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Prizeman K, Weinstein N, McCabe C. Strategies to overcome mental health stigma: Insights and recommendations from young people with major depressive disorder (MDD). Brain Behav 2024; 14:e70028. [PMID: 39295100 PMCID: PMC11410881 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.70028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young people with depression are met with stigma related to their mental health, which exacerbates loneliness, social isolation, and depression symptoms. While disclosing depression could improve one's mental health, stigma can also make social interactions more challenging and reduce the likelihood of receiving treatment. This research explored young people's experiences with stigma and recommendations for addressing it. METHODS Semi-structured interviews conducted with N = 35 young people aged 18-25 years (Mage = 20.09) were analyzed with thematic analysis. Participants met the criteria for clinical depression using the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (score >27) or had recently obtained a medical diagnosis (N = 18) of depression by a medical professional. RESULTS Participants faced stigma when deciding to disclose their depression, which fed into a vicious cycle influencing feelings of loneliness, social isolation, and withdrawal. Their recommendations for others to avoid this cycle can be summarized under three main themes: (1) Social affirmation: identify allies and build meaningful connections; (2) Self-affirmation: build a constructive relationship with the self; and (3) Societal affirmation: structural changes are needed. CONCLUSIONS The current research indicates that social, self-, and societal affirmation are considered important for reducing the detrimental impacts of stigma. Policies and programs are needed that provide mental health support to young people, and public awareness campaigns that guide young people to appropriate resources (i.e., support and intervention) via governmental public health bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Prizeman
- Department of Psychology and Clinical Language SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - Netta Weinstein
- Department of Psychology and Clinical Language SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
| | - Ciara McCabe
- Department of Psychology and Clinical Language SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
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Nguyen CTP, Beyers W, Valcke M, Dinh HVT. Care Competencies Training Enhances Adolescents' Well-being: A Randomized Controlled Trial. PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTION 2024; 33:147-169. [PMID: 39234358 PMCID: PMC11370128 DOI: 10.5093/pi2024a10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Objective: This intervention study seeks to assess the impact of a care competencies training program on students' well-being. Method: This randomized controlled trial involved 191 Vietnamese adolescents (65.4% female, Mage = 16 years and 8 months) in a 7-week intervention study that used video vignettes to build their care competencies. Validated scales were used to determine their care competencies (Care Competencies Questionnaire for Adolescents) and well-being (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale and Satisfaction with Life Scale) at three points in time: before, immediately after, and two months after the intervention. The full-information maximum likelihood approach was applied to latent growth curve modeling (LGM) in Mplus 8.5 to estimate the initial level (i.e., intercept) and the change (i.e., slope) in care competencies and well-being among adolescents over time. Factor scores of LGMs were saved for correlation and multiple linear regression analysis by using SPSS (version 26.0) to explore the relationships between the changes in care competencies/failures and the changes in well-being. Results: Results showed that, next to a significant increase in care competencies and a significant decrease in care failures, other well-being variables also significantly changed in the intervention group. In the intervention group, but not in the control group, changes in care competencies and failures consistently and significantly predicted changes in well-being. Conclusion: The results support the potential of the video vignette-based intervention to promote the development of adolescents' care competencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cat-Tuong Phuoc Nguyen
- University of EducationHue UniversityDepartment of Psychology and EducationVietnamDepartment of Psychology and Education, University of Education, Hue University, Vietnam;
| | - Wim Beyers
- Ghent UniversityFaculty of Psychology and Educational SciencesDepartment of Developmental, Personality and Social PsychologyBelgiumFaculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Martin Valcke
- Ghent UniversityFaculty of Psychology and Educational SciencesDepartment of Developmental, Personality and Social PsychologyBelgiumFaculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Hong-Van T. Dinh
- University of EducationHue UniversityDepartment of Psychology and EducationVietnamDepartment of Psychology and Education, University of Education, Hue University, Vietnam;
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Liu Q, Yang X, Zhang C, Xiong J. Is decreasing problematic mobile phone use a pathway for alleviating adolescent depression and sleep disorders? A randomized controlled trial testing the effectiveness of an eight-session mindfulness-based intervention. J Behav Addict 2024; 13:525-541. [PMID: 38905005 PMCID: PMC11220812 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2024.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) intervention in reducing problematic mobile phone use, depression, and sleep disorders among adolescents. Additionally, it sought to investigate whether the decrease in problematic mobile phone use acted as a mediator in the relationship between the MBCT intervention and adolescent depression and sleep disorders. Methods In a randomized controlled trial, a total of 104 adolescents were randomly assigned to the mindfulness group (n = 52) or the wait-list control group (n = 52). The mindfulness group students completed eight 45-min sessions of mindfulness training in four weeks. The outcomes were measured at baseline, postintervention, and at the 2-month follow-up. Results Compared with the control group, the mindfulness group had significantly greater levels of mindfulness and lower levels of problematic mobile phone use, depression, and sleep disorders postintervention. The intervention effects were maintained at the 2-month follow-up. In addition, decreased problematic mobile phone use significantly mediated the association between the MBCT intervention and decreased depression and decreased sleep disorders. Conclusion The findings suggest that MBCT could improve adolescent depression and sleep disorders and that decreasing problematic mobile phone use is an effective pathway accounting for the MBCT intervention effect on adolescent depression and sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqi Liu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xiujuan Yang
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center/Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen 518118, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chenyan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Center of Mental Health Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
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Ng TJ, Ling J, Robbins LB, Kao TSA. Stress Management Interventions Among U.S. High School Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2024; 30:252-278. [PMID: 36971329 DOI: 10.1177/10783903231161608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent ineffective stress management has been associated with negative health outcomes, such as anxiety and depression. Comprehensively evaluating the effects of stress management interventions is needed. AIMS The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the effects of stress management interventions on mental health outcomes (stress, anxiety, depression, and positive and negative affect) and perform moderation analysis to identify moderators of intervention effects on stress, anxiety, and depression among U.S. high school adolescents. METHODS Four databases (CINAHL, ERIC, PubMed, and PsycINFO) were searched. After literature screening, 24 articles describing 25 studies were retained. Hedge's g was calculated using random-effects models. Exploratory moderation analyses were performed to identify moderators. RESULTS The pooled effects on reducing stress were -0.36. The interventions had small effects on decreasing anxiety (g = -0.31) and depression (g = -0.23). Long-term follow-up effects were -0.77 on perceived stress, -0.08 on anxiety, and -0.19 on depression. Mind-body and cognitive-behavioral interventions had moderate effects on reducing anxiety (g = -0.51). Interventions with longer duration (>8 weeks) were more effective in reducing anxiety (-0.39 vs. -0.26) and depression (-0.36 vs. -0.17). CONCLUSIONS These findings support the short-term effectiveness of stress management interventions in improving mental health among high school adolescents in the United States. Subsequent research efforts should focus on sustaining long-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa J Ng
- Teresa J. Ng, PhD Student, BSN, RN, Michigan State University College of Nursing, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jiying Ling
- Jiying Ling, PhD, RN, FAAN, Michigan State University College of Nursing, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Lorraine B Robbins
- Lorraine B. Robbins, PhD, RN, FNP-BC, FAAN, Michigan State University College of Nursing, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Tsui-Sui A Kao
- Tsui-sui "Annie" Kao, PhD, RN, FNP-BC, FAANP, Michigan State University College of Nursing, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Rabbani M, Hosseinian S, Nosrati S. The relationships between parental attachment, peer attachment, automatic thoughts, and mindfulness skills among Iranian adolescents. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38494983 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the relationship between parental attachment, peer attachments, and automatic thoughts with adolescent mindfulness skills in Iranian adolescents, drawing on internal working models and social cognitive theory. The data was collected from a sample of Iranian adolescents in Tehran using standardized measurement instruments previously developed by researchers. The collected data was analyzed using both simple and multiple regression analyses. The results revealed a positive and significant association between parental attachment and peer attachments with adolescent mindfulness skills. Conversely, automatic thoughts were found to have a negative impact on adolescent mindfulness skills. These findings suggest that strengthening attachments can contribute to the enhancement of mindfulness skills in adolescents, while addressing automatic thoughts is crucial in preventing the erosion of mindfulness skills. Consequently, experts can design interventions that focus on improving attachments and addressing automatic thoughts to promote adolescent mindfulness skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohtaram Rabbani
- Academic Unit of Human Communication, Learning and Development, Faculty of Education, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simin Hosseinian
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Nosrati
- School of Hotel and Tourism Management, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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DiFonte MC, Schick MR, Spillane NS. Perceived stress and resilience among college students: The roles of self-compassion and anxiety symptomatology. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024; 72:128-134. [PMID: 35114902 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.2024211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study explored the role of self-compassion on the relationship between perceived stress and resilience among college students experiencing different levels of anxiety symptomatology. PARTICIPANTS Three hundred and forty-five undergraduate students (Mage= 19.66; 74.8% female) were recruited from a public university in the northeastern United States. METHODS Participants completed self-report measures assessing perceived stress, self-compassion, anxiety symptomatology, and resilience. RESULTS Self-compassion was found to indirectly affect the association between perceived stress and resilience at both low (b = -0.06, 95% CI [-0.08, -0.04]) and high levels (b = -0.03, 95% CI [-0.05, -0.01]) of anxiety symptomatology. The index of moderated mediation was significant (b = 0.005, 95% CI [0.001, 0.01]). CONCLUSIONS Results of the present study suggest that interventions to enhance resilience should incorporate strategies aimed at managing stress and anxiety and increasing self-compassion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C DiFonte
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Melissa R Schick
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Nichea S Spillane
- Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, USA
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Tali E, Potharst ES, de Bruin EI, Utens EMWJ. Self-Compassion and Anxiety in Adolescents with and without Anxiety Disorder. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1181. [PMID: 37508678 PMCID: PMC10378593 DOI: 10.3390/children10071181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have linked self-compassion to mental health, specifically anxiety, in non-clinical adolescents, suggesting that self-compassion can be a protective factor against anxiety. This study compared the overall level of self-compassion and (un)compassionate self-responding in adolescents with and without an anxiety disorder and assessed the association between self-compassion and anxiety. This cross-sectional study included adolescents (12-19 years) with an anxiety disorder (N = 23) and a reference group (N = 28). Participants completed the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Results showed that overall self-compassion and uncompassionate self-responding were significantly lower and higher in the clinical than the reference group, respectively, while compassionate self-responding did not differ between groups. In the clinical group, only uncompassionate self-responding was significantly associated with higher anxiety. In the reference group, uncompassionate self-responding showed a significant positive association with anxiety, and compassionate self-responding showed a significant negative association with anxiety. Although the results suggest that low uncompassionate self-responding may buffer against anxiety, the role of compassionate and uncompassionate self-responding remains unclear. An alternative explanation is that the uncompassionate self-responding items measure the presence of psychopathology in adolescents with an anxiety disorder. More research on the construct validity of the SCS uncompassionate self-responding scale is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edibe Tali
- Levvel, Rijksstraatweg 145, 1115 AP Duivendrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eva S Potharst
- UvA Minds, Academic Outpatient (Child and Adolescent) Treatment Centre, University of Amsterdam, Banstraat 29, 1071 JW Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther I de Bruin
- UvA Minds, Academic Outpatient (Child and Adolescent) Treatment Centre, University of Amsterdam, Banstraat 29, 1071 JW Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M W J Utens
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 127, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 8, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Seekis V, Farrell L, Zimmer-Gembeck M. A classroom-based pilot of a self-compassion intervention to increase wellbeing in early adolescents. Explore (NY) 2023; 19:267-270. [PMID: 35691865 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A Classroom-Based Pilot of a Self-Compassion Intervention to Increase Wellbeing in Early adolescents Abstract Objective: Our first aim was to examine the effect of a 4-week self-compassion-based intervention on emotional well-being in a school classroom of early adolescents. The second aim was to evaluate feasibility and acceptability of the program within a classroom setting. Design: This study was a pre-post pilot design utilizing paired sample t -tests to examine within-person changes in the outcome measures prior to, and following, the intervention. Bivariate correlations were also used to assess covariation between the pre-to-post change scores in self-compassion and the pre-to-post change scores in the outcome measures. SETTING The intervention was conducted during a wellbeing class at a culturally diverse secondary school. PARTICIPANTS The sample comprised 18 students aged 12- to 14-years old ( M age = 12.44, SD = 0.61). Intervention: A brief self-compassion-based program, Be Kind to Yourself, Inspire Others, was developed specifically for early adolescents and delivered across four 70- minute lessons. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The outcome measures were self-compassion, resilience, perceived stress, social and general anxiety, and peer and school connectedness. RESULTS Findings revealed significant increases in self-compassion, resilience, and peer connectedness, and significant decreases in social and general anxiety at posttest, with small to medium effect sizes (Hedges' g = 0.30-0.67). No significant differences were found for perceived stress and school connectedness. Pre-to-post changes in self-compassion covaried with pre-to-post changes in resilience and peer connectedness. Feasibility and acceptability were high. Findings suggest that a brief, classroom-based self-compassion intervention may be feasible and effective in improving indicators of emotional well-being among early adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veya Seekis
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Gold Coast 4222, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Lara Farrell
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Gold Coast 4222, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Melanie Zimmer-Gembeck
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Parklands Drive, Gold Coast 4222, Queensland, Australia.
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Wang H, Lou X. The Correlation Between Self-Compassion and Life Satisfaction Varies Across Societal Individualism-Collectivism: A Three-Level Meta-Analysis. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00220221221109547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Self-compassion is positively correlated with life satisfaction. However, no previous work examined the cross-cultural difference regarding the effect size of this correlation. Using 79 independent samples ( N = 23,976) from 26 countries/regions, this three-level meta-analysis synthesized the effect sizes of their correlation, partitioned the between-study heterogeneity into the within- and between-country levels, and examined the moderating role of national culture according to the revised Minkov-Hofstede model. Results indicated that self-compassion was positively correlated with life satisfaction, with a moderate-to-large effect size (.40 ≤ r ≤ .47); 33.66% and 35.73% of the effect size variance could be attributed to the within-country and between-country heterogeneities; this correlation was stronger in samples collected from more individualistic societies. This study highlights that self-compassion may fit differently into different cultural realities and the importance of raising cultural awareness in future self-compassion research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobi Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Parsonage-Harrison J, Birken M, Harley D, Dawes H, Eklund M. A scoping review of interventions using occupation to improve mental health or mental wellbeing in adolescent populations. Br J Occup Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/03080226221110391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Occupation-based interventions could help to address a growing mental health crisis among young people and adolescents. To develop new interventions and avoid research waste, a review of the academic literature is needed that systematically identifies and describes interventions designed to improve the mental health and wellbeing of 11–25 year-olds. Aim The scoping review aims to systematically review the academic, literature to identify and describe key characteristics of intervention studies using occupation to improve adolescents’ and young people’s mental health and wellbeing, exploring the range of interventions, reviewing reporting quality and illuminating gaps for further research. Method An iteratively developed scoping review protocol informs a systematic database search and review of the literature. Core characteristics are extracted and described, using the TIDIER guidelines and the CASP assessment tool. Results Five occupational therapy-based interventions, and 69 other occupation-based studies representing a wide breadth of approaches, outcomes and settings were identified. Conclusions Robust development, testing and reporting of occupation-based and occupation-focused intervention studies to promote and support mental health and wellbeing in adolescents and young people are needed. Interventions should be co-designed, developmentally appropriate and scaffold development. However, better agreement is needed about core outcomes measurement in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary Birken
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Harley
- Occupational Therapist, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen Dawes
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Mona Eklund
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Sweden
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Zhu D. English as a Foreign Language Teachers' Identity and Motivation: The Role of Mindfulness. Front Psychol 2022; 13:940372. [PMID: 35837643 PMCID: PMC9274092 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.940372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Teaching is a career with a high rate of anxiety and burnout in all phases of teaching with specific challenges related to the feature of language education. The concept of motivation can be an important basic mechanism since educators who are not motivated are distressed because of the anxious characteristic of the education profession. Moreover, educator identity is a new issue that has built a perspective to examine educators' growth by thinking about who they are as well as how they perform what they perform in a specific situation. Recently, programs that are based on mindfulness are known as efficient interventions enhancing motivation and decreasing tension in people. Given the prominence of mindfulness in educational settings and its neglected role in foreign language learning, the contemporary review attempts to inspect the function of mindfulness on English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers' motivation and identity. Subsequently, some pedagogical recommendations for the educational representatives such as teachers and teacher trainers are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianyong Zhu
- School of Foreign Languages and Literature, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Egan SJ, Rees CS, Delalande J, Greene D, Fitzallen G, Brown S, Webb M, Finlay-Jones A. A Review of Self-Compassion as an Active Ingredient in the Prevention and Treatment of Anxiety and Depression in Young People. ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY IN MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2022; 49:385-403. [PMID: 34559347 PMCID: PMC9005396 DOI: 10.1007/s10488-021-01170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous meta-analyses have found higher self-compassion is associated with lower anxiety and depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of self-compassion as an active ingredient in the treatment and prevention of anxiety and depression in youth. This was conducted through (i) a systematic review of the literature and (ii) qualitative consultation with young people and researchers in self-compassion. Fifty studies met our inclusion criteria. Eight studies evaluated self-compassion interventions among youth aged 14-24, and the remaining studies measured the association between self-compassion and anxiety, and/or depression among this age group. Qualitative interviews were conducted with four self-compassion researchers. Interviews were also conducted in two rounds of consultation with 20 young people (M age = 18.85 years, age range 14-24 years). Higher self-compassion was related to lower symptoms of anxiety, r = - 0.49, 95% CI (- 0.57, - 0.42), and depression, r = - 0.50, 95% CI (- 0.53, - 0.47). There was evidence for self-compassion interventions in decreasing anxiety and depression in young people. Consultation with young people indicated they were interested in self-compassion interventions; however, treatment should be available in a range of formats and tailored to address diversity. Self-compassion experts emphasised the importance of decreasing self-criticism as a reason why self-compassion interventions work. The importance of targeting self-criticism is supported by the preferences of young people who said they would be more likely to engage in a treatment reducing self-criticism than increasing self-kindness. Future research is required to add to the emerging evidence for self-compassion interventions decreasing symptoms of anxiety and depression in young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Egan
- enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6845, Australia.
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6845, Australia.
| | - Clare S Rees
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6845, Australia
| | - Joanna Delalande
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6845, Australia
| | - Danyelle Greene
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6845, Australia
| | - Grace Fitzallen
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6845, Australia
| | - Samantha Brown
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6845, Australia
| | - Marianne Webb
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6845, Australia
| | - Amy Finlay-Jones
- Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6845, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth Children's Hospital, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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Giménez-Llort L, Martín-González JJ, Maurel S. Secondary Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic in Fatigue, Self-Compassion, Physical and Mental Health of People with Multiple Sclerosis and Caregivers: The Teruel Study. Brain Sci 2021; 11:1233. [PMID: 34573254 PMCID: PMC8467200 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11091233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The secondary impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic are distress triggers and risk factors for mental health. Conversely, self-compassion skills and compassionate thoughts/behaviors towards suffering may contribute to their alleviation. Both psychological constructs are interrelated in life-threatening diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). The Teruel Study retrospectively evaluated the impact of strict confinement on the 44 people with MS of this Spanish province and 24 caregivers, specifically assessing (1) fears and perceptions; (2) self-compassion (people with MS) and compassion (caregivers); (3) physical and mental health, and fatigue. Despite better housing conditions, people with MS considered confinement very difficult to handle, more than their caregivers, but they were less afraid of COVID-19 and worsening of MS. Still, they recognized worse health than before confinement. Reclusion and lack of walks were the worst of confinement. Caregivers also referred to lack of leisure and uncertainty-fear. All agreed the best was staying with the family, but some found 'nothing' positive. Self-compassion remained moderate-high and strongly correlated with their moderate levels of social function, vitality, physical role, and global health. Physical and cognitive fatigue scores were high, and self-compassion negatively correlated with them, explaining a 19% variance in global health. The high compassion of the caregivers did not correlate with any variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Giménez-Llort
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Medical Psychology Unit, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Sara Maurel
- Department of Medicine, Hospital del Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatry, Universidad País Vasco, 48940 Leioa, Spain
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Wai Wa Chan E, Liang L, Huinan Liu N, Hou WK. The moderated associations of self-compassion with physiological and psychological stress responses: Comparisons between cancer caregivers and non-caregivers. J Health Psychol 2021; 27:2318-2329. [PMID: 34281426 DOI: 10.1177/13591053211030994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-compassion has been shown to be protective against stress. Whether its stress buffering effect differs between cancer caregivers and non-caregivers is unknown. This study examined the moderating effect of self-compassion among cancer caregivers relative to non-caregivers by recruiting cancer caregivers from the hospital and a community sample matching on sex and age. Participants completed a questionnaire which comprised the self-reported anxiety (STAI-6) and self-compassion (SCS-SF) measures, and administered cortisol sample collections with Salivette tubes at home. Whereas caregivers experienced higher diurnal cortisol level, the differential protective effects of self-compassion were only present against anxiety symptoms but not physiological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Wai Wa Chan
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Liang
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Nancy Huinan Liu
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, China.,Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai-Kai Hou
- Centre for Psychosocial Health, The Education University of Hong Kong, China.,Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, China
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Wang Q, Zhang J, Wang R, Wang C, Wang Y, Chen X, Mi G, Chen X, Cheng X, Wang L, Zhao H, Pan F, Zhong X. Sleep quality as a mediator of the association between coping styles and mental health: a population-based ten-year comparative study in a Chinese population. J Affect Disord 2021; 283:147-155. [PMID: 33549879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Little is known about the variation in sleep quality and its association with coping style and mental health in 21st century China, despite of enormous socioeconomic changes. This study aims to document the variation in sleep quality and its contribution to the association between coping style and mental health in China. METHODS Pooled cross-sectional data of 46,561 adults was obtained from the 2004 and 2015 mental health surveys conducted in Shandong Province, China. A Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were assessed, with mental health measured by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). A mediation regression model was run to test the mediating effect of sleep quality. RESULTS Above 10% reported poor sleep quality or median-to-high risk of mental disorders according to GHQ results in year 2015, and a significant but small improvement for sleep quality and mental health came during the studied decade, with the exception of poor sleep quality increasing among males. In 2015, a one-point increase in sleep quality score was associated with an increase of 0.17 (95% CI, 0.16-0.18) and 0.16 (95% CI, 0.14-0.17) points on the GHQ for males and females, respectively. Sleep quality mediated the relationship between negative tendency of coping style and elevated GHQ scores, and the mediating effects grew stronger in 2015 than those in 2004. LIMITATION The study is a cross-sectional study, and the sample is not nationally representative. CONCLUSION An integrative intervention of mental health promotion is recommended to account for sleep quality and coping strategies..
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingxuan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Mental Health Center, Jinan City, Shandong, China.
| | - Ruzhan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Mental Health Center, Jinan City, Shandong, China
| | - Can Wang
- Shandong Provincial Mental Health Center, Jinan City, Shandong, China
| | - Yanhu Wang
- Shandong Provincial Mental Health Center, Jinan City, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuzhe Chen
- Shandong Provincial Mental Health Center, Jinan City, Shandong, China
| | - Guolin Mi
- Shandong Provincial Mental Health Center, Jinan City, Shandong, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Shandong Provincial Mental Health Center, Jinan City, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojing Cheng
- Shandong Provincial Mental Health Center, Jinan City, Shandong, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Shandong Provincial Mental Health Center, Jinan City, Shandong, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fengming Pan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuefu Zhong
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Ponkosonsirilert T, Laemsak O, Pisitsungkagarn K, Jarukasemthawee S, Audboon S, Leangsuksant T. Stress, self-compassion, and school burnout in Thai high school students. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2020; 34:343-349. [PMID: 32853165 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2020-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives High school has been recognized as a critical period for many students. With the upcoming competition for university admission, they tend to encounter significant stress. Exceeding its optimal level, stress became debilitating and could escalate into school burnout, which entailed various negative outcomes. The current study, hence, was aimed to identify a protective factor that helped mediate the relationship between stress and school burnout in Thai high school students. Self-compassion was selected here, given its relevant conceptual grounds and its cultural relevance (i.e., Thai individuals shown to be particularly oriented toward self-compassion). Methods Data were collected from 170 Thai high school students, who responded to measures of stress, self-compassion, and school burnout. A structural equation model (SEM) was used to test the hypothetical model where the positive association between stress and school burnout was mediated by self-compassion. Results All indices of the model fits were confirmed, and the proposed model explained 80% of the variance in school burnout. Conclusion The role of self-compassion in alleviating the impact of stress on school burnout was shown and relevant implications were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Orawee Laemsak
- Faculty of Psychology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Siripat Audboon
- Faculty of Psychology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Carlton CN, Sullivan-Toole H, Strege MV, Ollendick TH, Richey JA. Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Adolescent Social Anxiety: A Unique Convergence of Factors. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1783. [PMID: 32774320 PMCID: PMC7387717 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a debilitating and often chronic psychiatric disorder that typically onsets during early adolescence. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), the current "gold-standard" treatment for SAD, tends to focus on threat- and fear-based systems hypothesized to maintain the disorder. Despite this targeted approach, SAD ranks among the least responsive anxiety disorders to CBT in adolescent samples, with a considerable proportion of individuals still reporting clinically significant symptoms following treatment, suggesting that the CBT-family of interventions may not fully target precipitating or maintaining factors of the disorder. This gap in efficacy highlights the need to consider new therapeutic modalities. Accordingly, this brief review critically evaluates the emergent literature supporting the use of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) for treating adolescent SAD. MBIs may be particularly relevant for addressing maintaining factors within this diagnosis, as they may target and interrupt cycles of avoidance and de-motivation. Despite limitations in the relative lack of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on this topic, a unique convergence of factors emerge from the extant literature that support the notion that MBIs may hold particular promise for attenuating symptoms of SAD in adolescents. These factors include: (1) MBIs demonstrate the ability to directly engage symptoms of SAD; (2) MBIs also show consistent reduction of anxiety, including symptoms of social anxiety in adolescent populations; and (3) MBIs demonstrate high rates of feasibility and acceptability in anxious adolescent samples. We briefly review each topic and conclude that MBIs are an encouraging treatment approach for reducing symptoms of social anxiety in adolescents. However, given the lack of research within MBIs for adolescent SAD in particular, more research is needed to determine if MBIs are more advantageous than other current treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne N. Carlton
- Clinical Science Program, Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Holly Sullivan-Toole
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Marlene V. Strege
- Clinical Science Program, Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Thomas H. Ollendick
- Clinical Science Program, Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - John A. Richey
- Clinical Science Program, Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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Cahill SM, Beisbier S. Occupational Therapy Practice Guidelines for Children and Youth Ages 5-21 Years. Am J Occup Ther 2020; 74:7404397010p1-7404397010p48. [PMID: 32602457 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2020.744001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Demand is increasing for activity- and occupation-based interventions to address occupational performance and support maximal participation of children and youth. OBJECTIVE This Practice Guideline was developed to guide decision making and support best practices in service delivery for children and youth ages 5-21 yr at home, at school, and in the community. METHOD The results from three systematic reviews (SRs) of activity- and occupation-based interventions for children and youth ages 5-21 yr were reviewed, synthesized, and translated into recommendations for education, practice, and research. RESULTS One hundred eighty-five articles were included in the three SRs examining the evidence for interventions to promote activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, play and leisure, and rest and sleep; to improve mental health, positive behavior, and social participation; and to enhance learning, academic achievement, and successful participation in school. The reviews provide evidence for interventions associated with typical concerns addressed by occupational therapy practitioners. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS On the basis of the evidence, this guideline recommends that occupational therapy practitioners consistently collaborate with families and caregivers and provide services in the natural context of the desired occupation. The evidence also supports group service models and models that include peer mediation; these models can promote participation across areas of occupation. Skills-based training and therapeutic practice in the context of valued occupations are recommended over isolated sensorimotor approaches. Technology, manualized programs, and sports activities can be effective but should be evaluated and matched to age, diagnosis, and outcomes as guided by the evidence. WHAT THIS ARTICLE ADDS When guided by evidence, activity- and occupation-based interventions are effective in promoting participation and enhancing performance in valued occupations of children and youth ages 5-21 yr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Cahill
- Susan M. Cahill, PhD, OTR/L, FAOTA, is Associate Professor and Occupational Therapy Department Chair, MSOT Program, Lewis University, Romeoville, IL
| | - Stephanie Beisbier
- Stephanie Beisbier, OTD, OTR/L, is Associate Professor, Occupational Therapy Department, Mount Mary University, Milwaukee, WI;
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Cahill SM, Egan BE, Seber J. Activity- and Occupation-Based Interventions to Support Mental Health, Positive Behavior, and Social Participation for Children and Youth: A Systematic Review. Am J Occup Ther 2020; 74:7402180020p1-7402180020p28. [PMID: 32204773 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2020.038687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Children and youth are often challenged to maintain well-being, positive behavior, and social participation. OBJECTIVE To identify evidence for occupational therapy interventions for children and youth with and at risk for mental health concerns. DATA SOURCES Articles published in English-language peer-reviewed journals between January 2010 and March 2017 identified through searches of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, ERIC, OTseeker, and Cochrane databases. Study Selection and Data Collectio : The methodology in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses was used to complete the review. Of 5,310 articles screened by title and abstract, 357 were retrieved for full-text review, and 62 met inclusion criteria. Articles describing interventions that were activity or occupation based were included. Conference proceedings, non-peer reviewed publications, dissertations, theses, and presentations were excluded. FINDINGS Of the 62 studies included in the review, 20 (32%) were Level I studies, 22 (36%) were Level II studies, and 20 (32%) were Level III studies. Articles were categorized by type: outdoor camps, video and computer games, productive occupations and life skills, meditation, animal-assisted interventions, creative arts, play, sports, and yoga. Moderate to strong evidence supports the use of yoga and sports. Moderate-strength evidence supports the use of play and creative arts. Evidence for the use of animal-assisted interventions, meditation, video and computer games, and productive occupations was of low strength. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE Substantial evidence exists to support the use of activity- and occupation-based interventions to address the mental health, behavioral, and social participation concerns of children and youth. Occupational therapy practitioners should match the desired outcome of therapy with the appropriate intervention to provide the best and most effective services to their clients. WHAT THIS ARTICLE ADDS This review provides additional support for the use of activity- and occupation-based interventions (i.e., those that involve active participation) to improve the behavior, social participation, and mental health of children and youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Cahill
- Susan M. Cahill, PhD, OTR/L, FAOTA, is Associate Professor and Occupational Therapy Department Chair, MSOT Program, Lewis University, Romeoville, IL;
| | - Brad E Egan
- Brad E. Egan, OTD, PhD, CADC, OTR/L, is Associate Professor and Occupational Therapy Program Site Coordinator, Occupational Therapy Program, Lenoir-Rhyne University, Columbia, SC
| | - Joanna Seber
- Joanna Seber, OTD, OTR/L, is Adjunct Instructor, MSOT Program, Lewis University, Romeoville, IL. At the time of the study, she was a postprofessional OTD student (maiden name Swanton) at the University of Illinois at Chicago
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Hasselberg A, Rönnlund M. Cultivating self-kindness and attention to the present moment in the young: A pilot-study of a two-week internet-delivered mindfulness and self-compassion program. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2020.1769807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Lack S, Brown R, Kinser PA. An Integrative Review of Yoga and Mindfulness-Based Approaches for Children and Adolescents with Asthma. J Pediatr Nurs 2020; 52:76-81. [PMID: 32213455 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PROBLEM Asthma affects almost 15% of children in the United States. Despite the availability of treatments and educational methods, children with asthma continue to report an impaired quality of life, including symptoms of anxiety and inability to participate in physical activity. As complementary health approaches are becoming more popular and show promise in the management of many chronic diseases, the purpose of this integrative review is to examine the state of the science regarding popular complementary health approaches- yoga and mindfulness- for children and adolescents with asthma. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA A comprehensive search of five databases for peer reviewed articles was performed to identify experimental and non-experimental studies. The search for each database was performed from the inception of each to January 2020 and limited to the English language. The search included terminology that addressed the concepts of "asthma", "yoga" and "mindfulness". SAMPLE A total of eleven articles met the criteria for review from the years 1991 to 2019. RESULTS Nine publications focused on the use of yoga in children and adolescents with asthma and two publications focused on mindfulness in adolescents with asthma. CONCLUSIONS Interventions involving either mindfulness or yoga may be effective in reducing stress and anxiety and improving quality of life and lung function in this population. IMPLICATIONS Mindfulness intervention studies in the pediatric and adolescent asthma population are warranted as are additional studies that include the use of yoga with skills in mindfulness in order to evaluate their physiological and psychological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Lack
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Nursing, United States of America.
| | - Roy Brown
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Nursing, United States of America
| | - Patricia A Kinser
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Nursing, United States of America
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Effect of Mindfulness on Empathy and Self-Compassion: An Adapted MBCT Program on Filipino College Students. Behav Sci (Basel) 2020; 10:bs10030061. [PMID: 32120924 PMCID: PMC7139462 DOI: 10.3390/bs10030061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Attending college is meaningful for many young adults. This period is marked by physical, emotional, and psychological changes that can have both positive and negative effects on college students. The last two decades have seen an alarming increase in the number of college students who suffer from mental health conditions, such as depression, suicide, anxiety, and alcohol abuse. It is recommended that actions to support the students’ wellbeing must be creative and evidence-based. Research suggests that a mindfulness-based intervention may be an effective strategy to address mental health conditions among college students. This study was done to examine the efficacy of an adapted mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) program that was implemented in a classroom setting in the Philippines and to explore how mindfulness practice can affect empathy and self-compassion on senior Filipino college students aged 19–22 years old. Two classes were used to compare the effects of mindfulness intervention. One class underwent the adapted MBCT program while the other class underwent the same kind of class without mindfulness interventions. Self-report measures of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, Perspective Taking subscale and Empathic Concern subscale of Interpersonal Reactivity Index, and Self-compassion scale—short form were administered before undergoing the adapted MBCT and after the program. After going through the adapted MBCT, college students’ mindfulness significantly improved. Empathy and self-compassion also significantly improved after undergoing the program. This corroborates previous studies done on mindfulness and its efficacy with adolescents and suggests how practicing mindfulness can improve empathy and self-compassion with Filipino college students. It provides a promising groundwork for the emerging interest and research in Asia, particularly in the Philippines, on how the practice of mindfulness can help with the mental health of college students.
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Lienhart C. WITHDRAWN: The relationship between mindfulness, self-compassion and body appreciation. Explore (NY) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Amigas Latinas Motivando el Alma (ALMA): an Evaluation of a Mindfulness Intervention to Promote Mental Health among Latina Immigrant Mothers. J Behav Health Serv Res 2019; 45:280-291. [PMID: 29256003 DOI: 10.1007/s11414-017-9582-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Latina immigrants are at increased risk for poor mental health. Amigas Latinas Motivando el Alma (ALMA) is a group-based intervention to reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among Latina immigrants. Based on participants' feedback and growing evidence supporting mindfulness as a way to reduce stress and improve mental health, additional sessions of the ALMA intervention were developed and pilot tested to provide more training on mindfulness as a coping strategy. The feasibility and potential efficacy were evaluated in a community sample using a pre- and post-test study design. Findings suggested that women were satisfied with the sessions and used mindfulness strategies they learned in their daily lives. The program also reduced symptoms of depression and anxiety (19% reduction in mean depression scores and 26% reduction in mean anxiety scores). Further evaluation is needed to test the efficacy of the intervention.
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Lathren C, Bluth K, Park J. Adolescent Self-Compassion Moderates the Relationship Between Perceived Stress and Internalizing Symptoms. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019; 143:36-41. [PMID: 32042216 PMCID: PMC7009781 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Self-compassion, a trait that involves responding to one's difficulties with care and concern, may offer unique stress coping benefits during the challenges of adolescence. METHODS This cross-sectional study used survey data from a large adolescent sample within two U.S. school settings (N=1,057; 65% female; 68% white; mean age 14.7 years) to examine whether self-compassion buffers the impact of perceived stress on internalizing symptoms, and secondarily, if these relationships differ by gender. RESULTS Regression analysis revealed self-compassion is inversely related to internalizing symptoms. Moreover, the relationship between stress and depression and anxiety symptoms differed by level of self-compassion. This moderation effect was similar between genders for depressive symptoms, but slightly greater in males compared to females for anxiety. CONCLUSIONS These results add to our understanding of self-compassion as an adaptive emotion regulation strategy with potential benefits for youth experiencing stress. Further research is needed to confirm if moderation effects for anxiety differ by gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Lathren
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Program on Integrative Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Box 7200, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514 USA 919-966-8586
| | - Karen Bluth
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Jinyoung Park
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Program on Integrative Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Box 7200, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514 USA 919-966-8586
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Pires FBC, Lacerda SS, Balardin JB, Portes B, Tobo PR, Barrichello CRC, Amaro E, Kozasa EH. Self-compassion is associated with less stress and depression and greater attention and brain response to affective stimuli in women managers. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2018; 18:195. [PMID: 30482193 PMCID: PMC6258154 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-018-0685-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women have been assuming more responsibilities and higher positions in major companies, which exposes them to high levels of stress. Higher perceived work stress is related to higher emotional reactivity. Difficulties with emotional regulation can lead to anxiety and mood disorders, which are more prevalent in women than men. Indeed, women leaders are more likely to experience emotional fatigue than men due to excessive empathy. Our aim was to evaluate the associations between self-compassion (SC) scores to depression symptoms, perceived stress and mindfulness, as well as with brain responses to high-arousal unpleasant and pleasant pictures from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS), as measured through functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) in women managers. METHODS Forty-six participants were selected for the study. All participants filled the Self Compassion Scale (SCS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Mindful Awareness Attention Scale (MAAS) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). After that they were scanned during an fMRI affective response paradigm. Correlation analysis were performed among these variables. RESULTS Our data suggest that women with higher SC scores respond to affective stimuli with higher activation of the precuneus (a brain region related to self-referential processing), lower levels of stress and depression and show greater attention in everyday activities. CONCLUSION SC may be an important characteristic for women leaders because of its association with higher sensitivity to emotional stimuli and mindfulness. These skills may allow them to be more aware of others while being less susceptible for stress and depression symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda B C Pires
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627/701, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Shirley S Lacerda
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627/701, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Joana B Balardin
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627/701, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Portes
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627/701, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia R Tobo
- Natura Cosméticos S.A, Rodovia Anhanguera km 30.5, Cajamar, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Edson Amaro
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627/701, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisa H Kozasa
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, 627/701, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Mindfulness in Schools: a Health Promotion Approach to Improving Adolescent Mental Health. Int J Ment Health Addict 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-018-0001-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Felver JC, Clawson AJ, Morton ML, Brier-Kennedy E, Janack P, DiFlorio RA. School-based mindfulness intervention supports adolescent resiliency: A randomized controlled pilot study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/21683603.2018.1461722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pamela Janack
- Syracuse City School District, Syracuse, New York, USA
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Østerås B, Sigmundsson H, Haga M. Physical Fitness Levels Do Not Affect Stress Levels in a Sample of Norwegian Adolescents. Front Psychol 2017; 8:2176. [PMID: 29326625 PMCID: PMC5733357 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity, low physical fitness, and perceived stress during adolescence are presumed to be risk factors for various disorders and subjective health complaints. On the other hand, physical activity and physical fitness, as well as mindfulness qualities, are regarded as prerequisites for health and well-being in children and adolescent, possibly by moderating the negative effects of stress and protecting against stress-related health complaints. Previous studies have suggested gender differences in the relationship between physical activity/physical fitness and psychological variables. The main objective in this study was to evaluate how physical fitness, along with mindfulness qualities (MAAS-A), pain, and BMI, relate to stress (PSQ) in adolescents. Secondary objectives were to explore the relationship between physical fitness, mindfulness (MAAS-A), and BMI more explicitly in the study sample, as well as to evaluate possible gender differences. The cross-sectional sample included 102 Norwegian pupils in 10th grade (15 or 16 years). Study measurements were four items from the Test of Physical Fitness (TPF), the Norwegian version of the four-factor Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ), the Norwegian version of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale-Adolescent (MAAS-A), and BMI (recorded in terms of self-reported height and weight). Additionally, pain was measured in terms of localization, number of pain sites, duration, and intensity (Visual analogue scale; VAS). According to the regression analyses, physical fitness could not explain any variation in stress among the adolescents. Nevertheless, there were some negative associations between one stress factor (lack of joy) and components of physical fitness at a group level, possibly influenced by conditions not measured in this study. As opposed to physical fitness, mindfulness qualities, and to some degree gender, seemed to explain variation in stress among the adolescents. None of the physical fitness components were associated to mindfulness (MAAS-A), but some components seemed negatively related to BMI, particularly among the males. Among the females, higher physical fitness (in terms of endurance) seemed related to reduced number of pain sites. Of note, the cross-sectional design did not allow us to determine any causal direction among the variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit Østerås
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science (INB), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hermundur Sigmundsson
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Monika Haga
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science (INB), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Abstract
Research indicates that self-compassion is relevant to adolescents' psychological well-being, and may inform the development of mental health and well-being interventions for youth. This meta-analysis synthesises the existing literature to estimate the magnitude of effect for the association between self-compassion and psychological distress in adolescents. Our search identified 19 relevant studies of adolescents (10-19 years; N = 7049) for inclusion. A large effect size was found for an inverse relationship between self-compassion and psychological distress indexed by anxiety, depression, and stress (r = - 0.55; 95% CI - 0.61 to - 0.47). The identified studies were highly heterogeneous, however sensitivity analyses indicated that correction for publication bias did not significantly alter the pattern of results. These findings replicate those in adult samples, suggesting that lack of self-compassion may play a significant role in causing and/or maintaining emotional difficulties in adolescents. We conclude that self-compassion may be an important factor to target in psychological distress and well-being interventions for youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imogen C. Marsh
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Rm 3.06A, Doorway 6, Medical Quad, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG UK
| | - Stella W. Y. Chan
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Rm 3.06A, Doorway 6, Medical Quad, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG UK
| | - Angus MacBeth
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Rm 3.06A, Doorway 6, Medical Quad, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG UK
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Van Vliet KJ, Foskett AJ, Williams JL, Singhal A, Dolcos F, Vohra S. Impact of a mindfulness-based stress reduction program from the perspective of adolescents with serious mental health concerns. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2017; 22:16-22. [PMID: 32680409 DOI: 10.1111/camh.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While studies on mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) for youth have recently emerged, there is a shortage of research on how adolescents from clinical populations experience MBSR. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the impact of MBSR from the subjective perspective of adolescents with serious mental health concerns. METHOD Adolescents (n = 28) from a residential treatment center participated in an adapted 8-week MBSR program in which they learned a range of mindfulness skills and were encouraged to apply the skills to their everyday lives. At the end of the program and at a 3-month follow-up, the youth participated in semistructured interviews in which they were asked to describe the impact of the program from their perspectives. Basic interpretive qualitative analysis methods were used to code the data and to group the codes into higher level themes. RESULTS Six main themes were found, including improved mood, enhanced relationship to self, increased self-control, improved problem-solving, awareness of the present, and enhanced interpersonal relationships. DISCUSSION Results from this study suggest that the MBSR program was perceived as beneficial both in the short-term and follow-up in several aspects of emotional, cognitive, and interpersonal functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jessica Van Vliet
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, 6-102 Education North, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G5, Canada
| | - Allison J Foskett
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, 6-102 Education North, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G5, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Williams
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, 6-102 Education North, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G5, Canada
| | - Anthony Singhal
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Florin Dolcos
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Sunita Vohra
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Mantelou A, Karakasidou E. The Effectiveness of a Brief Self-Compassion Intervention Program on Self-Compassion, Positive and Negative Affect and Life Satisfaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/psych.2017.84038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhang Y, Luo X, Che X, Duan W. Protective Effect of Self-Compassion to Emotional Response among Students with Chronic Academic Stress. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1802. [PMID: 27920736 PMCID: PMC5118418 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature has shown that self-compassion is a protective factor of an individual's emotional response to chronic stress. However, this stress-buffering effect has not been completely analyzed in individuals who report significantly high academic stress. The present study explored the role of self-compassion in a group of undergraduate students who experience chronic academic stress. A total of 208 undergraduate students who were preparing for the Postgraduate Entrance Examination (PEE) were recruited and completed the Self-Compassion Scale, Adolescent Self-Rating Life Event Check List, and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Differences analysis confirmed that the participants reported significantly higher academic stress than their peers who were not preparing for PEE. Self-compassion positively related to positive affect but negatively related to negative affect and learning stress. Further analysis showed that self-compassion negatively mediated the relationship between chronic academic stress and negative affect. Findings imply that self-compassion-centered interventions can be developed in the educational context to assist students cope with chronic academic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Zhang
- School of Cultural and Social Development, Southwest University Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Luo
- School of Cultural and Social Development, Southwest University Chongqing, China
| | - Xianwei Che
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School and the Alfred, Monash University Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wenjie Duan
- Department of Sociology, Wuhan University Wuhan, China
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Age and Gender Differences in the Associations of Self-Compassion and Emotional Well-being in A Large Adolescent Sample. J Youth Adolesc 2016; 46:840-853. [PMID: 27632177 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-016-0567-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a challenging developmental period marked with declines in emotional well-being; however, self-compassion has been suggested as a protective factor. This cross-sectional survey study (N = 765, grades 7th to 12th; 53 % female; 4 % Hispanic ethnicity; 64 % White and 21 % Black) examined whether adolescents' self-compassion differed by age and gender, and secondly, whether its associations with emotional well-being (perceived stress, life satisfaction, distress intolerance, depressive symptoms, and anxiety) also differed by age and gender. The findings indicated that older females had the lowest self-compassion levels compared to younger females or all-age males. Self-compassion was associated with all emotional well-being measures, and gender and/or age moderated the associations with anxiety and depressive symptoms. Among older adolescents, self-compassion had a greater protective effect on anxiety for boys than for girls. Additionally, older adolescents with low and average self-compassion had greater levels of depressive symptoms than those with high self-compassion. These results may inform for whom and at what age self-compassion interventions may be implemented to protect adolescents from further declines in emotional well-being.
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