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Kaushik P, Mittal V, Kaushik D. Unleashing the Potential of β -cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes in Bitter Taste Abatement: Development, Optimization and Evaluation of Taste Masked Anti-emetic Chewing Gum of Promethazine Hydrochloride. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:169. [PMID: 39043992 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02888-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Motion sickness also known as kinetosis is a condition in which there exists a disagreement between visually perceived movement and the vestibular system's sense of movement. Nausea, vomiting, dizziness, fatigue, and headache are the most common symptoms of motion sickness. This study mainly focuses on the taste masking of Promethazine Hydrochloride (PMZ) by inclusion complexation method, its formulation development in the chewing gum form by using directly compressible gum base HIG® and its quality and performance testing. Different molar ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4) of PMZ-cyclodextrin complexes were prepared by using β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) as a taste masking agent. These complexes were evaluated for FTIR, DSC, % Entrapment Efficiency, % drug yield, and taste evaluation by E-Tongue. The optimized ratio was further evaluated by sophisticated analytical techniques such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). A central composite design (CCD) (3 ^2) was utilized to examine the effects of independent variables (amount of gum-X1 and amount of plasticizer-X2) on dependent variables (%CDRY1 and hardness Y2). The prepared gums were evaluated for drug content, organoleptic properties, in-vitro dissolution testing by fabricated disintegration apparatus, texture analysis, etc. The optimization statistics showed that on decreasing the amount of gum, in- vitro drug release increases and hardness decreases. The optimized batch MCG-2 of Promethazine MCG showed 92.34 ± 0.92% of drug release, whereas for marketed formulation (Phenergan®-25 mg) drug release value was 86.19 ± 1.88%. Results provided evidence that PMZ MCGs could be a better alternative to conventional tablet formulations with improved drug release, palatability and texture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Vineet Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Deepak Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.D. University, Rohtak, 124001, India.
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Uchida T. Taste Sensor Assessment of Bitterness in Medicines: Overview and Recent Topics. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4799. [PMID: 39123846 PMCID: PMC11314865 DOI: 10.3390/s24154799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, taste sensors have been increasingly utilized to assess the taste of oral medicines, particularly focusing on bitterness, a major obstacle to patient acceptance and adherence. This objective and safe method holds promise for enhancing the development of patient-friendly medicines in pharmaceutical companies. This review article introduces its application in measuring the intensity of bitterness in medicine, confirming the achievement of taste masking, distinguishing taste differences between branded and generic medicines, and identifying substances to suppress bitterness in target medicines. Another application of the sensor is to predict a significant increase in bitterness when medicine is taken with certain foods/beverages or concomitant medication. Additionally, to verify the sensor's predictability, a significant correlation has been demonstrated between the output of a bitter-sensitive sensor designed for drug bitterness (BT0) and the bitterness responses of the human taste receptor hT2R14 from BitterDB (huji.ac.il). As a recent advancement, a novel taste sensor equipped with lipid/polymer membranes modified by 3-Br-2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,6-DHBA), based on the concept of allostery, is introduced. This sensor successfully predicts the bitterness of non-charged pharmaceuticals with xanthine skeletons, such as caffeine or related compounds. Finally, the future prospects of taste sensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Uchida
- Food and Health Innovation Center, Nakamura Gakuen University, 5-7-1, Befu, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0198, Japan;
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Mukogawa Women’s University, 11-68, Koshien 9-Bancho, Nishinomiya 663-8179, Japan
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3
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Racaniello GF, Silvestri T, Pistone M, D'Amico V, Arduino I, Denora N, Lopedota AA. Innovative Pharmaceutical Techniques for Paediatric Dosage Forms: A Systematic Review on 3D Printing, Prilling/Vibration and Microfluidic Platform. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:1726-1748. [PMID: 38582283 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The production of paediatric pharmaceutical forms represents a unique challenge within the pharmaceutical industry. The primary goal of these formulations is to ensure therapeutic efficacy, safety, and tolerability in paediatric patients, who have specific physiological needs and characteristics. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in attention towards this area, driven by the need to improve drug administration to children and ensure optimal and specific treatments. Technological innovation has played a crucial role in meeting these requirements, opening new frontiers in the design and production of paediatric pharmaceutical forms. In particular, three emerging technologies have garnered considerable interest and attention within the scientific and industrial community: 3D printing, prilling/vibration, and microfluidics. These technologies offer advanced approaches for the design, production, and customization of paediatric pharmaceutical forms, allowing for more precise dosage modulation, improved solubility, and greater drug acceptability. In this review, we delve into these cutting-edge technologies and their impact on the production of paediatric pharmaceutical forms. We analyse their potential, associated challenges, and recent developments, providing a comprehensive overview of the opportunities that these innovative methodologies offer to the pharmaceutical sector. We examine different pharmaceutical forms generated using these techniques, evaluating their advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teresa Silvestri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, D. Montesano St. 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Pistone
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Vita D'Amico
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Arduino
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Angela Assunta Lopedota
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona, 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
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Simšič T, Planinšek O, Baumgartner A. Taste-masking methods in multiparticulate dosage forms with a focus on poorly soluble drugs. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2024; 74:177-199. [PMID: 38815202 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2024-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
In the past, the administration of medicines for children mainly involved changes to adult dosage forms, such as crushing tablets or opening capsules. However, these methods often led to inconsistent dosing, resulting in under- or overdosing. To address this problem and promote adherence, numerous initiatives, and regulatory frameworks have been developed to develop more child-friendly dosage forms. In recent years, multiparticulate dosage forms such as mini-tablets, pellets, and granules have gained popularity. However, a major challenge that persists is effectively masking the bitter taste of drugs in such formulations. This review therefore provides a brief overview of the current state of the art in taste masking techniques, with a particular focus on taste masking by film coating. Methods for evaluating the effectiveness of taste masking are also discussed and commented on. Another important issue that arises frequently in this area is achieving sufficient dissolution of poorly water-soluble drugs. Since the simultaneous combination of sufficient dissolution and taste masking is particularly challenging, the second objective of this review is to provide a critical summary of studies dealing with multiparticulate formulations that are tackling both of these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilen Simšič
- 1Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- 2Alterno Labs d.o.o. 1231 Ljubljana-Črnuče Slovenia
| | - Odon Planinšek
- 1Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Baumgartner
- 1Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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5
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Chen Y, Liu Y, Wu C, Pan X, Peng T. Dry Suspension Containing Coated Pellets with pH-Dependent Drug Release Behavior for the Taste-masking of Azithromycin. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 24:21. [DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02484-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
Particle coating is one of the oldest pharmaceutical processes that is still in existence. It is the process of applying a thin polymer-based film to a particle or granule containing the active pharmaceutical ingredient. The widely used methods for particle coating are sugar coating, film coating, and enteric coating and the techniques are pan coating, fluidized bed coating, and compression coating. Sugar coating was the earlier coating method, and it was gradually replaced by film coating because it required skilled manipulation. With the technology developing, enteric coating draws more attention. Pan coating is the most classic coating technique, which is applied to sugar coating, film coating and enteric coating. Fluid bed coating is used for a mixture of multiple materials and medicines and keeps the bioavailability high. Compression coating can avoid the harmful effects of moisture and high temperature, while it requires highly accurate machinery.
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Nurdianti L, Rusdiana T, Sopyan I, Putriana NA, Aiman HR, Fajria TR. Characteristic Comparison of an Intraoral Thin Film Containing Astaxanthin Nanoemulsion Using Sodium Alginate and Gelatin Polymers. Turk J Pharm Sci 2021; 18:289-295. [PMID: 34157818 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2020.25483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The present study was conducted to compare the characteristics of a thin film containing an astaxanthin-loaded nanoemulsion (TFANE) using two kinds of natural polymers, namely sodium alginate and gelatin. Materials and Methods An astaxanthin nanoemulsion was prepared by using the self-nanoemulsifying method, followed by incorporation into a polymer matrix system by the solvent casting method to form TFANE. A characteristic comparison between the sodium alginate and gelatin matrix systems was carried out by comparing the physical and mechanical film properties. At the end of the study, in vitro dissolution tests were also assessed. Results An intraoral film with good physical and mechanical properties containing an astaxanthin-loaded nanoemulsion was developed successfully using a natural polymer matrix system. The film, made from a gelatin matrix system containing an astaxanthin nanoemulsion, was more flexible and harder than films made from a sodium alginate matrix system, where all of the films have ideal characteristics for intraoral delivery. The dissolution test results showed that, with both sodium alginate and gelatin, more than 90% of the drug was released at 15 minutes. Conclusion Gelatin as a natural polymer appears to be promising for the preparation of an intraoral thin film delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusi Nurdianti
- Padjadjaran University Bandung Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Jawa Barat, Indonesia,Bakti Tunas Husada Institute of Health Science, Department of Pharmacy, Tasikmalaya, Indonesia
| | - Taofik Rusdiana
- Padjadjaran University Bandung Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Iyan Sopyan
- Padjadjaran University Bandung Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Norisca Aliza Putriana
- Padjadjaran University Bandung Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Hanifa Rifdah Aiman
- Padjadjaran University Bandung Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Tengku Ruhul Fajria
- Padjadjaran University Bandung Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
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9
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Banerjee S, Joshi U, Singh A, Saharan VA. Lipids for Taste masking and Taste assessment in pharmaceutical formulations. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 235:105031. [PMID: 33352198 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.105031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical products often have drawbacks of unacceptable taste and palatability which makes it quite difficult for oral administration to some special populations like pediatrics and geriatrics. To curb this issue different approaches like coating, granulation, extrusion, inclusion complexation, ion-exchange resins, etc for taste masking are employed and among them use of lipids have drawn special attention of researchers. Lipids have a lower melting point which is ideal for incorporating drugs in some of these methods like hot-melt extrusion, melt granulation, spray drying/congealing and emulsification. Lipids play a significant role as a barrier to sustain the release of drugs and biocompatible nature of lipids increases their acceptability by the human body. Further, lipids provide vast opportunities of altering pharmacokinetics of the active ingredients by modulating release profiles. In taste sensors, also known as electronic tongue or e-tongue, lipids are used in preparing taste sensing membranes which are subsequently used in preparing taste sensors. Lipid membrane taste sensors have been widely used in assessing taste and palatability of pharmaceutical and food formulations. This review explores applications of lipids in masking the bitter taste in pharmaceutical formulations and significant role of lipids in evaluation of taste and palatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surojit Banerjee
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India
| | - Ujjwal Joshi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India
| | - Anupama Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India
| | - Vikas Anand Saharan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India.
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10
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Guedes MDV, Marques MS, Guedes PC, Contri RV, Kulkamp Guerreiro IC. The use of electronic tongue and sensory panel on taste evaluation of pediatric medicines: a systematic review. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 26:119-137. [PMID: 33274664 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1860088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The palatability of medications is an essential factor for children's adherence to drug treatment. Several methods for drug taste assessment have been developed. The aim of this review is to explore the literature reports of the main methods for the evaluation of medicines taste, named electronic tongue (e-tongue, in vitro) and human sensory panel. A systematic search was performed up to March 2020 and a total of 88 articles were selected. The e-tongue (57.5%) has been more frequently described than the sensory panel (10.3%), while some articles (32.2%) used both techniques. 74.7% of the articles mentioned 'pediatric', 'paediatric' or 'children' in the text, but only 19.5% developed formulations targeting pediatric audience and sensory testing in children is rarely seen. The e-tongue has predominance of use in the taste evaluation of pediatric medicines probably since it is fast, easy to perform and risk free, besides presenting less imprecise data and no fatigue. The human panel is more realistic, despite its intrinsic variability. In this sense, it is proposed the use of e-tongue as a fast way to select the most promising sample(s) and, after that, the sensory panel should be applied in order to confirm the taste masking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morgana Souza Marques
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Pablo Cristini Guedes
- Escola de Administração, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Renata Vidor Contri
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
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11
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Turner-Bowker DM, An Haack K, Krohe M, Yaworsky A, Vivas N, Kelly M, Chatterjee G, Chaston E, Mann E, Reaney M. Development and content validation of the Pediatric Oral Medicines Acceptability Questionnaires (P-OMAQ): patient-reported and caregiver-reported outcome measures. J Patient Rep Outcomes 2020; 4:80. [PMID: 33000327 PMCID: PMC7527387 DOI: 10.1186/s41687-020-00246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evolving regulatory guidelines recommend routine assessment of the acceptability of pediatric oral medicines throughout clinical development processes. However, such assessment is problematic owing to a lack of standard methods or criteria that define acceptability for children and their caregivers. This research aimed to identify the attributes of acceptability for targeted oral formulation types that are important to children, and to develop content-valid patient- and caregiver-reported outcome acceptability measures for use in the context of clinical drug development. METHODS A concept-focused literature review and two advisory panel meetings involving researchers, clinicians, and measurement scientists were conducted to identify acceptability attributes that may be relevant to children taking targeted oral medicine formulations. The Pediatric Oral Medicines Acceptability Questionnaires (P-OMAQs), including patient (P-OMAQ-P) and caregiver (P-OMAQ-C) versions, were drafted to assess these attributes. Qualitative concept elicitation (CE) and cognitive debriefing (CD) patient and caregiver interviews were conducted to confirm key acceptability attribute concepts for measurement and to evaluate patient and caregiver ability to understand and respond to the questions. RESULTS A full-text review of 40 articles identified 24 acceptability attributes that were categorized into 10 overarching domains and organized into a preliminary conceptual model. Feedback from the advisory panel refined the preliminary model. In total, 14 attributes were reported during the CE phase of the interviews (n = 23 pediatric patients, n = 13 caregivers); six attributes were included in the final model. The draft P-OMAQ was refined over four waves of CD interviews (n = 31 pediatric patients, n = 48 caregivers). The final version of the P-OMAQ-P is a 12-item questionnaire designed for young people aged 8-17 years. The P-OMAQ-C is a 19-item questionnaire designed for adult caregivers of young people aged 6 months to 17 years. There are two versions of each questionnaire: one with a 24-h recall period and one with a 7-day recall period. All items are answered on a 5-point numerical rating scale. CONCLUSIONS This research supports the content validity of the patient and caregiver versions of the P-OMAQ. Both questionnaires appropriately assess the acceptability of oral medicine formulations from the perspective of pediatric patients and their caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Meaghan Krohe
- Adelphi Values, 290 Congress Street, 7th Floor, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Andrew Yaworsky
- Adelphi Values, 290 Congress Street, 7th Floor, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Norma Vivas
- Sanofi Argentina S.A., Tucumán 1, 4th Floor, C1049AAA, CABA, Argentina
| | - Masami Kelly
- Adelphi Values, 290 Congress Street, 7th Floor, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Godhuli Chatterjee
- Sanofi-Synthelabo (India) Private Limited, CTS No.117-B, L&T Business Park, Saki Vihar Road, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400072, India
| | - Emily Chaston
- Adelphi Values, 290 Congress Street, 7th Floor, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Erin Mann
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Jamaica Plain, MA, USA
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Shishkanova TV, Broncová G, Skálová A, Prokopec V, Člupek M, Král V. Potentiometric Electronic Tongue for Taste Assessment of Ibuprofen Based Pharmaceuticals. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana V. Shishkanova
- Department of Analytical ChemistryUniversity of Chemistry and Technology Prague 166 28 Prague 6 Technická 5 Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Broncová
- Department of Analytical ChemistryUniversity of Chemistry and Technology Prague 166 28 Prague 6 Technická 5 Czech Republic
| | - Annemarie Skálová
- Department of Analytical ChemistryUniversity of Chemistry and Technology Prague 166 28 Prague 6 Technická 5 Czech Republic
| | - Vadym Prokopec
- Department of Analytical ChemistryUniversity of Chemistry and Technology Prague 166 28 Prague 6 Technická 5 Czech Republic
| | - Martin Člupek
- Department of Analytical ChemistryUniversity of Chemistry and Technology Prague 166 28 Prague 6 Technická 5 Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Král
- Department of Analytical ChemistryUniversity of Chemistry and Technology Prague 166 28 Prague 6 Technická 5 Czech Republic
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Al-Kasmi B, Al Rahal O, El-Zein H, Nattouf AH. Structural and in vitro in vivo evaluation for taste masking. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018; 15:1105-1116. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1535590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Basheer Al-Kasmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Syria
| | - Okba Al Rahal
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Hind El-Zein
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Syria
| | - Abdul-Hakim Nattouf
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Syria
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14
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Developments in Taste-Masking Techniques for Traditional Chinese Medicines. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:pharmaceutics10030157. [PMID: 30213035 PMCID: PMC6161181 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of pharmacologically active substances, including chemotherapeutic drugs and the substances from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), always exhibit potent bioactivities after oral administration. However, their unpleasant taste (such as bitterness) and/or odor always decrease patient compliance and thus compromise their curative efficacies in clinical application. Therefore, the developments of taste-masking techniques are of great significance in improving their organoleptic properties. However, though a variety of taste-masking techniques have been successfully used to mask the unpalatable taste of chemotherapeutic drugs, their suitability for TCM substances is relatively limited. This is mainly due to the fact that the bitter ingredients existing in multicomponent TCM systems (i.e., effective fractions, single Chinese herbs, and compound preparations) are always unclear, and thus, there is lack of tailor-made taste-masking techniques to be utilized to conceal their unpleasant taste. The relevant studies are also relatively limited. As a whole, three types of taste-masking techniques are generally applied to TCM, including (i) functional masking via sweeteners, bitter blockers, and taste modifiers; (ii) physical masking via polymer film-coating or lipid barrier systems; and (iii) biochemical masking via intermolecular interaction, β-cyclodextrin inclusion, or ion-exchange resins. This review fully summarizes the results reported in this field with the purpose of providing an informative reference for relevant readers.
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Chay SK, Keating AV, James C, Aliev AE, Haider S, Craig DQM. Evaluation of the taste-masking effects of (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin on ranitidine hydrochloride; a combined biosensor, spectroscopic and molecular modelling assessment. RSC Adv 2018; 8:3564-3573. [PMID: 35542937 PMCID: PMC9077696 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11015d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste assessment in an increasingly important aspect of formulation development, particularly for paediatric medications. Electronic taste sensing systems have the potential to offer a rapid, objective and safe method of taste assessment prior to the use of more costly human panels or animal models. In this study, the ability of the TS-5000Z taste sensing system to assess the taste masking efficiency of (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CyD) complexes with ranitidine hydrochloride was evaluated in order to explore the potential of the biosensor approach as a means of assessing taste masking by inclusion complexation. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and molecular docking studies were employed to identify and examine the interaction between ranitidine hydrochloride and HP-β-CyD. Taste-masking efficiencies were determined by the Euclidean distance between taste-masked formulations and the pure drug substance on a PCA score plot. The results showed that with increasing molarity of HP-β-CyD in the formulation, the distance from ranitidine hydrochloride increased, thus indicating a significant difference between the taste of the formulation and that of the pure drug. NMR studies also provided strong supporting evidence for the complexation between HP-β-CyD and ranitidine hydrochloride, with the H3′ region of the former identified as the most likely binding site for the drug. Molecular docking studies suggested that the dimethylamino and diamine groups of the drug form direct hydrogen bonds with the hydroxyl oxygen atoms of HP-β-CyD, while the furan ring docks in close proximity to H3′. This study has demonstrated that the biosensor system may provide quantitative data to assess bitterness of inclusion complexes with HP-β-CyD, while spectroscopic and modelling studies may provide a mechanistic explanation for the taste masking process. This in turn suggests that there is a role for biosensor approaches in providing early screening for taste masking using inclusion complexation and that the combination with mechanistic studies may provide insights into the molecular basis of taste and taste masking. A correlation between taste masking, assessed using a taste sensor system, and inclusion complex formation, assessed using NMR and molecular docking studies, has been identified for ranitidine HCl and (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Kin Chay
- University College London School of Pharmacy
- London WC1N 1AX
- UK
| | | | - Colin James
- University College London School of Pharmacy
- London WC1N 1AX
- UK
| | - Abil E. Aliev
- University College London Department of Chemistry
- London WC1H 0AJ
- UK
| | - Shozeb Haider
- University College London School of Pharmacy
- London WC1N 1AX
- UK
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Chen T, Li J, Chen T, Sun CC, Zheng Y. Tablets of multi-unit pellet system for controlled drug delivery. J Control Release 2017; 262:222-231. [PMID: 28774838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The tablet of multi-unit pellet system (TMUPS), using coated pellets, for controlled release of drugs is an effective therapeutic alternative to conventional immediate-release dosage forms. The main advantages of TMUPS include a) ease of swallowing and b) divisible without compromising the drug release characteristics of the individual units. TMUPS can be prepared more economically than pellet-filled capsules because of the much higher production rate of tableting process. In spite of the superiorities of TMUPS, its adoption has been challenged by manufacturing problems, such as compromised integrity of coated pellets and poor content uniformity. Herein, we provide an updated review on research, from both scientific literatures and patents, related to the compaction of TMUPS. Factors important for the successful production of TMUPS are summarized, including model drug property, potential cushioning agents, and novel techniques to protect pellets from damage. This review is intended to facilitate the future development of manufacturable TMUPS with drug release behavior similar to that of the original coated pellets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongkai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Zhitong Laboratories Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Changquan Calvin Sun
- Pharmaceutical Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
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Muley S, Nandgude T, Poddar S. Extrusion–spheronization a promising pelletization technique: In-depth review. Asian J Pharm Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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18
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Wesoły M, Cal K, Ciosek P, Wróblewski W. Influence of dissolution-modifying excipients in various pharmaceutical formulations on electronic tongue results. Talanta 2016; 162:203-209. [PMID: 27837819 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The overall performance of a potentiometric electronic tongue (ET) as well as the sensitivity and selectivity pattern of particular ion-selective electrodes forming the array towards exemplary APIs (metamizole sodium, pseudoephedrine sulphate) and excipients (hypromellose, carmellose, Eudragit E) was determined. Simultaneous sensing of both API and the encapsulating excipient in their physical mixture was noticed using potentiometric sensors. Usually, such altering of chemical image is treated as an evidence of taste masking/modified release effect (linked with chemical entrapment of API in polymer matrix), while the observed "mixture effect" can also take place which may complicate the interpretation of ET results. Moreover, the influence of the same excipients on chemical images of various APIs was compared and related to sensor array performance. The presented considerations should be taken into account in the case of ET assessment of drug dissolution profiles and detection of modified release effect, especially when novel drug delivery systems are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Wesoły
- Department of Microbioanalytics, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Cal
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Gdańsk Medical University, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Patrycja Ciosek
- Department of Microbioanalytics, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wróblewski
- Department of Microbioanalytics, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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Aguiar JP, Fernandes TAP, Nese C, Fernandes AI, Pinto JF. Production and characterization of spray-dried theophylline powders prepared from fresh milk for potential use in paediatrics. J Pharm Pharmacol 2016; 69:554-566. [PMID: 27484845 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work evaluates the potential of using fresh milk to deliver theophylline to children. METHODS Theophylline-fresh milk systems were prepared using different solids ratios (0 : 1-1 : 0) and three fat contents in commercial milks (low, medium and high), which were spray-dried at different inlet air temperatures (Tinlet - 105, 130 and 150 °C). The process was evaluated for yield and the resulting powders for moisture content (MC), particle size and shape, density and wettability. Theophylline-milk potential interactions (differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and FT-IR) and chemical (theophylline content) and microbiological stability of powders (shelf and in-use) were also evaluated. KEY FINDINGS The production yield (13.6-76.0%), MC (0.0-10.3%) and contact angles in water (77.29-93.51°) were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by Tinlet , but no differences were found concerning the mean particle size (3.0-4.3 μm) of the different powders. The milk fat content significantly (P < 0.05) impacted on the density (1.244-1.552 g/cm3 ). Theophylline content remained stable after 6 months of storage, before extemporaneous reconstitution. After reconstitution in water, low-fat milk samples (stored at 4 °C) met the microbial pharmacopoeia criteria for up to 7 days. No theophylline-milk components interaction was observed. CONCLUSION Spray-dried milk-composed powders may be used as vehicles for theophylline delivery in paediatrics following further characterization and in-vivo evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P Aguiar
- CiiEM - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Tânia A P Fernandes
- CiiEM - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carlotta Nese
- iMed.ULisboa - Dep. Farmácia Galénica e Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana I Fernandes
- CiiEM - Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz, Caparica, Portugal
| | - João F Pinto
- iMed.ULisboa - Dep. Farmácia Galénica e Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Patadia J, Tripathi R, Joshi A. Melt-in-Mouth Multi-particulate System for the Treatment of ADHD: A Convenient Platform for Pediatric Use. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:878-90. [PMID: 26392403 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0412-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Generally, pellets obtained from extrusion/spheronization, containing microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), do not disintegrate. An attempt has been made to develop melt-in-mouth pellets of taste-masked atomoxetine hydrochloride, using extrusion-spheronization, for pediatric patients. Melt-in-mouth pellets were prepared using extrusion-spheronization method and optimized using 3(3) FFD. MCC (X1, %), mannitol (X2, %) and Indion 414: Pharmaburst 500 ratio (X3, ratio) were the factors (independent variables) studied, whereas responses studied (dependent variables) were friability (Y1, %), yield (Y2, %) shape (Y3, roundness) in vitro disintegration time (Y4, seconds). The optimized formulation obtained from FFD was characterized for friability, shape and morphology, in vitro disintegration time, porosity, moisture uptake, in vitro release study and in vivo taste and disintegration time in healthy human volunteers. Randomized, two-treatment, two-sequence, two-period, single dose, crossover sensory evaluation study of taste-masked melt-in-mouth pellet was carried out in 10 healthy human subjects. A statistically significant polynomial mathematical relationship was generated between the factors and responses to obtain an optimized formulation. The optimized formulation was characterized (in vitro and in vivo) and exhibited a rapid drug release in vitro attributed to fast disintegration of pellets and high solubility of drug in 0.1 N HCl and buffer (pH 6.8). In vivo, 40% of volunteers ranked taste-masked optimized formulation as slightly bitter while 60% ranked it as no taste. The optimized pellets were conveniently administered in volunteers and exhibited rapid in-vivo disintegration in the oral cavity. Melt-in-mouth pellets can be a used as a platform technology for administering drugs to paediatric patients accurately and conveniently resulting in patient compliance.
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Hautala J, Heinämäki J, Hietala S, Juppo AM. Development of novel flavored Eudragit® E films for feline minitablet coatings. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Pediatric Dispersible Tablets: a Modular Approach for Rapid Prototyping. Pharm Res 2016; 33:2043-55. [PMID: 27251416 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-1946-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The design of pediatric formulations is challenging. Solid dosage forms for children have to meet the needs of different ages, e.g. high number of dosing increments and strengths. A modular formulation strategy offering the possibility of rapid prototyping was applied. Different tablet compositions and the resulting tablet characteristics were investigated for dispersible tablets using customized analytical methods. METHODS Fluid bed granules were blended with extragranular components, and compressed to tablets. Disintegration behavior was studied with a Texture Analyzer and a Tensiometer. RESULTS Methods for determination of disintegration time and water uptake of tablets were developed with a Texture Analyzer, and a Tensiometer, respectively. Twenty-two different tablet formulations were prepared and analyzed with respect to disintegration time, hardness, friability, and viscosity. Multivariate data analysis revealed a high impact of type and amount of viscosity enhancer on the disintegration behavior of tablets. An optimized formulation was selected with a disintegration time of 24 s. CONCLUSION Methods providing additional information on the disintegration behavior of dispersible tablets compared to standard pharmacopoeia methods were established. Selecting the right type and level of viscosity enhancer and superdisintegrant was critical for developing pediatric tablets with a disintegration time of less than 30 s but still pleasant mouth feel.
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Kape A, Ruick B, Drusch S. Characterisation of the work of adhesion of food grade coating materials on a maltodextrin model surface. Chem Eng Res Des 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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24
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Evaluation of the ability of powdered milk to produce minitablets containing paracetamol for the paediatric population. Chem Eng Res Des 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Micropellet-loaded rods with dose-independent sustained release properties for individual dosing via the Solid Dosage Pen. Int J Pharm 2016; 499:271-279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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26
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Rajesh AM, Bhatt SA, Brahmbhatt H, Anand PS, Popat KM. Taste masking of ciprofloxacin by ion-exchange resin and sustain release at gastric-intestinal through interpenetrating polymer network. Asian J Pharm Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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27
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Lean production of taste improved lipidic sodium benzoate formulations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 88:455-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Stange U, Führling C, Gieseler H. Freeze drying of orally disintegrating tablets containing taste masked naproxen sodium granules in blisters. Pharm Dev Technol 2014; 20:1018-1024. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2014.959179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Aleksovski A, Dreu R, Gašperlin M, Planinšek O. Mini-tablets: a contemporary system for oral drug delivery in targeted patient groups. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 12:65-84. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.951633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Cantor SL, Khan MA, Gupta A. Development and optimization of taste-masked orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) of clindamycin hydrochloride. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 41:1156-64. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.935392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Walsh J, Cram A, Woertz K, Breitkreutz J, Winzenburg G, Turner R, Tuleu C. Playing hide and seek with poorly tasting paediatric medicines: do not forget the excipients. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 73:14-33. [PMID: 24614069 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of paediatric medicines can be challenging since this is a diverse patient population with specific needs. For example, the toxicity of excipients may differ in children compared to adults and children have different taste preferences. Acceptable palatability of oral paediatric medicinal products is of great importance to facilitate patient adherence. This has been recognised by regulatory authorities and so is becoming a key aspect of paediatric pharmaceutical development studies. Many active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) have aversive taste characteristics and so it is necessary to utilise taste masking techniques to improve the palatability of paediatric oral formulations. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of different approaches to taste masking APIs in paediatric oral dosage forms, with a focus on the tolerability of excipients used. In addition, where possible, the provision of examples of some marketed products is made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Walsh
- Jenny Walsh Consulting Ltd, BioCity Nottingham, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GF, United Kingdom.
| | - Anne Cram
- Drug Product Development, Pfizer Ltd, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Katharina Woertz
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Building 26.22, Universitaetsstrasse 1,40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Joerg Breitkreutz
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Building 26.22, Universitaetsstrasse 1,40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | | | - Roy Turner
- Novartis Pharma AG, Postfach, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Catherine Tuleu
- Centre for Paediatric Pharmacy Research, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom.
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Liu R, Zhang X, Zhang L, Gao X, Li H, Shi J, Li X. Bitterness intensity prediction of berberine hydrochloride using an electronic tongue and a GA-BP neural network. Exp Ther Med 2014; 7:1696-1702. [PMID: 24926369 PMCID: PMC4043613 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to predict the bitterness intensity of a drug using an electronic tongue (e-tongue). The model drug of berberine hydrochloride was used to establish a bitterness prediction model (BPM), based on the taste evaluation of bitterness intensity by a taste panel, the data provided by the e-tongue and a genetic algorithm-back-propagation neural network (GA-BP) modeling method. The modeling characteristics of the GA-BP were compared with those of multiple linear regression, partial least square regression and BP methods. The determination coefficient of the BPM was 0.99965±0.00004, the root mean square error of cross-validation was 0.1398±0.0488 and the correlation coefficient of the cross-validation between the true and predicted values was 0.9959±0.0027. The model is superior to the other three models based on these indicators. In conclusion, the model established in this study has a high fitting degree and may be used for the bitterness prediction modeling of berberine hydrochloride of different concentrations. The model also provides a reference for the generation of BPMs of other drugs. Additionally, the algorithm of the study is able to conduct a rapid and accurate quantitative analysis of the data provided by the e-tongue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojie Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Huiling Li
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, P.R. China
| | - Junhan Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Xuelin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
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Pein M, Preis M, Eckert C, Kiene FE. Taste-masking assessment of solid oral dosage forms--a critical review. Int J Pharm 2014; 465:239-54. [PMID: 24509066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Approaches to improve the taste of oral dosage forms that contain unpleasant tasting drugs are versatile. Likewise, the analytical in vitro and in vivo methods to assess taste-masking efficacy are diverse. Taste-masking has gained in importance since the EU legislation on medicines for children came into force in 2007, and taste-masking attributes are often required by regulatory authorities. However, standardized guidance for the analytical evaluation is still poor. Published protocols rarely consider real conditions, such as the volume of saliva or the residence time of solid oral dosage forms in the mouth. Methodological limitations and problems regarding time point of evaluation, sampling or sample pretreatment are hardly ever addressed. This critical review aims to evaluate and discuss published strategies in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Pein
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Maren Preis
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Carolin Eckert
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Florian E Kiene
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Guhmann M, Preis M, Gerber F, Pöllinger N, Breitkreutz J, Weitschies W. Design, development and in-vitro evaluation of diclofenac taste-masked orodispersible tablet formulations. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 41:540-51. [PMID: 24495274 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.884122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fast onset of action is prerequisite for acute pain medication. A palatable orodispersible medicine of diclofenac providing rapid analgesic effect should improve patient compliance and treatment. OBJECTIVE In the present study, diclofenac taste-masked orodispersible tablets (ODTs) with fast release characteristics were developed. Different taste-masking approaches and formulation concepts were screened in vitro for candidate selection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diclofenac was used as free acid. Five taste-masked microgranule formulations were prepared by wet granulation and/or coating processes, and compressed to ODTs. Citric acid (pH-modifying agent) and Eudragit® E PO (amino methacrylate copolymer) were used as taste-masking agents. Evaluation criteria were (i) disintegration time, (ii) processability and (iii) in-vitro dissolution profiles in simulated saliva (pH 7.4, 5 mL, 3 min) and compendial pH-change media (paddle, 50 rpm). The prototypes were compared to reference ODTs (without taste-masking). Most suitable ODT prototypes were selected and further evaluated for taste-masking efficiency using an electronic tongue. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In simulated saliva, the drug was slower released from the prototypes (between 1.1% and 15.5%) than from reference ODTs (23.7%). Less dissolved particles are thus expected in vivo for taste perception. Two ODT prototypes showed fast and complete drug release in phosphate buffer. The formulation providing the most efficient taste-masking was selected guided by electronic tongue data. CONCLUSION A novel palatable and fast acting diclofenac ODT formulation was successfully developed. Formulation design, development and in-vitro evaluation used in this study may serve as rational approach for manufacturing taste-masked orodispersible dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Guhmann
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
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Dissolution methodology for taste masked oral dosage forms. J Control Release 2014; 173:32-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kayumba PC, Twagirumukiza M, Huyghebaert N, Ntawukuliryayo JD, van Bortel L, Vervaet C, Remon JP. Taste-masked quinine sulphate pellets: bio-availability in adults and steady-state plasma concentrations in children with uncomplicatedPlasmodium falciparummalaria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 28:103-9. [DOI: 10.1179/146532808x302116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug delivery systems (DDSs) are important for effective, safe, and convenient administration of drugs. pH- and ion-responsive polymers have been widely employed in DDS for site-specific drug release due to their abilities to exploit specific pH- or ion-gradients in the human body. AREAS COVERED Having pH-sensitivity, cationic polymers can mask the taste of drugs and release drugs in the stomach by responding to gastric low pH. Anionic polymers responsive to intestinal high pH are used for preventing gastric degradation of drug, colon drug delivery and achieving high bioavailability of weak basic drugs. Tumor-targeted DDSs have been developed based on polymers with imidazole groups or poly(β-amino ester) responsive to tumoral low pH. Polymers with pH-sensitive chemical linkages, such as hydrazone, acetal, ortho ester and vinyl ester, pH-sensitive cell-penetrating peptides and cationic polymers undergoing pH-dependent protonation have been studied to utilize the pH gradient along the endocytic pathway for intracellular drug delivery. As ion-sensitive polymers, ion-exchange resins are frequently used for taste-masking, counterion-responsive drug release and sustained drug release. Polymers responding to ions in the saliva and gastrointestinal fluids are also used for controlled drug release in oral drug formulations. EXPERT OPINION Stimuli-responsive DDSs are important for achieving site-specific and controlled drug release; however, intraindividual, interindividual and intercellular variations of pH should be considered when designing DDSs or drug products. Combination of polymers and other components, and deeper understanding of human physiology are important for development of pH- and ion-sensitive polymeric DDS products for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Yoshida
- Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Labs, Astellas Pharma, Inc. , 180 Ozumi, Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-0072 , Japan +81 54 627 6861 ; +81 54 627 9918 ;
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Lou H, Liu M, Wang L, Mishra SR, Qu W, Johnson J, Brunson E, Almoazen H. Development of a mini-tablet of co-grinded prednisone-Neusilin complex for pediatric use. AAPS PharmSciTech 2013; 14:950-8. [PMID: 23761262 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-013-9981-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to enhance the dissolution rate of prednisone by co-grinding with Neusilin to form a complex that can be incorporated into a mini-tablet formulation for pediatrics. Prednisone-Neusilin complex was co-grinded at various ratios (1:1, 1:3, 1:5, and 1:7). The physicochemical properties of the complex were characterized by various analytical techniques including: differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), particle size, surface area, solubility, and dissolution rate. The co-grinded prednisone-Neusilin complex (1:7) was blended with other excipients and was formulated into a 2-mm diameter mini-tablet. The mini-tablets were further evaluated for thickness, weight, content uniformity, and dissolution rate. To improve taste masking and stability, mini-tablets were coated by dip coating with Eudragit® EPO solution. DSC and XRPD results showed that prednisone was transformed from crystalline state into amorphous state after co-grinding with Neusilin. Particle size, surface area, and SEM results confirmed that prednisone was adsorbed to Neusilin's surface. Co-grinded prednisone-Neusilin complex (1:7) had a solubility of 0.24 mg/mL and 90% dissolved within 20 min as compared to crystalline prednisone which had a solubility of 0.117 mg/mL and 30% dissolved within 20 min. The mini-tablets containing co-grinded prednisone-Neusilin complex (1:7) exhibited acceptable physicochemical and mechanical properties including dissolution rate enhancement. These mini-tablets were successfully dip coated in Eudragit® EPO solution to mask the taste of the drug during swallowing. This work illustrates the potential use of co-grinded prednisone-Neusilin to enhance solubility and dissolution rate as well as incorporation into a mini-tablet formulation for pediatric use.
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Mennella JA, Spector AC, Reed DR, Coldwell SE. The bad taste of medicines: overview of basic research on bitter taste. Clin Ther 2013; 35:1225-46. [PMID: 23886820 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many active pharmaceutical ingredients taste bitter and thus are aversive to children as well as many adults. Encapsulation of the medicine in pill or tablet form, an effective method for adults to avoid the unpleasant taste, is problematic for children. Many children cannot or will not swallow solid dose forms. OBJECTIVE This review highlights basic principles of gustatory function, with a special focus on the science of bitter taste, derived from studies of animal models and human psychophysics. We focus on the set of genes that encode the proteins that function as bitter receptors as well as the cascade of events that leads to multidimensional aspects of taste function, highlighting the role that animal models played in these discoveries. We also summarize psychophysical approaches to studying bitter taste in adult and pediatric populations, highlighting evidence of the similarities and differences in bitter taste perception and acceptance between adults and children and drawing on useful strategies from animal models. RESULTS Medicine often tastes bitter, and because children are more bitter-sensitive than are adults, this creates problems with compliance. Bitter arises from stimulating receptors in taste receptor cells, with signals processed in the taste bud and relayed to the brain. However, there are many gaps in our understanding of how best to measure bitterness and how to ameliorate it, including whether it is more efficiently addressed at the level of receptor and sensory signaling, at the level of central processing, or by masking techniques. All methods of measuring responsiveness to bitter ligands-in animal models through human psychophysics or with "electronic tongues"-have limitations. CONCLUSIONS Better-tasting medications may enhance pediatric adherence to drug therapy. Sugars, acids, salt, and other substances reduce perceived bitterness of several pharmaceuticals, and although pleasant flavorings may help children consume some medicines, they often are not effective in suppressing bitter tastes. Further development of psychophysical tools for children will help us better understand their sensory worlds. Multiple testing strategies will help us refine methods to assess acceptance and compliance by various pediatric populations. Research involving animal models, in which the gustatory system can be more invasively manipulated, can elucidate mechanisms, ultimately providing potential targets. These approaches, combined with new technologies and guided by findings from clinical studies, will potentially lead to effective ways to enhance drug acceptance and compliance in pediatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Mennella
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3308, USA.
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Choi DH, Kim NA, Nam TS, Lee S, Jeong SH. Evaluation of taste-masking effects of pharmaceutical sweeteners with an electronic tongue system. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:308-17. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.758636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Siddiqui A, Shah RB, Khan MA. Oseltamivir Phosphate–Amberlite™ IRP 64 Ionic Complex for Taste Masking: Preparation and Chemometric Evaluation. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:1800-1812. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Wang Y, Feng Y, Wu Y, Liang S, Xu D. Sensory evaluation of the taste of berberine hydrochloride using an Electronic Tongue. Fitoterapia 2013; 86:137-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Stange U, Führling C, Gieseler H. Taste masking of naproxen sodium granules by fluid-bed coating. Pharm Dev Technol 2013; 19:137-47. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2012.757784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ito M, Ikehama K, Yoshida K, Haraguchi T, Yoshida M, Wada K, Uchida T. Bitterness prediction of H1-antihistamines and prediction of masking effects of artificial sweeteners using an electronic tongue. Int J Pharm 2013; 441:121-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Singh A, Majumdar S, Deng W, Mohammed N, Chittiboyina A, Raman V, Shah S, Repka M. Development and characterization of taste masked Efavirenz pellets utilizing hot melt extrusion. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(13)50024-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Yoshida T, Kurimoto I, Umejima H, Watanabe S, Sako K, Kikuchi A. Effects of dissolved state of aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer E/HCl on solubility enhancement effect for poorly water-soluble drugs. Colloid Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-012-2848-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Tan Q, Zhang L, Liu G, He D, Yin H, Wang H, Wu J, Liao H, Zhang J. Novel taste-masked orally disintegrating tablets for a highly soluble drug with an extremely bitter taste: design rationale and evaluation. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 39:1364-71. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.718784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Chivate A, Sargar V, Nalawade P, Tawde V. Formulation and development of oral dry suspension using taste masked Ornidazole particles prepared using Kollicoat®Smartseal 30 D. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 39:1091-7. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.709250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Campbell GA, Charles JA, Roberts-Skilton K, Tsundupalli M, Oh CK, Weinecke A, Wagner R, Franz D. Evaluating the taste masking effectiveness of various flavors in a stable formulated pediatric suspension and solution using the Astree™ electronic tongue. POWDER TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2012.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Perrie Y, Badhan RKS, Kirby DJ, Lowry D, Mohammed AR, Ouyang D. The impact of ageing on the barriers to drug delivery. J Control Release 2012; 161:389-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Revised: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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