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Mohammed S, Aburabie J, Hashaikeh R. A review on the potential of cellulose nanomaterials for the development of thin film composite polyamide membranes for water treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142927. [PMID: 39048049 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Membrane-based separation technologies have drawn significant interest because of their compactness, low energy consumption, and ability to be easily integrated with existing processes. There has been significant interest in the utilization of natural materials derived from sustainable and renewable resources for membrane fabrication. Cellulose is one of the promising polymers which has been extensively studied in membrane fabrication and modification due to its abundant availability, non-toxicity and biodegradability. While there have been several reviews in recent years separately on TFC membranes and cellulose-based materials for different applications, reviews exclusively focusing on cellulosic nanomaterials-based TFC membranes are still lacking. This review provides an overview of the types of cellulose nanomaterials exploited for the development and modification of TFC membranes, particularly those used for desalination and wastewater treatment. We have presented a brief description of cellulose-based nanomaterials followed by a detailed discussion of different studies addressing each cellulose nanomaterial separately. In addition, we have summarized the performance of different studies in the literature, paying particular attention to the enhancement achieved by the incorporation of cellulose nanomaterial in the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabin Mohammed
- NYUAD Water Research Center, Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jamaliah Aburabie
- NYUAD Water Research Center, Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Raed Hashaikeh
- NYUAD Water Research Center, Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates.
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Liu S, Sun M, Wu C, Zhu K, Hu Y, Shan M, Wang M, Wu K, Wu J, Xie Z, Tang H. Fabrication of Loose Nanofiltration Membrane by Crosslinking TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers for Effective Dye/Salt Separation. Molecules 2024; 29:2246. [PMID: 38792108 PMCID: PMC11123938 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Dye/salt separation has gained increasing attention in recent years, prompting the quest to find cost-effective and environmentally friendly raw materials for synthesizing high performance nanofiltration (NF) membrane for effective dye/salt separation. Herein, a high-performance loose-structured NF membrane was fabricated via a simple vacuum filtration method using a green nanomaterial, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxide radical (TEMPO)-oxidized cellulose nanofiber (TOCNF), by sequentially filtrating larger-sized and finer-sized TOCNFs on a microporous substrate, followed by crosslinking with trimesoyl chloride. The resulting TCM membrane possessed a separating layer composed entirely of pure TOCNF, eliminating the need for other polymer or nanomaterial additives. TCM membranes exhibit high performance and effective dye/salt selectivity. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis shows that the TCM membrane with the Fine-TOCNF layer has a tight layered structure. Further characterizations via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the presence of functional groups and chemical bonds of the crosslinked membrane. Notably, the optimized TCM-5 membrane exhibits a rejection rate of over 99% for various dyes (Congo red and orange yellow) and 14.2% for NaCl, showcasing a potential candidate for efficient dye wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China; (S.L.); (M.S.); (C.W.); (K.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (K.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Mei Sun
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China; (S.L.); (M.S.); (C.W.); (K.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (K.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Can Wu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China; (S.L.); (M.S.); (C.W.); (K.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (K.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Kaixuan Zhu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China; (S.L.); (M.S.); (C.W.); (K.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (K.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Ying Hu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China; (S.L.); (M.S.); (C.W.); (K.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (K.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Meng Shan
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China; (S.L.); (M.S.); (C.W.); (K.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (K.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China; (S.L.); (M.S.); (C.W.); (K.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (K.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Kai Wu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China; (S.L.); (M.S.); (C.W.); (K.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (K.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Jingyi Wu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China; (S.L.); (M.S.); (C.W.); (K.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (K.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Zongli Xie
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Private Bag 10, Clayton South, VIC 3169, Australia
| | - Hai Tang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China; (S.L.); (M.S.); (C.W.); (K.Z.); (Y.H.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (K.W.); (J.W.)
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Zubair M, Yasir M, Ponnamma D, Mazhar H, Sedlarik V, Hawari AH, Al-Harthi MA, Al-Ejji M. Recent advances in nanocellulose-based two-dimensional nanostructured membranes for sustainable water purification: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 329:121775. [PMID: 38286528 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Nanocellulose (NC), a one-dimensional nanomaterial, is considered a sustainable material for water and wastewater purification because of its promising hydrophilic surface and mechanical characteristics. In this regard, nanostructured membranes comprising NC and two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials emerged as advanced membranes for efficient and sustainable water purification. This article critically reviews the recent progress on NC-2D nanostructured membranes for water and wastewater treatment. The review highlights the main techniques employed to fabricate NC-2D nanostructured membranes. The physicochemical properties, including hydrophilicity, percent porosity, surface roughness, structure, and mechanical and thermal stability, are summarized. The key performance indicators such as permeability, rejection, long operation stability, antifouling, and interaction mechanisms are thoroughly discussed to evaluate the role of NC and 2D nanomaterials. Finally, summary points and future development work are highlighted to overcome the challenges for potential practical applications. This review contributes to the design and development of advanced membranes to solve growing water pollution concerns in a sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukarram Zubair
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Yasir
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Třída Tomáše Bati 5678, 76001 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Deepalekshmi Ponnamma
- Materials Science and Technology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hassam Mazhar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vladimir Sedlarik
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Třída Tomáše Bati 5678, 76001 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Alaa H Hawari
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mamdouh Ahmed Al-Harthi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Refining & Advanced Chemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam Al-Ejji
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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Zhang S, Zhu G, Xu X, Luo F, Tian D, Liu Y, Wang Q, Chen Q, Jiang Y, Qi J, Xu J, Wu F, Feng X, Tang Q, Guo W, Lu Y. Two all-biomass cellulose/amino acid spherical nanoadsorbents based on a tri-aldehyde spherical nanocellulose II amino acid premodification platform for the efficient removal of Cr(VI) and Cu(II). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128748. [PMID: 38104693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Adsorbents consisting of spherical nanoparticles exhibit superior adsorption performance and hence, have immense potential for various applications. In this study, a tri-aldehyde spherical nanoadsorbent premodification platform (CTNAP), which can be grafted with various amino acids, was synthesized from corn stalk. Subsequently, two all-biomass spherical nanoadsorbents, namely, cellulose/l-lysine (CTNAP-Lys) and cellulose/L-cysteine (CTNAP-Cys), were prepared. The morphologies as well as chemical and crystal structures of the two adsorbents were studied in detail. Notably, the synthesized adsorbents exhibited two important characteristics, namely, a spherical nanoparticle morphology and cellulose II crystal structure, which significantly enhanced their adsorption performance. The mechanism of the adsorption of Cr(VI) onto CTNAP-Lys and that of Cu(II) onto CTNAP-Cys were studied in detail, and the adsorption capacities were determined to be as high as 361.69 (Cr(VI)) and 252.38 mg/g (Cu(II)). Using the proposed strategy, it should be possible to prepare other all-biomass cellulose/amino acid spherical nanomaterials with high functional group density for adsorption, medical, catalytic, analytical chemistry, corrosion, and photochromic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobo Zhang
- Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gaolu Zhu
- Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueju Xu
- Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fanghan Luo
- Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong Tian
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongze Jiang
- Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinqiu Qi
- Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengkai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuanjun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanli Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China; Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
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Zhu D, Kong H, Yang G, He P, Luan X, Guo L, Wei G. Peptide Nanosheet-Inspired Biomimetic Synthesis of CuS Nanoparticles on Ti 3C 2 Nanosheets for Electrochemical Biosensing of Hydrogen Peroxide. BIOSENSORS 2022; 13:14. [PMID: 36671849 PMCID: PMC9855856 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is one of the intermediates or final products of biological metabolism and participates in many important biological processes of life activities. The detection of H2O2 is of great significance in clinical disease monitoring, environmental protection, and bioanalysis. In this study, Ti3C2-based nanohybrids are prepared by the biological modification and self-assembled peptide nanosheets (PNSs)-based biomimetic synthesis of copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuS NPs), which show potential application in the fabrication of low-cost and high-performance electrochemical H2O2 biosensors. The synthesized CuS-PNSs/Ti3C2 nanohybrids exhibit excellent electrochemical performance towards H2O2, in which CuS NPs can catalyze the decomposition of H2O2 and realize the transformation from a chemical signal to an electrical signal to achieve the purpose of H2O2 detection. The prepared CuS-PNSs/Ti3C2-based electrochemical biosensor platform exhibits a wide detection range (5 μM-15 mM) and a low detection limit (0.226 μM). In addition, it reveals good selectivity and stability and can realize the monitoring of H2O2 in a complex environment. The successful biomimetic synthesis of CuS-PNSs/Ti3C2 hybrid nanomaterials provides a green and friendly strategy for the design and synthesis of functional nanomaterials and also provides a new inspiration for the construction of highly effective electrochemical biosensors for practical detection of H2O2 in various environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danzhu Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hao Kong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Guozheng Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Peng He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xin Luan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Gang Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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Carboxylated-covalent organic frameworks and chitosan assembled membranes for precise and efficient dye separation. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Mohammed S. Graphene oxide: A mini-review on the versatility and challenges as a membrane material for solvent-based separation. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Mohammed S, Nassrullah H, Aburabie J, Hashaikeh R. Fabrication of Thin Film Composite Membranes on Nanozeolite Modified Support Layer for Tailored Nanofiltration Performance. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:940. [PMID: 36295699 PMCID: PMC9610575 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12100940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Thin-film composite (TFC) structure has been widely employed in polymeric membrane fabrication to achieve superior performance for desalination and water treatment. In particular, TFC membranes with a thin active polyamide (PA) selective layer are proven to offer improved permeability without compromising salt rejection. Several modifications to TFCs have been proposed over the years to enhance their performance by altering the selective, intermediate, or support layer. This study proposes the modification of the membrane support using nanozeolites prepared by a unique ball milling technique for tailoring the nanofiltration performance. TFC membranes were fabricated by the interfacial polymerization of Piperazine (PIP) and 1,3,5-Benzenetricarbonyl trichloride (TMC) on Polysulfone (PSf) supports modified with nanozeolites. The nanozeolite concentration in the casting solution varied from 0 to 0.2%. Supports prepared with different nanozeolite concentrations resulted in varied hydrophilicity, porosity, and permeability. Results showed that optimum membrane performance was obtained for supports modified with 0.1% nanozeolites where pure water permeance of 17.1 ± 2.1 Lm-2 h-1 bar-1 was observed with a salt rejection of 11.47%, 33.84%, 94%, and 95.1% for NaCl, MgCl2, MgSO4, and Na2SO4 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabin Mohammed
- NYUAD Water Research Center, Department of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Haya Nassrullah
- NYUAD Water Research Center, Department of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Division, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, NY 11201, USA
| | - Jamaliah Aburabie
- NYUAD Water Research Center, Department of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Raed Hashaikeh
- NYUAD Water Research Center, Department of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates
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Zhu G, Wang Y, Tan X, Xu X, Li P, Tian D, Jiang Y, Xie J, Xiao H, Huang X, Chen Y, Su Z, Qi J, Jia S, Zhang S. Synthesis of cellulose II-based spherical nanoparticle microcluster adsorbent for removal of toxic hexavalent chromium. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:224-237. [PMID: 36084868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Since natural cellulose is mostly cellulose I and has a fibrous form, most cellulose-based adsorbents are fibrous/rod-shaped and exhibit the cellulose I crystal structure. This study reports a cellulose II-based spherical nanoparticle microcluster adsorbent (SNMA), synthesized from biomass by a bottom-up approach, for removing toxic hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). The basic structure of SNMA was investigated. Notably, the prepared adsorbent was a microcluster composed of spherical nanoparticles, while exhibiting cellulose II crystal structure, resulting in higher thermal stability and significantly enhanced adsorption performance. The adsorption process and mechanism of SNMA on Cr(VI) were studied in detail. The SNMA achieved a high adsorption capacity (225.94 mg/g) and receptor site density. The SNMA is expected to be used as a bio-based spherical nanoparticle microcluster adsorbent platform for the adsorption of different toxic substances by changing the surface functional groups of its components, spherical nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaolu Zhu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Material Science and Art Design, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Xi Tan
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xueju Xu
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dong Tian
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yongze Jiang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiulong Xie
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xingyan Huang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuzhu Chen
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhiping Su
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jinqiu Qi
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shanshan Jia
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shaobo Zhang
- College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Wood Industry and Furniture Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Department of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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