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Wu Z, Zhang J, Jia Z, Yang Z, Liu S, Wang H, Zhao C, Zhao J, Tang Q, Xiong Y, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Yue J, Xiao F, Sun Q, Gong A, Yao W, Li H, Song X, Ye Y, Zhu Y, Dong P, Ma F, Wu X, Gong W. TRIM21-mediated ubiquitylation of TAT suppresses liver metastasis in gallbladder cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 592:216923. [PMID: 38697462 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Liver metastasis is common in patients with gallbladder cancer (GBC), imposing a significant challenge in clinical management and serving as a poor prognostic indicator. However, the mechanisms underlying liver metastasis remain largely unknown. Here, we report a crucial role of tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) in liver metastasis of GBC. TAT is frequently up-regulated in GBC tissues. Increased TAT expression is associated with frequent liver metastasis and poor prognosis of GBC patients. Overexpression of TAT promotes GBC cell migration and invasion in vitro, as well as liver metastasis in vivo. TAT knockdown has the opposite effects. Intriguingly, TAT promotes liver metastasis of GBC by potentiating cardiolipin-dependent mitophagy. Mechanistically, TAT directly binds to cardiolipin and leads to cardiolipin externalization and subsequent mitophagy. Moreover, TRIM21 (Tripartite Motif Containing 21), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, interacts with TAT. The histine residues 336 and 338 at TRIM21 are essential for this binding. TRIM21 preferentially adds the lysine 63 (K63)-linked ubiquitin chains on TAT principally at K136. TRIM21-mediated TAT ubiquitination impairs its dimerization and mitochondrial location, subsequently inhibiting tumor invasion and migration of GBC cells. Therefore, our study identifies TAT as a novel driver of GBC liver metastasis, emphasizing its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyou Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, China; Biliary Disease Research Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, China; Biliary Disease Research Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyao Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China; Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Shilei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Huakai Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuyi Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichen Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Juanqing Yue
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Sun
- Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Albie Gong
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Wenyan Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaifeng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Song
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yidi Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Oncology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiangsong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, China; Biliary Disease Research Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Research Center of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, China; Biliary Disease Research Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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He Z, Zhong Y, Regmi P, Lv T, Ma W, Wang J, Liu F, Yang S, Zhong Y, Zhou R, Jin Y, Cheng N, Shi Y, Hu H, Li F. Exosomal long non-coding RNA TRPM2-AS promotes angiogenesis in gallbladder cancer through interacting with PABPC1 to activate NOTCH1 signaling pathway. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:65. [PMID: 38532427 PMCID: PMC10967197 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01979-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal angiogenesis is crucial for gallbladder cancer (GBC) tumor growth and invasion, highlighting the importance of elucidating the mechanisms underlying this process. LncRNA (long non-coding RNA) is widely involved in the malignancy of GBC. However, conclusive evidence confirming the correlation between lncRNAs and angiogenesis in GBC is lacking. METHODS LncRNA sequencing was performed to identify the differentially expressed lncRNAs. RT-qPCR, western blot, FISH, and immunofluorescence were used to measure TRPM2-AS and NOTCH1 signaling pathway expression in vitro. Mouse xenograft and lung metastasis models were used to evaluate the biological function of TRPM2-AS during angiogenesis in vivo. EDU, transwell, and tube formation assays were used to detect the angiogenic ability of HUVECs. RIP, RAP, RNA pull-down, dual-luciferase reporter system, and mass spectrometry were used to confirm the interaction between TRPM2-AS, IGF2BP2, NUMB, and PABPC1. RESULTS TRPM2-AS was upregulated in GBC tissues and was closely related to angiogenesis and poor prognosis in patients with GBC. The high expression level and stability of TRPM2-AS benefited from m6A modification, which is recognized by IGF2BP2. In terms of exerting pro-angiogenic effects, TRPM2-AS loaded with exosomes transported from GBC cells to HUVECs enhanced PABPC1-mediated NUMB expression inhibition, ultimately promoting the activation of the NOTCH1 signaling pathway. PABPC1 inhibited NUMB mRNA expression through interacting with AGO2 and promoted miR-31-5p and miR-146a-5p-mediated the degradation of NUMB mRNA. The NOTCH signaling pathway inhibitor DAPT inhibited GBC tumor angiogenesis, and TRPM2-AS knockdown enhanced this effect. CONCLUSIONS TRPM2-AS is a novel and promising biomarker for GBC angiogenesis that promotes angiogenesis by facilitating the activation of the NOTCH1 signaling pathway. Targeting TRPM2-AS opens further opportunities for future GBC treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang He
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
- Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yuhan Zhong
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
- Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Parbatraj Regmi
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
- Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Tianrun Lv
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
- Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Ma
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
- Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Junke Wang
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
- Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Fei Liu
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
- Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Siqi Yang
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
- Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yanjie Zhong
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
- Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Rongxing Zhou
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
- Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yanwen Jin
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
- Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Nansheng Cheng
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
- Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yujun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Haijie Hu
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.
- Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Fuyu Li
- Division of Biliary Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.
- Research Center for Biliary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China.
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Effer B, Ulloa D, Dappolonnio C, Muñoz F, Iturrieta-González I, Cotes L, Rojas C, Leal P. Construction of a Human Immune Library from Gallbladder Cancer Patients for the Single-Chain Fragment Variable ( scFv) Antibody Selection against Claudin 18.2 via Phage Display. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:20. [PMID: 38534210 DOI: 10.3390/antib13010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a very aggressive malignant neoplasm of the biliary tract with a poor prognosis. There are no specific therapies for the treatment of GBC or early diagnosis tools; for this reason, the development of strategies and technologies that facilitate or allow an early diagnosis of GBC continues to be decisive. Phage display is a robust technique used for the production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) involving (1) the generation of gene libraries, (2) the screening and selection of isoforms related to an immobilized antigen, and (3) the in vitro maturation of the affinity of the antibody for the antigen. This research aimed to construct a human immune library from PBMCs of GBC patients and the isolation of scFv-phage clones with specificity against the larger extracellular loop belonging to claudin 18.2, which is an important biomarker overexpressed in GBC as well as gastric cancer. The immune-library-denominated GALLBLA1 was constructed from seven GBC patients and has a diversity of 6.12 × 1010pfu mL-1. After three rounds of panning, we were able to identify clones with specificity against claudin 18.2. GALLBLA1 can contribute to the selection, isolation, and recombinant production of new human mAbs candidates for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Effer
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Daniel Ulloa
- Carrera de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Camila Dappolonnio
- Carrera de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Francisca Muñoz
- Carrera de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Isabel Iturrieta-González
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Department of Preclinic Science, Medicine Faculty, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile
| | - Loraine Cotes
- Carrera de Ingeniería Pesquera, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad del Magdalena, Carrera 32 No. 2208 Sector San Pedro Alejandrino, Santa Marta 470001, Colombia
| | - Claudio Rojas
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Morfológicos y Quirúrgicos, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Pamela Leal
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile
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Bang S, Jee S, Son H, Cha H, Song K, Park H, Myung J, Kim H, Paik S. Clinicopathological Significance of Cell Adhesion Molecule 4 Expression in Gallbladder Cancer and Its Prognostic Role. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086898. [PMID: 37108061 PMCID: PMC10138777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecule 4 (CADM4) is involved in intercellular interactions and is a tumor-suppressor candidate. The role of CADM4 in gallbladder cancer (GBC) has not been reported. Therefore, the clinicopathological significance and prognostic value of CADM4 expression in GBC were evaluated in the present study. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on 100 GBC tissues to assess CADM4 expression at the protein level. The association between CADM4 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of GBC was analyzed, and the prognostic significance of CADM4 expression was evaluated. Low CADM4 expression was significantly associated with advanced T category (p = 0.010) and high AJCC stage (p = 0.019). In a survival analysis, low CADM4 expression was associated with shorter overall survival (OS; p = 0.001) and recurrence-free survival (RFS; p = 0.018). In univariate analyses, low CADM4 expression was associated with shorter OS (p = 0.002) and RFS (p = 0.023). In multivariate analyses, low CADM4 expression was an independent prognostic factor of OS (p = 0.013). Low CADM4 expression was associated with tumor invasiveness and poor clinical outcomes in patients with GBC. CADM4 may play an important role in cancer progression and patient survival and can be used as a potential prognostic marker of GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongsik Bang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyun Jee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwangkyu Son
- Department of Pathology, Seoul Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyebin Cha
- Department of Pathology, Seoul Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihyuk Song
- Department of Pathology, Seoul Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosub Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyung Myung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungsam Paik
- Department of Pathology, Seoul Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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Lai J, Yang S, Lin Z, Huang W, Li X, Li R, Tan J, Wang W. Update on Chemoresistance Mechanisms to First-Line Chemotherapy for Gallbladder Cancer and Potential Reversal Strategies. Am J Clin Oncol 2023; 46:131-141. [PMID: 36867653 PMCID: PMC10030176 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gallbladder cancer (GBC) mortality remains high and chemoresistance is increasing. This review consolidates what is known about the mechanisms of chemoresistance to inform and accelerate the development of novel GBC-specific chemotherapies. METHODS Studies related to GBC-related chemoresistance were systematically screened in PubMed using the advanced search function. Search terms included GBC, chemotherapy, and signaling pathway. RESULTS Analysis of existing studies showed that GBC has poor sensitivity to cisplatin, gemcitabine (GEM), and 5-fluorouracil. DNA damage repair-related proteins, including CHK1, V-SCR, and H2AX, are involved in tumor adaptation to drugs. GBC-specific chemoresistance is often accompanied by changes in the apoptosis and autophagy-related molecules, BCL-2, CRT, and GBCDRlnc1. CD44 + and CD133 + GBC cells are less resistant to GEM, indicating that tumor stem cells are also involved in chemoresistance. In addition, glucose metabolism, fat synthesis, and glutathione metabolism can influence the development of drug resistance. Finally, chemosensitizers such as lovastatin, tamoxifen, chloroquine, and verapamil are able improve the therapeutic effect of cisplatin or GEM in GBC. CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes recent experimental and clinical studies of the molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance, including autophagy, DNA damage, tumor stem cells, mitochondrial function, and metabolism, in GBC. Information on potential chemosensitizers is also discussed. The proposed strategies to reverse chemoresistance should inform the clinical use of chemosensitizers and gene-based targeted therapy for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbao Lai
- Yan’an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Songlin Yang
- Yan’an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhuying Lin
- Yan’an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenwen Huang
- Yan’an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Yan’an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ruhong Li
- Yan’an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing Tan
- Yan’an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenju Wang
- Yan’an Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Yang S, Qin L, Wu P, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Mao B, Yan Y, Yan S, Tan F, Yue X, Liu H, Xue H. RNA sequencing revealed the multi-stage transcriptome transformations during the development of gallbladder cancer associated with chronic inflammation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283770. [PMID: 36996251 PMCID: PMC10062614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a highly malignant tumor with extremely poor prognosis. Previous studies have suggested that the carcinogenesis and progression of GBC is a multi-stage and multi-step process, but most of them focused on the genome changes. And a few studies just compared the transcriptome differences between tumor tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues. The transcriptome changes, relating to every stage of GBC evolution, have rarely been studied. We selected three cases of normal gallbladder, four cases of gallbladder with chronic inflammation induced by gallstones, five cases of early GBC, and five cases of advanced GBC, using next-generation RNA sequencing to reveal the changes in mRNAs and lncRNAs expression during the evolution of GBC. In-depth analysis of the sequencing data indicated that transcriptome changes from normal gallbladder to gallbladder with chronic inflammation were distinctly related to inflammation, lipid metabolism, and sex hormone metabolism; transcriptome changes from gallbladder with chronic inflammation to early GBC were distinctly related to immune activities and connection between cells; and the transcriptome changes from early GBC to advanced GBC were distinctly related to transmembrane transport of substances and migration of cells. Expression profiles of mRNAs and lncRNAs change significantly during the evolution of GBC, in which lipid-based metabolic abnormalities play an important promotive role, inflammation and immune activities play a key role, and membrane proteins are very highlighted molecular changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Litao Qin
- Medical Genetic Institute of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Diseases and Functional Genomics, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Pan Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanbing Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- Department of Pathology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bing Mao
- Department of Clinical Research Service Center, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yiyang Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuai Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Feilong Tan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xueliang Yue
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongshan Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huanzhou Xue
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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7
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Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common cancer of the biliary tract, characterized by a very poor prognosis when diagnosed at advanced stages owing to its aggressive behaviour and limited therapeutic options. Early detection at a curable stage remains challenging because patients rarely exhibit symptoms; indeed, most GBCs are discovered incidentally following cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallbladder stones. Long-standing chronic inflammation is an important driver of GBC, regardless of the lithiasic or non-lithiasic origin. Advances in omics technologies have provided a deeper understanding of GBC pathogenesis, uncovering mechanisms associated with inflammation-driven tumour initiation and progression. Surgical resection is the only treatment with curative intent for GBC but very few cases are suitable for resection and most adjuvant therapy has a very low response rate. Several unmet clinical needs require to be addressed to improve GBC management, including discovery and validation of reliable biomarkers for screening, therapy selection and prognosis. Standardization of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesion nomenclature, as well as surgical specimen processing and sampling, now provides reproducible and comparable research data that provide a basis for identifying and implementing early detection strategies and improving drug discovery. Advances in the understanding of next-generation sequencing, multidisciplinary care for GBC, neoadjuvant and adjuvant strategies, and novel systemic therapies including chemotherapy and immunotherapies are gradually changing the treatment paradigm and prognosis of this recalcitrant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Roa
- Department of Pathology, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Patricia García
- Department of Pathology, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vinay K Kapoor
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) Surgery, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Hospital (MGMCH), Jaipur, India
| | - Shishir K Maithel
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Milind Javle
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, UT M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jill Koshiol
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
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8
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Gupta A, Gupta S, Rajput D, Durgapal P, Chennatt JJ, Kishore S, Rao S, Dhar P, Gupta M, Kant R. Expression and clinicopathological correlation of Ki-67 in gallbladder carcinoma. J Carcinog 2021; 20:11. [PMID: 34729043 PMCID: PMC8511828 DOI: 10.4103/jcar.jcar_9_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Gallbladder cancer is an aggressive cancer with short median survival from the time of diagnosis. Improved understanding of the pathological molecular mechanisms of gallbladder carcinogenesis is important to refine the diagnosis, prognosis, and also to develop novel targeted therapies for patients with advanced Gallbladder cancer (GBC) malignancy. Ki-67 is a marker of cell proliferation and its detection by immunohistochemistry is considered to be an effective method for the detection of prognosis in several tumors. In the present study, we have analyzed expression of immunohistochemical marker Ki-67 in gallbladder carcinoma and its correlation with clinicopathological and radiological parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective observational study was conducted from December 2017 to July 2020. The patients of newly diagnosed gallbladder cancer were enrolled as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria defined in the study protocol. Contrast-enhanced computer tomography of the chest and abdomen and serum tumor markers such as carbohydrate antigen (CA)-19.9, carcinoembryonic antigen, and CA 125 were done. Immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67 was evaluated on biopsy tissue from the gallbladder mass. RESULTS: Fifty newly diagnosed patients of carcinoma gallbladder were included in the present study. The correlation was studied between clinicodemographic parameters and Ki-67, but no association was found with age, gender, and symptoms. There was a weak positive correlation between Ki-67 and direct bilirubin, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.094; 0.126; 0.542; and 0.328, respectively). There was a weak positive correlation between body mass index (Kg/m2) and Ki-67, but this correlation was not statistically significant (P = 0.304). CONCLUSIONS: Ki-67 is a marker of proliferation and it correlated with histological differentiation, jaundice and liver function tests, presence of stones, and location of metastases but did not correlate with stage and extent of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Gupta
- Department of Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sweety Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deepak Rajput
- Department of Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Prashant Durgapal
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Jaine John Chennatt
- Department of Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sanjeev Kishore
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shalinee Rao
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Puneet Dhar
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Manoj Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ravi Kant
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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9
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An Integrative Systems Biology Approach Identifies Molecular Signatures Associated with Gallbladder Cancer Pathogenesis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10163520. [PMID: 34441816 PMCID: PMC8397040 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) has a lower incidence rate among the population relative to other cancer types but is a major contributor to the total number of biliary tract system cancer cases. GBC is distinguished from other malignancies by its high mortality, marked geographical variation and poor prognosis. To date no systemic targeted therapy is available for GBC. The main objective of this study is to determine the molecular signatures correlated with GBC development using integrative systems level approaches. We performed analysis of publicly available transcriptomic data to identify differentially regulated genes and pathways. Differential co-expression network analysis and transcriptional regulatory network analysis was performed to identify hub genes and hub transcription factors (TFs) associated with GBC pathogenesis and progression. Subsequently, we assessed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) status of the hub genes using a combination of three scoring methods. The identified hub genes including, CDC6, MAPK15, CCNB2, BIRC7, L3MBTL1 were found to be regulators of cell cycle components which suggested their potential role in GBC pathogenesis and progression.
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10
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Rosa L, Lobos-González L, Muñoz-Durango N, García P, Bizama C, Gómez N, González X, Wichmann IA, Saavedra N, Guevara F, Villegas J, Arrese M, Ferreccio C, Kalergis AM, Miquel JF, Espinoza JA, Roa JC. Evaluation of the chemopreventive potentials of ezetimibe and aspirin in a novel mouse model of gallbladder preneoplasia. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:2834-2852. [PMID: 33326125 PMCID: PMC7607176 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder stones (cholecystolithiasis) are the main risk factor for gallbladder cancer (GBC), a lethal biliary malignancy with poor survival rates worldwide. Gallbladder stones are thought to damage the gallbladder epithelium and trigger chronic inflammation. Preneoplastic lesions that arise in such an inflammatory microenvironment can eventually develop into invasive carcinoma, through mechanisms that are not fully understood. Here, we developed a novel gallbladder preneoplasia mouse model through the administration of two lithogenic diets (a low‐ or a high‐cholesterol diet) in wild‐type C57BL/6 mice over a period of 9 months. Additionally, we evaluated the chemopreventive potentials of the anti‐inflammatory drug aspirin and the cholesterol absorption inhibitor ezetimibe. Both lithogenic diets induced early formation of gallbladder stones, together with extensive inflammatory changes and widespread induction of metaplasia, an epithelial adaptation to tissue injury. Dysplastic lesions were presented only in mice fed with high‐cholesterol diet (62.5%) in late stages (9th month), and no invasive carcinoma was observed at any stage. The cholesterol absorption inhibitor ezetimibe inhibited gallbladder stone formation and completely prevented the onset of metaplasia and dysplasia in both lithogenic diets, whereas aspirin partially reduced metaplasia development only in the low‐cholesterol diet setting. This model recapitulates several of the structural and inflammatory findings observed in human cholecystolithiasic gallbladders, making it relevant for the study of gallbladder carcinogenesis. In addition, our results suggest that the use of cholesterol absorption inhibitors and anti‐inflammatory drugs can be evaluated as chemopreventive strategies to reduce the burden of GBC among high‐risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Rosa
- Doctorado en Ciencias mención Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Lobos-González
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina-Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Muñoz-Durango
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile.,Departmento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia García
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Bizama
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Gómez
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena González
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio A Wichmann
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Hematología-Oncología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Saavedra
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenética, BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | | | - Jaime Villegas
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco Arrese
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catterina Ferreccio
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Salud Publica, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Santiago, Chile.,Departmento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departmento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Francisco Miquel
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime A Espinoza
- SciLifeLab, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juan C Roa
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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11
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Liu Y, Bi T, Yuan F, Gao X, Jia G, Tian Z. S-adenosylmethionine induces apoptosis and cycle arrest of gallbladder carcinoma cells by suppression of JAK2/STAT3 pathways. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 393:2507-2515. [PMID: 32219484 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01858-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) is a naturally occurring physiologic molecule found ubiquitously in all mammalian cells and an essential compound in many metabolic pathways. It has been reported to possess many pharmacological properties including cancer-preventive and anticancer effects. However, the precise molecular mechanism involved in its anticancer effect is not yet clear. The present study is conducted to investigate the anticancer activity and the underlying mechanisms of SAM on human gallbladder cancer cells (GBC-SD and SGC-996) in vitro and in vivo. Cells were dealt with SAM and subjected to cell viability, colony formation, Hoechst staining, apoptosis, cycle arrest, western blot, and xenograft tumorigenicity assay. Experimental results showed that SAM could significantly inhibit the growth and proliferation and induce the apoptosis as well as cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase of GBC-SD and SGC-996 cells in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. The expression levels of p-JAK2, p-STAT3, Mcl-1, and Bcl-XL were significantly downregulated. In addition, inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway significantly enhanced the anti-apoptotic effect of SAM, suggesting the key roles of JAK2/STAT3 in the process. More importantly, our in vivo studies demonstrated that administration of SAM could significantly decrease the tumor weight and volume and immunohistochemistry analysis proved the downregulation of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 in tumor tissues following SAM treatment, consistent with our in vitro results. In summary, our findings indicated that SAM can inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis as well as cycle arrest of GBC cells by suppression of JAK2/STAT3 pathways and the dramatic effects of SAM hinting that SAM might be a useful therapeutic option for patients suffering from gallbladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Surgery for Vascular Thyroid and Hernia, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221009, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Bi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221009, People's Republic of China
| | - Fukang Yuan
- Department of Surgery for Vascular Thyroid and Hernia, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinbao Gao
- Department of Surgery for Vascular Thyroid and Hernia, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221009, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaolei Jia
- Department of Surgery for Vascular Thyroid and Hernia, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhilong Tian
- Department of Surgery for Vascular Thyroid and Hernia, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221009, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Sharma P, Caldwell TS, Rivera MN, Gullapalli RR. Cadmium exposure activates Akt/ERK Signaling and pro-inflammatory COX-2 expression in human gallbladder epithelial cells via a ROS dependent mechanism. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 67:104912. [PMID: 32512147 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the commonest biliary tract cancer with an ill-defined etiology. We examined the role of Cd+2 exposures in a primary human gallbladder (GB) cell line model in this study. Cd+2 exposures induced decreased cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, altered Akt/ERK signaling pathway activation, PGE2 and COX-2 expression in a human primary gallbladder epithelial cell model. Pharmacological inhibitors were used to determine the key drivers of elevated COX-2 expression due to Cd+2 exposure. Our results show Cd+2 causes a dose-dependent reduction in GB cell viability (EC50 value - 18.6 μM). Dose-dependent activation of phospho-Akt and phospho-ERK signaling pathways via increased phosphoprotein expression was observed due to Cd+2. Signaling activation of Akt and ERK was prevented by 5 mM N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC), establishing the role of ROS as a key driver in the activation process. Importantly, we observed Cd+2 also caused a dose dependent change in the COX-2 and PGE2 expression levels. PI3K-Akt and NF-kB signaling pathways play a key role in Cd+2 exposure induced COX-2 activation in the gallbladder epithelial cells. In conclusion, our study measures the toxicological effects of Cd+2 exposures on human GB epithelial cells for the first time and establishes the role of Cd+2 as a possible driver of the Akt/ERK pathway overactivity and chronic inflammation in gallbladder carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sharma
- University of New Mexico, Department of Pathology Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Trevar S Caldwell
- University of New Mexico, Department of Pathology Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Megan N Rivera
- University of New Mexico, Department of Pathology Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Rama R Gullapalli
- University of New Mexico, Department of Pathology Albuquerque, NM, USA; University of New Mexico, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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13
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Smac mimetic promotes TNF-α to induce apoptosis of gallbladder carcinoma cells. Cell Signal 2020; 72:109654. [PMID: 32334028 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gallbladder carcinoma has a high degree of malignancy. No effective treatment exists for patients with advanced tumors. The second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac) is the antagonist of the inhibitors of apoptosis protein. Smac mimetics are a class of effective tumor-targeted drugs undergoing clinical trials. However, studies on the effect of Smac mimetics on gallbladder cancer are unavailable. In this study, Smac mimetics can promote tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) to inhibit the proliferation of gallbladder cancer cells and activate the apoptotic pathway, thereby promoting the ubiquitination of Lys48 on Receptor interacting protein kinase-1 (RIPK1) and leading to proteasomal degradation that causes damage to RIPK1 protein integrity. The formation of complex I (RIPK1, tumor necrosis factor 1-associated death domain protein, and TNF receptor-associated factor 2) is inhibited. Then, nonubiquitinated RIPK1 binds with the Fas-associated death domain and caspase-8 to form complex II and promotes the death receptor pathway of apoptosis. Animal experiments further verify that TNF-α combined with Smac mimetics can inhibit the growth of transplanted tumors and induce the apoptosis of transplanted tumor cells. This research provides a new direction for the targeted therapy of gallbladder cancer.
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14
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Baichan P, Naicker P, Devar JWS, Smith M, Candy GP, Nweke E. Targeting gallbladder cancer: a pathway based perspective. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2361-2369. [PMID: 32020429 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05269-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) has a poor prognosis with a 5-year survival rate suggesting the need for more effective treatment strategies. Studying the cross-talk of several pathways involved in crucial cellular and biological processes such as cell growth, proliferation, migration and apoptosis would prove beneficial in identifying key players of GBC progression and targeting them. This review highlights several pathways known to be dysregulated in GBC onset and progression and describes known and potential targets. Within these pathways, there are proteins involved in the signalling cascade, which may be targeted as potential biomarkers and drug targets. Furthermore, the cross-talk of these pathways is investigated in the context of GBC and the implications thereof. A better understanding of the pathways involved in GBC pathogenesis will aid clinicians in the prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of patients. There are significant clinical implications of GBC pathway-based studies as they permit the understanding of onset and progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Baichan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Republic of South Africa.
| | - P Naicker
- Department of Biosciences, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Meiring Naude Rd, Brummeria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - J W S Devar
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Republic of South Africa
| | - M Smith
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Republic of South Africa
| | - G P Candy
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Republic of South Africa
| | - E Nweke
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Republic of South Africa
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15
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Bo X, Wang J, Wang C, Nan L, Gao Z, Xin Y, Li M, Shen S, Liu H, Ni X, Suo T, Zhang D, Lu P, Wang Y, Liu H. High infiltration of mast cells is associated with improved response to adjuvant chemotherapy in gallbladder cancer. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:817-825. [PMID: 31925976 PMCID: PMC7060478 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that tumor‐infiltrating mast cells (TIM) play an important role in tumor regression, but the effect of TIM in gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains unclear. The present study aims to investigate the prognostic value of TIM in GBC patients and its responsiveness to gemcitabine‐based adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT). A total of 298 GBC patients from Zhongshan Hospital were recruited for this study. TIM infiltration was measured by immunohistochemical staining. Accumulation of TIM is significantly associated with prolonged overall survival in GBC patients. The benefit from gemcitabine‐based ACT was superior among patients with high infiltration of TIM with GBC. Multivariate analysis identified TIM infiltration as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. A heatmap showed that TIM‐activated gene signatures were positively correlated with CD8+ T cells' gene signatures. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) suggested that TIM was related to multiple T cell‐related processes and signaling pathways, including the interferon gamma signaling pathway and the leukocyte migration signaling pathway. It was confirmed that CD8+ T cell infiltration was positively correlated with high TIM infiltration in tissue microarray (TMA), suggesting that TIM infiltration was linked to the immune surveillance in GBC. TIM can be used as an independent prognostic factor and a predictor of therapeutic response of gemcitabine‐based ACT in GBC patients, which may mediate immune surveillance by recruiting and activating CD8+ T cells in GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Bo
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biliary tract disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biliary tract disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changcheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biliary tract disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingxi Nan
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biliary tract disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihui Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biliary tract disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanlei Xin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biliary tract disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biliary tract disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biliary tract disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biliary tract disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Ni
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biliary tract disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Suo
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biliary tract disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dexiang Zhang
- General Surgery Department, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pinxiang Lu
- General Surgery Department, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueqi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biliary tract disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Houbao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biliary tract disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Ramos E, Lluis N, Llado L, Torras J, Busquets J, Rafecas A, Serrano T, Mils K, Leiva D, Fabregat J. Prognostic value and risk stratification of residual disease in patients with incidental gallbladder cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2020; 18:18. [PMID: 31980034 PMCID: PMC6982379 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-020-1794-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Given their poor prognosis, patients with residual disease (RD) in the re-resection specimen of an incidental gallbladder carcinoma (IGBC) could benefit from a better selection for surgical treatment. The Gallbladder Cancer Risk Score (GBRS) has been proposed to preoperatively identify RD risk more precisely than T-stage alone. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of RD and to validate the GBRS in a retrospective series of patients. Material and methods A prospectively collected database including 59 patients with IGBC diagnosed from December 1996 to November 2015 was retrospectively analyzed. Three locations of RD were established: local, regional, and distant. The effect of RD on overall survival (OS) was analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method. To identify variables associated with the presence of RD, characteristics of patients with and without RD were compared using Fisher’s exact test. The relative risk of RD associated with clinical and pathologic factors was studied with a univariate logistic regression analysis. Results RD was found in 30 patients (50.8%). The presence of RD in any location was associated with worse OS (29% vs. 74.2%, p = 0.0001), even after an R0 resection (37.7% vs 74.2%, p = 0.003). There was no significant difference in survival between patients without RD and with local RD (74.2% vs 64.3%, p = 0.266), nor between patients with regional RD and distant RD (16.1% vs 20%, p = 0.411). After selecting patients in which R0 resection was achieved (n = 44), 5-year survival rate for patients without RD, local RD, and regional RD was, respectively, 74.2%, 75%, and 13.9% (p = 0.0001). The GBRS could be calculated in 25 cases (42.3%), and its usefulness to predict the presence of regional or distant RD (RDRD) was confirmed (80% in high-risk patients and 30% in intermediate risk p = 0.041). Conclusion RDRD, but not local RD, represents a negative prognostic factor of OS. The GBRS was useful to preoperatively identify patients with high risk of RDRD. An R0 resection did not improve OS of patients with regional RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Ramos
- Department of Surgery, IDIBELL, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, CIBERehd, Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva, Universidad de Barcelona, Av Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Nuria Lluis
- Department of Surgery, IDIBELL, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, CIBERehd, Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva, Universidad de Barcelona, Av Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Llado
- Department of Surgery, IDIBELL, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, CIBERehd, Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva, Universidad de Barcelona, Av Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Torras
- Department of Surgery, IDIBELL, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, CIBERehd, Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva, Universidad de Barcelona, Av Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juli Busquets
- Department of Surgery, IDIBELL, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, CIBERehd, Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva, Universidad de Barcelona, Av Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Rafecas
- Department of Surgery, IDIBELL, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, CIBERehd, Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva, Universidad de Barcelona, Av Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Serrano
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Kristel Mils
- Department of Surgery, IDIBELL, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, CIBERehd, Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva, Universidad de Barcelona, Av Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Leiva
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Joan Fabregat
- Department of Surgery, IDIBELL, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, CIBERehd, Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva, Universidad de Barcelona, Av Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Yu J, Shi L, Lin W, Lu B, Zhao Y. UCP2 promotes proliferation and chemoresistance through regulating the NF-κB/β-catenin axis and mitochondrial ROS in gallbladder cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 172:113745. [PMID: 31811866 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is a mitochondrial anion carrier which plays a key role in energy homeostasis. UCP2 is deregulated in several human cancers and has been suggested to regulate cancer metabolism. However, the role of UCP2 in gallbladder cancer has not been defined. Using clinical samples, we found highly expressed UCP2 in gallbladder cancer tissues, and higher expression levels of UCP2 correlated with worse clinical characteristics. To study whether UCP2 promotes gallbladder cancer growth, UCP2 stable knockdown cells were generated, and cell proliferation was suppressed in these knockdown cells. Further studies demonstrated that glycolysis was inhibited and IKKβ, as well as the downstream signaling molecules NF-κB/FAK/β-catenin, were downregulated in UCP2 knockdown cells. More importantly, gallbladder cancer cells became sensitive to gemcitabine treatments when UCP2 was inhibited. UCP2 knockdown suppressed the activation of the NF-κB/β-catenin axis and promoted the increases in mitochondrial ROS in gallbladder cancer cells exposed to gemcitabine treatments. The UCP2 inhibitor genipin suppressed xenograft tumor growth and sensitized grafted tumors to gemcitabine treatments. These results suggest targeting UCP2 as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of gallbladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China; Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neurosciences, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Lawrence Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neurosciences, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - Weiguo Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
| | - Baochun Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neurosciences, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA.
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18
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Liu X, Huang J, Liu L, Liu R. MPZL1 is highly expressed in advanced gallbladder carcinoma and promotes the aggressive behavior of human gallbladder carcinoma GBC‑SD cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2725-2733. [PMID: 31322261 PMCID: PMC6691252 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelin protein 0‑like 1 (MPZL1) has been reported to have a role in hepatocellular carcinoma. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no studies on the function and molecular mechanism of MPZL1 gene in gallbladder carcinoma. The present study confirmed that MPZL1 was upregulated in four gallbladder carcinoma tissues according to the mRNA microarray analysis. The results of the immunohistochemical analysis of tissues from 82 patients with gallbladder carcinoma demonstrated that patients with advanced tumor stages (both T and N stage) had higher positive expression of MPZL1. Moreover, a total of 20 cases of gallbladder carcinoma and matched paired paracarcinoma tissues along with 20 samples of healthy gallbladder tissue from patients with cholecystitis were analyzed using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting. The results demonstrated that the expression of MPZL1 in gallbladder carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that of paired paracarcinoma tissues and randomly matched normal gallbladder epithelial tissues. According to the Tumor‑Node‑Metastasis classification, the expression level of MPZL1 protein in stage IV gallbladder carcinoma was significantly higher than that in stage III gallbladder carcinoma. The enhanced expression of MPZL1 gene appeared to improve the migration ability of GBC‑SD cells. Conversely, GBC‑SD cells that transfected with MPZL1 siRNA exhibited decreased migration ability. The results of proliferation experiments showed that the knockdown of MPZL1 siRNA caused impairments in GBC‑SD cell proliferation. On the contrary, the overexpression of MPZL1 increased the proliferation ability of GBC‑SD cells. The results of flow cytometry analyses indicated that the upregulation of MPZL1 had an anti‑apoptotic effect on GBC‑SD cells. In conclusion, the present study showed that the expression and protein levels of MPZL1 were significantly higher in gallbladder carcinoma tissues, especially in patients diagnosed with advanced tumor stages. Overexpression of MPZL1 may have promoted the invasion, metastasis, proliferation and survival of GBC‑SD cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Liu
- Department of Hepato‑Pancreato‑Biliary Surgical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Jia Huang
- Department of General Surgery, China‑Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Liguo Liu
- Department of General Surgery, China‑Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Hepato‑Pancreato‑Biliary Surgical Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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19
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Liu S, Li F, Pan L, Yang Z, Shu Y, Lv W, Dong P, Gong W. BRD4 inhibitor and histone deacetylase inhibitor synergistically inhibit the proliferation of gallbladder cancer in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:2493-2506. [PMID: 31215139 PMCID: PMC6676267 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common malignancy of the bile duct and has a high mortality rate. Here, we demonstrated that BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 and histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) synergistically inhibited the GBC cells in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that cotreatment with JQ1 and SAHA significantly inhibited proliferation, cell viability and metastasis, and induced apoptosis and G2/M arrest in GBC cells, with only minor effects in benign cells. In vivo, tumor volumes and weights of GBC xenograft models were significantly decreased after treatment with JQ1 or SAHA; meanwhile, the cotreatment showed the strongest effect. Further study indicated that the above anticancer effects was associated with the downregulation of BRD4 and suppression of PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK pathways. These findings highlight JQ1 and SAHA as potential therapeutic agents and their combination as a promising therapeutic strategy for GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengnan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijia Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijun Shu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjie Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
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20
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Singh N, Kazim SN, Sultana R, Tiwari D, Borkotoky R, Kakati S, Nath Das N, Kumar Saikia A, Bose S. Oxidative stress and deregulations in base excision repair pathway as contributors to gallbladder anomalies and carcinoma - a study involving North-East Indian population. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:473-485. [PMID: 31117842 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1606423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a fatal condition with dismal prognosis and aggressive local invasiveness; and with uncharacterised molecular pathology relating to non-specific therapeutic modalities. Given the importance of oxidative stress in chronic diseases and carcinogenesis, and the lacunae in literature regarding its role in gallbladder diseases, this study aimed to study the involvement of oxidative stress and deregulation in the base excision repair (BER) pathway in the pathogenesis of gallbladder diseases including GBC. This study involved patients from the North-East Indian population, where the numbers of reported cases are increasing rapidly and alarmingly. Oxidative stress, based on 8-OH-dG levels, was found to be significantly higher in gallbladder anomalies (cholelithiasis [CL] and cholecystitis [CS]) and GBC at the plasma and DNA level, and was associated with GBC severity. The expressions of key BER pathway genes were downregulated in gallbladder anomalies and GBC compared to controls, and in GBC compared to both non-neoplastic controls and gallbladder anomalies. Expression of XRCC1 and hOGG1 was significantly associated with both susceptibility and severity of GBC. The XRCC1 codon280 polymorphism was associated with disease susceptibility; and significantly higher oxidative stress was observed in hOGG1 genotypic variants. The genomes of GBC patients were found to be more hypermethylated compared to controls, with the promoters of XRCC1 and hOGG1 being hypermethylated and, therefore, being silenced. This study underlined the prognostic significance of the oxidative stress marker 8-OH-dG and BER pathway genes, especially hOGG1 and XRCC1, in gallbladder anomalies and GBC, as well as stated their potential for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Singh
- a Department of Biotechnology , Gauhati University , Guwahati , India
| | - Syed Naqui Kazim
- b Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences , Jamia Millia Islamia , New Delhi , India
| | - Rizwana Sultana
- c Bioengineering and Technology , Gauhati University , Guwahati , India
| | - Diptika Tiwari
- c Bioengineering and Technology , Gauhati University , Guwahati , India
| | - Raktim Borkotoky
- a Department of Biotechnology , Gauhati University , Guwahati , India
| | | | | | - Anjan Kumar Saikia
- e Central Railway Hospital , Guwahati , India.,f GNRC Hospital , Guwahati , India
| | - Sujoy Bose
- a Department of Biotechnology , Gauhati University , Guwahati , India
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21
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Varamo C, Peraldo-Neia C, Ostano P, Basiricò M, Raggi C, Bernabei P, Venesio T, Berrino E, Aglietta M, Leone F, Cavalloni G. Establishment and Characterization of a New Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Line Resistant to Gemcitabine. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040519. [PMID: 30979003 PMCID: PMC6520787 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is one of the most lethal liver cancers. Late diagnosis and chemotherapy resistance contribute to the scarce outfit and poor survival. Resistance mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here, we established a Gemcitabine (GEM) resistant model, the MT-CHC01R1.5 cell line, obtained by a GEM gradual exposure (up to 1.5 µM) of the sensitive counterpart, MT-CHC01. GEM resistance was irreversible, even at high doses. The in vitro and in vivo growth was slower than MT-CHC01, and no differences were highlighted in terms of migration and invasion. Drug prediction analysis suggested that Paclitaxel and Doxycycline might overcome GEM resistance. Indeed, in vitro MT-CHC01R1.5 growth was reduced by Paclitaxel and Doxycycline. Importantly, Doxycycline pretreatment at very low doses restored GEM sensitivity. To assess molecular mechanisms underlying the acquisition of GEM resistance, a detailed analysis of the transcriptome in MT-CHC01R1.5 cells versus the corresponding parental counterpart was performed. Transcriptomic analysis showed that most up-regulated genes were involved in cell cycle regulation and in the DNA related process, while most down-regulated genes were involved in the response to stimuli, xenobiotic metabolism, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, additional panels of drug resistance and epithelial to mesenchymal transition genes (n = 168) were tested by qRT-PCR and the expression of 20 genes was affected. Next, based on a comparison between qRT-PCR and microarray data, a list of up-regulated genes in MT-CHC01R1.5 was selected and further confirmed in a primary cell culture obtained from an ICC patient resistant to GEM. In conclusion, we characterized a new GEM resistance ICC model that could be exploited either to study alternative mechanisms of resistance or to explore new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Varamo
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10100 Torino, Italy.
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, B3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | - Paola Ostano
- Cancer Genomics Lab, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, 13900 Biella, Italy.
| | - Marco Basiricò
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
| | - Chiara Raggi
- Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Italy.
- Dept. Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università di Firenze, 50100 Florence, Italy.
| | - Paola Bernabei
- Flow Cytometry Center, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Venesio
- Molecular Pathology Lab, Unit of Pathology, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
| | - Enrico Berrino
- Molecular Pathology Lab, Unit of Pathology, Candiolo Cancer Institute FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti 14, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Massimo Aglietta
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10100 Torino, Italy.
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
| | - Francesco Leone
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10100 Torino, Italy.
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
| | - Giuliana Cavalloni
- Division of Medical Oncology, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
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22
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Deng XT, Tang SM, Wu PY, Li QP, Ge XX, Xu BM, Wang HS, Miao L. SP/NK-1R promotes gallbladder cancer cell proliferation and migration. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:7961-7973. [PMID: 30903649 PMCID: PMC6850939 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant substance P/neurokinin‐1 receptor (SP/NK‐1R) system activation plays a critical role in various disorders, however, little is known about the expression and the detailed molecular mechanism of the SP and NK‐1R in gallbladder cancer (GBC). In this study, we firstly analyzed the expression and clinical significance of them in patients with GBC. Then, cellular assays were performed to clarify their biological role in GBC cells. Moreover, we investigated the molecular mechanisms regulated by SP/NK‐1R. Meanwhile, mice xenografted with human GBC cells were analyzed regarding the effects of SP/NK1R complex in vivo. Finally, patient samples were utilized to investigate the effect of SP/NK‐1R. The results showed that SP and NK‐1R were highly expressed in GBC. We found that SP strongly induced GBC cell proliferation, clone formation, migration and invasion, whereas antagonizing NK‐1R resulted in the opposite effects. Moreover, SP significantly enhanced the expression of NF‐κB p65 and the tumor‐associated cytokines, while, Akt inhibitor could reverse these effects. Further studies indicated that decreasing activation of NF‐κB or Akt diminished GBC cell proliferation and migration. In consistent with results, immunohistochemical staining showed high levels of Akt, NF‐κB and cytokines in tumor tissues. Most importantly, the similar conclusion was obtained in xenograft mouse model. Our findings demonstrate that NK‐1R, after binding with the endogenous agonist SP, could induce GBC cell migration and spreading via modulation of Akt/NF‐κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ting Deng
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Si-Min Tang
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei-Yao Wu
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Quan-Peng Li
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xian-Xiu Ge
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo-Ming Xu
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Shan Wang
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Miao
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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23
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Subbannayya T, Leal-Rojas P, Zhavoronkov A, Ozerov IV, Korzinkin M, Babu N, Radhakrishnan A, Chavan S, Raja R, Pinto SM, Patil AH, Barbhuiya MA, Kumar P, Guerrero-Preston R, Navani S, Tiwari PK, Kumar RV, Prasad TSK, Roa JC, Pandey A, Sidransky D, Gowda H, Izumchenko E, Chatterjee A. PIM1 kinase promotes gallbladder cancer cell proliferation via inhibition of proline-rich Akt substrate of 40 kDa (PRAS40). J Cell Commun Signal 2019; 13:163-177. [PMID: 30666556 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-018-00503-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a rare malignancy, associated with poor disease prognosis with a 5-year survival of only 20%. This has been attributed to late presentation of the disease, lack of early diagnostic markers and limited efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Elucidation of molecular events in GBC can contribute to better management of the disease by aiding in the identification of therapeutic targets. To identify aberrantly activated signaling events in GBC, tandem mass tag-based quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of five GBC cell lines was carried out. Proline-rich Akt substrate 40 kDa (PRAS40) was one of the proteins found to be hyperphosphorylated in all the invasive GBC cell lines. Tissue microarray-based immunohistochemical labeling of phospho-PRAS40 (T246) revealed moderate to strong staining in 77% of the primary gallbladder adenocarcinoma cases. Regulation of PRAS40 activity by inhibiting its upstream kinase PIM1 resulted in a significant decrease in cell proliferation, colony forming and invasive ability of GBC cells. Our results support the role of PRAS40 phosphorylation in GBC cell survival and aggressiveness. This study also elucidates phospho-PRAS40 as a clinical marker in GBC and the role of PIM1 as a therapeutic target in GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejaswini Subbannayya
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560066, India
| | - Pamela Leal-Rojas
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) &Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University at Eastern, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Ivan V Ozerov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University at Eastern, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Mikhail Korzinkin
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University at Eastern, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Niraj Babu
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560066, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Aneesha Radhakrishnan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560066, India
| | - Sandip Chavan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560066, India
| | - Remya Raja
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560066, India
| | - Sneha M Pinto
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Arun H Patil
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560066, India.,School of Biotechnology, KIIT (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Mustafa A Barbhuiya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560066, India
| | - Rafael Guerrero-Preston
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB II, 5M05C, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | | | - Pramod K Tiwari
- Centre for Genomics, Molecular and Human Genetics, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, 474011, India.,School of Studies in Zoology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, 474011, India
| | - Rekha Vijay Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560066, India.,Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India.,NIMHANS-IOB Proteomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029, India
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Pathology, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB II, 5M05C, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560066, India.,Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Evgeny Izumchenko
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRB II, 5M05C, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
| | - Aditi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560066, India. .,Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India.
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24
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25
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Espinoza JA, Riquelme I, Sagredo EA, Rosa L, García P, Bizama C, Apud-Bell M, Leal P, Weber H, Benavente F, Vargas S, Romero D, Kalergis AM, Roa JC. Mucin 5B, carbonic anhydrase 9 and claudin 18 are potential theranostic markers of gallbladder carcinoma. Histopathology 2018; 74:597-607. [PMID: 30565710 DOI: 10.1111/his.13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an aggressive tumour that is usually diagnosed at advanced stages and is characterised by a poor prognosis. Using public data of normal human tissues, we found that mRNA and protein levels of mucin 5B (MUC5B) and carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) were highly increased in gallbladder tissues. In addition, previous evidence has shown that claudin 18 (CLDN18) protein expression is higher in GBC. The aim of this study was to perform an analysis of these cell surface proteins during the histological progression of GBC in order to identify their theranostic potential. METHODS AND RESULTS MUC5B expression, CA9 expression and CLDN18 expression were examined by immunohistochemistry in a series of 179 chronic cholecystitis (including 16 metaplastic tissues), 15 dysplasia and 217 GBC samples by the use of tissue microarray analysis. A composite staining score was calculated from staining intensity and percentage of positive cells. Immunohistochemical analysis showed high expression of MUC5B and CA9 among normal epithelium, metaplastic tissues, and dysplastic tissues. However, expression of both proteins was observed in roughly 50% of GBC samples. In contrast, CLDN18 was absent in normal epithelium, but its expression was higher in metaplastic cells. Among GBC cases, approximately half showed high CLDN18 expression. No associations were found between MUC5B, CA9 and CLDN18 expression and any clinicopathological features. CONCLUSIONS CLDN18 is a new metaplasia marker in gallbladder tissues, and is conserved in approximately half of GBC cases. MUC5B and CA9 are highly conserved during GBC histological progression. The three markers are potential theranostic markers, in particular CA9 and CLDN18, for which there are already targeted therapies available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Espinoza
- SciLifeLab, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ismael Riquelme
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco, Chile
| | - Eduardo A Sagredo
- Centro de Investigación y Tratamiento del Cáncer, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Rosa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia García
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Bizama
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Apud-Bell
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Leal
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Helga Weber
- Centre of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Felipe Benavente
- Departamento de Procesos Diagnósticos y Evaluación, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Sergio Vargas
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Romero
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Roa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Santiago, Chile
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Nemunaitis JM, Brown-Glabeman U, Soares H, Belmonte J, Liem B, Nir I, Phuoc V, Gullapalli RR. Gallbladder cancer: review of a rare orphan gastrointestinal cancer with a focus on populations of New Mexico. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:665. [PMID: 29914418 PMCID: PMC6006713 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4575-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer is a rare malignancy of the biliary tract with a poor prognosis, frequently presenting at an advanced stage. While rare in the United States overall, gallbladder cancer has an elevated incidence in geographically distinct locations of the globe including Chile, North India, Korea, Japan and the state of New Mexico in the United States. People with Native American ancestry have a much elevated incidence of gallbladder cancer compared to Hispanic and non-Hispanic white populations of New Mexico. Gallbladder cancer is also one of the few bi-gendered cancers with an elevated female incidence compared to men. Similar to other gastrointestinal cancers, gallbladder cancer etiology is likely multi-factorial involving a combination of genomic, immunological, and environmental factors. Understanding the interplay of these unique epidemiological factors is crucial in improving the prevention, early detection, and treatment of this lethal disease. Previous studies have failed to identify a distinct genomic mutational profile in gallbladder cancers, however, work to identify promising clinically actionable targets is this form of cancer is ongoing. Examples include, interest in the HER2/Neu signaling pathway and the recognition that chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in gallbladder cancer pathogenesis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of gallbladder cancer epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, and treatment with a specific focus on the rural and Native American populations of New Mexico. We conclude this review by discussing future research directions with the goal of improving clinical outcomes for patients of this lethal malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacklyn M Nemunaitis
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ursa Brown-Glabeman
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Heloisa Soares
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jessica Belmonte
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ben Liem
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Itzhak Nir
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Victor Phuoc
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Rama R Gullapalli
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Room 333A, MSC08-4640, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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Dubé-Delarosbil C, St-Pierre Y. The emerging role of galectins in high-fatality cancers. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1215-1226. [PMID: 29119229 PMCID: PMC11105754 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2708-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although we witnessed considerable progress in the prevention and treatment of cancer during the past few decades, a number of cancers remain difficult to treat. The main reasons for this are a lack of effective biomarkers necessary for an early detection and inefficient treatments for cancer that are diagnosed at late stages of the disease. Because of their alarmin-like properties and their protumorigenic role during cancer progression, members of the galectin family are uniquely positioned to provide information that could be used for the exploration of possible avenues for the treatment of high fatality cancer (HFC). A rapid overview of studies that examined the expressions and functions of galectins in cancer cells reveals that they play a central role in at least three major features that characterize HFCs: (1) induction of systemic and local immunosuppression, (2) chemoresistance of cancer cells, and (3) increased invasive behavior. Defining the galectinome in HFCs will also lead to a better understanding of tumor heterogeneity while providing critical information that could improve the accuracy of biomarker panels for a more personalized treatment of HFCs. In this review, we discuss the relevance of the galectinome in HFC and its possible contribution to providing potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yves St-Pierre
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.
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Small molecule inhibitor screening identifified HSP90 inhibitor 17-AAG as potential therapeutic agent for gallbladder cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:26169-26184. [PMID: 28412732 PMCID: PMC5432248 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a lethal cancer with poor prognosis associated with high invasiveness and poor response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. New therapeutic approaches are urgently needed in order to improve survival and response rates of GBC patients. We screened 130 small molecule inhibitors on a panel of seven GBC cell lines and identified the HSP90 inhibitor 17-AAG as one of the most potent inhibitory drugs across the different lines. We tested the antitumor efficacy of 17-AAG and geldanamycin (GA) in vitro and in a subcutaneous preclinical tumor model NOD-SCID mice. We also evaluated the expression of HSP90 by immunohistochemistry in human GBC tumors.In vitro assays showed that 17-AAG and GA significantly reduced the expression of HSP90 target proteins, including EGFR, AKT, phospho-AKT, Cyclin B1, phospho-ERK and Cyclin D1. These molecular changes were consistent with reduced cell viability and cell migration and promotion of G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis observed in our in vitro studies.In vivo, 17-AAG showed efficacy in reducing subcutaneous tumors size, exhibiting a 69.6% reduction in tumor size in the treatment group compared to control mice (p < 0.05).The HSP90 immunohistochemical staining was seen in 182/209 cases of GBC (87%) and it was strongly expressed in 70 cases (33%), moderately in 58 cases (28%), and weakly in 54 cases (26%).Our pre-clinical observations strongly suggest that the inhibition of HSP90 function by HSP90 inhibitors is a promising therapeutic strategy for gallbladder cancer that may benefit from new HSP90 inhibitors currently in development.
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Lombardi P, Marino D, Fenocchio E, Chilà G, Aglietta M, Leone F. Emerging molecular target antagonists for the treatment of biliary tract cancer. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2018; 23:63-75. [PMID: 29468924 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2018.1444749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are a heterogeneous group of cancers, characterized by low incidence but poor prognosis. Even after complete surgical resection for early stage, relapse is frequent and the lack of effective treatments contributes to the dismal prognosis. To date, the only standard treatment in first-line is cisplatin/gemcitabine combination, whereas no standard in 2nd-line has been defined. Hence, the current goal is to better understand the biology of BTCs, discovering new treatment methods and improving clinical outcomes. Areas covered: The development of next-generation-sequencing has unveiled the picture of the molecular signatures characterizing BTCs, leading to the identification of actionable mutations in biomarker-driven clinical trials. In this review we will cover the genetic landscape of BTC, focusing on the efficacy of existing treatments. Furthermore, we will discuss emerging molecular targets and evaluate the findings of pre-clinical studies. Finally, the encouraging results of clinical trials involving targeted therapies or immunotherapy will be reviewed. Expert opinion: FGFR fusion rearrangements and IDH1 or IDH2 mutations are the most promising targeted treatments under evaluation. In addition, innovative trial design will allow to offer a chance for tailored medicine to infrequent subgroups of BTCs patients based on their molecular features rather than their histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Lombardi
- a Department of Oncology , University of Turin Medical School , Turin , Italy
| | - Donatella Marino
- b Medical Oncology , Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO- IRCCS , Candiolo , Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Chilà
- a Department of Oncology , University of Turin Medical School , Turin , Italy
| | - Massimo Aglietta
- a Department of Oncology , University of Turin Medical School , Turin , Italy.,b Medical Oncology , Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO- IRCCS , Candiolo , Italy
| | - Francesco Leone
- a Department of Oncology , University of Turin Medical School , Turin , Italy
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Targeting of NT5E by miR-30b and miR-340 attenuates proliferation, invasion and migration of gallbladder carcinoma. Biochimie 2017; 146:56-67. [PMID: 29155108 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been closely associated with the proliferation, invasion and migration of various cancers, including gallbladder carcinoma (GBC). Previous studies have revealed dysregulation of miR-30b and miR-340 in many types of cancer. However, the role of miR-30b and miR-340 in the development and progression of GBC remains unclear. Moreover, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been gradually viewed as a significant contributor to tumor metastasis. In this study, the cell line GBC-SD was used and we explored that EMT promoted GBC cells invasion and migration and inhibited the expression level of miR-30b and miR-340 compared with the control. We showed that overexpression of miR-30b and miR-340 suppressed GBC cells proliferation, invasion and migration, as well as the expression of EMT-associated genes. In addition, we identified ecto-5'-nucleotidase (NT5E) as a common target of miR-30b and miR-340 using bioinformatics analysis and a luciferase assay. Further experiments found that exogenous expression of NT5E in GBC cells could partially reverse the inhibitory effect of miR-30b and miR-340 on cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Our findings suggest that NT5E-targeting miRNAs (miR-30b and miR-340) function as tumor suppressors and may represent promising therapeutic targets for GBC.
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31
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Ni G, Wang T, Yang L, Wang Y, Liu X, Wei MQ. Combining anaerobic bacterial oncolysis with vaccination that blocks interleukin-10 signaling may achieve better outcomes for late stage cancer management. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 12:599-606. [PMID: 26367244 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1089008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Late stage solid tumors cause significant cancer mortality rates worldwide and effective therapy remains a big challenge. Cancer therapeutic vaccines elicit tumor specific T cells that kill tumor cells yet often fail to result in tumor destruction because of the limited T cell response and the local immune-suppressive environment. Blocking interleukin 10 (IL-10) signaling at the time of therapeutic vaccination elicits much stronger T cell responses than vaccination without IL-10 blocking. Anaerobic oncolytic bacteria target hypoxic regions of the late stage tumor tissues which not only stops tumor growth but also provides a pro-inflammatory environment that may increase the effectiveness of a therapeutic vaccine by recruiting more effector T cells to tumor site. In this review, we argue that combining both bacterial and vaccine therapies may improve the efficiency of late stage cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Ni
- a School of Medical Science and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University , Gold Coast , QLD , Australia.,d Tangshan Supervision Institute of Health , Tangshan , China
| | - Tianfang Wang
- c Genecology Research Center, University of the Sunshine Coast , Maroochydore DC , QLD , Australia
| | - Lin Yang
- f Department of Surgical Oncology , Tangshan Gongren Hospital , Tangshan , Hebei , China
| | - Yuejian Wang
- e Cancer Research Institute, Foshan First People's Hospital , Foshan, Guangdong , China
| | - Xiaosong Liu
- b Inflammation and Healing Research Cluster, University of the Sunshine Coast , Maroochydore DC , QLD , Australia.,e Cancer Research Institute, Foshan First People's Hospital , Foshan, Guangdong , China
| | - Ming Q Wei
- a School of Medical Science and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University , Gold Coast , QLD , Australia
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Xie Y, Lin JZ, Wang AQ, Xu WY, Long JY, Luo YF, Shi J, Liang ZY, Sang XT, Zhao HT. Threonine and tyrosine kinase may serve as a prognostic biomarker for gallbladder cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:5787-5797. [PMID: 28883705 PMCID: PMC5569294 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i31.5787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To detect the expression of threonine and tyrosine kinase (TTK) in gallbladder cancer (GBC) specimens and analyze the associations between TTK expression and clinicopathological parameters and clinical prognosis.
METHODS A total of 68 patients with GBC who underwent surgical resection were enrolled in this study. The expression of TTK in GBC tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The assessment of TTK expression was conducted using the H-scoring system. H-score was calculated by the multiplication of the overall staining intensity with the percentage of positive cells. The expression of TTK in the cytoplasm and nucleus was scored separately to achieve respective H-score values. The correlations between TTK expression and clinicopathological parameters and clinical prognosis were analyzed using Chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression.
RESULTS In both the nucleus and cytoplasm, the expression of TTK in tumor tissues was significantly lower than that in normal tissues (P < 0.001 and P = 0.026, respectively). Using the median H-score as the cutoff value, it was discovered that, GBC patients with higher levels of TTK expression in the nucleus, but not the cytoplasm, had favorable overall survival (P < 0.001), and it was still statistically meaningful in Cox regression analysis. Further investigation indicated that there were close negative correlations between TTK expression and tumor differentiation (P = 0.041), CA 19-9 levels (P = 0.016), T stage (P < 0.001), nodal involvement (P < 0.001), distant metastasis (P = 0.024) and TNM stage (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION The expression of TTK in GBC is lower than that in normal tissues. Higher levels of TTK expression in GBC are concomitant with longer overall survival. TTK is a favorable prognostic biomarker for patients with GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xie
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jian-Zhen Lin
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - An-Qiang Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wei-Yu Xu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jun-Yu Long
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yu-Feng Luo
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Liang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xin-Ting Sang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hai-Tao Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Verlingue L, Hollebecque A, Boige V, Ducreux M, Malka D, Ferté C. Matching genomic molecular aberrations with molecular targeted agents: Are biliary tract cancers an ideal playground? Eur J Cancer 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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34
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Xie Y, Jiang Y, Yang XB, Wang AQ, Zheng YC, Wan XS, Sang XT, Wang K, Zhang DD, Xu JJ, Li FG, Zhao HT. Response of BRCA1-mutated gallbladder cancer to olaparib: A case report. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:10254-10259. [PMID: 28028375 PMCID: PMC5155186 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i46.10254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC), although considered as a relatively rare malignancy, is the most common neoplasm of the biliary tract system. The late diagnosis and abysmal prognosis present challenges to treatment. The overall 5-year survival rate for metastatic GBC patients is extremely low. BRCA1 and BRCA2 are the breast cancer susceptibility genes and their mutation carriers are at a high risk for cancer development, both in men and women. Olaparib, an oral poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitor, has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration and the European Commission for the treatment of ovarian cancer with any BRCA1/2 mutations. The first case of a BRCA1-mutated GBC patient who responded to olaparib treatment is reported here.
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Zhao S, Miao Y, Wang R, Guo H, Jin F, Guo X, Luo T. Efficacy and toxicities of adding molecular targeted agents to first-line chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced biliary tract cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:6695-6700. [PMID: 27822072 PMCID: PMC5094605 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s110926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and toxicities of adding molecular targeted agents (MTAs) to first-line chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC). Methods An extensive search for relevant clinical trials was conducted in electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane) and abstracts presented at meetings. Prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapies with or without MTAs in advanced BTC were selected. The endpoints were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and grade 3 or 4 toxicities. The results were expressed as hazard ratio or relative risk (RR), with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results The final analysis included a total of 855 advanced BTC patients from six RCTs. Compared with chemotherapy alone, the combination of MTAs with chemotherapy significantly improved overall response rate (ORR) (RR 1.68, 95% confidence interval: 1.28–2.19, P<0.001). And there was also a tendency to improve PFS in the combination regimens (hazard ratio 0.89, 95% confidence interval: 0.78–1.02, P=0.097) but not for OS (hazard ratio 1.01, 95% confidence interval: 0.90–1.13, P=0.93). Subgroup analysis according to targeted agents indicated that the addition of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor agents to chemotherapy significantly improved ORR and PFS, but it did not translate into OS benefits. Additionally, equivalent frequencies of grade 3 or 4 neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, nausea, and vomiting were found between the two groups excepting for diarrhea. Conclusion The present study indicates that the addition of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor agents to first-line chemotherapy in advanced BTC offers an improved ORR and PFS, but not for OS. Further RCTs with larger samples are warranted to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Yanping Miao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijun Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Haidong Guo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuling Guo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyou Luo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
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36
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Unseld M, Scheithauer W, Weigl R, Kornek G, Stranzl N, Bianconi D, Brunauer G, Steger G, Zielinski CC, Prager GW. Nab-paclitaxel as alternative treatment regimen in advanced cholangiocellular carcinoma. J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 7:588-94. [PMID: 27563449 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2016.05.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced cholangiocellular carcinoma has a poor prognosis with limited therapeutic options. Nab-paclitaxel has recently been described to be beneficial in metastatic pancreatic cancer improving overall and progression free survival (PFS). The potential antitumor activity of nab-paclitaxel in cholangiocellular carcinoma is hitherto unknown. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed an institutional cholangiocellular carcinoma registry to determine the potential biological activity of nab-paclitaxel in advanced intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma. Disease control rate (DCR), PFS and overall survival (OS) upon nab-paclitaxel based treatment, after failure of platinum-containing first-line combination chemotherapy, was assessed. RESULTS Twelve patients were identified. Five of 12 patients (42%) received nab-paclitaxel as second line, and 7 patients (56%) as third-line treatment. The objective DCR with nab-paclitaxel was 83% (10/12 patients). One patient had a complete remission (CR), two patients had a partial remission (PR) and 7 patients had stable disease (SD). Disease was rated progressive in two patients. In all 12 patients receiving nab-paclitaxel the median time to progression was 6 months (range, 2.1-19.5 months). Median OS after initiation of nab-paclitaxel treatment was 9 months (2.1-28.4 months). The median time of survival after diagnosis of advanced disease was 21.5 months, whereby 3 patients were alive at the date of censoring (04/01/2015). CONCLUSIONS This is the first report suggesting substantial antitumor activity of nab-paclitaxel in advanced cholangiocellular carcinoma. In this small series, nab-paclitaxel based salvage chemotherapy appears to have a biological activity by controlling the disease and positively affecting survival. Randomized trials in this disease entity and subgroup of patients are urged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Unseld
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Werner Scheithauer
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Roman Weigl
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriela Kornek
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadja Stranzl
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Bianconi
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Brunauer
- Institute for Energy Systems and Thermodynamics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Guenther Steger
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph C Zielinski
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald W Prager
- Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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37
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Weber H, Leal P, Stein S, Kunkel H, García P, Bizama C, Espinoza JA, Riquelme I, Nervi B, Araya JC, Grez M, Roa JC. Rapamycin and WYE-354 suppress human gallbladder cancer xenografts in mice. Oncotarget 2016; 6:31877-88. [PMID: 26397134 PMCID: PMC4741647 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a highly malignant tumor characterized by a poor response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy of mTOR inhibitors, rapamycin and WYE-354. In vitro assays showed WYE-354 significantly reduced cell viability, migration and invasion and phospho-P70S6K expression in GBC cells. Mice harboring subcutaneous gallbladder tumors, treated with WYE-354 or rapamycin, exhibited a significant reduction in tumor mass. A short-term treatment with a higher dose of WYE-354 decreased the tumor size by 68.6% and 52.4%, in mice harboring G-415 or TGBC-2TKB tumors, respectively, compared to the control group. By contrast, treatment with a prolonged-low-dose regime of rapamycin almost abrogated tumor growth, exhibiting 92.7% and 97.1% reduction in tumor size, respectively, compared to control mice. These results were accompanied by a greater decrease in the phosphorylation status of P70S6K and a lower cell proliferation Ki67 index, compared to WYE-354 treated mice, suggesting a more effective mTOR pathway inhibition. These findings provide a proof of concept for the use of rapamycin or WYE-354 as potentially good candidates to be studied in clinical trials in GBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Weber
- Department of Pathology, Center of Genetic and Immunological Studies (CEGIN) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pamela Leal
- Department of Pathology, Center of Genetic and Immunological Studies (CEGIN) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Stefan Stein
- Gene Therapy Unit, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hana Kunkel
- Gene Therapy Unit, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Patricia García
- Department of Pathology, UC-Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Bizama
- Department of Pathology, UC-Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime A Espinoza
- Department of Pathology, UC-Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ismael Riquelme
- Department of Pathology, Center of Genetic and Immunological Studies (CEGIN) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Bruno Nervi
- Department of Hematology Oncology, UC-Center for Investigation in Translational Oncology (CITO), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan C Araya
- Department of Pathology, Center of Genetic and Immunological Studies (CEGIN) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Manuel Grez
- Gene Therapy Unit, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Juan C Roa
- Department of Pathology, UC-Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Mohri D, Ijichi H, Miyabayashi K, Takahashi R, Kudo Y, Sasaki T, Asaoka Y, Tanaka Y, Ikenoue T, Tateishi K, Tada M, Isayama H, Koike K. A potent therapeutics for gallbladder cancer by combinatorial inhibition of the MAPK and mTOR signaling networks. J Gastroenterol 2016; 51:711-21. [PMID: 26614007 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-015-1145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common type of cancer with the worst prognosis among the bile duct cancers. There still remains a clear need for effective mechanism-based novel therapeutic approaches. A crosstalk between mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the mammalian target of Rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways has been reported in several cancers. We hypothesized that targeting both pathways in combination will be a potent therapeutic for GBC. METHODS Expression of phospho-ERK and phospho-S6rp protein were evaluated by immunostaining in surgically resected GBC specimens (n = 30). GBC cell lines and a xenograft model were treated with CI-1040, an inhibitor of MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase) and RAD001, an inhibitor of mTOR, alone or in combination, and then, we examined the cell proliferation and tumor growth, cell cycle status, and apoptosis. RESULTS Analysis of human GBC tissues demonstrated that MAPK and mTOR signaling pathways were frequently coordinately dysregulated in one third of them. The combination therapy inhibited both signaling pathways and subsequently inhibited human GBC cell proliferation in vitro and xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Compared to the single treatment, the combination therapy significantly induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis with decreased cyclin D1 expression. CONCLUSIONS The double blockade of MAPK and mTOR signaling pathways inhibits the signal crosstalk and shows anti-tumor activity, which can be a potent therapeutic for GBC, especially for the patients with hyperactivated signaling of both pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Mohri
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ijichi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Koji Miyabayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ryota Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yotaro Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koutou-Ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Asaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yasuo Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Ikenoue
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shiroganedai, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tateishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Minoru Tada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isayama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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Lu W, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Li S, Gao J, Wang XA, Mu J, Hu YP, Jiang L, Dong P, Gong W, Liu Y. Up-regulation of PKM2 promote malignancy and related to adverse prognostic risk factor in human gallbladder cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26351. [PMID: 27283076 PMCID: PMC4901292 DOI: 10.1038/srep26351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) has been implicated in the progression of certain cancers and might play pivotal roles in the formation of malignancy. However, the role of PKM2 in gallbladder cancer had not been well investigated. This study analyzed associations between PKM2 expression status with various clinical and pathologic parameters in a large cohort of gallbladder cancer (GBC) patients from a long term follow up results. The expression level of pyruvate kinase isotypes in GBC tissues and their adjacent normal gallbladder tissues were estimated by qRT-PCR and Western blot. PKM2 mRNA level were significantly high in gallbladder cancer tissues than in adjacent noncancerous tissues (P < 0.001). High expression of the PKM2 was detected in 55.71% paraffin-embedded GBC tissue. The high PKM2 expression was independently associated with poorer overall survival in patients with GBC (median survival 11.9 vs 30.1 months; hazard ratio 2.79; 95% CI = 1.18 to 6.55; P = 0.02). These findings indicated elevated expression of PKM2 is a prognostic factor for poor GBC clinical outcomes, implied involving of PKM2 in GBC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Institute of Social Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, Shanghai JiaoTong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases Research, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yijian Zhang
- Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases Research, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Dalian medical University, No. 9 Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine, Fudan University, No. 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xu-An Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiasheng Mu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases Research, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yun-Ping Hu
- Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases Research, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases Research, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ping Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases Research, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Institute of Biliary Tract Diseases Research, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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40
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Zhu W, Zhan D, Wang L, Ma D, Cheng M, Wang H, Zhao J, Cai Y, Cheng Z. Proteasome inhibitor MG132 potentiates TRAIL-induced apoptosis in gallbladder carcinoma GBC-SD cells via DR5-dependent pathway. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:845-52. [PMID: 27277541 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
TRAIL is a tumor-selective apoptosis-inducing cytokine playing a vital role in the surveillance and elimination of some tumor cells. However, some tumors are resistant to TRAIL treatment. Proteasome inhibitor MG132 exhibits anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic properties in many tumors. In this study, we demonstrated that proteasome inhibitor MG132 in vitro and in vivo potentiates TRAIL-induced apoptosis in gallbladder carcinoma GBC-SD cells. MG132 was able to inhibit the proliferation of GBC-SD cells and induce apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The induction of apoptosis by proteasome inhibitor MG132 was mainly through the extrinsic apoptotic pathways of caspase activation such as caspase-8, caspase-3 and PARP cleavage. In addition, this process was also dependent on the upregulation of death receptor 5 (DR5), which promoted TRAIL-induced apoptosis in GBC-SD cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that MG132 possesses anti-gallbladder cancer potential that correlate with regulation of DR5-dependent pathway, and suggest that MG132 may be a promising agent for sensitizing GBC-SD cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Zhu
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Dihua Zhan
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Dening Ma
- Department of Liver Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Mingrong Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Pudong New Area District Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, P.R. China
| | - Huipeng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Jiaying Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yuankun Cai
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Zhijian Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
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Salman T, Argon A, Kebat T, Vardar E, Erkan N, Alacacıoğlu A. The prognostic significance of survivin expression in gallbladder carcinoma. APMIS 2016; 124:633-8. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Salman
- Department of Medical Oncology; Izmir Katip Celebi University; Atatürk Training and Research Hospital; Izmir Turkey
| | - Asuman Argon
- Department of Pathology; Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital; Izmir Turkey
| | - Tulu Kebat
- Department of Pathology; Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital; Izmir Turkey
| | - Enver Vardar
- Department of Pathology; Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital; Izmir Turkey
| | - Nazif Erkan
- Department of General Surgery; Izmir Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital; Izmir Turkey
| | - Ahmet Alacacıoğlu
- Department of Medical Oncology; Izmir Katip Celebi University; Atatürk Training and Research Hospital; Izmir Turkey
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42
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Patil RS, Shah SU, Shrikhande SV, Goel M, Dikshit RP, Chiplunkar SV. IL17 producing γδT cells induce angiogenesis and are associated with poor survival in gallbladder cancer patients. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:869-81. [PMID: 27062572 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite conventional treatment modalities, gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains a highly lethal malignancy. Prognostic biomarkers and effective adjuvant immunotherapy for GBC are not available. In the recent past, immunotherapeutic approaches targeting tumor associated inflammation have gained importance but the mediators of inflammatory circuit remain unexplored in GBC patients. In the current prospective study, we investigated the role of IL17 producing TCRγδ(+) (Tγδ17), CD4(+) (Th17), CD8(+) (Tc17) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in pathogenesis of GBC. Analysis by multi-color flow cytometry revealed that compared to healthy individuals (HI), Tγδ17, Th17 and Tc17 cells were increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) of GBC patients. Tregs were decreased in PBMCs but increased in TILs of GBC patients. The suppressive potential of Tregs from GBC patients and HI were comparable. Serum cytokines profile of GBC patients showed elevated levels of cytokines (IL6, IL23 and IL1β) required for polarization and/or stabilization of IL17 producing cells. We demonstrated that Tγδ17 cells migrate toward tumor bed using CXCL9-CXCR3 axis. IL17 secreted by Tγδ17 induced productions of vascular endothelial growth factor and other angiogenesis related factors in GBC cells. Tγδ17 cells promote vasculogenesis as studied by chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. Survival analysis showed that Tγδ17, Th17 and Treg cells in peripheral blood were associated with poor survival of GBC patients. Our findings suggest that Tγδ17 is a protumorigenic subtype of γδT cells which induces angiogenesis. Tγδ17 may be considered as a predictive biomarker in GBC thus opening avenues for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushikesh Sudam Patil
- Chiplunkar Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sagar Umesh Shah
- Chiplunkar Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | | | - Shubhada Vivek Chiplunkar
- Chiplunkar Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Chandra V, Kim JJ, Mittal B, Rai R. MicroRNA aberrations: An emerging field for gallbladder cancer management. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:1787-1799. [PMID: 26855538 PMCID: PMC4724610 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i5.1787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is infrequent but most lethal biliary tract malignancy characterized by an advanced stage diagnosis and poor survival rates attributed to absence of specific symptoms and effective treatment options. These necessitate development of early prognostic/predictive markers and novel therapeutic interventions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that play a key role in tumor biology by functioning like tumor suppressor- or onco- genes and their aberrant expression are associated with the pathogenesis of several neoplasms with overwhelming clinical implications. Since miRNA signature is tissue specific, here, we focused on current data concerning the miRNAs abberations in GBC pathogenesis. In GBC, miRNAs with tumor suppressor activity (miR-135-5p, miR-335, miR-34a, miR-26a, miR-146b-5p, Mir-218-5p, miR-1, miR-145, mir-130a) were found downregulated, while those with oncogenic property (miR-20a, miR-182, mir-155) were upregulated. The expression profile of miRNAs was significantly associated with GBC prognosis and prediction, and forced over-expression/ inhibition of these miRNAs was shown to affect tumor growth and development. Further, differential expression of miRNAs in the blood samples of GBC patients suggest miRNAs as promising noninvasive biomarker. Thus, miRNAs represent potential candidate for GBC management, though many hurdles need to be overcome before miRNAs therapy can be clinically applied to GBC prevention and treatment.
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44
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Exploring the diagnosis markers for gallbladder cancer based on clinical data. Front Med 2015; 9:350-5. [PMID: 26177708 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-015-0402-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Presently, no effective markers are available to facilitate gallbladder cancer (GBC) diagnosis. This study aims to explore available markers for GBC diagnosis. Clinical data of 144 GBC and 116 cholelithiasis patients were retrospectively reviewed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate GBC risk factors. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the diagnosis value of the risk factors. By comparing the characteristic of GBC and cholelithiasis patients, the following factors exhibited statistical difference: age, gender, gallstones, total bilirubin (TB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), platelet count (PLT), CA125 (carcinoembryonic antigen 125), and CA199 (carbohydrate antigen 199). Logistic regression analysis indicated that age [odds ratio (OR), 1.032; 95%confidence interval (95% CI), 1.004 to 1.061; P = 0.024], gender (OR, 0.346; 95% CI, 0.167 to 0.716; P = 0.004), gallstones (OR, 0.027; 95% CI, 0.007 to 0.095; P < 0.001), ALP (OR, 1.003; 95% CI, 1.000 to 1.006; P = 0.032), TB (OR, 1.004; 95% CI, 1.000 to 1.009; P = 0.042), and CA125 (OR, 1.007; 95% CI, 1.002 to 1.013; P = 0.011) were independent risk factors for GBC. According to the ROC curve, CA125 [area under curve (AUC), 0.720], ALP (AUC, 0.713), TB (AUC, 0.636), and age (AUC, 0.573) were valuable diagnosis markers. Additionally, based on the independent risk factors, the GBC diagnosis model was established. Age, TB, ALP, and CA125 can be used as auxiliary diagnosis factors of GBC. The diagnosis model provides a quantitative tool for GBC diagnosis when comprehensively considering various risk factors.
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