1
|
Mairuae N, Palachai N, Noisa P. An anthocyanin-rich extract from Zea mays L. var. ceratina alleviates neuronal cell death caused by hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:162. [PMID: 38632534 PMCID: PMC11025150 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04458-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of dementia is rising, with neuronal cell death from oxidative stress and apoptosis recognized as a significant contributor to its development. However, effective strategies to combat this condition are lacking, necessitating further investigation. This study aimed to assess the potential of an anthocyanin-rich extract from Zea mays L. var. ceratina (AZC) in alleviating neuronal cell death.Neurotoxicity was induced in SH-SY5Y cells using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at a concentration of 200 µM. Cells were pretreated with varying doses (31.25 and 62.5 µg/mL) of AZC. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay, and molecular mechanisms including reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels for oxidative stress, and the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and apoptotic factors (B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), caspase 3) were explored.Results showed that AZC significantly improved cell viability, reduced ROS production and MDA levels, and downregulated caspase 3 expression. It enhanced CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px activities, activated ERK1/2 and CREB, and upregulated Bcl-2 expression. These findings support the neuroprotective effects of AZC, suggesting it activates ERK1/2, leading to CREB activation and subsequent upregulation of Bcl-2 expression while suppressing caspase 3. AZC may mitigate neuronal cell death by reducing ROS levels through enhanced scavenging enzyme activities.In conclusion, this study underscores the potential of AZC as a neuroprotective agent against neuronal cell death. However, further investigations including toxicity assessments, in vivo studies, and clinical trials are necessary to validate its benefits in neuroprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nootchanat Mairuae
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, 44000, Thailand
| | - Nut Palachai
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, 44000, Thailand.
| | - Parinya Noisa
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pavlović N, Milošević Sopta N, Mitrović D, Zaklan D, Tomas Petrović A, Stilinović N, Vukmirović S. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of Molecular Descriptors for Improving Permeation through the Blood-Brain Barrier of Quercetin Analogues. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:192. [PMID: 38203364 PMCID: PMC10778702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite its beneficial pharmacological effects in the brain, partly by modulating inositol phosphate multikinase (IPMK) activity, the therapeutic use of quercetin is limited due to its poor solubility, low oral bioavailability, and low permeability through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We aimed to identify quercetin analogues with improved BBB permeability and preserved binding affinities towards IPMK and to identify the molecular characteristics required for them to permeate the BBB. Binding affinities of quercetin analogues towards IPMK were determined by molecular docking. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to identify the molecular descriptors contributing to efficient permeation through the BBB. Among 34 quercetin analogues, 19 compounds were found to form more stable complexes with IPMK, and the vast majority were found to be more lipophilic than quercetin. Using two distinct in silico techniques, insufficient BBB permeation was determined for all quercetin analogues. However, using the PCA method, the descriptors related to intrinsic solubility and lipophilicity (logP) were identified as mainly responsible for clustering four quercetin analogues (trihydroxyflavones) with the highest BBB permeability. The application of PCA revealed that quercetin analogues could be classified with respect to their structural characteristics, which may be utilized in further analogue syntheses and lead optimization of BBB-penetrating IPMK modulators as neuroprotective agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nebojša Pavlović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.M.); (D.Z.)
| | | | - Darko Mitrović
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.M.); (D.Z.)
- Accelsiors CRO, Háros Street 103, 1222 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Dragana Zaklan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.M.); (D.Z.)
| | - Ana Tomas Petrović
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.T.P.); (N.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Nebojša Stilinović
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.T.P.); (N.S.); (S.V.)
| | - Saša Vukmirović
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.T.P.); (N.S.); (S.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Paudel P, Choi JS, Prajapati R, Seong SH, Park SE, Kang WC, Ryu JH, Jung HA. In Vitro Human Monoamine Oxidase Inhibition and Human Dopamine D 4 Receptor Antagonist Effect of Natural Flavonoids for Neuroprotection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15859. [PMID: 37958841 PMCID: PMC10650131 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural flavone and isoflavone analogs such as 3',4',7-trihydroxyflavone (1), 3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone (2), and calycosin (3) possess significant neuroprotective activity in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. This study highlights the in vitro human monoamine oxidase (hMAO) inhibitory potential and functional effect of those natural flavonoids at dopamine and serotonin receptors for their possible role in neuroprotection. In vitro hMAO inhibition and enzyme kinetics studies were performed using a chemiluminescent assay. The functional effect of three natural flavonoids on dopamine and serotonin receptors was tested via cell-based functional assays followed by a molecular docking simulation to predict interactions between a compound and the binding site of the target protein. A forced swimming test was performed in the male C57BL/6 mouse model. Results of in vitro chemiluminescent assays and enzyme kinetics depicted 1 as a competitive inhibitor of hMAO-A with promising potency (IC50 value: 7.57 ± 0.14 μM) and 3 as a competitive inhibitor of hMAO-B with an IC50 value of 7.19 ± 0.32 μM. Likewise, GPCR functional assays in transfected cells showed 1 as a good hD4R antagonist. In docking analysis, these active flavonoids interacted with a determinant-interacting residue via hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions, with low docking scores comparable to reference ligands. The post-oral administration of 1 to male C57BL/6 mice did not reduce the immobility time in the forced swimming test. The results of this study suggest that 1 and 3 may serve as effective regulators of the aminergic system via hMAO inhibition and the hD4R antagonist effect, respectively, for neuroprotection. The route of administration should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Paudel
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-West, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (J.S.C.); (R.P.); (S.H.S.); (S.E.P.)
| | - Ritu Prajapati
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (J.S.C.); (R.P.); (S.H.S.); (S.E.P.)
| | - Su Hui Seong
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (J.S.C.); (R.P.); (S.H.S.); (S.E.P.)
- Natural Products Research Division, Honam National Institute of Biological Resource, Mokpo 58762, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (J.S.C.); (R.P.); (S.H.S.); (S.E.P.)
| | - Woo-Chang Kang
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (W.-C.K.); (J.-H.R.)
| | - Jong-Hoon Ryu
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (W.-C.K.); (J.-H.R.)
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kumar H, Dhalaria R, Guleria S, Cimler R, Sharma R, Siddiqui SA, Valko M, Nepovimova E, Dhanjal DS, Singh R, Kumar V, Pathera AK, Verma N, Kaur T, Manickam S, Alomar SY, Kuča K. Anti-oxidant potential of plants and probiotic spp. in alleviating oxidative stress induced by H 2O 2. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115022. [PMID: 37336149 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a metabolic by-product. ROS molecules trigger oxidative stress as a feedback response that significantly initiates biological processes such as autophagy, apoptosis, and necrosis. Furthermore, extensive research has revealed that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an important ROS entity and plays a crucial role in several physiological processes, including cell differentiation, cell signalling, and apoptosis. However, excessive production of H2O2 has been shown to disrupt biomolecules and cell organelles, leading to an inflammatory response and contributing to the development of health complications such as collagen deposition, aging, liver fibrosis, sepsis, ulcerative colitis, etc. Extracts of different plant species, phytochemicals, and Lactobacillus sp (probiotic) have been reported for their anti-oxidant potential. In this view, the researchers have gained significant interest in exploring the potential plants spp., their phytochemicals, and the potential of Lactobacillus sp. strains that exhibit anti-oxidant properties and health benefits. Thus, the current review focuses on comprehending the information related to the formation of H2O2, the factors influencing it, and their pathophysiology imposed on human health. Moreover, this review also discussed the anti-oxidant potential and role of different extract of plants, Lactobacillus sp. and their fermented products in curbing H2O2‑induced oxidative stress in both in-vitro and in-vivo models via boosting the anti-oxidative activity, inhibiting of important enzyme release and downregulation of cytochrome c, cleaved caspases-3, - 8, and - 9 expression. In particular, this knowledge will assist R&D sections in biopharmaceutical and food industries in developing herbal medicine and probiotics-based or derived food products that can effectively alleviate oxidative stress issues induced by H2O2 generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Technologies, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rajni Dhalaria
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Shivani Guleria
- Department of Biotechnology, TIFAC-Centre of Relevance and Excellence in Agro and Industrial Biotechnology (CORE), Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147001, India
| | - Richard Cimler
- Centre of Advanced Technologies, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- School of Bioengineering & Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Shahida Anusha Siddiqui
- Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Technical University of Munich, Essigberg 3, 94315 Straubing, Germany.
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 81237, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Reena Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute, Jhansi 284003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Narinder Verma
- School of Management and Liberal Arts, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Talwinder Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, DAV University, Sarmastpur, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144001, India
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei
| | - Suliman Y Alomar
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao Y, Zhao X, Guo M, Varier KM, Gajendran B, Liu S, Tao L, Shen X, Zhang N. Stilbenoids and Flavonoids from Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. and Their α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093779. [PMID: 37175187 PMCID: PMC10180137 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new stilbenoids, cajanstilbenoid C (1) and cajanstilbenoid D (2), together with eight other known stilbenoids (3-10) and seventeen known flavonoids (11-27), were isolated from the petroleum ether and ethyl acetate portions of the 95% ethanol extract of leaves of Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. The planar structures of the new compounds were elucidated by NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry, and their absolute configurations were determined by comparison of their experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) values. All the compounds were assayed for their inhibitory activities against yeast α-glucosidase. The results demonstrated that compounds 3, 8-9, 11, 13, 19-21, and 24-26 had strong inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase, with compound 11 (IC50 = 0.87 ± 0.05 μM) exhibiting the strongest activity. The structure-activity relationships were preliminarily summarized. Moreover, enzyme kinetics showed that compound 8 was a noncompetitive inhibitor, compounds 11, 24-26 were anticompetitive, and compounds 9 and 13 were mixed-competitive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxian Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xinman Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Mengjia Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Krishnapriya M Varier
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Babu Gajendran
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shaohuan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ling Tao
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Nenling Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu T, Liu K, Chen M, Jiang B, Gong Q, Zhong Y. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses of Shatian pomelo ( Citrus grandis var. Shatinyu Hort) leaves provide insights into the overexpression of the gibberellin-induced gene CcGASA4. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1022961. [PMID: 36407630 PMCID: PMC9671072 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1022961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The gibberellic acid (GA)-stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) gene family is highly specific to plants and plays crucial roles in plant growth and development. CcGASA4 is a member of the GASA gene family in citrus plants; however, the current understanding of its function in citrus is limited. We used CcGASA4-overexpression transgenic citrus (OEGA) and control (CON) plants to study the role of CcGASA4 in Shatian pomelo. The RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis showed that 3,522 genes, including 1,578 upregulated and 1,944 downregulated genes, were significantly differentially expressed in the CON versus OEGA groups. The Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that 178 of the differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) were associated with flowers. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were enriched in 134 pathways, including "plant-pathogen interaction", "MAPK signaling pathway-plant", "phenylpropane biosynthesis", "plant hormone signal transduction", "phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis", and "flavonoid and flavonol biosynthesis". The most significantly-enriched pathway was "plant-pathogen interaction", in which 203 DEGs were enriched (126 DEGs were upregulated and 78 were downregulated). The metabolome analysis showed that 644 metabolites were detected in the OEGA and CON samples, including 294 differentially-accumulated metabolites (DAMs; 83 upregulated versus 211 downregulated in OEGA compared to CON). The metabolic pathway analysis showed that these DAMs were mainly involved in the metabolic pathways of secondary metabolites, such as phenylpropanoids, phenylalanine, flavone, and flavonol biosynthesis. Thirteen flavonoids and isoflavones were identified as DAMs in OEGA and CON. We also discovered 25 OEGA-specific accumulated metabolites and found 10 that were associated with disease resistance. CcGASA4 may therefore play a functional role in activating the expression of MAPK signaling transduction pathway and disease resistance genes, inhibiting the expression of auxin- and ethylene-related genes, and activating or inhibiting the expression of brassinosteroid biosynthesis- and abscisic acid-related genes. CcGASA4 may also play a role in regulating the composition and abundance of flavonoids, isoflavones, amino acids, purines, and phenolic compounds. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of action of CcGASA4 in citrus plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Wu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaidong Liu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Min Chen
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qijing Gong
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yun Zhong
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization (MOA), Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical of Fruit Tree Research, Science and Technology Department of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
In Vitro Anti-Obesity Effect of Shenheling Extract (SHLE) Fermented with Lactobacillus fermentum grx08. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091221. [PMID: 35563944 PMCID: PMC9104015 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a common global problem. There are many fat-reducing herbal prescriptions in traditional Chinese medicine that have been proven to be safe and functional during long-term application. Microbial fermentation can improve the efficacy of herbal medicine and improve the unsavory flavor. In this study, Shenheling extract (SHLE) composed of six medicine food homology materials was used as the research object. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Lactobacillusfermentum grx08 fermentation on the antiobesity efficacy and flavor of SHLE. We found that L. fermentum grx08 grew well in SHLE. After 72 h of fermentation, the total polysaccharides, total flavonoids, total polyphenols and total saponins of SHLE decreased, but the lipase inhibitory activity and total antioxidant capacity (FRAP) were significantly increased (p < 0.01). There were no significant differences in the α-glucosidase inhibition rate and DPPH· clearance rate before or after fermentation (p > 0.05). In addition, the fermentation reduces the unpleasant flavors of SHLE such as bitterness and grassy and cassia flavors. This study demonstrates that SHLE fermented by L. fermentum grx08 improved some anti-obesity functions and improved the unpleasant flavor.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kong L, Sun Y, Sun H, Zhang AH, Zhang B, Ge N, Wang XJ. Chinmedomics Strategy for Elucidating the Pharmacological Effects and Discovering Bioactive Compounds From Keluoxin Against Diabetic Retinopathy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:728256. [PMID: 35431942 PMCID: PMC9008273 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.728256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Keluoxin (KLX) is an active agent in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, its mechanism, targets, and effective constituents against DR are still unclear, which seriously restricts its clinical application. Chinmedomics has the promise of explaining the pharmacological effects of herbal medicines and investigating the effective mechanisms. The research results from electroretinography and electron microscope showed that KLX could reduce retinal dysfunction and pathological changes by the DR mouse model. Based on effectiveness, we discovered 64 blood biomarkers of DR by nontargeted metabolomics analysis, 51 of which returned to average levels after KLX treatment including leukotriene D4 and A4, l-tryptophan, 6-hydroxymelatonin, l-phenylalanine, l-tyrosine, and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA). The metabolic pathways involved were phenylalanine metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, sphingolipid metabolism, etc. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase1/2 (ERK1/2), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), and protein 70 S6 kinase (p70 S6K) might be potential targets of KLX against DR. This was related to the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and AMPK signaling pathways. We applied the chinmedomics strategy, integrating serum pharm-chemistry of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with metabolomics, to discover astragaloside IV (AS-IV), emodin, rhein, chrysophanol, and other compounds, which were the core effective constituents of KLX when against DR. Our study was the first to apply the chinmedomics strategy to discover the effective constituents of KLX in the treatment of DR, which fills the gap of unclear effective constituents of KLX. In the next step, the research of effective constituents can be used to optimize prescription preparation, improve the quality standard, and develop an innovative drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xi-jun Wang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center, National TCM Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Functional Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Akaishi T, Yamamoto S, Abe K. 3',4',7-Trihydroxyflavone Downregulates NO Production in LPS- or IFN-γ-Activated MG6 Microglial Cells by Attenuating the JNK-STAT1 Pathway. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:301-308. [PMID: 35228396 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation induced by activated microglia is a key feature of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. The natural flavonoid 3',4',7-trihydroxyflavone protects nerve cells from oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis and inhibits the aggregation of amyloid β protein in vitro. However, little is known about its effects on microglial activation. In this study, we investigated the effects of 3',4',7-trihydroxyflavone on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-induced neuroinflammatory responses in MG6 microglial cells. 3',4',7-Trihydroxyflavone inhibited LPS- or IFN-γ-mediated nitric oxide (NO) generation and the upregulation of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in MG6 cells. 3',4',7-Trihydroxyflavone also suppressed LPS- or IFN-γ-mediated phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), which is crucial for iNOS expression. LPS stimulation induced rapid phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in MG6 cells. 3',4',7-Trihydroxyflavone significantly inhibited the LPS-mediated phosphorylation of JNK, but not that of ERK and p38 MAPK. The inhibitory effect of 3',4',7-trihydroxyflavone on NO generation was mimicked by pharmacological inhibition of the JNK signaling pathway with SP600125. Furthermore, SP600125 significantly inhibited LPS- or IFN-γ-mediated phosphorylation of STAT1 in MG6 cells. These results suggest that 3',4',7-trihydroxyflavone exerts anti-neuroinflammatory effects via inhibition of the JNK-STAT1 pathway in microglia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Akaishi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University
| | - Shohei Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University
| | - Kazuho Abe
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang G, Yang X, Wang J, Zhong D, Zhang R, Zhang Y, Feng L, Zhang Y. Walnut green husk polysaccharides prevent obesity, chronic inflammatory responses, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and colonic tissue damage in high-fat diet fed rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:879-898. [PMID: 33857511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
High-fat (HF) diets cause obesity, gut microbial dysbiosis and associated disorders and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) due to increased intestinal permeability, which is an important reason for chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. This study was to investigate the effects and mechanism by which walnut green husk polysaccharides (WGHP) prevents obesity, oxidative stress, inflammation, liver and colon damage in HF diet induced rats. We found that WGHP alleviated HF-induced abnormal weight gain, disordered lipid metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, colonic tissue injury and up-regulate the expression level of colonic tight junction protein in the rats. Besides, the administration of WGHP promoted browning of iWAT and thermogenesis in BAT of HF-fed rats, and improved gut microbiota dysbiosis by increasing the bacterial diversity and reducing the relative abundance of potential pathogenic bacteria in the colon of the rats. Furthermore, WGHP consumption not only increased the SCFAs content but also improved the relative abundance of Prevotellaceae and Allobaculum in the gut of rats. Our results suggest that the protective effect of WGHP on metabolic inflammation caused by HF may be due to the regulation of gut microbiota and SCFAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xiaoyue Yang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Diying Zhong
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Runguang Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yani Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Luoluo Feng
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Youlin Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Huang Y, Deng S, Ai Y, Mo Y, Li W, Peng Q, Huang L, Zhang L. MicroRNA-125b alleviates hydrogen-peroxide-induced abnormal mitochondrial dynamics in HT22 cells by inhibiting p53. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:601-608. [PMID: 33475982 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00666-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Micro-RNA125b (miR-125b) and tumor protein p53 (p53) are involved in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics; however, the mechanism of their possible interaction during oxidative stress remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role and mechanism of miR-125b and p53 in oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage in immortalized mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. Following stimulation with H2O2, we observed downregulation of miR-125b expression, upregulation of p53 expression, mitochondria were damaged and increased cell death. Overexpression of miR-125b alleviated mitochondrial damage and inhibited p53 expression. Furthermore, confocal and electron microscopy showed that overexpression of p53 eliminated the protective effect of miR-125b on the mitochondria. Thus, miR-125b alleviates abnormal mitochondrial homeostasis in H2O2-treated HT22 cells by suppressing p53 expression. Our data reveal a new model by which miR-125b influences mitochondrial dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China, 410008
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China, 410008
| | - Songyun Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China, 410008
| | - Yuhang Ai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China, 410008
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China, 410008
| | - Yunan Mo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China, 410008
| | - Wenchao Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China, 410008
| | - Qianyi Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China, 410008
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China, 410008
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China, 410008.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China, 410008.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hoque SAM, Umehara T, Kawai T, Shimada M. Adverse effect of superoxide-induced mitochondrial damage in granulosa cells on follicular development in mouse ovaries. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 163:344-355. [PMID: 33385538 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
High mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (mt-OXPHOS) levels are required to supply the ATP necessary for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-induced granulosa cell proliferation during the follicular development process. Consequently, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) might be generated and have an adverse effect on follicular health. This study aimed to elucidate the negative effects of ROS on mitochondrial functions in FSH-stimulated granulosa cells during the follicular development process and to investigate whether pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) treatment could accelerate this process by ameliorating the adverse effects. To do this, both in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed with granulosa cells from superovulated immature (3-week-old) mice that were pretreated with or without PQQ, and a natural mating study was also performed. The ROS level in FSH-/eCG-stimulated granulosa cells was significantly increased. Moreover, high oxidative stress and mtDNA damage levels were evident in the granulosa cells. PQQ treatment not only reduced the ROS and oxidative stress levels but also ameliorated mtDNA damage, accelerated FSH-/eCG-induced ATP production, and increased the mitochondrial membrane potential and the expression levels of mitochondrial genes (Nd1, Cytb, Cox1, ATPase6) and the mt-ND1 protein. Accordingly, the proliferation and viability of granulosa cells, numbers of healthy preovulatory follicles and ovulated oocytes and serum estrogen level were significantly improved, while the apoptosis of granulosa cells was reduced. However, PQQ treatment did not change the fertility parameters in mature mice with natural cycles but did significantly increased the number of offspring born per delivery. These results revealed that ROS-associated damage in FSH-stimulated granulosa cells adversely affects their physiology and follicular health during the follicular development process. Treatment with PQQ is a beneficial tool to increase both the number of ovulated oocytes and pups per delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Masudul Hoque
- Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Takashi Umehara
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kawai
- Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimada
- Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lee HS, Jeong GS. 6,7,4[Formula: see text]-Trihydroxyflavanone Prevents Methamphetamine-Induced T Cell Deactivation by Protecting the Activated T Cells from Apoptosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:95-111. [PMID: 33416022 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is an extremely addictive drug that has raised serious public health concerns recently. METH addiction not only results in neuronal cytotoxicity, but it also affects immune cell activity, including T lymphocytes. 6,4,7[Formula: see text]-trihydroxyflavanone (THF), isolated from Dalbergia odorifera, has been studied for its antibacterial activity, but evidence for whether THF has an anti-cytotoxic and protective effect on T cell activation exposed to METH is lacking. In this study, results showed that treatment with THF was not cytotoxic to Jurkat T cells but dose-dependently mitigated the cytotoxicity induced by exposure to METH. The Western blot results demonstrating pre-treatment with THF maintained the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR downregulated by treatment with METH. Furthermore, we found that decreased expression of IL-2 and CD69 by METH exposure was partially restored, and viability was significantly prevented by pre-treatment with THF in activated T cells. These findings were involved in re-elevated expression of anti-apoptotic proteins as well as recovered pathways including MAPK/PI3K/Akt/mTOR in activated T cells pre-exposed to METH. Our results suggest beneficial effects of THF against the cytotoxic and immune-modulating effect of METH on T cells and therapeutic potential of THF for patients with immunodeficiency caused by METH addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Su Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil-Saeng Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tao LX, Ji SS, Szalóki D, Kovács T, Mándi A, Antus S, Ding X, Kurtán T, Zhang HY. An optically active isochroman-2H-chromene conjugate potently suppresses neuronal oxidative injuries associated with the PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:36-44. [PMID: 32393798 PMCID: PMC7921582 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that the use of potent neuroprotective agents featured with novel pharmacological mechanism would offer a promising strategy to delay or prevent the progression of neurodegeneration. Here, we provide the first demonstration that the chiral nonracemic isochroman-2H-chromene conjugate JE-133, a novel synthetic 1,3-disubstituted isochroman derivative, possesses superior neuroprotective effect against oxidative injuries. Pretreatment with JE-133 (1-10 μM) concentration-dependently prevented H2O2-induced cell death in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and rat primary cortical neurons. Pretreatment with JE-133 significantly alleviated H2O2-induced apoptotic changes. These protective effects could not be simply attributed to the direct free radical scavenging as JE-133 had moderate activity in reducing DPPH free radical. Further study revealed that pretreatment with JE-133 (10 μM) significantly decreased the phosphorylation of MAPK pathway proteins, especially ERK and P38, in the neuronal cells. In addition, blocking PI3K/Akt pathway using LY294002 partially counteracted the cell viability-enhancing effect of JE-133. We conclude that JE-133 exerts neuroprotection associated with dual regulative mechanisms and consequently activating cell survival and inhibiting apoptotic changes, which may provide important clues for the development of effective neuroprotective drug lead/candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Xue Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Sha-Sha Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dóra Szalóki
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, P. O. Box 400, H-4002, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Kovács
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, P. O. Box 400, H-4002, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Mándi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, P. O. Box 400, H-4002, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Antus
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, P. O. Box 400, H-4002, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Xun Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tibor Kurtán
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, P. O. Box 400, H-4002, Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Hai-Yan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kucukgul A, Isgor MM, Duzguner V, Atabay MN, Kucukgul A. Antioxidant Effects of Oleuropein on Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Neuronal Stress- An In Vitro Study. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:74-84. [PMID: 30714532 PMCID: PMC7403681 DOI: 10.2174/1871523018666190201145824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background
Persistent oxidative stress can lead to chronic inflammation and mediate most chronic diseases including neurological disorders. Oleuropein has been shown to be a potent antioxidant molecule in olive oil leaf having antioxidative properties. Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of oleuropein against oxidative stress in human glioblastoma cells. Methods
Human glioblastoma cells (U87) were pretreated with oleuropein (OP) essential oil 10 µM. After 30 minutes, 100 µM H2O2 was added to the cells for three hours. Cell survival was quantified by colorimetric MTT assay. Glutathione level, total oxidant capacity, total antioxidant capacity and nitric oxide levels were determined by using specific spectrophotometric methods. The relative gene expression level of iNOS was performed by qRT-PCR method. Results
According to viability results, the effective concentration of H2O2 (100µM) significantly decreased cell viability and oleuropein pretreatment significantly prevented the cell losses. Oleuropein regenerated total antioxidant capacity and glutathione levels decreased by H2O2 exposure. In addition, nitric oxide and total oxidant capacity levels were also decreased after administration of oleuropein in treated cells. Conclusion
Oleuropein was found to have potent antioxidative properties in human glioblastoma cells. However, further studies and validations are needed in order to understand the exact neuroprotective mechanism of oleuropein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Altug Kucukgul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Mehmet M Isgor
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Vesile Duzguner
- Department of Nursery, High School of Health Sciences, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Meryem N Atabay
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Azime Kucukgul
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
dos Reis Teixeira A, Teixeira RR, Ribeiro IML, Pereira WL, Manhabosco TM, de Brito ACF, Oliveira LAM, Coelho Nogueira KDOP. Association of electroanalytical and spectrophotometric methods to evaluate the antioxidant activity of isobenzofuranone in primary cultures of hippocampal neurons. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 68:104970. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
17
|
Dietary amino acid ergothioneine protects HT22 hippocampal neurons against H2O2-induced neurotoxicity via antioxidative mechanism. PHARMANUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
18
|
Li N, Li Q, Bai J, Chen K, Yang H, Wang W, Fan F, Zhang Y, Meng X, Kuang T, Fan G. The multiple organs insult and compensation mechanism in mice exposed to hypobaric hypoxia. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:779-791. [PMID: 32430880 PMCID: PMC7479670 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01117-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was first and systematically conducted to evaluate the hypoxia response of the brain, heart, lung, liver, and kidney of mice exposed to an animal hypobaric chamber. First, we examined the pathological damage of the above tissues by Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining. Secondly, biochemical assays were used to detect oxidative stress indicators such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Finally, the hypoxia compensation mechanism of tissues was evaluated by expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α), erythropoietin (EPO), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). During the experiment, the mice lost weight gradually on the first 3 days, and then, the weight loss tended to remain stable, and feed consumption showed the inverse trend. H&E staining results showed that there were sparse and atrophic neurons and dissolved chromatin in the hypoxia group. And hyperemia occurred in the myocardium, lung, liver, and kidney. Meanwhile, hypoxia stimulated the enlargement of myocardial space, the infiltration of inflammatory cells in lung tissue, the swelling of epithelial cells in hepatic lobules and renal tubules, and the separation of basal cells. Moreover, hypoxia markedly inhibited the activity of SOD and GSH and exacerbated the levels of MDA and GSSG in the serum and five organs. In addition, hypoxia induced the expression of HIF-1α, EPO, and VEGF in five organs. These results suggest hypoxia leads to oxidative damage and compensation mechanism of the brain, heart, lung, liver, and kidney in varying degrees of mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Qiuyue Li
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jinrong Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ke Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hailing Yang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Fangfang Fan
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Tingting Kuang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Gang Fan
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gasca CA, Moreira NCS, de Almeida FC, Dutra Gomes JV, Castillo WO, Fagg CW, Magalhães PO, Fonseca-Bazzo YM, Sakamoto-Hojo E, de Medeiros YK, de Souza Borges W, Silveira D. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective potential of Hippeastrum psittacinum (Ker Gawl.) herb (Amaryllidaceae). Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111703. [PMID: 32858133 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hippeastrum psittacinum, Amaryllidaceae, is used in traditional medicine as a purgative, aphrodisiac, and anticough remedy. The ethanol extract (EE) and alkaloid-rich fractions (ARF) from H. psittacinum bulbs were evaluated for their acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition. The EE cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory effects in RAW 264.7 cells, and the neuroprotective and genotoxic activities in SH-SY5Y cells, were also estimated. Fifteen alkaloids were identified in the EE by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. ARFs were less active for AChE inhibition than EE. The viability of both cell lines was higher than 70% with EE concentrations below 25 μg/mL. The EE decreased nitrite release in RAW cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, showing values of 83, 67, and 53% at 6.25, 12.5, and 25 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the EE partially protected SH-SY5Y cells from hydrogen peroxide-mediated deleterious effects by approximately 50% at the same concentrations. The micronucleus assays showed that the extract caused chromosomal missegregation at concentrations above 12.5 μg/mL. The in silico analyses showed that some alkaloids presented properties of permeation of the blood-brain barrier and the intestine. Our findings present new evidence of the potential of H. psittacinum potential as an AChE inhibitor, as well as an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian A Gasca
- Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasilia - Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Natalia C S Moreira
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, CEP: 14049-900, Ribeirão, Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C de Almeida
- School of Medicine, University of Brasilia - Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - João V Dutra Gomes
- Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasilia - Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Willian O Castillo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Education, University of Cauca, Cra 2 No 2N-57, Popayán, 19003, Colombia
| | - Christopher W Fagg
- Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasilia, CEP 70919-970, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Pérola O Magalhães
- Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasilia - Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Yris M Fonseca-Bazzo
- Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasilia - Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Elza Sakamoto-Hojo
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, CEP: 14049-900, Ribeirão, Preto, Brazil; Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo; CEP 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Yanna K de Medeiros
- School of Medicine, University of Brasilia - Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Warley de Souza Borges
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Espírito Santo, CEP 29075-910, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Dâmaris Silveira
- Health Sciences Faculty, University of Brasilia - Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70910-900, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ko YH, Kwon SH, Kim SK, Lee BR, Hur KH, Kim YJ, Kim SE, Lee SY, Jang CG. Protective effects of 6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone, a major metabolite of daidzein, on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neuronal cell death in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:1081-1091. [PMID: 31705299 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01191-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Daidzein, one of the important isoflavones, is extensively metabolized in the human body following consumption. In particular, 6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone (THIF), a major metabolite of daidzein, has been the focus of recent investigations due to its various health benefits, such as anti-cancer and anti-obesity effects. However, the protective effects of 6,7,4'-THIF have not yet been studied in models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the protective activity of 6,7,4'-THIF on 6-hydroxydopamine (OHDA)-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Pretreatment of SH-SY5Y cells with 6,7,4'-THIF significantly inhibited 6-OHDA-induced neuronal cell death, lactate dehydrogenase release, and reactive oxygen species production. In addition, 6,7,4'-THIF significantly attenuated reductions in 6-OHDA-induced superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione content. Moreover, 6,7,4'-THIF attenuated alterations in Bax and Bcl-2 expression and caspase-3 activity in 6-OHDA-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, 6,7,4'-THIF significantly reduced 6-OHDA-induced phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Additionally, 6,7,4'-THIF effectively prevented 6-OHDA-induced loss of tyrosine hydroxylase. Taken together, these results suggest that 6,7,4'-THIF, a major metabolite of daidzein, may be an attractive option for treating and/or preventing neurodegenerative disorders such as PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hyun Ko
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Kyung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Hur
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Eon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Gon Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang L, Wu T, Olatunji OJ, Tang J, Wei Y, Ouyang Z. N 6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-adenosine from Cordyceps cicadae attenuates hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative toxicity in PC12 cells. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:1325-1334. [PMID: 31197679 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00440-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
N6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-adenosine (HEA), is one of the active molecule found in Cordyceps cicadae. The protective effect of HEA against H2O2 induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells and the mechanism of action was investigated. The cells were exposed to varying concentrations of HEA (5-40 μM) for a period of 24 h and further incubated with 100 μM of H2O2 for an another 12 h. Cell viability, LDH release, MMP collapse, Ca2+ overload, antioxidant parameters (reactive oxygen species generation (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), inflammatory mediators (interleukins 6 and 1β (IL-6 and IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and NF-kB were evaluated. The results obtained showed that cells exposed to H2O2 toxicity showed reduced cell viability, increased LDH, ROS and Ca2+ overload. However, prior treatment of PC12 cells with HEA increased cell viability, reduced LDH release, MMP collapse, Ca2+ overload and ROS generation induced by H2O2 toxicity. Furthermore, HEA also increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and inhibited lipid peroxidation as well as reduced IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and NF-kB. Thus, our results provided insight into the attenuative effect of HEA against H2O2 induced cell death through its antioxidant action by reducing ROS generation, oxidative stress and protecting mitochondrial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leguo Zhang
- Department of Internal Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou City, 061001, Hebei, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi City, 276400, Shandong, China
| | - Opeyemi Joshua Olatunji
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112, Thailand.
| | - Jian Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu road, Zhenjiang, 202013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu road, Zhenjiang, 202013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Ouyang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu road, Zhenjiang, 202013, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hepatoprotective Effect of the Ethanol Extract of Illicium henryi against Acute Liver Injury in Mice Induced by Lipopolysaccharide. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100446. [PMID: 31581526 PMCID: PMC6826918 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The root bark of Illicium henryi has been used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat lumbar muscle strain and rheumatic pain. Its ethanol extract (EEIH) has been previously reported to attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute kidney injury in mice. The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activities and in vivo protective effects of EEIH against LPS-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in mice as well as explore its molecular mechanisms. The mice were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with EEIH at the doses of 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/kg every day for 5 days. One hour after the last administration, the mice were administered i.p. with LPS (8 mg/kg). After fasting for 12 h, blood and liver tissues were collected to histopathological observation, biochemical assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and Western blot analyses. EEIH possessed 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid) disodium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activities and ferric-reducing antioxidant capacity in vitro. The histopathological examination, serum biochemical analysis, and liver myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity showed that EEIH pretreatment alleviated LPS-induced liver injury in mice. EEIH significantly dose-dependently decreased the mRNA and protein expression levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and COX-2 in liver tissue of LPS-induced ALI mice via downregulating the mRNA and protein expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and inhibiting the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65. Furthermore, EEIH markedly ameliorated liver oxidative and nitrosative stress burden in LPS-treated mice through reducing the content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and nitric oxide (NO) levels, restoring the decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and up-regulating nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). These results demonstrate that EEIH has protective effects against ALI in mice via alleviating inflammatory response, oxidative and nitrosative stress burden through activating the Nrf2 and suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways. The hepatoprotective activity of EEIH might be attributed to the flavonoid compounds such as catechin (1), 3',4',7-trihydroxyflavone (2), and taxifolin (7) that most possibly act synergistically.
Collapse
|
23
|
Lion's Mane Mushroom, Hericium erinaceus (Bull.: Fr.) Pers. Suppresses H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Damage and LPS-Induced Inflammation in HT22 Hippocampal Neurons and BV2 Microglia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8080261. [PMID: 31374912 PMCID: PMC6720269 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation in neuron-glia system are key factors in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. As synthetic drugs may cause side effects, natural products have gained recognition for the prevention or management of diseases. In this study, hot water (HE-HWA) and ethanolic (HE-ETH) extracts of the basidiocarps of Hericium erinaceus mushroom were investigated for their neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced neurotoxicity in HT22 mouse hippocampal neurons and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV2 microglial activation respectively. HE-ETH showed potent neuroprotective activity by significantly (p < 0.0001) increasing the viability of H2O2-treated neurons. This was accompanied by significant reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) (p < 0.05) and improvement of the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) (p < 0.05) and glutathione (GSH) content (p < 0.01). Besides, HE-ETH significantly improved mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) (p < 0.05) and ATP production (p < 0.0001) while reducing mitochondrial toxicity (p < 0.001), Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) gene expression (p < 0.05) and nuclear apoptosis (p < 0.0001). However, gene expression of Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) were unaffected (p > 0.05). HE-ETH also significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced nitric oxide (NO) level in LPS-treated BV2 indicating an anti-inflammatory activity in the microglia. These findings demonstrated HE-ETH maybe a potential neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory agent in neuron-glia environment.
Collapse
|
24
|
Yang J, Kwon YS, Kim MJ. Antimicrobial activity and active compounds of a Rhus verniciflua Stokes extract. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 73:457-463. [PMID: 30183668 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2018-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) extract is used as a traditional herbal medicine in Southeast Asian countries such as Korea and China. In the present study, one phenolic acid and six flavonoids were isolated from an 80% ethanol RVS extract to examine their antimicrobial activities. These compounds were identified as 3',4',7-trihydroxyflavone (1), methyl gallate (2), gallic acid (3), fusti (4), fisetin (5), butin (6), and sulfuretin (7) by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activities of compounds 5 and 6 (at a dose of 16 μg/mL each) were superior to that of the control, cycloheximide (at a dose of 25 μg/mL), against Hypocrea nigricans; additionally, the activities of compounds 1 and 2 (at a dose of 8 μg/mL each) were superior to the control against Penicillium oxalicum. Also, chemical compounds 1 and 5 (at a dose of 16 μg/mL each) had higher activities than the control (25 μg/mL) against Trichoderma virens. Chemical compound 1 (at a dose of 8 μg/mL) had a similar activity to that of the control against Bacillus subtilis. The obtained results suggest that the RVS extract could be a promising food and nutraceutical source because of the antimicrobial properties of its phenolic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Yang
- Research Institute of Food Science and Engineering Technology, Hezhou University, Hezhou, Guangxi 542899, China
| | - Yong Soo Kwon
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Myong Jo Kim
- Department of Applied Plant Sciences, Bioherb Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li W, Yang H, Zhao Q, Wang X, Zhang J, Zhao X. Polyphenol-Rich Loquat Fruit Extract Prevents Fructose-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Modulating Glycometabolism, Lipometabolism, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Intestinal Barrier, and Gut Microbiota in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:7726-7737. [PMID: 31203627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fructose as a daily sweetener is widely recognized as a risk catalyst for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of current study is to evaluate the effects and molecular mechanism by which polyphenol-rich loquat fruit extract (LFP) prevents NAFLD in mice fed 30% fructose water (HF) for 8 weeks. Administration of LFP to HF-fed mice mitigated abnormal body weight, disordered lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation through a mechanism regulated by the AKT, ChREBP/SREBP-1c, Nrf2, and TLR4/MyD88/TRIF pathways. LFP caused a significant decrease in the endotoxin content (16.67-12.7 EU/mL) in the liver of HF-fed mice. LFP not only improved HF-induced breakage of the intestinal barrier via interacting with tight junction proteins (ZO-1, occludin), mucin, and immunoreaction in the colon but also maintained normal colonic Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios and the relative abundance of Veillonella in HF-fed mice. Our results suggest that LFP may serve as a nutritional agent for protecting liver in HF-fed mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Li
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology , Yangtze Normal University , Chongqing 408100 , China
| | - Hongyan Yang
- School of Aerospace Medicine , Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an 710032 , China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology , First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University , Urumqi , China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease Research , Urumqi , China
| | - Xv Wang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology , Yangtze Normal University , Chongqing 408100 , China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology , Yangtze Normal University , Chongqing 408100 , China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food , Chongqing University of Education , Chongqing 400067 , China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Albizia julibrissin Ameliorates Memory Loss Induced by Insomnia in Drosophila. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:7395962. [PMID: 31057652 PMCID: PMC6463593 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7395962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In clinical practice in Taiwan, Albizia julibrissin is the most prescribed Chinese herbal medicine for insomnia. Short-term insomnia and hypnotic use both attenuate cognitive functions, especially learning memory. In previous studies, A. julibrissin exhibits sedative activity, antidepressant-like effects, and protection of learning and memory against amnesia. However, whether A. julibrissin ameliorates memory loss caused by short-term sleep deprivation is not clear. We utilized the sleep-deprived Drosophila model and olfactory associative learning-memory assay to test the effects of A. julibrissin on sleep-deprivation induced memory loss. We found that A. julibrissin ameliorated 3-hour memory but not 1-hour memory or instant learning. The findings might be applied to an anticipated short-term sleep disturbance.
Collapse
|
27
|
Kim JH, Quilantang NG, Kim HY, Lee S, Cho EJ. Attenuation of hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells by three flavonoids from Acer okamotoanum. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-018-0664-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
28
|
Pandır D, Hilooglu M, Kocakaya M. Assessment of anticytotoxic effect of lichen Cladonia foliacae extract on Allium cepa root tips. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:32478-32490. [PMID: 30238257 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3221-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of lichen Cladonia foliacae (Huds.) (CF) on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced toxicity through cell death, chromosome aberrations, mitotic index, oxidative stress parameters, and DNA damage in a Allium cepa root meristematic cells. Any chemical was not given for control group. Two doses of H2O2 (3 and 7%) were given to the roots for 1 h and the root tips were treated with CF water extract (50 and 100 μL) with increasing times for treatment groups. The roots were taken from control and treatment groups, and mitotic index, cell death, and chromosome aberrations were performed by light microscope. Changing antioxidant capacity of roots was revealed by FRAP and TEAC assay. Also, DNA damage was measured by comet assay and RAPD-PCR technique. Chromosome aberration values were obtained with increasing concentrations with longer treatment times, such as chromosome bridge, vagrant, and polyploidy in both groups. Increasing exposure doses of H2O2 caused decreasing mitotic index values at 72 h. TEAC and FRAP assay demonstrated that roots' capacity of antioxidant was altered by increasing concentrations of H2O2. The tail DNA% and tail length significantly increased in all exposure times when compared to control group. Three and seven percent of H2O2 caused the genotoxic effect on genetic material at 72 h according to RAPD-PCR technique. Increasing the doses of H2O2 resulted in increased toxicity to all studied parameters of A. cepa, but CF extract altered all changing parameters of A. cepa root cell. The H2O2 tested in this study have cytotoxic and mutagenic potential, but extract of CF was protective against H2O2 caused toxicological changes. But, it did not protect completely in the A. cepa root meristematic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Pandır
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, Bozok University, 66100, Yozgat, Turkey.
| | - Müge Hilooglu
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Biology, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kocakaya
- Technical College of Boğazlayan, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kang B, Wang X, Xu Q, Wu Y, Si X, Jiang D. Effect of 3-nitropropionic acid inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis of granulosa cells in geese. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180274. [PMID: 30042167 PMCID: PMC6131328 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of action by which oxidative stress induces granulosa cell apoptosis, which plays a vital role in initiating follicular atresia, is not well understood. In the present study, the effect of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) on oxidative stress and apoptosis in granulosa cells in geese was investigated. Our results showed that treatment with 3-NPA at 5.0 mmol/l for 24 h increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by 25.4% and decreased granulosa cell viability by 45.5% (P<0.05). Catalase and glutathione peroxidase gene expression levels in granulosa cells treated with 3-NPA were 1.32- and 0.49-fold compared with those of the control cells, respectively (P <0.05). A significant decrease in the expression level of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein and remarkable increases in the levels of Bax, p53 and cleaved-Caspase 3 proteins and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 expression in granulosa cells treated with 3-NPA were observed (P<0.05). Furthermore, a 38.43% increase in the percentage of early apoptotic cells was also observed in granulosa cells treated with 3-NPA (P<0.05). Moreover, the expression levels of NF-κB, Nrf2, Fhc, Hspa2 and Ho-1 in granulosa cells treated with 3-NPA were elevated 4.36-, 1.63-, 3.62-, 27.54- and 10.48-fold compared with those of the control cells (P<0.05), respectively. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that treatment with 3-NPA induces ROS production and apoptosis and inhibits the viability of granulosa cells in geese. Furthermore, 3-NPA triggers increases in the expression of cleaved-Caspase 3 protein and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 expression, and induces the early apoptosis of granulosa cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilin Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Animal Science, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Wu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ko YH, Kwon SH, Hwang JY, Kim KI, Seo JY, Nguyen TL, Lee SY, Kim HC, Jang CG. The Memory-Enhancing Effects of Liquiritigenin by Activation of NMDA Receptors and the CREB Signaling Pathway in Mice. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2018; 26:109-114. [PMID: 28554200 PMCID: PMC5839488 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquiritigenin (LQ) is a flavonoid that can be isolated from Glycyrrhiza radix. It is frequently used as a tranditional oriental medicine herbal treatment for swelling and injury and for detoxification. However, the effects of LQ on cognitive function have not been fully explored. In this study, we evaluated the memory-enhancing effects of LQ and the underlying mechanisms with a focus on the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) in mice. Learning and memory ability were evaluated with the Y-maze and passive avoidance tests following administration of LQ. In addition, the expression of NMDAR subunits 1, 2A, and 2B; postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95); phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII); phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2); and phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding (CREB) proteins were examined by Western blot. In vivo, we found that treatment with LQ significantly improved memory performance in both behavioral tests. In vitro, LQ significantly increased NMDARs in the hippocampus. Furthermore, LQ significantly increased PSD-95 expression as well as CaMKII, ERK, and CREB phosphorylation in the hippocampus. Taken together, our results suggest that LQ has cognition enhancing activities and that these effects are mediated, in part, by activation of the NMDAR and CREB signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hyun Ko
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-In Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Yeon Seo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi-Lien Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Drug Quality Control, 48-Hai Ba Trung, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Gon Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mingori MR, Heimfarth L, Ferreira CF, Gomes HM, Moresco KS, Delgado J, Roncato S, Zeidán-Chuliá F, Gelain DP, Moreira JCF. Effect of Paullinia cupana Mart. Commercial Extract During the Aging of Middle Age Wistar Rats: Differential Effects on the Hippocampus and Striatum. Neurochem Res 2017; 42:2257-2273. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2238-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
32
|
Kwon SH, Ma SX, Ko YH, Seo JY, Lee BR, Lee TH, Kim SY, Lee SY, Jang CG. Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Activity by Inhibiting NF-κB Activation in BV-2 Microglial Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2016; 24:543-51. [PMID: 27169820 PMCID: PMC5012881 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the pharmacological effects of Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. methanol extract (VBME) on microglial activation and to identify the underlying mechanisms of action of these effects. The anti-inflammatory properties of VBME were studied using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. We measured the production of nitric oxide (NO), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as inflammatory parameters. We also examined the effect of VBME on intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the activity of nuclear factor-kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65). VBME significantly inhibited LPS-induced production of NO and PGE2 and LPS-mediated upregulation of iNOS and COX-2 expression in a dose-dependent manner; importantly, VBME was not cytotoxic. VBME also significantly reduced the generation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. In addition, VBME significantly dampened intracellular ROS production and suppressed NF-κB p65 translocation by blocking IκB-α phosphorylation and degradation in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Our findings indicate that VBME inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators in BV-2 microglial cells by suppressing NF-κB signaling. Thus, VBME may be useful in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases due to its ability to inhibit inflammatory mediator production in activated BV-2 microglial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hwan Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Shi-Xun Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hyun Ko
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Yeon Seo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Ram Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Hwan Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Gon Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
CAO GS, LI SX, WANG Y, XU YQ, LV YN, KOU JP, YU BY. A combination of four effective components derived from Sheng-mai san attenuates hydrogen peroxide-induced injury in PC12 cells through inhibiting Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. Chin J Nat Med 2016; 14:508-17. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(16)30060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
34
|
Ying C, Zhou X, Chang Z, Ling H, Cheng X, Li W. Blood glucose fluctuation accelerates renal injury involved to inhibit the AKT signaling pathway in diabetic rats. Endocrine 2016; 53:81-96. [PMID: 26860515 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-0867-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Blood glucose fluctuation is associated with diabetic nephropathy. However, the mechanism by which blood glucose fluctuation accelerates renal injury is not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of blood glucose fluctuation on diabetic nephropathy in rats and investigate its underlying mechanism. Diabetes in the rats was induced by a high sugar, high-fat diet, and a single dose of STZ (35 mg/kg)-injected intraperitoneally. Unstable blood sugar models were induced by subcutaneous insulin injection and intravenous glucose injection alternately. Body weight, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbAlc), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), and Creatinine clearance (Ccr) were assessed. T-SOD activity and MDA level were measured by assay kit. Change in renal tissue ultrastructure was observed by light microscopy and electron microscopy. Phosphorylated ser/thr protein kinase (p-AKT) (phosphor-Ser473), phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (p-GSK-3β) (phosphor-Ser9), Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX), B cell lymphoma/leukemia 2 (BCL-2), and cleaved-cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-3 (caspase-3) levels were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. We observed that BUN and Scr were increased in diabetic rats, and Ccr was decreased. Furthermore, blood glucose fluctuations could exacerbate the Ccr changes. Renal tissue ultrastructure was also seriously injured by glucose variability in diabetic rats. In addition, glucose fluctuation increased the oxidative stress of renal tissue. Moreover, fluctuating blood glucose decreased p-AKT level and BCL-2, and increased p-GSK-3β, BAX, cleaved-caspase-3 levels, and ratio of BAX/BCL-2 in the kidneys of diabetic rats. In conclusion, these results suggest that blood glucose fluctuation accelerated renal injury is due, at least in part to its oxidative stress promoting and inhibiting the AKT signaling pathway in diabetic rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Ying
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Laboratory of Morphology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Chang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Ling
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingbo Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Globally, greater than 30 million individuals are afflicted with disorders of the nervous system accompanied by tens of thousands of new cases annually with limited, if any, treatment options. Erythropoietin (EPO) offers an exciting and novel therapeutic strategy to address both acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. EPO governs a number of critical protective and regenerative mechanisms that can impact apoptotic and autophagic programmed cell death pathways through protein kinase B (Akt), sirtuins, mammalian forkhead transcription factors, and wingless signaling. Translation of the cytoprotective pathways of EPO into clinically effective treatments for some neurodegenerative disorders has been promising, but additional work is necessary. In particular, development of new treatments with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents such as EPO brings several important challenges that involve detrimental vascular outcomes and tumorigenesis. Future work that can effectively and safely harness the complexity of the signaling pathways of EPO will be vital for the fruitful treatment of disorders of the nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey 07101
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Digestion property and synergistic effect on biological activity of purple rice ( Oryza sativa L.) anthocyanins subjected to a simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro. Food Res Int 2015; 78:114-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
37
|
Kwon SH, Ma SX, Hwang JY, Lee SY, Jang CG. Involvement of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in sulfuretin-induced protection against amyloid beta25-35 neurotoxicity. Neuroscience 2015; 304:14-28. [PMID: 26192096 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sulfuretin, one of the major flavonoid glycosides found in the stem bark of Albizzia julibrissin and heartwood of Rhus verniciflua, is a known anti-oxidant. We previously demonstrated that sulfuretin inhibits neuronal death via reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent mechanisms in human SH-SY5Y cells, although other relevant mechanisms of action of this compound remain largely uncharacterized. As part of our ongoing exploration of the pharmacological actions of sulfuretin, we studied the neuroprotective effects of sulfuretin against amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced neurotoxicity in human SH-SY5Y and primary hippocampal neuron cells and investigated the possible mechanisms involved. Specifically, we found in the present study that sulfuretin significantly attenuates the decrease in cell viability, release of lactate dehydrogenase, and accumulation of ROS associated with Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity in neuronal cells. Furthermore, sulfuretin stimulated the activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a downstream target of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K)/Akt. We demonstrated that sulfuretin induces the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), an anti-oxidant response gene. Notably, we found that the neuroprotective effects of sulfuretin were diminished by an Nrf2 small interfering RNA (siRNA), the HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP), as well as the PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002. Taken together, these results indicated that sulfuretin protects neuronal cells from Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity through activation of Nrf/HO-1 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Our results also indicate that sulfuretin-induced induction of Nrf2-dependent HO-1 expression via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway has preventive and/or therapeutic potential for the management of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S-H Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - S-X Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - J-Y Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - S-Y Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - C-G Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Maiese K. FoxO proteins in the nervous system. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2015; 2015:569392. [PMID: 26171319 PMCID: PMC4478359 DOI: 10.1155/2015/569392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute as well as chronic disorders of the nervous system lead to significant morbidity and mortality for millions of individuals globally. Given the ability to govern stem cell proliferation and differentiated cell survival, mammalian forkhead transcription factors of the forkhead box class O (FoxO) are increasingly being identified as potential targets for disorders of the nervous system, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and auditory neuronal disease. FoxO proteins are present throughout the body, but they are selectively expressed in the nervous system and have diverse biological functions. The forkhead O class transcription factors interface with an array of signal transduction pathways that include protein kinase B (Akt), serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible protein kinase (SgK), IκB kinase (IKK), silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (S. cerevisiae) (SIRT1), growth factors, and Wnt signaling that can determine the activity and integrity of FoxO proteins. Ultimately, there exists a complex interplay between FoxO proteins and their signal transduction pathways that can significantly impact programmed cell death pathways of apoptosis and autophagy as well as the development of clinical strategies for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
|
39
|
New Insights for Oxidative Stress and Diabetes Mellitus. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:875961. [PMID: 26064426 PMCID: PMC4443788 DOI: 10.1155/2015/875961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the generation of oxidative stress are considered critical factors for the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM), a disorder that is growing in prevalence and results in significant economic loss. New therapeutic directions that address the detrimental effects of oxidative stress may be especially warranted to develop effective care for the millions of individuals that currently suffer from DM. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (S. cerevisiae) (SIRT1), and Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) are especially justified to be considered treatment targets for DM since these pathways can address the complex relationship between stem cells, trophic factors, impaired glucose tolerance, programmed cell death pathways of apoptosis and autophagy, tissue remodeling, cellular energy homeostasis, and vascular biology that greatly impact the biology and disease progression of DM. The translation and development of these pathways into viable therapies will require detailed understanding of their proliferative nature to maximize clinical efficacy and limit adverse effects that have the potential to lead to unintended consequences.
Collapse
|
40
|
Maiese K. FoxO Transcription Factors and Regenerative Pathways in Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Neurovasc Res 2015; 12:404-13. [PMID: 26256004 PMCID: PMC4567483 DOI: 10.2174/1567202612666150807112524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian forkhead transcription factors of the O class (FoxO) are exciting targets under consideration for the development of new clinical entities to treat metabolic disorders and diabetes mellitus (DM). DM, a disorder that currently affects greater than 350 million individuals globally, can become a devastating disease that leads to cellular injury through oxidative stress pathways and affects multiple systems of the body. FoxO proteins can regulate insulin signaling, gluconeogenesis, insulin resistance, immune cell migration, and cell senescence. FoxO proteins also control cell fate through oxidative stress and pathways of autophagy and apoptosis that either lead to tissue regeneration or cell demise. Furthermore, FoxO signaling can be dependent upon signal transduction pathways that include silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (S. cerevisiae) (SIRT1), Wnt, and Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1). Cellular metabolic pathways driven by FoxO proteins are complex, can lead to variable clinical outcomes, and require in-depth analysis of the epigenetic and post-translation protein modifications that drive FoxO protein activation and degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey 07101, USA.
| |
Collapse
|