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Yao H, Li D, Cao X, Han X, He J, Cheng D, Shang J, Song T, Zeng X. Castration reshapes the liver by altering fatty acid composition and metabolism in male mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 727:150319. [PMID: 38963983 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Castration promotes subcutaneous fat deposition that may be associated with metabolic adaptations in the liver. However, fatty acid composition, abundance, and metabolic characteristics of the liver after castration are not fully understood. Our results showed that surgical castration significantly reduced water and food intake, reduced liver weight, and induced liver inflammation in mice. Transcriptome analyses revealed that castration enhanced fatty acid metabolism, particularly that of arachidonic and linoleic acids metabolism. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that castration altered the composition and relative abundance of fatty acids in the liver. The relative abundances of arachidonic and linoleic acids were significantly decreased in 4-week-old castrated mice. Analysis of fatty acid synthesis- and metabolism-related genes revealed that castration enhanced the transcription of fatty acid synthesis- and oxidation-related genes. Analyzing the level of key enzymes in the β-oxidation and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways of fatty acids in mitochondria, we found that castration enhanced the β-oxidation of fatty acids in mitochondria, and also enhanced the protein level of the rate-limiting enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway, isocitrate dehydrogenase 2. These results comprehensively clarify metabolic changes in liver fatty acids after castration in mice of different ages and provide a reference for understanding castration-induced fat deposition from the perspective of liver fatty acid metabolism in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Dong Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Cao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xingfa Han
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jingyi He
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Dan Cheng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jiameng Shang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Tianzeng Song
- Institute of Animal Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, 850009, Xizang, PR China.
| | - Xianyin Zeng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China.
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2
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Tang R, Zhu Y, Chen L, Tong J, Ma X, Sun F, Zheng L, Yu H, Yang J. Lipid metabolites abnormally expressed in pelvic fluid as potential biomarkers for ovarian cancer: A case-control study. J Proteomics 2024; 307:105261. [PMID: 39032862 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2024.105261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is insidious and usually detected in advanced stages of the disease. As the ovaries are pelvic organs, changes in their pelvic fluid metabolites may be associated with ovarian cancer. METHODS Metabolomic changes in the pelvic fluid were detected using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in patients with ovarian cancer, ovarian cysts and uterine fibroids. Area under the curve (AUC) analysis was used to assess the diagnostic performance of lipid metabolites and blood tumor indices. The Pearson correlation algorithm was used to analyze the correlation between clinical characteristics and lipid metabolites in ovarian cancer patients. RESULTS There were 24 lipid metabolites significantly changed in the pelvic fluid of ovarian cancer patients (p < 0.05). Palmitoylcarnitine, lipoamide, lipid metabolites, and blood tumor indices (CA15-3 and CA125) showed AUC > 0.8, with palmitoylcarnitine reaching a high of 0.942. In addition, we found that some lipid metabolites were significantly associated with the clinical stage, abdominal water volume, lymphatic metastasis, and recurrence (p < 0.05, r > 0.5). CONCLUSION Levels of specific lipid metabolites are potential biomarkers of ovarian cancer and may play a key role in the early diagnosis and prognostic assessment of ovarian cancer. SIGNIFICANCE Our results showed that pelvic metabolites, especially some lipid metabolites, play an important role in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Meanwhile, partial lipid metabolites were closely associated with the clinical presentation and prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because it provides a potential approach that is more effective for ovarian cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China; School of Medicine, ShaoXing University, ShaoXing City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yunshan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, China
| | - Lingfeng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, China
| | - Jinfei Tong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, China
| | - Xudong Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China
| | - Fangying Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China; School of Medicine, ShaoXing University, ShaoXing City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Limei Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China
| | - Hailan Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China
| | - Jianhua Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, China.
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Macášek J, Staňková B, Žák A, Růžičková M, Brůha R, Kutová S, Vecka M, Zeman M. Associations of plasma phospholipid cis-vaccenic acid with insulin resistance markers in non-diabetic men with hyperlipidemia. Nutr Diabetes 2024; 14:73. [PMID: 39261487 PMCID: PMC11390737 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00332-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of fatty acids (FA) in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia is a subject of intensive research. Several recent works have suggested cis-vaccenic acid (cVA) in plasma lipid compartments, especially in plasma phospholipids (PL) or erythrocyte membranes, could be associated with markers of insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular health. Nevertheless, not all the results of research work testify to these beneficial effects of cVA. Therefore, we decided to investigate the relations of proportion of cVA in plasma PL to markers of insulin resistance in hyperlipidemic men. SUBJECTS In 231 men (median age 50) with newly diagnosed hyperlipidemia, we analyzed basic clinical parameters together with FA composition of plasma PL and stratified them according to the content of cVA into upper quartile (Q4) and lower quartile (Q1) groups. We examined also small control group of 50 healthy men. RESULTS The individuals in Q4 differed from Q1 by lower plasma insulin (p < 0.05), HOMA-IR values (p < 0.01), and apolipoprotein B concentrations (p < 0.001), but by the higher total level of nonesterified FA (p < 0.01). Both groups had similar age, anthropometrical, and other lipid parameters. In plasma PL, the Q4 group had lower content of the sum of n-6 polyunsaturated FA, due to decrease of γ-linolenic and dihomo-γ-linolenic acids, whereas the content of monounsaturated FA (mainly oleic and palmitoleic) was in Q4 higher. CONCLUSIONS Our results support hypothesis that plasma PL cVA could be associated with insulin sensitivity in men with hyperlipidemia.
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Grants
- Charles University Research Program, Cooperatio-Gastroenterology Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy (Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports)
- Charles University Research Program, Cooperatio-Gastroenterology Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy (Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports)
- Charles University Research Program, Cooperatio-Gastroenterology Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy (Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports)
- Charles University Research Program, Cooperatio-Gastroenterology Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy (Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports)
- MH CZ DRO-VFN64165 Ministerstvo Zdravotnictví Ceské Republiky (Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic)
- MH CZ DRO-VFN64165 Ministerstvo Zdravotnictví Ceské Republiky (Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic)
- MH CZ DRO-VFN64165 Ministerstvo Zdravotnictví Ceské Republiky (Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic)
- NU23-01-00288 Ministerstvo Zdravotnictví Ceské Republiky (Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic)
- MH CZ DRO-VFN64165 Ministerstvo Zdravotnictví Ceské Republiky (Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic)
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Macášek
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, 128 08, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Staňková
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, 128 08, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojišti 3, 121 08, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Žák
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, 128 08, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Růžičková
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, 128 08, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radan Brůha
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, 128 08, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Simona Kutová
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, 128 08, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Vecka
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, 128 08, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Na Bojišti 3, 121 08, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Zeman
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, 128 08, Prague, Czech Republic
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Wu YW, Chen JW, Tsai HY, Huang JH, Chang CC, Chang TT. Inhibition of Adipocyte-Derived FABP4 Reduces Adipocyte Inflammation, Improves Angiogenesis, and Facilitates Wound Healing in Metabolic Dysfunctions. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)02086-4. [PMID: 39260685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Dermal white adipose tissue may participate in the wound-healing process. Obesity-mediated chronic low-grade inflammation impairs wound healing by suppressing vascularity. Given that FABP4 is upregulated in the skin tissue of animals with obesity, this study aimed to investigate the effects of FABP4 inhibition on wound healing in mice with high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction in vivo. The interaction between adipocyte-derived FABP4 and vascular endothelial cell function was also investigated. In mice with high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunction, FABP4 inhibition increased angiogenesis and facilitated wound healing with reduced wound inflammation. FABP4 inhibition not only attenuated systemic inflammation, decreased body weight, and reduced insulin resistance but also improved the sizes of adipocytes and hypoxic conditions in dermal white adipose tissue. In vitro hypoxia was used to induce adipocyte inflammation, and the supernatants from hypoxia-stimulated adipocytes impaired the function and angiogenetic capability of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs). Both of them were improved by FABP4 inhibition. Altogether, FABP4 inhibition reduced systemic and adipocyte inflammation, improved vascular endothelial cell function, and facilitated wound healing in metabolic dysfunctions. Given the complex involvement of wound healing, future studies may be required to validate FABP4 as a potential therapeutic target for wound repair in metabolic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Wen Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Medical Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Faucalty of Medicine, Colleague of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yuan Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Medical Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Hsin Huang
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cardiovascular Medical Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Chang
- Faucalty of Medicine, Colleague of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ting Chang
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Biomedical Industry Ph.D. Program, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Rodríguez-Vázquez M, Falconi J, Heron-Milhavet L, Lassus P, Géminard C, Djiane A. Fat body glycolysis defects inhibit mTOR and promote distant muscle disorganization through TNF-α/egr and ImpL2 signaling in Drosophila larvae. EMBO Rep 2024:10.1038/s44319-024-00241-3. [PMID: 39251827 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00241-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The fat body in Drosophila larvae functions as a reserve tissue and participates in the regulation of organismal growth and homeostasis through its endocrine activity. To better understand its role in growth coordination, we induced fat body atrophy by knocking down several key enzymes of the glycolytic pathway in adipose cells. Our results show that impairing the last steps of glycolysis leads to a drastic drop in adipose cell size and lipid droplet content, and downregulation of the mTOR pathway and REPTOR transcriptional activity. Strikingly, fat body atrophy results in the distant disorganization of body wall muscles and the release of muscle-specific proteins in the hemolymph. Furthermore, we showed that REPTOR activity is required for fat body atrophy downstream of glycolysis inhibition, and that the effect of fat body atrophy on muscles depends on the production of TNF-α/egr and of the insulin pathway inhibitor ImpL2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Patrice Lassus
- IRCM, Univ Montpellier, Inserm, ICM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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6
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Wang H, Shan C, Guo G, Ning D, Miao F. Therapeutic potential of palmitoleic acid in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Targeting ferroptosis and lipid metabolism disorders. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 142:113025. [PMID: 39243559 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic syndrome associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Currently, there are no effective drugs to treat NAFLD. Palmitoleic acid (PA) has demonstrated therapeutic potential in managing various metabolic diseases and inflammation. Although ferroptosis is known to play a critical role in the NAFLD development, it remains unclear whether PA can alleviate NAFLD by inhibiting ferroptosis. METHODS Thirty C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups: standard diet, high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD with PA. The experiment lasted 16 weeks. RESULTS PA alleviated liver injury, hepatitis, and dyslipidemia in HFD-induced NAFLD mice. It improved insulin resistance, downregulated genes and proteins related to fat synthesis, and upregulated genes and proteins linked to lipolysis and fat oxidation. Mechanistically, bioinformatics enrichment revealed the involvement of ferroptosis in NAFLD. PA mitigated oxidative stress and reduced liver iron content in NAFLD. It downregulated acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) expression while upregulating glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) expression, thereby inhibiting ferroptosis. CONCLUSION PA exerts a protective effect against liver lipotoxicity by inhibiting lipid metabolism-mediated ferroptosis. These findings provide new insights into preventive and therapeutic strategies for the pathological processes of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, PR China
| | - Chunlan Shan
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Gangjun Guo
- Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Jinghong 666100, PR China
| | - Delu Ning
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Yunnan Woody Oilseed Technology Innovation Center, Kunming 650204, PR China
| | - Fujun Miao
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Yunnan Woody Oilseed Technology Innovation Center, Kunming 650204, PR China.
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7
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Xiao L, De Jesus DF, Ju CW, Wei JB, Hu J, DiStefano-Forti A, Tsuji T, Cero C, Männistö V, Manninen SM, Wei S, Ijaduola O, Blüher M, Cypess AM, Pihlajamäki J, Tseng YH, He C, Kulkarni RN. m 6A mRNA methylation in brown fat regulates systemic insulin sensitivity via an inter-organ prostaglandin signaling axis independent of UCP1. Cell Metab 2024:S1550-4131(24)00333-4. [PMID: 39255799 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) regulates systemic metabolism by releasing signaling lipids. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent and abundant post-transcriptional mRNA modification and has been reported to regulate BAT adipogenesis and energy expenditure. Here, we demonstrate that the absence of m6A methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14) modifies the BAT secretome to improve systemic insulin sensitivity independent of UCP1. Using lipidomics, we identify prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a) as BAT-secreted insulin sensitizers. PGE2 and PGF2a inversely correlate with insulin sensitivity in humans and protect mice from high-fat-diet-induced insulin resistance by suppressing specific AKT phosphatases. Mechanistically, METTL14-mediated m6A promotes the decay of PTGES2 and CBR1, the genes encoding PGE2 and PGF2a biosynthesis enzymes, in brown adipocytes via YTHDF2/3. Consistently, BAT-specific knockdown of Ptges2 or Cbr1 reverses the insulin-sensitizing effects in M14KO mice. Overall, these findings reveal a novel biological mechanism through which m6A-dependent regulation of the BAT secretome regulates systemic insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xiao
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, BIDMC, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dario F De Jesus
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, BIDMC, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cheng-Wei Ju
- Department of Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jiang Bo Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jiang Hu
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, BIDMC, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ava DiStefano-Forti
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, BIDMC, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tadataka Tsuji
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, BIDMC, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cheryl Cero
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ville Männistö
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Suvi M Manninen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Siying Wei
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, and CRISPR Screen Core Laboratory, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, BIDMC, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Oluwaseun Ijaduola
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, BIDMC, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG), University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Aaron M Cypess
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, BIDMC, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, BIDMC, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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8
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Ahn C, Zhang T, Yang G, Rode T, Varshney P, Ghayur SJ, Chugh OK, Jiang H, Horowitz JF. Years of endurance exercise training remodel abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue in adults with overweight or obesity. Nat Metab 2024; 6:1819-1836. [PMID: 39256590 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Abnormalities in the structure and metabolic function of abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (aSAT) underlie many obesity-related health complications. Endurance exercise improves cardiometabolic health in adults with overweight or obesity, but the effects of endurance training on aSAT are unclear. We included male and female participants who were regular exercisers with overweight or obesity who exercised for >2 years, and cross-sectionally compared them with well-matched non-exercisers with overweight or obesity. Here we show aSAT from exercisers has a higher capillary density, lower Col6a abundance and fewer macrophages compared with non-exercisers. This is accompanied by a greater abundance of angiogenic, ribosomal, mitochondrial and lipogenic proteins. The abundance of phosphoproteins involved in protein translation, lipogenesis and direct regulation of transcripts is also greater in aSAT collected from exercisers. Exploratory ex vivo experiments demonstrate greater angiogenic capacity and higher lipid-storage capacity in samples cultured from aSAT collected from exercisers versus non-exercisers. Regular exercise may play a role in remodelling aSAT structure and proteomic profile in ways that may contribute to preserved cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheehoon Ahn
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gayoung Yang
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas Rode
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pallavi Varshney
- Human Bioenergetics Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sophia J Ghayur
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Olivia K Chugh
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey F Horowitz
- Substrate Metabolism Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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9
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Sancar G, Birkenfeld AL. The role of adipose tissue dysfunction in hepatic insulin resistance and T2D. J Endocrinol 2024; 262:e240115. [PMID: 38967989 PMCID: PMC11378142 DOI: 10.1530/joe-24-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The root cause of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is insulin resistance (IR), defined by the failure of cells to respond to circulating insulin to maintain lipid and glucose homeostasis. While the causes of whole-body insulin resistance are multifactorial, a major contributing factor is dysregulation of liver and adipose tissue function. Adipose dysfunction, particularly adipose tissue-IR (adipo-IR), plays a crucial role in the development of hepatic insulin resistance and the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in the context of T2D. In this review, we will focus on molecular mechanisms of hepatic insulin resistance and its association with adipose tissue function. A deeper understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of the transition from a healthy state to insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, and T2D may enable us to prevent and intervene in the progression to T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gencer Sancar
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Division of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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10
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Wang S, Pang Y, Wang L, Wang Q, Chen Z, Li C, Li F, Zhang G, Wang X, Gao S, Xu X. Differences in Lipid Metabolism between the Perirenal Adipose Tissue of Chinese Simmental Cattle and Angus Cattle ( Bos taurus) Based on Metabolomics Analysis. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2536. [PMID: 39272322 PMCID: PMC11394394 DOI: 10.3390/ani14172536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to investigate the differences in metabolites in perirenal fat (PF) between Chinese Simmental cattle and Angus cattle. Six healthy 18-month-old male Angus cattle and Chinese Simmental cattle were selected, and the perirenal adipose tissue was collected after slaughtering. HE staining, a triglyceride assay kit, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technology were used to compare and analyze the differences in the cell morphology, lipid accumulation, and metabolites of the two types of PF. The results showed that the PF of Angus cattle had a larger cell area and stronger lipid deposition ability than that of Simmental cattle. A total of 567 metabolites were detected by LC-MS/MS technology, of which 119 were significantly upregulated in Angus cattle PF and 129 were significantly upregulated in Simmental cattle PF. Differential metabolites were enriched in pathways such as fatty acid biosynthesis, polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, regulation of adipocyte lipolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation. Finally, 12 metabolites that may cause phenotypic differences between the two types of perirenal adipose tissue were screened out from these pathways. This study has preliminarily screened out biomarkers that may affect lipid metabolism in PF, providing basic data for the further exploration of the metabolic characteristics of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Wang
- Hinggan League Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science Institute, Ulanhot 137400, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Yue Pang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Hinggan League Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science Institute, Ulanhot 137400, China
| | - Zhongling Chen
- Hinggan League Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science Institute, Ulanhot 137400, China
| | - Chengjiao Li
- Hinggan League Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science Institute, Ulanhot 137400, China
| | - Fengjiao Li
- Hinggan League Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science Institute, Ulanhot 137400, China
| | - Guoxi Zhang
- Hinggan League Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science Institute, Ulanhot 137400, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Tongliao Animal Husbandry Development Center, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Shuxin Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Xingjian Xu
- Hinggan League Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Science Institute, Ulanhot 137400, China
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11
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Quarta S, Santarpino G, Carluccio MA, Calabriso N, Cardetta F, Siracusa L, Strano T, Palamà I, Leccese G, Visioli F, Massaro M. Cardiac fat adipocytes: An optimized protocol for isolation of ready-to-use mature adipocytes from human pericardial adipose tissue. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 196:12-25. [PMID: 39214497 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
A better understanding of the pathophysiology of cardiac fat depots is crucial to describe their role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. To this end, we have developed a method to isolate mature fat cells from the pericardial adipose tissue (PAT), the most accessible cardiac fat depot during cardiac surgery. Using enzymatic isolation, we were able to successfully obtain mature fat cells together with the corresponding cells of the stromal vascular fraction (SVF). We subjected the PAT adipocytes to thorough morphological and molecular characterization, including detailed fatty acid profiling, and simultaneously investigated their reactivity to external stimuli. Our approach resulted in highly purified fat cells with sustained viability for up to 72 h after explantation. Remarkably, these adipocytes responded to multiple challenges, including pro-inflammatory and metabolic stimuli, indicating their potential to trigger a pro-inflammatory response and modulate endothelial cell behavior. Furthermore, we have created conditions to maintain whole PAT in culture and preserve their viability and reactivity to external stimuli. The efficiency of cell recovery combined with minimal dedifferentiation underscores the promise for future applications as a personalized tool for screening and assessing individual patient responses to drugs and supplements or nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Quarta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Santarpino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Città di Lecce Hospital, GVM Care&Research, Lecce, Italy; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany.
| | | | - Nadia Calabriso
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Francesco Cardetta
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University "Campus Biomedico", Rome, Italy.
| | - Laura Siracusa
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Catania section, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy.
| | - Tonia Strano
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Catania section, Via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Palamà
- Institute Nanotechnology Institute, CNR-NANOTEC, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Leccese
- Institute Nanotechnology Institute, CNR-NANOTEC, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | | | - Marika Massaro
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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12
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Natarajan D, Plakkot B, Tiwari K, Ekambaram S, Wang W, Rudolph M, Mohammad MA, Chacko SK, Subramanian M, Tarantini S, Yabluchanskiy A, Ungvari Z, Csiszar A, Balasubramanian P. Chronic β3-AR stimulation activates distinct thermogenic mechanisms in brown and white adipose tissue and improves systemic metabolism in aged mice. Aging Cell 2024:e14321. [PMID: 39177077 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose thermogenesis has been actively investigated as a therapeutic target for improving metabolic dysfunction in obesity. However, its applicability to middle-aged and older populations, which bear the highest obesity prevalence in the United States (approximately 40%), remains uncertain due to age-related decline in thermogenic responses. In this study, we investigated the effects of chronic thermogenic stimulation using the β3-adrenergic (AR) agonist CL316,243 (CL) on systemic metabolism and adipose function in aged (18-month-old) C57BL/6JN mice. Sustained β3-AR treatment resulted in reduced fat mass, increased energy expenditure, increased fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial activity in adipose depots, improved glucose homeostasis, and a favorable adipokine profile. At the cellular level, CL treatment increased uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-dependent thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). However, in white adipose tissue (WAT) depots, CL treatment increased glycerol and lipid de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and turnover suggesting the activation of the futile substrate cycle of lipolysis and reesterification in a UCP1-independent manner. Increased lipid turnover was also associated with the simultaneous upregulation of proteins involved in glycerol metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and reesterification in WAT. Further, a dose-dependent impact of CL treatment on inflammation was observed, particularly in subcutaneous WAT, suggesting a potential mismatch between fatty acid supply and oxidation. These findings indicate that chronic β3-AR stimulation activates distinct cellular mechanisms that increase energy expenditure in BAT and WAT to improve systemic metabolism in aged mice. Considering that people lose BAT with aging, activation of futile lipid cycling in WAT presents a novel strategy for improving age-related metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duraipandy Natarajan
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration, and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Bhuvana Plakkot
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Kritika Tiwari
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Shoba Ekambaram
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Michael Rudolph
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology and Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Mahmoud A Mohammad
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shaji K Chacko
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Madhan Subramanian
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration, and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration, and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration, and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration, and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Priya Balasubramanian
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration, and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- The Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology and Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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13
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Shen T, Oh Y, Jeong S, Cho S, Fiehn O, Youn JH. High-Fat Feeding Alters Circulating Triglyceride Composition: Roles of FFA Desaturation and ω-3 Fatty Acid Availability. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8810. [PMID: 39201497 PMCID: PMC11354557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Plasma triglycerides (TGs) are a key factor for assessing the risk of diabetes or CVD. However, previous lipidomics studies have demonstrated that not all TG molecules behave the same way. Individual TGs with different fatty acid compositions are regulated differentially under various conditions. In addition, distinct groups of TGs were identified to be associated with increased diabetes risk (TGs with lower carbon number [C#] and double-bond number [DB#]), or with decreased risk (TGs with higher C# and DB#). In this study, we examined the effects of high-fat feeding in rats on plasma lipid profiles with special attention to TG profiles. Wistar rats were maintained on either a low-fat (control) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 2 weeks. Plasma samples were obtained before and 2.5 h after a meal (n = 10 each) and subjected to lipidomics analyses. High-fat feeding significantly impacted circulating lipid profiles, with the most significant effects observed on TG profile. The effects of an HFD on individual TG species depended on DB# in their fatty acid chains; an HFD increased TGs with low DB#, associated with increased diabetes risk, but decreased TGs with high DB#, associated with decreased risk. These changes in TGs with an HFD were associated with decreased indices of hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity, assessed from hepatic fatty acid profiles. Decreased SCD activity would reduce the conversion of saturated to monounsaturated fatty acids, contributing to the increases in saturated TGs or TGs with low DB#. In addition, an HFD selectively depleted ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), contributing to the decreases in TGs with high DB#. Thus, an HFD had profound impacts on circulating TG profiles. Some of these changes were at least partly explained by decreased hepatic SCD activity and depleted ω-3 PUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Shen
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis Genome Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (T.S.); (O.F.)
| | - Youngtaek Oh
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (Y.O.); (S.C.)
| | - Shinwu Jeong
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | - Suengmok Cho
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (Y.O.); (S.C.)
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis Genome Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (T.S.); (O.F.)
| | - Jang H. Youn
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (Y.O.); (S.C.)
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14
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Wang S, Hu C, Lin H, Jia X, Hu R, Zheng R, Li M, Xu Y, Xu M, Zheng J, Zhao X, Li Y, Chen L, Zeng T, Ye Z, Shi L, Su Q, Chen Y, Yu X, Yan L, Wang T, Zhao Z, Qin G, Wan Q, Chen G, Dai M, Zhang D, Qiu B, Zhu X, Liu R, Wang X, Tang X, Gao Z, Shen F, Gu X, Luo Z, Qin Y, Chen L, Hou X, Huo Y, Li Q, Wang G, Zhang Y, Liu C, Wang Y, Wu S, Yang T, Deng H, Zhao J, Mu Y, Xu G, Lai S, Li D, Ning G, Wang W, Bi Y, Lu J. Association of circulating long-chain free fatty acids and incident diabetes risk among normoglycemic Chinese adults: a prospective nested case-control study. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 120:336-346. [PMID: 38729573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-chain free fatty acids (FFAs) are associated with risk of incident diabetes. However, a comprehensive assessment of the associations in normoglycemic populations is lacking. OBJECTIVES Our study aimed to comprehensively investigate the prospective associations and patterns of FFA profiles with diabetes risk among normoglycemic Chinese adults. METHODS This is a prospective nested case-control study from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) study. We quantitatively measured 53 serum FFAs using a targeted metabolomics approach in 1707 incident diabetes subjects and 1707 propensity score-matched normoglycemic controls. Conditional logistic regression models were employed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for associations. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) penalty regression and quantile g-computation (qg-comp) analyses were implemented to estimate the association between multi-FFA exposures and incident diabetes. RESULTS The majority of odd-chain FFAs exhibited an inverse association with incident diabetes, wherein the ORs per SD increment of all 7 saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) 15:1, and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) 25:2 were ranging from 0.79 to 0.88 (95% CIs ranging between 0.71 and 0.97). Even-chain FFAs comprised 99.3% of total FFAs and displayed heterogeneity with incident diabetes. SFAs with 18-26 carbon atoms are inversely linked to incident diabetes, with ORs ranging from 0.81 to 0.86 (95% CIs ranging between 0.73 and 0.94). MUFAs 26:1 (OR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.76, 0.94), PUFAs 20:4 (OR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.75, 0.94), and 24:2 (OR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.78, 0.97) demonstrated significant associations. In multi-FFA exposure model, 24 FFAs were significantly associated with incident diabetes, most of which were consistent with univariate results. The mixture OR was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.61, 0.99; P = 0.04159). Differential correlation network analysis revealed pre-existing perturbations in intraclass and interclass FFA coregulation before diabetes onset. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the variations in diabetes risk associated with FFAs across chain length and unsaturation degree, highlighting the importance of recognizing FFA subtypes in the pathogenesis of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyuan Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Hu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Jia
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruying Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruizhi Zheng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mian Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yanli Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianshu Zeng
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lixin Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang, China
| | - Qing Su
- Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Yan
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiange Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyun Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guijun Qin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qin Wan
- The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meng Dai
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bihan Qiu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixin Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xulei Tang
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhengnan Gao
- Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Feixia Shen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuejiang Gu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zuojie Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yingfen Qin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Chen
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinguo Hou
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanan Huo
- Jiangxi provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiang Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guixia Wang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yinfei Zhang
- Central Hospital of Shanghai Jiading District, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Youmin Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shengli Wu
- Karamay Municipal People's Hospital, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tao Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huacong Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yiming Mu
- Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Shenghan Lai
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA, United States
| | - Donghui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufang Bi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jieli Lu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Zhang Z, Yu Z, Liang D, Song K, Kong X, He M, Liao X, Huang Z, Kang A, Bai R, Ren Y. Roles of lipid droplets and related proteins in metabolic diseases. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:218. [PMID: 39030618 PMCID: PMC11264848 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs), which are active organelles, derive from the monolayer membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum and encapsulate neutral lipids internally. LD-associated proteins like RAB, those in the PLIN family, and those in the CIDE family participate in LD formation and development, and they are active players in various diseases, organelles, and metabolic processes (i.e., obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and autophagy). Our synthesis on existing research includes insights from the formation of LDs to their mechanisms of action, to provide an overview needed for advancing research into metabolic diseases and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, South Maoyuan Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Intestinal Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Zhenghang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, South Maoyuan Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Intestinal Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Dianyuan Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, South Maoyuan Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Intestinal Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Ke Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, South Maoyuan Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Intestinal Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Xiangxin Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, South Maoyuan Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Intestinal Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Ming He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, South Maoyuan Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China
| | - Xinxin Liao
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Intestinal Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Ziyan Huang
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Intestinal Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Aijia Kang
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Intestinal Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Rubing Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, South Maoyuan Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China.
| | - Yixing Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, South Maoyuan Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China.
- General Surgery, Chengdu XinHua Hospital Affiliated to North Sichuan Medical College, Chengdu, 610000, China.
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16
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Yang L, Jiang Z, Yang L, Zheng W, Chen Y, Qu F, Crabbe MJC, Zhang Y, Andersen ME, Zheng Y, Qu W. Disinfection Byproducts of Haloacetaldehydes Disrupt Hepatic Lipid Metabolism and Induce Lipotoxicity in High-Fat Culture Conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:12356-12367. [PMID: 38953388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c11009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Unhealthy lifestyles, obesity, and environmental pollutants are strongly correlated with the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Haloacetaldehyde-associated disinfection byproducts (HAL-DBPs) at various multiples of concentrations found in finished drinking water together with high-fat (HF) were examined to gauge their mixed effects on hepatic lipid metabolism. Using new alternative methods (NAMs), studying effects in human cells in vitro for risk assessment, we investigated the combined effects of HF and HAL-DBPs on hepatic lipid metabolism and lipotoxicity in immortalized LO-2 human hepatocytes. Coexposure of HAL-DBPs at various multiples of environmental exposure levels with HF increased the levels of triglycerides, interfered with de novo lipogenesis, enhanced fatty acid oxidation, and inhibited the secretion of very low-density lipoproteins. Lipid accumulation caused by the coexposure of HAL-DBPs and HF also resulted in more severe lipotoxicity in these cells. Our results using an in vitro NAM-based method provide novel insights into metabolic reprogramming in hepatocytes due to coexposure of HF and HAL-DBPs and strongly suggest that the risk of NAFLD in sensitive populations due to HAL-DBPs and poor lifestyle deserves further investigation both with laboratory and epidemiological tools. We also discuss how results from our studies could be used in health risk assessments for HAL-DBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhiqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fei Qu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - M James C Crabbe
- Wolfson College, Oxford University, Oxford OX2 6UD, United Kingdom
- Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Science & Technology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, U.K
| | - Yubin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Melvin E Andersen
- ScitoVation, LLC, 6 Davis Drive, Suite 146, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27713, United States
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Weidong Qu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Natarajan D, Plakkot B, Tiwari K, Ekambaram S, Wang W, Rudolph M, Mohammad MA, Chacko SK, Subramanian M, Tarantini S, Yabluchanskiy A, Ungvari Z, Csiszar A, Balasubramanian P. The metabolic benefits of thermogenic stimulation are preserved in aging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.01.601572. [PMID: 39005396 PMCID: PMC11244901 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.01.601572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Adipose thermogenesis has been actively investigated as a therapeutic target for improving metabolic dysfunction in obesity. However, its applicability to middle-aged and older populations, which bear the highest obesity prevalence in the US (approximately 40%), remains uncertain due to age-related decline in thermogenic responses. In this study, we investigated the effects of chronic thermogenic stimulation using the β3-adrenergic (AR) agonist CL316,243 (CL) on systemic metabolism and adipose function in aged (18-month-old) C57BL/6JN mice. Sustained β3-AR treatment resulted in reduced fat mass, increased energy expenditure, increased fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial activity in adipose depots, improved glucose homeostasis, and a favorable adipokine profile. At the cellular level, CL treatment increased uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-dependent thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). However, in white adipose tissue (WAT) depots, CL treatment increased glycerol and lipid de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and turnover suggesting the activation of the futile substrate cycle of lipolysis and reesterification in a UCP1-independent manner. Increased lipid turnover was also associated with the simultaneous upregulation of proteins involved in glycerol metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and reesterification in WAT. Further, a dose-dependent impact of CL treatment on inflammation was observed, particularly in subcutaneous WAT, suggesting a potential mismatch between fatty acid supply and oxidation. These findings indicate that chronic β3-AR stimulation activates distinct cellular mechanisms that increase energy expenditure in BAT and WAT to improve systemic metabolism in aged mice. Our study provides foundational evidence for targeting adipose thermogenesis to improve age-related metabolic dysfunction.
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Won YS, Bak SG, Chandimali N, Park EH, Lim HJ, Kwon HS, Park SI, Lee SJ. 7-MEGA™ inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and suppresses obesity in high-fat-diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:192. [PMID: 38909257 PMCID: PMC11193219 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02175-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight, often known as obesity, is the abnormal and excessive accumulation of fat that exposes the health of a person at risk by increasing the likelihood that they may experience many chronic conditions. Consequently, obesity has become a global health threat, presenting serious health issues, and attracting a lot of attention in the healthcare profession and the scientific community. METHOD This study aims to explore the anti-adipogenic properties of 7-MEGA™ in an attempt to address obesity, using both in vitro and in vivo research. The effects of 7MEGA™ at three distinct concentrations were investigated in obese mice who were given a high-fat diet (HFD) and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. RESULTS 7MEGA™ decreased the total fat mass, overall body weight, and the perirenal and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (PWAT and SWAT) contents in HFD mice. Additionally, 7MEGA™ showed promise in improving the metabolic health of individuals with obesity and regulate the levels of insulin hormone, pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines. Furthermore, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) α and γ, Uncoupling Protein 1 (UCP-1), Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein 1 (SREBP-1), Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 4 (FABP4), Fatty Acid Synthase (FAS), Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC), Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1 (SCD-1) and CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein (C/EBPα) were among the adipogenic regulators that 7MEGA™ could regulate. CONCLUSION In summary, this study uncovered that 7MEGA™ demonstrates anti-adipogenic and anti-obesity effects, suggesting its potential in combating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Seon Won
- Division of Research Management, Department of Bioresource Industrialization, Honam National Institute of Biological Resource, Mokpo, 58762, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Gyeong Bak
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-Gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Nisansala Chandimali
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-Gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hyun Park
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-Gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jin Lim
- Scripps Korea Antibody Institute, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuck Se Kwon
- R&D Team, Food & Supplement Health Claims, Vitech, Jeonju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ik Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Jae Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 181 Ipsin-Gil, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Applied Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Li M, Zhang D, Yang Q, Zhao Z, Zhang C, Zhou Y, Bai Y, Chen L, Tang X, Liu C, Zhou J, Chen X, Ying B. Longitudinal metabolomics of human plasma reveal metabolic dynamics and predictive markers of antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury. Respir Res 2024; 25:254. [PMID: 38907347 PMCID: PMC11193241 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02837-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains the second leading cause of death from a single infectious agent and long-term medication could lead to antituberculosis drug-induced liver injury (ATB-DILI). We established a prospective longitudinal cohort of ATB-DILI with multiple timepoint blood sampling and used untargeted metabolomics to analyze the metabolic profiles of 107 plasma samples from healthy controls and newly diagnosed TB patients who either developed ATB-DILI within 2 months of anti-TB treatment (ATB-DILI subjects) or completed their treatment without any adverse drug reaction (ATB-Ctrl subjects). The untargeted metabolome revealed that 77 metabolites (of 895 total) were significantly changed with ATB-DILI progression. Among them, levels of multiple fatty acids and bile acids significantly increased over time in ATB-DILI subjects. Meanwhile, metabolites of the same class were highly correlated with each other and pathway analysis indicated both fatty acids metabolism and bile acids metabolism were up-regulated with ATB-DILI progression. The targeted metabolome further validated that 5 fatty acids had prediction capability at the early stage of the disease and 6 bile acids had a better diagnostic performance when ATB-DILI occurred. These findings provide evidence indicating that fatty acids metabolism and bile acids metabolism play a vital role during ATB-DILI progression. Our report adds a dynamic perspective better to understand the pathological process of ATB-DILI in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingxin Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunying Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanbing Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangjuan Bai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cuihua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xuerong Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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20
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Bermúdez MA, Garrido A, Pereira L, Garrido T, Balboa MA, Balsinde J. Rapid Movement of Palmitoleic Acid from Phosphatidylcholine to Phosphatidylinositol in Activated Human Monocytes. Biomolecules 2024; 14:707. [PMID: 38927110 PMCID: PMC11202010 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This work describes a novel route for phospholipid fatty acid remodeling involving the monounsaturated fatty acid palmitoleic acid. When administered to human monocytes, palmitoleic acid rapidly incorporates into membrane phospholipids, notably into phosphatidylcholine (PC). In resting cells, palmitoleic acid remains within the phospholipid pools where it was initially incorporated, showing no further movement. However, stimulation of the human monocytes with either receptor-directed (opsonized zymosan) or soluble (calcium ionophore A23187) agonists results in the rapid transfer of palmitoleic acid moieties from PC to phosphatidylinositol (PI). This is due to the activation of a coenzyme A-dependent remodeling route involving two different phospholipase A2 enzymes that act on different substrates to generate free palmitoleic acid and lysoPI acceptors. The stimulated enrichment of specific PI molecular species with palmitoleic acid unveils a hitherto-unrecognized pathway for lipid turnover in human monocytes which may play a role in regulating lipid signaling during innate immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Bermúdez
- Bioactive Lipids and Lipidomics Core, IBGM, CSIC-UVA, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alvaro Garrido
- Bioactive Lipids and Lipidomics Core, IBGM, CSIC-UVA, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Pereira
- Bioactive Lipids and Lipidomics Core, IBGM, CSIC-UVA, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Garrido
- Bioactive Lipids and Lipidomics Core, IBGM, CSIC-UVA, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María A. Balboa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation Group, IBGM, CSIC-UVA, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jesús Balsinde
- Bioactive Lipids and Lipidomics Core, IBGM, CSIC-UVA, 47003 Valladolid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Gad SA, Smith H, Roberts LD. Metabolic small talk during exercise: The role of metabokines and lipokines in interorgan signalling. CURRENT OPINION IN ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC RESEARCH 2024; 35:100525. [PMID: 39185341 PMCID: PMC11339532 DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2024.100525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Metabolites in exercise have traditionally been viewed as a fuel source, waste product, or anabolic components required for exercise-induced biosynthetic processes. However, it is now recognised that metabolites and lipids may act as mediators of interorgan crosstalk to coordinate the local and systemic physiological adaptations required to meet the complex system-wide challenge of exercise. These bioactive metabolite and lipid signals have been termed metabokines and lipokines, respectively. There is emerging evidence that metabokines and lipokines contribute to the health benefits of exercise. This review highlights several of the key recent discoveries related to metabokine and lipokine signalling during exercise. The discovery of these metabokines and lipokines, and their signalling targets, may provide the basis of future therapies for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa A. Gad
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Hannah Smith
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Lee D. Roberts
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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22
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Nguyen N, Woodside DB, Lam E, Quehenberger O, German JB, Shih PAB. Fatty Acids and Their Lipogenic Enzymes in Anorexia Nervosa Clinical Subtypes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5516. [PMID: 38791555 PMCID: PMC11122126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Disordered eating behavior differs between the restricting subtype (AN-R) and the binging and purging subtype (AN-BP) of anorexia nervosa (AN). Yet, little is known about how these differences impact fatty acid (FA) dysregulation in AN. To address this question, we analyzed 26 FAs and 7 FA lipogenic enzymes (4 desaturases and 3 elongases) in 96 women: 25 AN-R, 25 AN-BP, and 46 healthy control women. Our goal was to assess subtype-specific patterns. Lauric acid was significantly higher in AN-BP than in AN-R at the fasting timepoint (p = 0.038) and displayed significantly different postprandial changes 2 h after eating. AN-R displayed significantly higher levels of n-3 alpha-linolenic acid, stearidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid, and n-6 linoleic acid and gamma-linolenic acid compared to controls. AN-BP showed elevated EPA and saturated lauric acid compared to controls. Higher EPA was associated with elevated anxiety in AN-R (p = 0.035) but was linked to lower anxiety in AN-BP (p = 0.043). These findings suggest distinct disordered eating behaviors in AN subtypes contribute to lipid dysregulation and eating disorder comorbidities. A personalized dietary intervention may improve lipid dysregulation and enhance treatment effectiveness for AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhien Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - D. Blake Woodside
- Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Eileen Lam
- Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Oswald Quehenberger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - J. Bruce German
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Pei-an Betty Shih
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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23
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Feng SS, Wang SJ, Guo L, Ma PP, Ye XL, Pan ML, Hang B, Mao JH, Snijders AM, Lu YB, Ding DF. Serum bile acid and unsaturated fatty acid profiles of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetic patients. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:898-913. [PMID: 38766436 PMCID: PMC11099371 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i5.898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The understanding of bile acid (BA) and unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) profiles, as well as their dysregulation, remains elusive in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) coexisting with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Investigating these metabolites could offer valuable insights into the pathophy-siology of NAFLD in T2DM. AIM To identify potential metabolite biomarkers capable of distinguishing between NAFLD and T2DM. METHODS A training model was developed involving 399 participants, comprising 113 healthy controls (HCs), 134 individuals with T2DM without NAFLD, and 152 individuals with T2DM and NAFLD. External validation encompassed 172 participants. NAFLD patients were divided based on liver fibrosis scores. The analytical approach employed univariate testing, orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis, logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and decision curve analysis to pinpoint and assess the diagnostic value of serum biomarkers. RESULTS Compared to HCs, both T2DM and NAFLD groups exhibited diminished levels of specific BAs. In UFAs, particular acids exhibited a positive correlation with NAFLD risk in T2DM, while the ω-6:ω-3 UFA ratio demonstrated a negative correlation. Levels of α-linolenic acid and γ-linolenic acid were linked to significant liver fibrosis in NAFLD. The validation cohort substantiated the predictive efficacy of these biomarkers for assessing NAFLD risk in T2DM patients. CONCLUSION This study underscores the connection between altered BA and UFA profiles and the presence of NAFLD in individuals with T2DM, proposing their potential as biomarkers in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Su Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Si-Jing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Pan-Pan Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Long Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ming-Lin Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bo Hang
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Jian-Hua Mao
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Antoine M Snijders
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Yi-Bing Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Da-Fa Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu Province, China
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Sharma AK, Khandelwal R, Wolfrum C. Futile lipid cycling: from biochemistry to physiology. Nat Metab 2024; 6:808-824. [PMID: 38459186 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
In the healthy state, the fat stored in our body isn't just inert. Rather, it is dynamically mobilized to maintain an adequate concentration of fatty acids (FAs) in our bloodstream. Our body tends to produce excess FAs to ensure that the FA availability is not limiting. The surplus FAs are actively re-esterified into glycerides, initiating a cycle of breakdown and resynthesis of glycerides. This cycle consumes energy without generating a new product and is commonly referred to as the 'futile lipid cycle' or the glyceride/FA cycle. Contrary to the notion that it's a wasteful process, it turns out this cycle is crucial for systemic metabolic homeostasis. It acts as a control point in intra-adipocyte and inter-organ cross-talk, a metabolic rheostat, an energy sensor and a lipid diversifying mechanism. In this Review, we discuss the metabolic regulation and physiological implications of the glyceride/FA cycle and its mechanistic underpinnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Sharma
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
| | - Radhika Khandelwal
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
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25
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Ge L, Cheng K, Lu W, Cui Y, Yin X, Jiang J, Li Y, Yao H, Liao J, Xue J, Shen Q. Enzymatic Preparation, In-Depth Molecular Analysis, and In Vitro Digestion Simulation of Palmitoleic Acid (ω-7)-Enriched Fish Oil Triacylglycerols. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8859-8870. [PMID: 38564481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In this study, an enzymatic reaction was developed for synthesizing pure triacylglycerols (TAG) with a high content of palmitoleic acid (POA) using fish byproduct oil. The characteristics of synthesized structural TAGs rich in POA (POA-TAG) were analyzed in detail through ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography Q Exactive orbitrap mass spectrometry. Optimal conditions were thoroughly investigated and determined for reaction systems, including the use of Lipozyme TL IM and Novozym 435, 15 wt % lipase loading, substrate mass ratio of 1:3, and water content of 2.5 and 0.5 wt %, respectively, resulting in yields of 67.50 and 67.45% for POA-TAG, respectively. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed that TAG 16:1/16:1/20:4, TAG 16:1/16:1/16:1, TAG 16:1/16:1/18:1, and TAG 16:0/16:1/18:1 were the main variables in Lipozyme TL IM and Novozym 435 enzyme-catalyzed products under different water content conditions. Finally, the fate of POA-TAG across the gastrointestinal tract was simulated using an in vitro digestion model. The results showed that the maximum release of free fatty acids and apparent rate constants were 71.44% and 0.0347 s-1, respectively, for POA-TAG lipids, and the physical and structural characteristics during digestion depended on their microenvironments. These findings provide a theoretical basis for studying the rational design of POA-structural lipids and exploring the nutritional and functional benefits of POA products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Ge
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Keyun Cheng
- Panvascular Diseases Research Center, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Weibo Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yiwei Cui
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Xuelian Yin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou 318020, China
| | - Yijing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo Ninth Hospital, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Haiming Yao
- Yunhe Street Community Health Service Center, Linping, Hangzhou 311100, China
| | - Jie Liao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Jing Xue
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Qing Shen
- Panvascular Diseases Research Center, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China
- Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Clinical Research, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
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26
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Noone J, Mucinski JM, DeLany JP, Sparks LM, Goodpaster BH. Understanding the variation in exercise responses to guide personalized physical activity prescriptions. Cell Metab 2024; 36:702-724. [PMID: 38262420 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the factors that contribute to exercise response variation is the first step in achieving the goal of developing personalized exercise prescriptions. This review discusses the key molecular and other mechanistic factors, both extrinsic and intrinsic, that influence exercise responses and health outcomes. Extrinsic characteristics include the timing and dose of exercise, circadian rhythms, sleep habits, dietary interactions, and medication use, whereas intrinsic factors such as sex, age, hormonal status, race/ethnicity, and genetics are also integral. The molecular transducers of exercise (i.e., genomic/epigenomic, proteomic/post-translational, transcriptomic, metabolic/metabolomic, and lipidomic elements) are considered with respect to variability in physiological and health outcomes. Finally, this review highlights the current challenges that impede our ability to develop effective personalized exercise prescriptions. The Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) aims to fill significant gaps in the understanding of exercise response variability, yet further investigations are needed to address additional health outcomes across all populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Noone
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | | | - James P DeLany
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Lauren M Sparks
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA
| | - Bret H Goodpaster
- Translational Research Institute, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL 32804, USA.
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27
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Zhang J, Zhao M, Yu H, Wang Q, Shen F, Cai H, Feng F, Tang J. Palmitoleic Acid Ameliorates Metabolic Disorders and Inflammation by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolites. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300749. [PMID: 38511225 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Palmitoleic acid (POA) is an omega-7 monounsaturated fatty acid that has been suggested to improve metabolic disorders. However, it remains unclear whether gut microbiota plays a role in the amelioration of metabolic disorders by POA. This study aims to investigate the regulation of POA on metabolism, as well as systemic inflammation in HFD-fed mice from the perspective of serum metabolome and gut microbiome. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-six C57BL/6 male mice are randomly assigned to either a normal chow diet containing 1.9% w/w lard or an HFD containing 20.68% w/w lard or 20.68% w/w sea buckthorn pulp oil for 16 weeks. The study finds that POA significantly attenuated hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation in HFD-fed mice. POA supplementation significantly alters the composition of serum metabolites, particularly lipid metabolites in the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway. POA obviously increases the abundance of Bifidobacterium and decreases the abundance of Allobaculum. Importantly, the study finds that glycerophosphocholine mediates the effect of Bifidobacterium on LDL-C, sphingomyelin mediates the effect of Bifidobacterium on IL-6, and maslinic acid mediates the effect of Allobaculum on IL-6. CONCLUSION The results suggest that exogenous POA can improve metabolic disorders and inflammation in HFD-fed mice, potentially by modulating the serum metabolome and gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Minjie Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Huilin Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Fei Shen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Haiying Cai
- School of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science &Technology, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Fengqin Feng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Jun Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Westlake Intelligent Biomarker Discovery Lab, Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310012, China
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28
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Ping Y, Liu J, Wang L, Qiu H, Zhang Y. Research progress on the mechanism of TCM regulating intestinal microbiota in the treatment of DM mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1308016. [PMID: 38601207 PMCID: PMC11004430 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1308016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards, the incidence of DM has increased year by year in China. DM is a common metabolic syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia caused by genetic, environmental and other factors. At the same time, long-term suffering from DM will also have an impact on the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys and nerves, and associated serious diseases. The human body has a large and complex gut microbiota, which has a significant impact on the body's metabolism. Research shows that the occurrence and development of DM and its complications are closely related to intestinal microbiota. At present, western medicine generally treats DM with drugs. The hypoglycemic effect is fast and strong, but it can have a series of side effects on the human body. Compared with western medicine, Chinese medicine has its unique views and methods in treating DM. TCM can improve symptoms and treat complications by improving the imbalance of microbiota in patients with DM. Its characteristics of health, safety, and reliability are widely accepted by the general public. This article reviews the relationship between intestinal microbiota and DM, as well as the mechanism of TCM intervention in DM by regulating intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ping
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianing Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongbin Qiu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
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29
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Peng Y, Zhang L, Bao X, Qian X, Dong W, Jiang M. Palmitoleic acid-rich oleaginous yeast Scheffersomyces segobiensis DSM 27193 exerts anti-obesity effects by ameliorating hepatic steatosis and adipose tissue hypertrophy. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:2156-2164. [PMID: 37926439 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yeast biomass, encompassing fatty acids, terpenoids, vitamins, antioxidants, enzymes, and other bioactive compounds have been extensively utilized in food-related fields. The safety and potential bioactivities of Scheffersomyces segobiensis DSM 27193, an oleaginous yeast strain, are unclear. RESULTS Scheffersomyces segobiensis DSM 27193 accumulated large palmitoleic acid (POA) levels (43.4 g kg-1 biomass) according to the results of whole-cell components. We annotated the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, and predicted the categories and host of the pathogen-host interactions (PHI) genes in S. segobiensis DSM 27193. However, S. segobiensis DSM 27193 did not exert toxic effects in mice. Administration of S. segobiensis DSM 27193 led to substantial weight reduction by diminishing food intake in an obesity mouse model. Additionally, it reversed hepatic steatosis and adipose tissue hypertrophy, and improved abnormalities in serum biochemical profiles such as triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipopolysaccharide, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6. CONCLUSION This study is the first to illustrate the safety and effects of S. segobiensis DSM 27193 against obesity and offers a scientific rationale for its application in functional food supplements. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinhui Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiujuan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiliang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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30
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Romero-Becera R, Santamans AM, Arcones AC, Sabio G. From Beats to Metabolism: the Heart at the Core of Interorgan Metabolic Cross Talk. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:98-125. [PMID: 38051123 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00018.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart, once considered a mere blood pump, is now recognized as a multifunctional metabolic and endocrine organ. Its function is tightly regulated by various metabolic processes, at the same time it serves as an endocrine organ, secreting bioactive molecules that impact systemic metabolism. In recent years, research has shed light on the intricate interplay between the heart and other metabolic organs, such as adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle. The metabolic flexibility of the heart and its ability to switch between different energy substrates play a crucial role in maintaining cardiac function and overall metabolic homeostasis. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of how metabolic disorders disrupt cardiac metabolism is crucial, as it plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of cardiac diseases. The emerging understanding of the heart as a metabolic and endocrine organ highlights its essential contribution to whole body metabolic regulation and offers new insights into the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders. In this review, we provide an in-depth exploration of the heart's metabolic and endocrine functions, emphasizing its role in systemic metabolism and the interplay between the heart and other metabolic organs. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests a correlation between heart disease and other conditions such as aging and cancer, indicating that the metabolic dysfunction observed in these conditions may share common underlying mechanisms. By unraveling the complex mechanisms underlying cardiac metabolism, we aim to contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for metabolic diseases and improve overall cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alba C Arcones
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
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31
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Yu Q, Zhang Y, Zeng W, Sun Y, Zhang X, Guo L, Zhang Y, Yu B, Guo M, Wang Y, Li H, Suo Y, Jiang X, Song L. Buyang Huanwu Decoction Alleviates Atherosclerosis by Regulating gut Microbiome and Metabolites in Apolipoprotein E-deficient Mice fed with High-fat Diet. JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION 2024; 67:88-102. [PMID: 38780293 DOI: 10.4103/ejpi.ejpi-d-23-00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The traditional Chinese herbal prescription Buyang Huanwu decoction (BHD), effectively treats atherosclerosis. However, the mechanism of BHD in atherosclerosis remains unclear. We aimed to determine whether BHD could alleviate atherosclerosis by altering the microbiome-associated metabolic changes in atherosclerotic mice. An atherosclerotic model was established in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed high-fat diet, and BHD was administered through gavage for 12 weeks at 8.4 g/kg/d and 16.8 g/kg/d. The atherosclerotic plaque size, composition, serum lipid profile, and inflammatory cytokines, were assessed. Mechanistically, metabolomic and microbiota profiles were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, respectively. Furthermore, intestinal microbiota and atherosclerosis-related metabolic parameters were correlated using Spearman analysis. Atherosclerotic mice treated with BHD exhibited reduced plaque area, aortic lumen occlusion, and lipid accumulation in the aortic root. Nine perturbed serum metabolites were significantly restored along with the relative abundance of microbiota at the family and genus levels but not at the phylum level. Gut microbiome improvement was strongly negatively correlated with improved metabolite levels. BHD treatment effectively slows the progression of atherosclerosis by regulating altered intestinal microbiota and perturbed metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Yu
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yilin Zhang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyun Zeng
- Oncology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yingxin Sun
- School of Faculty of Health and Exercise Science, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Guo
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Maojuan Guo
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Huhu Li
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanrong Suo
- Oncology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
| | - Lili Song
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin, China
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32
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Jussila A, Zhang B, Kirti S, Atit R. Tissue fibrosis associated depletion of lipid-filled cells. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15054. [PMID: 38519432 PMCID: PMC10977660 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis is primarily described as the deposition of excessive extracellular matrix, but in many tissues it also involves a loss of lipid or lipid-filled cells. Lipid-filled cells are critical to tissue function and integrity in many tissues including the skin and lungs. Thus, loss or depletion of lipid-filled cells during fibrogenesis, has implications for tissue function. In some contexts, lipid-filled cells can impact ECM composition and stability, highlighting their importance in fibrotic transformation. Recent papers in fibrosis address this newly recognized fibrotic lipodystrophy phenomenon. Even in disparate tissues, common mechanisms are emerging to explain fibrotic lipodystrophy. These findings have implications for fibrosis in tissues composed of fibroblast and lipid-filled cell populations such as skin, lung, and liver. In this review, we will discuss the roles of lipid-containing cells, their reduction/loss during fibrotic transformation, and the mechanisms of that loss in the skin and lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jussila
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian Zhang
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sakin Kirti
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Radhika Atit
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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33
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Muñoz-Alvarez KY, Gutiérrez-Aguilar R, Frigolet ME. Metabolic effects of milk fatty acids: A literature review. NUTR BULL 2024; 49:19-39. [PMID: 38226553 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Milk and dairy products are known to have a significant role in human development and tissue maintenance due to their high nutritional value. With the higher incidence of obesity and metabolic diseases, nutrition and public health authorities have recommended the intake of fat-free or low-fat dairy due to the saturated fatty acid content of whole-fat products and their effect on serum cholesterol levels. However, recent studies have questioned the association between milk fat consumption and cardiometabolic risk. This literature review aims to compile the scientific evidence of the metabolic effects of milk fatty acids in clinical and basic research studies, as well as their relationship with metabolic disorders and gut microbiota composition. Research shows that various milk fatty acids exert effects on metabolic alterations (obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases) by modifying glucose homeostasis, inflammation and lipid profile-related factors. Additionally, recent studies have associated the consumption of milk fatty acids with the production of metabolites and the promotion of healthy gut microbiota. From mainly observational studies, evidence suggests that milk and dairy fatty acids are not directly linked to cardiometabolic risk, but further controlled research is necessary to clarify such findings and to assess whether dietary recommendations to choose low-fat dairy foods are necessary for the population for the prevention of obesity and cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Y Muñoz-Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas: Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México 'Federico Gómez' (HIMFG), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruth Gutiérrez-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas: Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México 'Federico Gómez' (HIMFG), Mexico City, Mexico
- División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María E Frigolet
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas: Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México 'Federico Gómez' (HIMFG), Mexico City, Mexico
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Alim MA, Mumu TJ, Tamanna US, Khan MM, Miah MI, Islam MS, Jesmin ZA, Khan T, Hasan MR, Alam MJ, Murtaja Reza Linkon KM, Rahman MN, Begum R, Prodhan UK. Hypolipidemic effect and modulation of hepatic enzymes by different edible oils in obese Wistar rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25880. [PMID: 38384579 PMCID: PMC10878912 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The current study assessed the hypolipidemic effect and modulation of hepatic enzymes by different edible oils in obese Wistar rats. In order to conduct this study, 36 Wistar rats that were collected at 5 weeks of age and weighed an average of 70 g were split into two groups: 28 of them were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and 8 of them were fed a control diet. After 5 weeks of feeding, rats from the HFD (obese, n = 4) and the control diet group (n = 4) were sacrificed. Subsequently, the rest of obese rats (n = 24) were separated into six groups, including the continuing high-fat (CHF) diet group, rice bran oil (RBO) diet group, olive oil (OO) diet group, soybean oil (SO) diet group, cod liver oil (CLO) diet group, and sunflower oil (SFO) diet group, and the continuing control diet group (n = 4). Rats from each group were sacrificed following an additional 5 weeks, and all analytical tests were carried out. The results found that the interventions of RBO, CLO, and SFO in obese rats reduced their body weight non-significantly when compared with CHF. It was also observed that a non-significant reduction in weight of the heart, AAT, and EAT occurred by RBO, OO, SO, and CLO, while SFO reduced the AAT level significantly (p < 0.05). Besides, RBO, OO, SO, CLO, and SFO decreased IBAT and liver fat significantly compared to CHF. Similarly, the administration of RBO, OO, SO, and CLO reduced ALT significantly. RBO reduced GGT (p < 0.05) significantly, but other oils did not. The given oil has the efficiency to reduce TC, TAG, and LDL-C but increase HDL-C significantly. These findings suggest that different edible oils can ameliorate obesity, regulate lipid profiles, and modulate hepatic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Alim
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Tarana Jannat Mumu
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
- Ahsania Mission Cancer and General Hospital, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Ummay Salma Tamanna
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
- Ibn Sina Consultation Centre, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Moin Khan
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
- SR Ingredients Ltd., Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Md Imran Miah
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
- CSF Global-Child Sight Foundation, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahikul Islam
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
- Akij Food and Beverage Ltd., Dhaka, 1208, Bangladesh
| | - Zannat Ara Jesmin
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Tayeba Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rakibul Hasan
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Md Jahangir Alam
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Khan Md Murtaja Reza Linkon
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nannur Rahman
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Rokeya Begum
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Utpal Kumar Prodhan
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, 1902, Bangladesh
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Valdés-Hernández J, Folch JM, Crespo-Piazuelo D, Passols M, Sebastià C, Criado-Mesas L, Castelló A, Sánchez A, Ramayo-Caldas Y. Identification of candidate regulatory genes for intramuscular fatty acid composition in pigs by transcriptome analysis. Genet Sel Evol 2024; 56:12. [PMID: 38347496 PMCID: PMC10860264 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-024-00882-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intramuscular fat (IMF) content and its fatty acid (FA) composition are typically controlled by several genes, each with a small effect. In the current study, to pinpoint candidate genes and putative regulators involved in FA composition, we performed a multivariate integrative analysis between intramuscular FA and transcriptome profiles of porcine longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle. We also carried out a combination of network, regulatory impact factor (RIF), in silico prediction of putative target genes, and functional analyses to better support the biological relevance of our findings. RESULTS For this purpose, we used LD RNA-Seq and intramuscular FA composition profiles of 129 Iberian × Duroc backcrossed pigs. We identified 378 correlated variables (13 FA and 365 genes), including six FA (C20:4n-6, C18:2n-6, C20:3n-6, C18:1n-9, C18:0, and C16:1n-7) that were among the most interconnected variables in the predicted network. The detected FA-correlated genes include genes involved in lipid and/or carbohydrate metabolism or in regulation of IMF deposition (e.g., ADIPOQ, CHUK, CYCS, CYP4B1, DLD, ELOVL6, FBP1, G0S2, GCLC, HMGCR, IDH3A, LEP, LGALS12, LPIN1, PLIN1, PNPLA8, PPP1R1B, SDR16C5, SFRP5, SOD3, SNW1, and TFRC), meat quality (GALNT15, GOT1, MDH1, NEU3, PDHA1, SDHD, and UNC93A), and transport (e.g., EXOC7 and SLC44A2). Functional analysis highlighted 54 over-represented gene ontology terms, including well-known biological processes and pathways that regulate lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. RIF analysis suggested a pivotal role for six transcription factors (CARHSP1, LBX1, MAFA, PAX7, SIX5, and TADA2A) as putative regulators of gene expression and intramuscular FA composition. Based on in silico prediction, we identified putative target genes for these six regulators. Among these, TADA2A and CARHSP1 had extreme RIF scores and present novel regulators in pigs. In addition, the expression of TADA2A correlated (either positively or negatively) with C20:4n-6, C18:2n-6, C20:3n-6, C18:1n-9, and that of CARHSP1 correlated (positively) with the C16:1n-7 lipokine. We also found that these two transcription factors share target genes that are involved in lipid metabolism (e.g., GOT1, PLIN1, and TFRC). CONCLUSIONS This integrative analysis of muscle transcriptome and intramuscular FA profile revealed valuable information about key candidate genes and potential regulators for FA and lipid metabolism in pigs, among which some transcription factors are proposed to control gene expression and modulate FA composition differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Valdés-Hernández
- Plant and Animal Genomics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Spain.
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Josep M Folch
- Plant and Animal Genomics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Daniel Crespo-Piazuelo
- Departament de Genètica i Millora Animal, Institut de Recerca y Tecnologia Agraroalimentàries (IRTA), Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Magí Passols
- Plant and Animal Genomics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Cristina Sebastià
- Plant and Animal Genomics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lourdes Criado-Mesas
- Plant and Animal Genomics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Anna Castelló
- Plant and Animal Genomics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Armand Sánchez
- Plant and Animal Genomics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Yuliaxis Ramayo-Caldas
- Departament de Genètica i Millora Animal, Institut de Recerca y Tecnologia Agraroalimentàries (IRTA), Caldes de Montbui, Spain.
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Hu AJ, Li W, Dinh C, Zhang Y, Hu JK, Daniele SG, Hou X, Yang Z, Asara JM, Hu GF, Farmer SR, Hu MG. CDK6 inhibits de novo lipogenesis in white adipose tissues but not in the liver. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1091. [PMID: 38316780 PMCID: PMC10844593 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45294-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in white adipose tissue is associated with insulin sensitivity. Under both Normal-Chow-Diet and High-Fat-Diet, mice expressing a kinase inactive Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (Cdk6) allele (K43M) display an increase in DNL in visceral white adipose tissues (VAT) as compared to wild type mice (WT), accompanied by markedly increased lipogenic transcriptional factor Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding proteins (CHREBP) and lipogenic enzymes in VAT but not in the liver. Treatment of WT mice under HFD with a CDK6 inhibitor recapitulates the phenotypes observed in K43M mice. Mechanistically, CDK6 phosphorylates AMP-activated protein kinase, leading to phosphorylation and inactivation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, a key enzyme in DNL. CDK6 also phosphorylates CHREBP thus preventing its entry into the nucleus. Ablation of runt related transcription factor 1 in K43M mature adipocytes reverses most of the phenotypes observed in K43M mice. These results demonstrate a role of CDK6 in DNL and a strategy to alleviate metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Hu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Calvin Dinh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yongzhao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jamie K Hu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Dermatology. 1295 NW 14th St. University of Miami Hospital South Bldg. Suites K-M, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Stefano G Daniele
- Yale School of Medicine, MD-PhD program, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiaoli Hou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Center for Analysis and Testing, 548 Bin-Wen Road, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zixuan Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- TUFTS University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, TUFTS University, 150 Harrison Avenue, MA, Boston, USA
| | - John M Asara
- Division of Signal Transduction, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guo-Fu Hu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen R Farmer
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, 72E Concord St, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miaofen G Hu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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Deng R, Zheng Z, Hu S, Wang M, Feng J, Mattjus P, Zhang Z, Zhang Y. Loss of Nrf1 rather than Nrf2 leads to inflammatory accumulation of lipids and reactive oxygen species in human hepatoma cells, which is alleviated by 2-bromopalmitate. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119644. [PMID: 37996059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Since Nrf1 and Nrf2 are essential for regulating the lipid metabolism pathways, their dysregulation has thus been shown to be critically involved in the non-controllable inflammatory transformation into cancer. Herein, we have explored the molecular mechanisms underlying their distinct regulation of lipid metabolism, by comparatively analyzing the changes in those lipid metabolism-related genes in Nrf1α-/- and/or Nrf2-/- cell lines relative to wild-type controls. The results revealed that loss of Nrf1α leads to lipid metabolism disorders. That is, its lipid synthesis pathway was up-regulated by the JNK-Nrf2-AP1 signaling, while its lipid decomposition pathway was down-regulated by the nuclear receptor PPAR-PGC1 signaling, thereby resulting in severe accumulation of lipids as deposited in lipid droplets. By contrast, knockout of Nrf2 gave rise to decreases in lipid synthesis and uptake capacity. These demonstrate that Nrf1 and Nrf2 contribute to significant differences in the cellular lipid metabolism profiles and relevant pathological responses. Further experimental evidence unraveled that lipid deposition in Nrf1α-/- cells resulted from CD36 up-regulation by activating the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway, leading to abnormal activation of the inflammatory response. This was also accompanied by a series of adverse consequences, e.g., accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Nrf1α-/- cells. Interestingly, treatment of Nrf1α-/- cells with 2-bromopalmitate (2BP) enabled the yield of lipid droplets to be strikingly alleviated, as accompanied by substantial abolishment of CD36 and critical inflammatory cytokines. Such Nrf1α-/- -led inflammatory accumulation of lipids, as well as ROS, was significantly ameliorated by 2BP. Overall, this study provides a potential strategy for cancer prevention and treatment by precision targeting of Nrf1, Nrf2 alone or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhen Deng
- Bioengineering College and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China; Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing 402260, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ze Zheng
- Bioengineering College and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Shaofan Hu
- Bioengineering College and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China; Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing 402260, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Bioengineering College and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Bioengineering College and Graduate School, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Peter Mattjus
- Department of biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Artillerigatan 6A, III, BioCity, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Zhengwen Zhang
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, England, United Kingdom
| | - Yiguo Zhang
- Chongqing University Jiangjin Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, No. 725 Jiangzhou Avenue, Dingshan Street, Jiangjin District, Chongqing 402260, China; The Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Topogenetic Regulation, College of Bioengineering and Faculty of Medical Sciences, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China.
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Calarnou L, Vigouroux E, Thollas B, Le Grand F, Mounier J. Screening for the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids and cerebrosides in fungi. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae030. [PMID: 38323436 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate fatty acid, including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and cerebroside production of a large diversity of fungi from the Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Mucoromycota phyla. METHODS AND RESULTS Seventy-nine fungal strains were grown in Kavadia medium using a microcultivation system, i.e. Duetz microtiter plates. Following cultivation, fatty acid and cerebroside contents were analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), respectively. Mucoromycota fungi appeared as the most promising candidates for omega-6 PUFA production. The best omega-6 producer, including γ-linolenic acid (GLA, 18:3n-6), was Mucor fragilis UBOCC-A109196 with a concentration of 647 mg L-1 total omega-6 PUFA (representing 35% of total fatty acids) and 225 mg L-1 GLA (representing 12% of total fatty acids). Arachidonic acid concentration (20:4n-6) was the highest in Mortierella alpina UBOCC-A-112046, reaching 255 mg L-1 and 18.56% of total fatty acids. Interestingly, several fungal strains were shown to produce omega-7 monounsaturated fatty acids. Indeed, Torulaspora delbrueckii strains accumulated palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7) up to 20% of total fatty acids, reaching 114 mg L-1 in T. delbrueckii UBOCC-A-214128, while C. elegans UBOCC-A-102008 produced mainly paullinic acid (20:1n-7) with concentrations up to 100 mg L-1. Concerning cerebroside production, HPTLC appeared as a relevant approach for their detection and quantification. Promising candidates belonging to the Mucoromycota phylum were found, especially in the Absidia genus with A. spinosa UBOCC-A-101332 as the best producer (12.7 mg L-1). CONCLUSIONS The present study highlighted PUFA and cerebroside production in a large diversity of fungi and the fact that members of the Mucoromycota phylum are good producers of PUFA as well as cerebrosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Calarnou
- Univ Brest, INRAE, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, F-29280 Plouzané, France
- Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Estelle Vigouroux
- Univ Brest, INRAE, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Bertrand Thollas
- Polymaris Biotechnology, 160 rue Pierre Rivoalon, 29200 Brest, France
| | | | - Jérôme Mounier
- Univ Brest, INRAE, Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne, F-29280 Plouzané, France
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Cetin E, Pedersen B, Porter LM, Adler GK, Burak MF. Protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial using pure palmitoleic acid to ameliorate insulin resistance and lipogenesis in overweight and obese subjects with prediabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1306528. [PMID: 38313838 PMCID: PMC10835623 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1306528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Palmitoleic acid (POA), a nonessential, monounsaturated omega-7 fatty acid (C16:1n7), is a lipid hormone secreted from adipose tissue and has beneficial effects on distant organs, such as the liver and muscle. Interestingly, POA decreases lipogenesis in toxic storage sites such as the liver and muscle, and paradoxically increases lipogenesis in safe storage sites, such as adipose tissue. Furthermore, higher POA levels in humans are correlated with better insulin sensitivity, an improved lipid profile, and a lower incidence of type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular pathologies, such as myocardial infarction. In preclinical animal models, POA improves glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and steatosis of the muscle and liver, while improving insulin sensitivity and secretion. This double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial tests the hypothesis that POA increases insulin sensitivity and decreases hepatic lipogenesis in overweight and obese adult subjects with pre-diabetes. Important to note, that this is the first study ever to use pure (>90%) POA with < 0.3% palmitic acid (PA), which masks the beneficial effects of POA. The possible positive findings may offer a therapeutic and/or preventative pathway against diabetes and related immunometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecesu Cetin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Brian Pedersen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lindsey M. Porter
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gail K. Adler
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mehmet Furkan Burak
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Sabri Ulker Center, Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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40
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Yu Q, Yang Y, Xu T, Cai Y, Yang Z, Yuan F. Palmitoleic acid protects microglia from palmitate-induced neurotoxicity in vitro. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297031. [PMID: 38241239 PMCID: PMC10798504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Although palmitoleic acid (POA) is a lipokine with beneficial effects on obesity and is produced as a byproduct from the manufacture of prescription omega-3 fatty acids, its role in nervous system inflammation is still unknown. This study aims to examine the mechanisms and protective effects of POA against palmitic acid (PA)-induced microglial death. PA-induced microglial death was used as a model for POA intervention. Various inhibitors were employed to suppress potential routes of PA entry into the cell. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting were conducted to elucidate the protective pathways involved. The results suggest POA has the potential to eliminate PA-induced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, which decreases the overall number of propidium iodide (PI)-positive cells compared with control. Moreover, POA has the potential to significantly increase lipid droplets (LDs) in the cytoplasm, without causing any lysosomal damage. POA inhibited both canonical and non-canonical gasdermin D (GSDMD)-mediated pyroptosis and gasdermin E (GSDME)-mediated pyroptosis, which PA typically induces. Additionally, POA inhibited the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis-related proteins induced by PA. Based on the findings, POA can exert a protective effect on microglial death induced by PA via pathways related to pyroptosis, apoptosis, ER stress, and LDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingting Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Yanzhuo Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | | | - Zuisu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Falei Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
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Scott JS, Quek LE, Hoy AJ, Swinnen JV, Nassar ZD, Butler LM. Fatty acid elongation regulates mitochondrial β-oxidation and cell viability in prostate cancer by controlling malonyl-CoA levels. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 691:149273. [PMID: 38029544 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the fatty acid elongation enzyme ELOVL5 was identified as a critical pro-metastatic factor in prostate cancer, required for cell growth and mitochondrial homeostasis. The fatty acid elongation reaction catalyzed by ELOVL5 utilizes malonyl-CoA as the carbon donor. Here, we demonstrate that ELOVL5 knockdown causes malonyl-CoA accumulation. Malonyl-CoA is a cellular substrate that can inhibit fatty acid β-oxidation in the mitochondria through allosteric inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), the enzyme that controls the rate-limiting step of the long chain fatty acid β-oxidation cycle. We hypothesized that changes in malonyl-CoA abundance following ELOVL5 knockdown could influence mitochondrial β-oxidation rates in prostate cancer cells, and regulate cell viability. Accordingly, we find that ELOVL5 knockdown is associated with decreased mitochondrial β-oxidation in prostate cancer cells. Combining ELOVL5 knockdown with FASN inhibition to increase malonyl-CoA abundance endogenously enhances the effect of ELOVL5 knockdown on prostate cancer cell viability, while preventing malonyl-CoA production rescues the cells from the effect of ELOVL5 knockdown. Our findings indicate an additional role for fatty acid elongation, in the control of malonyl-CoA homeostasis, alongside its established role in the production of long-chain fatty acid species, to explain the importance of fatty acid elongation for cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Scott
- South Australian ImmunoGENomics Cancer Institute, Adelaide Medical School and Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia; Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Lake-Ee Quek
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Andrew J Hoy
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Johannes V Swinnen
- LKI - Leuven Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, KU Leuven, Leuven, B-3000, Belgium
| | - Zeyad D Nassar
- South Australian ImmunoGENomics Cancer Institute, Adelaide Medical School and Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia; Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Lisa M Butler
- South Australian ImmunoGENomics Cancer Institute, Adelaide Medical School and Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia; Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
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Worthmann A, Ridder J, Piel SYL, Evangelakos I, Musfeldt M, Voß H, O'Farrell M, Fischer AW, Adak S, Sundd M, Siffeti H, Haumann F, Kloth K, Bierhals T, Heine M, Pertzborn P, Pauly M, Scholz JJ, Kundu S, Fuh MM, Neu A, Tödter K, Hempel M, Knippschild U, Semenkovich CF, Schlüter H, Heeren J, Scheja L, Kubisch C, Schlein C. Fatty acid synthesis suppresses dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid use. Nat Commun 2024; 15:45. [PMID: 38167725 PMCID: PMC10762034 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are increasingly recognized for their health benefits, whereas a high production of endogenous fatty acids - a process called de novo lipogenesis (DNL) - is closely linked to metabolic diseases. Determinants of PUFA incorporation into complex lipids are insufficiently understood and may influence the onset and progression of metabolic diseases. Here we show that fatty acid synthase (FASN), the key enzyme of DNL, critically determines the use of dietary PUFA in mice and humans. Moreover, the combination of FASN inhibition and PUFA-supplementation decreases liver triacylglycerols (TAG) in mice fed with high-fat diet. Mechanistically, FASN inhibition causes higher PUFA uptake via the lysophosphatidylcholine transporter MFSD2A, and a diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2)-dependent incorporation of PUFA into TAG. Overall, the outcome of PUFA supplementation may depend on the degree of endogenous DNL and combining PUFA supplementation and FASN inhibition might be a promising approach to target metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Worthmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julius Ridder
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sharlaine Y L Piel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ioannis Evangelakos
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melina Musfeldt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hannah Voß
- Section / Core Facility Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marie O'Farrell
- Sagimet Biosciences Inc., 155 Bovet Rd., San Mateo, CA, 94402, USA
| | - Alexander W Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sangeeta Adak
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Monica Sundd
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Hasibullah Siffeti
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friederike Haumann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katja Kloth
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tatjana Bierhals
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Heine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paul Pertzborn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mira Pauly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia-Josefine Scholz
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Suman Kundu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021 and Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus, Goa, 403726, India
| | - Marceline M Fuh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Axel Neu
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Tödter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maja Hempel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 440, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Clay F Semenkovich
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hartmut Schlüter
- Section / Core Facility Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ludger Scheja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Kubisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schlein
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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43
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Tang Y, Ou G, Rang O, Liu X, Liu X, Qin X, Li G, Yang Q, Wang M. Widely targeted quantitative lipidomics reveal lipid remodeling in adipose tissue after long term of the combined exposure to bisphenol A and fructose. Hum Exp Toxicol 2024; 43:9603271241232609. [PMID: 38320548 DOI: 10.1177/09603271241232609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is the main organ that stores lipids and it plays important roles in metabolic balance in the body. We recently reported in Human and Experimental Toxicology that the combined exposure to BPA and fructose may interfere with energy metabolism of adipose tissue. However, it is still unclear whether the combined exposure to BPA and fructose has the possibility to induce lipid remodeling in adipose tissue. In the present study, we performed a widely targeted quantitative lipidomic analysis of the adipose tissue of rats after 6 months of BPA and fructose combined exposure. We totally determined 734 lipid molecules in the adipose tissue of rats. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed the group of the combined exposure to higher-dose (25 μg/kg every other day) BPA and fructose can be distinguished from the groups of control, higher-dose BPA exposure and fructose exposure clearly. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and univariate statistical analysis displayed lipids of PC(18:0_ 20:3), TG(8:0_14:0_16:0), TG(12:0_14:0_16:1), TG(10:0_16:0_16:1), TG(12:0_ 14:0_18:1), TG(14:0_ 16:0_16:1), TG(14:0_14:1_16:1), TG(8:0_ 16:1_16:2), TG(14:1_16:1_ 16:1), TG(16:1_18:1_18:1), TG(16:0_16:1_20:4) and TG(15:0_18:1_ 24:1) may contributed the most to the discrimination. These findings indicated that combined exposure to BPA and fructose has the potential to cause lipid remodeling in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Tang
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory of Clinical Research Institute and Department of Basic Medicine of Nuclear Industrial Hygiene School, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Guifang Ou
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory of Clinical Research Institute and Department of Basic Medicine of Nuclear Industrial Hygiene School, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Ouyan Rang
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory of Clinical Research Institute and Department of Basic Medicine of Nuclear Industrial Hygiene School, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory of Clinical Research Institute and Department of Basic Medicine of Nuclear Industrial Hygiene School, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiaocheng Liu
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory of Clinical Research Institute and Department of Basic Medicine of Nuclear Industrial Hygiene School, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xinru Qin
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory of Clinical Research Institute and Department of Basic Medicine of Nuclear Industrial Hygiene School, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Guojuan Li
- Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory of Clinical Research Institute and Department of Basic Medicine of Nuclear Industrial Hygiene School, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Mu Wang
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Laboratory of Clinical Research Institute and Department of Basic Medicine of Nuclear Industrial Hygiene School, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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44
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Moholdt T, Stanford KI. Exercised breastmilk: a kick-start to prevent childhood obesity? Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:23-30. [PMID: 37735048 PMCID: PMC11005327 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Exercise has systemic health benefits through effects on multiple tissues, with intertissue communication. Recent studies indicate that exercise may improve breastmilk composition and thereby reduce the intergenerational transmission of obesity. Even if breastmilk is considered optimal infant nutrition, there is evidence for variations in its composition between mothers who are normal weight, those with obesity, and those who are physically active. Nutrition early in life is important for later-life susceptibility to obesity and other metabolic diseases, and maternal exercise may provide protection against the development of metabolic disease. Here we summarize recent research on the influence of maternal obesity on breastmilk composition and discuss the potential role of exercise-induced adaptations to breastmilk as a kick-start to prevent childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Moholdt
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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Qian X, Lei H, Zhou X, Zhang L, Cui W, Zhou J, Xin F, Dong W, Jiang M, Ochsenreither K. Engineering Scheffersomyces segobiensis for palmitoleic acid-rich lipid production. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14301. [PMID: 37351580 PMCID: PMC10832558 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Palmitoleic acid (POA; C16:1) is an essential high-value ω-7-conjugated fatty acid with beneficial bioactivities and potential applications in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. Previously, the oleaginous yeast Scheffersomyces segobiensis DSM27193 has been identified as a promising production host as an alternative for POA extraction from plant or animal sources. Here, the POA-producing capacity of this host was further expanded by optimizing the fermentation process and molecular strain engineering. Specifically, a dual fermentation strategy (O-S dynamic regulation strategy) focused on the substrate and dissolved oxygen concentration was designed to eliminate ethanol and pyruvate accumulation during fermentation. Key genes influencing POA production, such as jen, dgat, ole were identified on the transcriptional level and were subsequently over-expressed. Furthermore, the phosphoketolase (Xpk)/phosphotransacetylase (Pta) pathway was introduced to improve the yield of the precursor acetyl-CoA from glucose. The resulting cell factory SS-12 produced 7.3 g/L of POA, corresponding to an 11-fold increase compared to the wild type, presenting the highest POA titre reported using oleaginous yeast to date. An economic evaluation based on the raw materials, utilities and facility-dependent costs showed that microbial POA production using S. segobiensis can supersede the current extraction method from plant oil and marine fish. This study reports the construction of a promising cell factory and an effective microbial fermentation strategy for commercial POA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Qian
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Huirui Lei
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Xinhai Zhou
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Wenxing Cui
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Fengxue Xin
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials‐Oriented Chemical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Weiliang Dong
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials‐Oriented Chemical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Min Jiang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials‐Oriented Chemical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingP. R. China
| | - Katrin Ochsenreither
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Section II: Technical BiologyKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruheGermany
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46
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Medina A, Bruno J, Alemán JO. Metabolic flux analysis in adipose tissue reprogramming. IMMUNOMETABOLISM (COBHAM, SURREY) 2024; 6:e00039. [PMID: 38455681 PMCID: PMC10916752 DOI: 10.1097/in9.0000000000000039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a growing epidemic in the United States and worldwide and is associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease, among other comorbidities. Understanding of the pathology that links overnutrition to these disease processes is ongoing. Adipose tissue is a heterogeneous organ comprised of multiple different cell types and it is likely that dysregulated metabolism within these cell populations disrupts both inter- and intracellular interactions and is a key driver of human disease. In recent years, metabolic flux analysis, which offers a precise quantification of metabolic pathway fluxes in biological systems, has emerged as a candidate strategy for uncovering the metabolic changes that stoke these disease processes. In this mini review, we discuss metabolic flux analysis as an experimental tool, with a specific emphasis on mass spectrometry with isotope tracing as this is the technique most frequently used for metabolic flux analysis in adipocytes. Furthermore, we examine existing literature that uses metabolic flux analysis to further our understanding of adipose tissue biology. Our group has a specific interest in understanding the role of white adipose tissue inflammation in the progression of cardiometabolic disease, as we know that in obesity the accumulation of pro-inflammatory adipose tissue macrophages is associated with significant morbidity, so we use this as a paradigm throughout our review for framing the application of these experimental techniques. However, there are many other biological applications to which they can be applied to further understanding of not only adipose tissue biology but also systemic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Medina
- Laboratory of Translational Obesity Research, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joanne Bruno
- Laboratory of Translational Obesity Research, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - José O. Alemán
- Laboratory of Translational Obesity Research, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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47
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Engin A. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Staging of Hepatic Fibrosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:539-574. [PMID: 39287864 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is in parallel with the obesity epidemic, and it is the most common cause of liver diseases. The patients with severe insulin-resistant diabetes having high body mass index (BMI), high-grade adipose tissue insulin resistance, and high hepatocellular triacylglycerols (triglycerides; TAG) content develop hepatic fibrosis within a 5-year follow-up. Insulin resistance with the deficiency of insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2)-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activity causes an increase in intracellular fatty acid-derived metabolites such as diacylglycerol (DAG), fatty acyl CoA, or ceramides. Lipotoxicity-related mechanism of NAFLD could be explained still best by the "double-hit" hypothesis. Insulin resistance is the major mechanism in the development and progression of NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Metabolic oxidative stress, autophagy, and inflammation induce NASH progression. In the "first hit" the hepatic concentrations of diacylglycerol increase with an increase in saturated liver fat content in human NAFLD. Activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes are decreased in the liver tissue of patients with NASH. Hepatocyte lipoapoptosis is a critical feature of NASH. In the "second hit," reduced glutathione levels due to oxidative stress lead to the overactivation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/c-Jun signaling that induces cell death in the steatotic liver. Accumulation of toxic levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is caused at least by two ineffectual cyclical pathways. First is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) oxidoreductin (Ero1)-protein disulfide isomerase oxidation cycle through the downstream of the inner membrane mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and the second is the Kelch like-ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) pathways. In clinical practice, on ultrasonographic examination, the elevation of transaminases, γ-glutamyltransferase, and the aspartate transaminase to platelet ratio index indicates NAFLD. Fibrosis-4 index, NAFLD fibrosis score, and cytokeratin18 are used for grading steatosis, staging fibrosis, and discriminating the NASH from simple steatosis, respectively. In addition to ultrasonography, "controlled attenuation parameter," "magnetic resonance imaging proton-density fat fraction," "ultrasound-based elastography," "magnetic resonance elastography," "acoustic radiation force impulse elastography imaging," "two-dimensional shear-wave elastography with supersonic imagine," and "vibration-controlled transient elastography" are recommended as combined tests with serum markers in the clinical evaluation of NAFLD. However, to confirm the diagnosis of NAFLD, a liver biopsy is the gold standard. Insulin resistance-associated hyperinsulinemia directly accelerates fibrogenesis during NAFLD development. Although hepatocyte lipoapoptosis is a key driving force of fibrosis progression, hepatic stellate cells and extracellular matrix cells are major fibrogenic effectors. Thereby, these are pharmacological targets of therapies in developing hepatic fibrosis. Nonpharmacological management of NAFLD mainly consists of two alternatives: lifestyle modification and metabolic surgery. Many pharmacological agents that are thought to be effective in the treatment of NAFLD have been tried, but due to lack of ability to attenuate NAFLD, or adverse effects during the phase trials, the vast majority could not be licensed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.
- Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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48
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Yilmaz E. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Obesity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:373-390. [PMID: 39287859 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the world has seen an alarming increase in obesity and is closely associated with insulin resistance, which is a state of low-grade inflammation, the latter characterized by elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in blood and tissues. A shift in energy balance alters systemic metabolic regulation and the important role that chronic inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dysfunction, and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) plays in this process.Why obesity is so closely associated with insulin resistance and inflammation is not understood well. This suggests that there are probably many causes for obesity-related insulin resistance and inflammation. One of the faulty mechanisms is protein homeostasis, protein quality control system included protein folding, chaperone activity, and ER-associated degradation leading to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.The ER is a vast membranous network responsible for the trafficking of a wide range of proteins and plays a central role in integrating multiple metabolic signals critical in cellular homeostasis. Conditions that may trigger unfolded protein response activation include increased protein synthesis, the presence of mutant or misfolded proteins, inhibition of protein glycosylation, imbalance of ER calcium levels, glucose and energy deprivation, hypoxia, pathogens, or pathogen-associated components and toxins. Thus, characterizing the mechanisms contributing to obesity and identifying potential targets for its prevention and treatment will have a great impact on the control of associated conditions, particularly T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Yilmaz
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Kecioren, Ankara, Turkey.
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49
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Sun Q, Xing X, Wang H, Wan K, Fan R, Liu C, Wang Y, Wu W, Wang Y, Wang R. SCD1 is the critical signaling hub to mediate metabolic diseases: Mechanism and the development of its inhibitors. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115586. [PMID: 38042113 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, featured with dysregulated energy homeostasis, have become major global health challenges. Patients with metabolic diseases have high probability to manifest multiple complications in lipid metabolism, e.g. obesity, insulin resistance and fatty liver. Therefore, targeting the hub genes in lipid metabolism may systemically ameliorate the metabolic diseases, along with the complications. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1(SCD1) is a key enzyme that desaturates the saturated fatty acids (SFAs) derived from de novo lipogenesis or diet to generate monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). SCD1 maintains the metabolic and tissue homeostasis by responding to, and integrating the multiple layers of endogenous stimuli, which is mediated by the synthesized MUFAs. It critically regulates a myriad of physiological processes, including energy homeostasis, development, autophagy, tumorigenesis and inflammation. Aberrant transcriptional and epigenetic activation of SCD1 regulates AMPK/ACC, SIRT1/PGC1α, NcDase/Wnt, etc, and causes aberrant lipid accumulation, thereby promoting the progression of obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver, diabetes and cancer. This review critically assesses the integrative mechanisms of the (patho)physiological functions of SCD1 in metabolic homeostasis, inflammation and autophagy. For translational perspective, potent SCD1 inhibitors have been developed to treat various types of cancer. We thus discuss the multidisciplinary advances that greatly accelerate the development of SCD1 new inhibitors. In conclusion, besides cancer treatment, SCD1 may serve as the promising target to combat multiple metabolic complications simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Sun
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaorui Xing
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Huanyu Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Kang Wan
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ruobing Fan
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yongjian Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wenyi Wu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Ru Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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50
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Zhou C, Ruiz HH, Ling L, Maurizi G, Sakamoto K, Liberini CG, Wang L, Stanley A, Egritag HE, Sanz SM, Lindtner C, Butera MA, Buettner C. Sympathetic overdrive and unrestrained adipose lipolysis drive alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis in rodents. Mol Metab 2023; 78:101813. [PMID: 37777008 PMCID: PMC10590866 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatic steatosis is a key initiating event in the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), the most detrimental organ damage resulting from alcohol use disorder. However, the mechanisms by which alcohol induces steatosis remain incompletely understood. We have previously found that alcohol binging impairs brain insulin action, resulting in increased adipose tissue lipolysis by unrestraining sympathetic nervous system (SNS) outflow. Here, we examined whether an impaired brain-SNS-adipose tissue axis drives hepatic steatosis through unrestrained adipose tissue lipolysis and increased lipid flux to the liver. METHODS We examined the role of lipolysis, and the brain-SNS-adipose tissue axis and stress in alcohol induced hepatic triglyceride accumulation in a series of rodent models: pharmacological inhibition of the negative regulator of insulin signaling protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1β (PTP1b) in the rat brain, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) knockout mice as a pharmacogenetic model of sympathectomy, adipocyte specific adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) knockout mice, wildtype (WT) mice treated with β3 adrenergic agonist or undergoing restraint stress. RESULTS Intracerebral administration of a PTP1b inhibitor, inhibition of adipose tissue lipolysis and reduction of sympathetic outflow ameliorated alcohol induced steatosis. Conversely, induction of adipose tissue lipolysis through β3 adrenergic agonism or by restraint stress worsened alcohol induced steatosis. CONCLUSIONS Brain insulin resistance through upregulation of PTP1b, increased sympathetic activity, and unrestrained adipose tissue lipolysis are key drivers of alcoholic steatosis. Targeting these drivers of steatosis may provide effective therapeutic strategies to ameliorate ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxue Zhou
- Department of Medicine and Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Henry H Ruiz
- Department of Medicine and Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Li Ling
- Department of Medicine and Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giulia Maurizi
- Department of Medicine and Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenichi Sakamoto
- Department of Medicine and Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Claudia G Liberini
- Department of Medicine and Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Medicine and Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adrien Stanley
- Department of Medicine and Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hale E Egritag
- Department of Medicine and Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sofia M Sanz
- Department of Medicine and Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claudia Lindtner
- Department of Medicine and Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary A Butera
- Department of Medicine and Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Christoph Buettner
- Department of Medicine and Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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