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Yadalam PK, Kalaivani V, Fageeh HI, Ibraheem W, Al-Ahmari MM, Khan SS, Ahmed ZH, Abdulkarim HH, Baeshen HA, Balaji TM, Bhandi S, Raj AT, Patil S. Future Drug Targets in Periodontal Personalised Medicine-A Narrative Review. J Pers Med 2022; 12:371. [PMID: 35330371 PMCID: PMC8955099 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is an infection-driven inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. The establishment of chronic inflammation will result in progressive destruction of bone and soft tissue changes. Severe periodontitis can lead to tooth loss. The disease has complex pathogenesis with an interplay between genetic, environmental, and host factors and pathogens. Effective management consists of plaque control and non-surgical interventions, along with adjuvant strategies to control inflammation and disrupt the pathogenic subgingival biofilms. Recent studies have examined novel approaches for managing periodontal diseases such as modulating microbial signaling mechanisms, tissue engineering, and molecular targeting of host inflammatory substances. Mounting evidence suggests the need to integrate omics-based approaches with traditional therapy to address the disease. This article discusses the various evolving and future drug targets, including proteomics, gene therapeutics, vaccines, and nanotechnology in personalized periodontal medicine for the effective management of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Yadalam
- Department of Periodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 602117, India;
| | - V. Kalaivani
- Department of Periodontics, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College & Hospital, SRM Nagar, Chennai 603203, India;
| | - Hammam Ibrahim Fageeh
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (H.I.F.); (W.I.)
| | - Wael Ibraheem
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (H.I.F.); (W.I.)
| | - Manea Musa. Al-Ahmari
- Department of Periodontics and Community Medical Science, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Samar Saeed Khan
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery & Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Zeeshan Heera Ahmed
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hesham H. Abdulkarim
- Advanced Periodontal and Dental Implant Care, Missouri School of Dentistry and Oral Health, A. T. Still University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA;
| | - Hosam Ali Baeshen
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Shilpa Bhandi
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Operative Dentistry, College of dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - A. Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai 600130, India;
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery & Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
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