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Bakry KA, Nasr M, Al-Amgad Z, Kondos E, Kondos MKN, Mehanny PE, Alghamdi AAA, Khormi MA, Abd-ElHafeez HH, Emeish WFA. Resistance of Nile tilapia fed with Padina boergesenii extract to Pseudomonas putida infection. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:281. [PMID: 38951863 PMCID: PMC11218147 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to estimate the immunopotentiation effect of brown algae Padina boergesenii water extract on Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus through resistance to Pseudomonas putida infection. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry was utilized to characterize the seaweed phytoconstituents. One hundred and twenty-six fish were divided in triplicates into two equal groups corresponding to two diet variants that used to feed Nile tilapia for 20 successive days: a basal (control), and P. boergesenii water extract supplemented group. Fish samples were collected at 10-days intervals throughout the experiment. Serum biochemical constituents, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and some immune related genes expression of the spleen and intestinal tissues of experimental fish were studied, as well as histological examination of fish immune tissues. Moreover, following 20 days of feeding, the susceptibility of Nile tilapia to P. putida infection was evaluated to assess the protective effect of the used extract. The findings indicated that the studied parameters were significantly increased, and the best immune response profiles were observed in fish fed P. boergesenii water extract for 20 successive days. A bacterial challenge experiment using P. putida resulted in higher survival within the supplemented fish group than the control. Thus, the lowered post-challenge mortality of the fish may be related to the protection provided by the stimulation of the innate immune system, reduced oxidative stress by higher activity of TAC, and elevated levels of expression of iterleukin-1beta (IL-1β), beta-defensin (β-defensin), and natural killer-lysin (NKl). Moreover, the constituents of the extract used showed potential protective activity for histological features of the supplemented fish group when compared to the control. Collectively, this study presents a great insight on the protective role of P. boergesenii water extract as an additive in Nile tilapia feed which suggests its potential for improving the immune response against P. putida infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima A Bakry
- Department of Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud Nasr
- Department of Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Zeinab Al-Amgad
- General Authority for Veterinary Services, Qena Veterinary Directorate, Qena, Egypt
| | - Ereen Kondos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | - Malak K N Kondos
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, 11516, Egypt
| | - Pierre E Mehanny
- Department of Biochemistry, Toxicology and Feed Deficiency, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Giza, 12618, Egypt
| | - Abdullah A A Alghamdi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsen A Khormi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan, 45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan H Abd-ElHafeez
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| | - Walaa F A Emeish
- Department of Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
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Cervera L, Chaves-Pozo E, Cuesta A. Synthetic Antimicrobial Peptides Fail to Induce Leucocyte Innate Immune Functions but Elicit Opposing Transcriptomic Profiles in European Sea Bass and Gilthead Seabream. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:86. [PMID: 38393057 PMCID: PMC10889969 DOI: 10.3390/md22020086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising molecules in diverse fields, including aquaculture. AMPs possess lytic effects on a wide range of pathogens, resulting in a potential replacement for traditional antimicrobials in aquaculture. In addition, they also have modulatory effects on host immune responses. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the immunomodulatory capability of three known synthetic AMPs derived from European sea bass, NK-lysin (Nkl), hepcidin (Hamp), and dicentracin (Dic), in head-kidney cell suspensions from European sea bass and gilthead seabream. The tested peptides were neither cytotoxic for European sea bass nor gilthead seabream cells and failed to modulate the respiratory burst and phagocytosis activities. However, they modified the pattern of transcription of immune-related genes differently in both species. Peptides were able to promote the expression of marker genes for anti-inflammatory (il10), antiviral (mx, irf3), cell-mediated cytotoxicity (nccrp1, gzmb), and antibody responses (ighm) in European sea bass, with the Nkl peptide being the most effective. Contrary to this, the effects of those peptides on gilthead seabream mainly resulted in the suppression of immune responses. To conclude, European sea bass-derived peptides can be postulated as potential tools for immunostimulation in European sea bass fish farms, but more efforts are required for their universal use in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cervera
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.C.); (A.C.)
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia (COMU-IEO), CSIC, Carretera de la Azohía s/n, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860 Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Chaves-Pozo
- Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia (COMU-IEO), CSIC, Carretera de la Azohía s/n, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.C.); (A.C.)
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Clark B, Kuwalekar M, Fischer B, Woltering J, Biran J, Juntti S, Kratochwil CF, Santos ME, Almeida MV. Genome editing in East African cichlids and tilapias: state-of-the-art and future directions. Open Biol 2023; 13:230257. [PMID: 38018094 PMCID: PMC10685126 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
African cichlid fishes of the Cichlidae family are a group of teleosts important for aquaculture and research. A thriving research community is particularly interested in the cichlid radiations of the East African Great Lakes. One key goal is to pinpoint genetic variation underlying phenotypic diversification, but the lack of genetic tools has precluded thorough dissection of the genetic basis of relevant traits in cichlids. Genome editing technologies are well established in teleost models like zebrafish and medaka. However, this is not the case for emerging model organisms, such as East African cichlids, where these technologies remain inaccessible to most laboratories, due in part to limited exchange of knowledge and expertise. The Cichlid Science 2022 meeting (Cambridge, UK) hosted for the first time a Genome Editing Workshop, where the community discussed recent advances in genome editing, with an emphasis on CRISPR/Cas9 technologies. Based on the workshop findings and discussions, in this review we define the state-of-the-art of cichlid genome editing, share resources and protocols, and propose new possible avenues to further expand the cichlid genome editing toolkit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethan Clark
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Muktai Kuwalekar
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusimaa 00014, Finland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusimaa 00014, Finland
| | - Bettina Fischer
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joost Woltering
- Zoology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Baden-Württemberg 78457, Germany
| | - Jakob Biran
- Department of Poultry and Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion, Israel
| | - Scott Juntti
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Claudius F. Kratochwil
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusimaa 00014, Finland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Uusimaa 00014, Finland
| | | | - Miguel Vasconcelos Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Qiao D, Yan Y, Pei C, Zhang J, Zhao X, Jiang X, Zhu L, Zhang J, Li L, Kong X. Characterization of hepcidin gene and protection of recombinant hepcidin supplemented in feed against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Yellow River carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023:108872. [PMID: 37271324 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepcidin is a small peptide of defensins with antibacterial activity, and plays an important role in innate immunity against pathogenic microorganisms, which can also participate in the regulation of iron metabolism. The hepcidin gene in Yellow River carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus) (CcHep) was cloned and identified. The total length of CcHep cDNA was 480 bp, containing an open reading frame (ORF) that encoded 91 amino acids (aa), which contained a 24-aa signal peptide, a 42-aa propeptide, and a 25-aa mature peptide. The mature peptide had a typical RX (K/R) R motif and eight conserved cysteine residues forming four pairs of disulfide bonds. Homology and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that CcHep had the closest relationship with that of crucian carp. The expression levels of hepcidin mRNA in healthy and Aeromonas hydrophila stimulated fish were measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The results showed that CcHep mRNA was expressed in different tissues of healthy fish with the highest relative expression level in liver, followed by kidney and intestine, and the lowest expression level was observed in heart. The hepcidin gene was extremely significantly up-regulated in head kidney, intestine, liver, skin, spleen, and gill at 6 h and 12 h after A. hydrophila infection. Furthermore, the immunoregulation effect of dietary recombinant protein was evaluated. The recombinant hepcidin protein (rCcHep) was successfully expressed by Pichia pastoris X-33 and showed strong antibacterial activity against A. hydrophila, Escherichia coli, Vibrio anguillarum and Bacillus subtilis in vitro. In order to evaluate the preventive effect of rCcHep, fish were fed with basal diet or diet supplemented with different doses of rCcHep, and then challenged with A. hydrophila. The results showed that immune genes were up-regulated to varying degrees, and feed additive groups exhibited a significantly improved up-regulation expressions of Lysozyme, Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR 5), Major histocompatibility complex classⅡ (MHCⅡ), while inhibited up-regulation expressions of Interleukin 1β (IL-1β), Interleukin 8 (IL-8), and Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in liver and spleen compared to the control. Meanwhile, the relative immune protection rate in 120 mg/kg feed additive group was 28%, and the bacterial clearance rate in tissues of this group was higher than that of the control. Collectively, these results indicated that rCcHep had antibacterial activity and showed an immune protection effect against A. hydrophila, and could be considered as a dietary supplement to apply in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qiao
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China
| | - Yan Yan
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China
| | - Chao Pei
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China
| | - Jinghang Zhang
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China
| | - Xianliang Zhao
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China
| | - Xianghui Kong
- Engineering Lab of Henan Province for Aquatic Animal Disease Control, College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Henan province, PR China.
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Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Du X, Cao Z, Wu Y, Liu C, Sun Y. Antibacterial Activity and Mechanisms of TroHepc2-22, a Derived Peptide of Hepcidin2 from Golden Pompano ( Trachinotus ovatus). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119251. [PMID: 37298202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin, a cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptide, has a highly conserved gene structure in teleosts, and it plays an essential role in host immune response against various pathogenic bacteria. Nonetheless, few studies on the antibacterial mechanism of hepcidin in golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) have been reported. In this study, we synthesized a derived peptide, TroHepc2-22, from the mature peptide of T. ovatus hepcidin2. Our results showed that TroHepc2-22 has superior antibacterial abilities against both Gram-negative (Vibrio harveyi and Edwardsiella piscicida) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae) bacteria. Based on the results of a bacterial membrane depolarization assay and propidium iodide (PI) staining assay in vitro, TroHepc2-22 displayed antimicrobial activity by inducing the bacterial membrane depolarization and changing the bacterial membrane permeability. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) visualization illustrated that TroHepc2-22 brought about membrane rupturing and the leakage of the cytoplasm for the bacteria. In addition, TroHepc2-22 was verified to have hydrolytic activity on bacterial genomic DNA in view of the results of the gel retardation assay. In terms of the in vivo assay, the bacterial loads of V. harveyi in the tested immune tissues (liver, spleen, and head kidney) were significantly reduced in T. ovatus, revealing that TroHepc2-22 significantly enhanced the resistance against V. harveyi infection. Furthermore, the expressions of immune-related genes, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin 1-β (IL-1β), IL-6, Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1), and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) were significantly increased, indicating that TroHepc2-22 might regulate inflammatory cytokines and activate immune-related signaling pathways. To summarize, TroHepc2-22 possesses appreciable antimicrobial activity and plays a vital role in resisting bacterial infection. The observation of our present study unveils the excellent application prospect of hepcidin as a substitute for antibiotics to resist pathogenic microorganisms in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengshi Zhang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572022, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yongcan Zhou
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572022, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572022, China
| | - Xiangyu Du
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572022, China
| | - Zhenjie Cao
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572022, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572022, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572022, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya 572022, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Zhang Y, Qi X, Zhang Z, Jin Z, Wang G, Ling F. Effects of dietary Cetobacterium somerae on the intestinal health, immune parameters and resistance against Nocardia seriolae of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 135:108693. [PMID: 36940785 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), one of the most important freshwater commercial fish species has been widely cultivated in China. In recent years, the nocardiosis caused by Nocardia seriolae has greatly damaged the M. salmoides industry and there is no effective treatment at present. Currently, Cetobacterium somerae, the predominant bacteria in the gut of many freshwater fishes has been reported to be associated with fish health. However, whether the native C. somerae could protect the host from N. seriolae is unclear. In this study, M. salmoides were fed with three different diets, including control diet (CD), low C. somerae diet (106 CFU/g as LD) and high C. somerae diet (108 CFU/g as HD). After 8-week feeding, growth performance, gut health index, serum enzyme activities and the expression of inflammation-related genes were tested. Results showed that the LD and HD diets had no adverse effects on the growth performance. Moreover, dietary HD enhanced gut barrier and reduced intestinal ROS and ORP, as well as increased serum enzyme activities including ACP, AKP, SOD and LZM compared to the CD group. In addition, the HD diet significantly up-regulated the expression of TNF-α, IL8, IL-1β and IL15, while down-regulating the expression of TGF-β1 and IL10 in kidney. Moreover, the expression of antibacterial genes was significantly increased in HD group after being challenged by N. seriolae. And the fish fed HD diet exhibited higher survival rate (57.5%) than that in CD (37.5%) and LD groups (42.5%). To summarize, our study demonstrates that dietary HD can enhance gut health, improve immune response and strengthen pathogen resistance, suggesting that C. somerae is a potential probiotic for defending against N. seriolae infection in M. salmoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaozhou Qi
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhongyu Zhang
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhanlin Jin
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Gaoxue Wang
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, China.
| | - Fei Ling
- Northwest A&F University, Xinong Road 22nd, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, China.
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Cervera L, González-Fernández C, Cano D, Esteban MÁ, Mercado L, Chaves-Pozo E, Cuesta A. Immunity elicited by AMP-encoding plasmids fails to increase the protection of European sea bass against nodavirus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 132:108507. [PMID: 36581252 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.108507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a potent arm of the innate immune system that can directly kill pathogens and induce immunomodulation. In the marine aquaculture, European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) is one of the most prosperous species but is highly susceptible to nodavirus (NNV), which produces high rates of mortality in larvae and juvenile stages. Thus, we aimed to evaluate whether AMPs exert immunomodulatory and/or NNV-preventive actions in sea bass. To do this, plasmids encoding the sea bass AMPs dicentracin (pDIC), beta-defensin (pDB1), hepcidin (pHAMP2) or NK-lysin (pNKL) were generated and intramuscularly injected into sea bass juveniles to evaluate their immunomodulatory and anti-NNV roles. Sea bass muscle transcribes the AMPs and produces an increase in their circulating levels, along with an increase of the antibacterial activity. Immune-related gene analysis revealed a great activation of the inflammatory response and the recruitment of neutrophilic granulocytes at the site of injection. However, AMP-encoding plasmids, namely pHAMP2, negatively affected to NNV disease by increasing fish mortality. In conclusion, plasmids encoding AMPs show immunostimulatory effects on European sea bass but do not improve the resistance to NNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cervera
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen González-Fernández
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Daniela Cano
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Ángeles Esteban
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Luis Mercado
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Elena Chaves-Pozo
- Oceanographic Centre of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Spanish National Research Council (IEO-CSIC), Carretera de la Azohía s/n, Puerto de Mazarrón, 30860, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Zhou J, Feng M, Zhang W, Kuang R, Zou Q, Su J, Yuan G. Oral administration of hepcidin and chitosan benefits growth, immunity, and gut microbiota in grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella). Front Immunol 2022; 13:1075128. [PMID: 36591242 PMCID: PMC9798086 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1075128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive high-density culture patterns are causing an increasing number of bacterial diseases in fish. Hepcidin links iron metabolism with innate immunity in the process of resisting bacterial infection. In this study, the antibacterial effect of the combination of hepcidin (Cihep) and chitosan (CS) against Flavobacterium columnare was investigated. The dosing regimen was also optimized by adopting a feeding schedule of every three days and every seven days. After 56 days of feeding experiment, grass carp growth, immunity, and gut microbiota were tested. In vitro experiments, Cihep and CS can regulate iron metabolism and antibacterial activity, and that the combination of Cihep and CS had the best protective effect. In vivo experiments, Cihep and CS can improve the growth index of grass carp. After challenge with Flavobacterium columnare, the highest survival rate was observed in the Cihep+CS-3d group. By serum biochemical indicators assay and Prussian blue staining, Cihep and CS can increase iron accumulation and decrease serum iron levels. The contents of lysozyme and superoxide dismutase in Cihep+CS-3d group increased significantly. Meanwhile, Cihep and CS can significantly reduce the pathological damage of gill tissue. The 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that Cihep and CS can significantly increase the abundance and diversity of grass carp gut microbiota. These results indicated that the protective effect of consecutive 3-day feeding followed by a 3-day interval was better than that of consecutive 7-day feeding followed by a 7-day interval, and that the protective effect of Cihep in combination with chitosan was better than that of Cihep alone. Our findings optimize the feeding pattern for better oral administration of Cihep in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Zhou
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,Wuhan DaBeiNong (DBN) Aquaculture Technology Co. LTD, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mengzhen Feng
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weixiang Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Kuang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qi Zou
- Wuhan DaBeiNong (DBN) Aquaculture Technology Co. LTD, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gailing Yuan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Gailing Yuan,
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Rashidian G, Moosazadeh Moghaddam M, Mirnejad R, Mohammadi Azad Z. Supplementation of zebrafish (Danio rerio) diet using a short antimicrobial peptide: Evaluation of growth performance, immunomodulatory function, antioxidant activity, and disease resistance. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:42-50. [PMID: 34597813 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain bioactive peptides are new and promising antimicrobial, immune moderating, and antioxidant agents. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate in vitro antibacterial activity of CM11, a short antimicrobial peptide (AMP), against Streptococcus iniae and Yersinia ruckeri as fish pathogenic bacteria using standard disk diffusion and microdilution assays. In addition, in vivo effects of CM11 on fish growth, immunity, antioxidant activity, and disease resistance were evaluated using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an animal model. For in vivo study, based on in vitro susceptibility results, four diets were designed to include zero (as control), 10, 20, and 50 μg of CM11 per g diet referred to as control, P1, P2, and P3 treatments, respectively. After eight weeks of dietary trial, fish were challenged with Streptococcus iniae, and the survival rate was calculated for a period of two weeks. Results showed that CM11 effectively inhibited the growth of S. iniae and Y. ruckeri on agar plates at a concentration of eight μg/ml. Minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations of CM11 were measured at 8 and 32 μg/ml for S. iniae and 16 and 64 μg/ml Y. ruckeri, respectively. In vivo results showed no noticeable effects on fish growth parameters, however, feed conversion ratio (FCR) was found lower in P3 and P2 compared to control (P < 0.05). Immunological and antioxidant responses were found strongly affected by CM11 in all treatment groups in which the highest values were found in the P3 treated group. Key immune and antioxidant genes were up-regulated particularly in fish receiving the highest level of CM11 (P3). Fish receiving the CM11 peptide showed better survival when challenged with S. iniae. These findings suggest the potential of CM11 for use in aquaculture as an antibacterial and immunostimulant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Rashidian
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, 64414-356, Noor, Iran
| | | | - Reza Mirnejad
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mohammadi Azad
- Department of Microbiology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Simora RMC, Wang W, Coogan M, El Husseini N, Terhune JS, Dunham RA. Effectiveness of Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide against Ictalurid Catfish Bacterial Pathogens. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2021; 33:178-189. [PMID: 34121235 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the major goals in aquaculture is to protect fish against infectious diseases as disease outbreaks could lead to economic losses if not controlled. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), a class of highly conserved peptides known to possess direct antimicrobial activities against invading pathogens, were evaluated for their ability to protect Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus and hybrid catfish (female Channel Catfish × male Blue Catfish I. furcatus) against infection caused by the fish pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila ML09-119. To identify effective peptides, the minimum inhibitory concentrations against bacterial pathogens Edwardsiella ictaluri S97-773, Edwardsiella piscicida E22-10, A. hydrophila ML09-119, Aeromonas veronii 03X03876, and Flavobacterium columnare GL-001 were determined in vitro. In general and overall, cathelicidins derived from alligator and sea snake exhibited more potent and rapid antimicrobial activities against the tested catfish pathogens as compared to cecropin and pleurocidin AMPs and ampicillin, the antibiotic control. When the peptides (2.5 µg of peptide/g of fish) were injected into fish and simultaneously challenged with A. hydrophila through immersion, increased survival rates in Channel Catfish and hybrid catfish were observed in both cathelicidin (alligator and sea snake) treatments as compared to other peptides and the infected control (P < 0.001) with alligator cathelicidin being the overall best treatment. Bacterial numbers in the kidney and liver of Channel Catfish and hybrid catfish also decreased (P < 0.05) for cathelicidin-injected groups at 24 and 48 h after challenge infection. These results show the potential of cathelicidin to protect catfish against bacterial infections and suggest that an approach overexpressing the peptide in transgenic fish, which is the long-term goal of this research program, may provide a method of decreasing bacterial disease problems in catfish as delivering the peptides via individual injection or feeding would not be economically feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhoda Mae C Simora
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao, Iloilo, 5023, Philippines
| | - Wenwen Wang
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
| | - Michael Coogan
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
| | - Nour El Husseini
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Jeffery S Terhune
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
| | - Rex A Dunham
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
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11
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Tu PY, Huang SJ, Rajanbabu V, Wu JL, Chen JY. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals ectopic delta-5 and delta-6 desaturases enhance protective gene expression upon Vibrio vulnificus challenge in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). BMC Genomics 2021; 22:200. [PMID: 33752587 PMCID: PMC7983300 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07521-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultures are frequently infected by Vibrio vulnificus, causing major economic losses to production units. Previously, tilapia expressing recombinant delta-5 desaturase and delta-6 desaturase (D56) were found to be resistant to V. vulnificus infection. In this report, we profile the D56-mediated molecular changes underlying this resistance in tilapia. A comparative transcriptome analysis was performed on V. vulnificus-infected wild-type and D56-transgenic tilapia using Illumina’s sequencing-by-synthesis approach. Gene enrichment analysis on differentially expressed unigenes was performed, and the expression patterns were validated by real-time PCR. Results Comparative transcriptome analysis was performed on RNA-sequence profiles obtained from wild-type and D56-transgenic tilapia at 0, 6 and 24 h post-infection with V. vulnificaus. GO and KEGG gene enrichment analyses showed that D56 regulates several pathways and genes, including fatty acid (FA) metabolism associated, and inflammatory and immune response. Expression of selected FA metabolism-associated, inflammatory and immune responsive genes was validated by qPCR. The inflammatory and immune responsive genes that are modulated by FA-associated D56 likely contribute to the enhanced resistance against V. vulnificus infection in Tilapia. Conclusions Transcriptome profiling and filtering for two-fold change variation showed that 3795 genes were upregulated and 1839 genes were downregulated in D56-transgenic tilapia. These genes were grouped into pathways, such as FA metabolism, FA elongation, FA biosynthesis, biosynthesis of unsaturated FA, FA degradation, inflammation, immune response, and chemokines. FA-associated genes and immune-related genes were modulated by D56 at 6 h and 24 h post infection with V. vulnificus. The expression patterns of FA-related genes, inflammatory genes, antimicrobial peptide genes and immune responsive genes at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h post-infection suggests these genes are involved in the enhanced resistance of D56 transgenic tilapia to V. vulnificus. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07521-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Yang Tu
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10 Dahuen Rd., Jiaushi, Ilan, 262, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Jie Huang
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Venugopal Rajanbabu
- Department of Plant Breeding 7 Genetics, Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College & Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu, 620027, India
| | - Jen-Leih Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Yih Chen
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10 Dahuen Rd., Jiaushi, Ilan, 262, Taiwan. .,The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
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12
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Ceballos-Francisco D, Castillo Y, De La Rosa F, Vásquez W, Reyes-Santiago R, Cuello A, Cuesta A, Esteban MÁ. Bactericidal effect on skin mucosa of dietary guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaves in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 259:112838. [PMID: 32387463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Due to the intensification practices in global aquaculture, fish are often confined in small volumes, which can results in outbreak diseases. In this context, the use of antibiotics is very usual. Thus, looking for natural substance able to reduce the use of the antibiotics is imperative. Among them, there is a great interest at present in the study of medicinal plants such as guava (Psidium guajava L.). These plants could help to develop a more sustainable aquaculture all over the world. The application of guava in traditional medicine dates for centuries and it is widely used in tropical countries for the treatment of diseases in human and animals. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this work was to study the effects of the dietary administration of dried leaves of Psidium guajava on the skin mucosal immunity of hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus). Furthermore, the ability of this plant to inhibit the bacterial load in different tissues after an experimental infection with Vibrio harveyi was studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS P. guajava leaves collection and the experimentation was carried out in Dominican Republic. Fish were fed with a commercial diet supplemented with guava leaf at different concentrations (0%, 1.5% and 3%) for 21 days before being intraperitoneally injected with V. harveyi (1 × 104 cells mL-1). Thereafter, several immune activities were measured in fish skin mucus and after 48 h of injection, the skin, spleen and liver were collected to analyse the bactericidal activity of guava leaf and the gene expression of some immune related genes. RESULTS The administration of P. guajava leaves significantly modulated some immune-related enzymes (protease, antiprotease and peroxidase) in the skin mucus of hybrid tilapia. In addition, the bacterial load after V. harveyi infection in skin, spleen and liver significantly reduced in fish supplemented with guava leaves. Finally, the expression profile of hepcidin gene in skin and liver was modulated in fish feed with control diet after V. harveyi infection. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that the dietary intake of guava leaves increases the skin mucosal barrier defences of hybrid tilapia and confers protection against V. harveyi colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Ceballos-Francisco
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Yussaira Castillo
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo (IMPA-UASD), Alma Máter, Santo Domingo, 10103, Dominican Republic
| | - Francisco De La Rosa
- Veterinary Clinic, Acuario Nacional of Dominican Republic, Santo Domingo Este, 11603, Dominican Republic
| | - William Vásquez
- Veterinary Clinic, Acuario Nacional of Dominican Republic, Santo Domingo Este, 11603, Dominican Republic
| | - Raysa Reyes-Santiago
- Faculty of Agronomic and Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, Calle Rogelio Rosell 1, Engombe, Santo Domingo Oeste, 10904, Dominican Republic
| | - Andreina Cuello
- Faculty of Agronomic and Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, Calle Rogelio Rosell 1, Engombe, Santo Domingo Oeste, 10904, Dominican Republic
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Ghodsi Z, Kalbassi MR, Farzaneh P, Mobarez AM, Beemelmanns C, Amiri Moghaddam J. Immunomodulatory function of antimicrobial peptide EC-Hepcidin1 modulates the induction of inflammatory gene expression in primary cells of Caspian Trout (Salmo trutta caspius Kessler, 1877). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 104:55-61. [PMID: 32473358 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hepcidins, a group of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), play a key role in the innate immune system of fishes and act against different pathogens. In this study, antimicrobial and immune-inflammatory activity of a synthetic EC-hepcidin1, previously identified from orange-spotted grouper, were evaluated. EC-hepcidin1 showed weak activity against the zoonotic fish pathogen Streptococcus iniae (MIC 100 μg mL-1 and MBC 150 μg mL-1). To study the effect of AMPs in general, and EC-hepcidin1 in particular, a primary cell culture (SC) from the fin tissue of the Caspian Trout (Salmo trutta caspius) was established. The neutral Red method on SC cells revealed that EC-hepcidin1 has no or very low cytotoxic properties. Treatment of cells with either EC-hepcidin1 (150 μg mL-1) or fish pathogen Streptococcus iniae (MOI = 10) and a mixture of both resulted in the up-regulation of gene expression of MHC-UBA, IL-6, and TNFα indicating the modulatory function on inflammatory processes. These findings indicate that EC-hepcidin1 might act as a candidate for modulation of the innate immune system in S. iniae-based infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Ghodsi
- Department of Aquaculture, Marine Sciences Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Kalbassi
- Department of Aquaculture, Marine Sciences Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parvaneh Farzaneh
- Human and Animal Cell Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Mohebati Mobarez
- Department of Bacteriology, Medical Sciences Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Christine Beemelmanns
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e.V. Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Jamshid Amiri Moghaddam
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology e.V. Hans-Knöll-Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany.
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Phan-Aram P, Mahasri G, Kayansamruaj P, Amparyup P, Srisapoome P. Immune Regulation, but Not Antibacterial Activity, Is a Crucial Function of Hepcidins in Resistance against Pathogenic Bacteria in Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus Linn.). Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10081132. [PMID: 32751990 PMCID: PMC7464455 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the functions of a recombinant propeptide (rProOn-Hep1) and the synthetic FITC-labelled mature peptides sMatOn-Hep1 and sMatOn-Hep2 were analyzed. Moreover, sMatOn-Hep1 and sMatOn-Hep2 were mildly detected in the lymphocytes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and strongly detected in head kidney macrophages. The in vitro binding and antibacterial activities of these peptides were slightly effective against several pathogenic bacteria. Immune regulation by sMatOn-Hep1 was also analyzed, and only sMatOn-Hep1 significantly enhanced the phagocytic index in vitro (p < 0.05). Interestingly, intraperitoneal injection of sMatOn-Hep1 (10 or 100 µg) significantly elevated the phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, and lysozyme activity and clearly decreased the iron ion levels in the livers of the treated fish (p < 0.05). Additionally, sMatOn-Hep1 enhanced the expression levels of CC and CXC chemokines, transferrin and both On-Hep genes in the liver, spleen and head kidney, for 1–96 h after injection, but did not properly protect the experimental fish from S. agalactiae infection after 7 days of treatment. However, the injection of S. agalactiae and On-Heps indicated that 100 μg of sMatOn-Hep1 was very effective, while 100 μg of rProOn-Hep1 and sMatOn-Hep2 demonstrated moderate protection. Therefore, On-Hep is a crucial iron-regulating molecule and a key immune regulator of disease resistance in Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pagaporn Phan-Aram
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (P.P.-A.); (P.K.)
| | - Gunanti Mahasri
- Department of Fish Health Management and Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, Campus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia;
| | - Pattanapon Kayansamruaj
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (P.P.-A.); (P.K.)
| | - Piti Amparyup
- Marine Biotechnology Research Team, Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Prapansak Srisapoome
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; (P.P.-A.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Zebrafish as a Model for Fish Diseases in Aquaculture. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9080609. [PMID: 32726918 PMCID: PMC7460226 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9080609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of zebrafish as a model for human conditions is widely recognized. Within the last couple of decades, the zebrafish has furthermore increasingly been utilized as a model for diseases in aquacultured fish species. The unique tools available in zebrafish present advantages compared to other animal models and unprecedented in vivo imaging and the use of transgenic zebrafish lines have contributed with novel knowledge to this field. In this review, investigations conducted in zebrafish on economically important diseases in aquacultured fish species are included. Studies are summarized on bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases and described in relation to prophylactic approaches, immunology and infection biology. Considerable attention has been assigned to innate and adaptive immunological responses. Finally, advantages and drawbacks of using the zebrafish as a model for aquacultured fish species are discussed.
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Hu Y, Kurobe T, Liu X, Zhang YA, Su J, Yuan G. Hamp Type-1 Promotes Antimicrobial Defense via Direct Microbial Killing and Regulating Iron Metabolism in Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella). Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060825. [PMID: 32481513 PMCID: PMC7356000 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin is an antimicrobial peptide and regulator of iron homeostasis which has two isoforms in most fishes and some mammals. Previous studies have reported that the two hepcidin isoforms have different roles. Hamp type-1 plays a regulatory role in iron metabolism and hamp type-2 mostly performs an antimicrobial role. In this study, we found that Ctenopharyngodon idella (C. idella) have only one hepcidin isoform (hamp type-1), which showed both broad-spectrum antibacterial and iron regulatory functions. C. idella hepcidin mature peptide (hepcidin-25) and truncated peptide (hepcidin-20) exhibited bactericidal activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in a dose-dependent manner in part through membrane rupture and binding to bacterial genomic DNA. The data from challenge tests demonstrated that the administration of hepcidin-25 significantly reduced mortality rates of C. idella by A. hydrophila infection, probably due to direct bactericidal activities of the peptide and a reduction of iron content in the fish serum. In addition, a comparison between hepcidin-20 and -25 suggests that the N terminal 5 amino acids play a critical role in reducing iron content in fish serum. Our findings revealed an important role of hamp type-1 in maintaining iron homeostasis and fighting against bacterial infections, suggesting the hepcidin has implications for the prevention and control of bacterial infection in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhen Hu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.H.); (X.L.); (Y.-A.Z.); (J.S.)
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tomofumi Kurobe
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.H.); (X.L.); (Y.-A.Z.); (J.S.)
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.H.); (X.L.); (Y.-A.Z.); (J.S.)
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.H.); (X.L.); (Y.-A.Z.); (J.S.)
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gailing Yuan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.H.); (X.L.); (Y.-A.Z.); (J.S.)
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-27-87285211
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Wang J, Liang D, Yang Q, Tan B, Dong X, Chi S, Liu H, Zhang S. The effect of partial replacement of fish meal by soy protein concentrate on growth performance, immune responses, gut morphology and intestinal inflammation for juvenile hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:619-631. [PMID: 31704202 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of partial replacement of fish meal by soy protein concentrate (SPC) on the growth performance, immune responses, intestine morphology and relation gene expression of intestinal inflammation for juvenile hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂) (initial weight 12.5 ± 0.00 g). Eight isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets (48.61% protein and 11.17% lipid) were formulated by replacing 0% (the control), 11%, 22%, 33%, 44%, 55%, 66%, and 77% of fish meal (FM) with SPC, respectively (the eight dietary be named FM, S11, S22, S33, S44, S55, S66, and S77, respectively). With the replacement level increased, the final body weight, weight gain ratio (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and survival rate of fish were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) compared with the group FM. By contrast, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of fish was significantly increased (P < 0.05) when the replacement level up to 44%. Partial FM replacement by SPC (ranging from 11% to 77%) substantially reduced (P < 0.05) the serum total protein, albumin, and total cholesterol contents compared with the group FM. Liver total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase activities, and total antioxidant capacity showed the same trend of gradual increase first and then decrease. Their highest values were found in the replacement levels of 55%, 33%, 22%, and 55% and were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the control group. The lowest malondialdehyde content was observed in group S77 and was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than that of the control group. The complements C3 and C4 contents of fish fed with experimental diets (replacement level ranged from 11% to 66%) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the group FM. The liver lysozyme activity of the control group was the lowest and was significantly lower than that of other dietary treatments (P < 0.05). Villus length and muscle thickness in the intestine of fish were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than other groups when the replacement level exceeded 44%. With dietary replacement levels increased, the TLR22, MyD88, p65, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-12P40 and INF-γ) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β, IL-10, epinecidin, MHCIIβ and hepcidin) mRNA levels in the proximal intestine were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05). The TLR22, MyD88, p65, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-12P40 and INF-γ) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β, IL-10, MHCIIβ and hepcidin) mRNA levels in the mid intestine were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05). The mRNA levels of TLR22, anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-12P40, INF-γ) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β, IL-10, epinecidin, MHCIIβ and hepcidin) in the distal intestine were significantly down-regulated (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of MyD88 and p65 mRNA were showed a tend increased first and then decreased, and the highest values were observed in group S33 and S55 (P < 0.05), respectively. Based on the present work, the correlation between WGR and FM replacement level with SPC was described using the broken-line model, which estimated the optimum FM replacement to 37.23% for juvenile hybrid grouper dietary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxian Wang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Dazhi Liang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Qihui Yang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Beiping Tan
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Shuyan Chi
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, PR China
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18
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Ting CH, Pan CY, Chen YC, Lin YC, Chen TY, Rajanbabu V, Chen JY. Impact of Tilapia hepcidin 2-3 dietary supplementation on the gut microbiota profile and immunomodulation in the grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus). Sci Rep 2019; 9:19047. [PMID: 31836758 PMCID: PMC6910925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55509-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin regulates iron homeostasis and host-defense mechanisms, while the hepcidin-like protein, Tilapia hepcidin (TH)2-3, functions as an antimicrobial peptide (AMP). Since AMP dietary supplements may be used as alternatives to antibiotics in livestock, we tested the effects of recombinant (r)TH2-3 as a dietary supplement in grouper aquaculture. rTH2-3 was produced by a Pichia pastoris expression system and exhibited thermostability and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. The feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency were determined in Epinephelus lanceolatus (grouper) fed with rTH2-3-supplemented diet for 28 days. In addition, grouper showed enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity after rTH2-3 feeding compared to regular-diet-fed fish. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that microbial diversity was enhanced by feeding grouper with 1% rTH2-3. After challenging grouper with Vibrio alginolyticus, differential regulation of immune-related genes in the liver and spleen was observed between the TH2-3 and regular-diet groups, including for genes associated with antimicrobial and pro-inflammatory functions, complement components, and major histocompatibility complex (Mhc). These findings suggest that overall immunity was improved. Thus, our results suggest long-term supplementation with rTH2-3 may be beneficial for aquacultured grouper. The beneficial effects of the supplement are likely based on changes in the commensal microbial community as well as immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hung Ting
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10 Dahuen Road, Jiaushi, Ilan, 262, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Yu Pan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, 811, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10 Dahuen Road, Jiaushi, Ilan, 262, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Lin
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10 Dahuen Road, Jiaushi, Ilan, 262, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Yueh Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology & Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Venugopal Rajanbabu
- Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural university, Tiruchchirapalli, 620027, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jyh-Yih Chen
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10 Dahuen Road, Jiaushi, Ilan, 262, Taiwan.
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202, Taiwan.
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19
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Shirdel I, Kalbassi MR, Hosseinkhani S, Paknejad H, Wink M. Cloning, characterization and tissue-specific expression of the antimicrobial peptide hepcidin from caspian trout (Salmo caspius) and the antibacterial activity of the synthetic peptide. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 90:288-296. [PMID: 31071462 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides have a wide range of antimicrobial activity and widely occur in different organisms including mollusks, crustaceans and vertebrates. Hepcidins are a group of cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides that are active against a variety of pathogens including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as viruses. In this study, the hepcidin gene of Caspian trout (CtHep) was identified and characterized. Our results showed that CtHep cDNA has a 267-bp Open Reading Frame (ORF), which is translated to 88 amino acids. The CtHep was classified in the HAMP1 class of hepcidins. Comparison of DNA and cDNA sequences showed that CtHep has 3 exons and 2 introns. The signal, prodomain and mature part of CtHep have 24, 39 and 25 amino acids, respectively. The mature peptide has a molecular weight of 2881.43 Da and a theoretical isoelectric point of 8.53. The expression of CtHep mRNA was detected in different tissues of healthy and infected fish. CtHep expression in the liver, head kidney, spleen and skin was significantly enhanced after bacterial challenge. Expression of CtHep in different embryonic development stages was also substantial. Antibacterial activity of synthetic CtHep peptides was investigated against a number of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. CtHep inhibited some pathogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus iniae and Aeromonas hydrophila. In the in vivo experiment, CtHep upregulated the cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in both kidney and spleen tissues after 24 h of the peptide injection. In conclusion, our study showed that CtHep plays an important role in the immune system of Caspian trout and also in the embryonic stages. Moreover, CtHep peptide has a potential to be used as an antimicrobial therapeutic agent as well as an immunostimulant in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Shirdel
- Department of Fisheries, Marine Sciences Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Kalbassi
- Department of Fisheries, Marine Sciences Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran.
| | - Saman Hosseinkhani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamed Paknejad
- Department of Fisheries, Division of Genetics and Physiology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
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20
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Huang X, Hu B, Yang X, Gong L, Tan J, Deng L. The putative mature peptide of piscidin-1 modulates global transcriptional profile and proliferation of splenic lymphocytes in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:1035-1043. [PMID: 30592965 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Piscidins are important components in protecting microbial infections in teleost. The present study purified and identified a truncated peptide, whose sequence was very close to that of putative mature peptide of epinecidin-1 (piscidin-1) in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides), Epi-1 (also named as short form of ecPis-1, ecPis-1S). The immunomodulatory effects of ecPis-1S on splenic lymphocytes of orange-spotted grouper were explored in vitro. The transcriptome study was carried out by De novo transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) in splenic lymphocytes of orange-spotted grouper. Regarding the profiles of gene expressions, 2994 genes were up-regulated and 2679 genes were down-regulated in the splenic lymphocytes stimulated by ecPis-1S. In the case of differential expression genes, 330 genes were involved in immune related pathways. Among them, 34 genes were involved in T cell receptor signaling pathway, 31 genes in natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity and 23 genes in leukocyte transendothelial migration, respectively. Immune-related genes selected for qRT-PCR verification, such as interleukin-1β (il-1b), tumor necrosis factor α (tnfa), T cell antigen receptor (tcr), major histocompatibility complex class I (mhc I), and mhc II were significantly up-regulated by ecPis-1S (p < 0.05). ecPis-1S could significantly enhance the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes of orange-spotted grouper in vitro (p < 0.05). In addition, the result of qRT-PCR revealed that ecPis-1S also significantly up-regulated cell cycle-related genes, including cyclin A (cyca), cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (cdk2), cdk4, cell division cycle protein 6 (cdc6), and transforming growth factor β (tgfb) (p < 0.05), which suggested that ecPis-1S promoted the proliferation of lymphocytes by activating cell division cycle. In conclusion, the results indicated that the mature peptide of piscidin-1 in orange-spotted grouper could act as immune modulator and play an important role in regulation of the immune response in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiazi Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China
| | - Bochao Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China
| | - Licai Gong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China
| | - Jingyun Tan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China
| | - Li Deng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, PR China.
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21
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Chen J, Nie L, Chen J. Mudskipper (Boleophthalmus pectinirostris) Hepcidin-1 and Hepcidin-2 Present Different Gene Expression Profile and Antibacterial Activity and Possess Distinct Protective Effect against Edwardsiella tarda Infection. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 10:176-185. [PMID: 29151250 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9352-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hepcidins are small cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides that play an important role in fish immunity against pathogens. Most fish species have two or more hepcidin homologs that have distinct functions. This study investigated the immune functions of mudskipper (Boleophthalmus pectinirostris) hepcidin-1 (BpHep-1) and hepcidin-2 (BpHep-2) in vitro and in vivo. Upon infection with Edwardsiella tarda, the expression of BpHep-1 and BpHep-2 mRNA in immune tissues was significantly upregulated, but the expression profiles were different. Chemically synthesized BpHep-1 and BpHep-2 mature peptides exhibited selective antibacterial activity against various bacterial species, and BpHep-2 exhibited a stronger antibacterial activity and broader spectrum than BpHep-1. BpHep-1 and BpHep-2 both inhibited the growth of E. tarda in vitro, with the latter being more effective than the former. In addition, both peptides induced hydrolysis of purified bacterial genomic DNA (gDNA) or gDNA in live bacteria. In vivo, an intraperitoneal injection of 1.0 μg/g BpHep-2 significantly improved the survival rate of mudskippers against E. tarda infection compared with 0.1 μg/g BpHep-2 or 0.1 and 1.0 μg/g BpHep-1. Similarly, only BpHep-2 treatment effectively reduced the tissue bacterial load in E. tarda-infected mudskippers. Furthermore, treatment with 1.0 or 10.0 μg/ml BpHep-2 promoted the phagocytic and bactericidal activities of mudskipper monocytes/macrophages (MO/MФ). However, only the highest dose (10.0 μg/ml) of BpHep-1 enhanced phagocytosis, and BpHep-1 exerted no obvious effects on bactericidal activity. In conclusion, BpHep-2 is a stronger bactericide than BpHep-1 in mudskippers, and acts not only by directly killing bacteria but also through an immunomodulatory function on MO/MФ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Li Nie
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China. .,Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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22
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Wu SH, Lin HJ, Lin WF, Wu JL, Gong HY. A potent tilapia secreted granulin peptide enhances the survival of transgenic zebrafish infected by Vibrio vulnificus via modulation of innate immunity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 75:74-90. [PMID: 29408220 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Progranulin (PGRN) is a multi-functional growth factor that mediates cell proliferation, survival, migration, tumorigenesis, wound healing, development, and anti-inflammation activity. A novel alternatively spliced transcript from the short-form PGRN1 gene encoding a novel, secreted GRN peptide composed of 20-a.a. signal peptide and 41-a.a. GRN named GRN-41 was identified to be abundantly expressed in immune-related organs including spleen, head kidney, and intestine of Mozambique tilapia. The expression of GRN-41 and PGRN1 were further induced in the spleen of tilapia challenged with Vibrio vulnificus at 3 h post infection (hpi) and 6 hpi, respectively. In this study, we established three transgenic zebrafish lines expressing the secreted GRN-41, GRN-A and PGRN1 of Mozambique tilapia specifically in muscle. The relative percent of survival (RPS) was enhanced in adult transgenic zebrafish expressing tilapia GRN-41 (68%), GRN-A (32%) and PGRN1 (36%) compared with control transgenic zebrafish expressing AcGFP after challenge with V. vulnificus. It indicates tilapia GRN-41 is a potent peptide against V. vulnificus infection. The secreted tilapia GRN-41 can induce the expression of innate immune response-related genes, such as TNFa, TNFb, IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-26, IL-21, IL-10, complement C3, lysozyme (Lyz) and the hepatic antimicrobial peptide hepcidin (HAMP), in adult transgenic zebrafish without V. vulnificus infection. The tilapia GRN-41 peptide can enhance the innate immune response by further elevating TNFb, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6, and HAMP expression in early responsive time to the V. vulnificus challenge in transgenic zebrafish. Our results suggest that the novel GRN-41 peptide generated from alternative splicing of the tilapia PGRN1 gene is a potent peptide that defends against V. vulnificus in the transgenic zebrafish model by modulation of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Han Wu
- Division of Life Science, Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Jie Lin
- Division of Life Science, Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Fu Lin
- Division of Life Science, Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Leih Wu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yi Gong
- Division of Life Science, Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan.
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23
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Wei X, Sarath Babu V, Lin L, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Liu X, Su J, Li J, Zhao L, Yuan G. Hepcidin protects grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) against Flavobacterium columnare infection via regulating iron distribution and immune gene expression. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 75:274-283. [PMID: 29452250 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Columnaris disease (CD) caused by Flavobacterium columnare (F. columnare) is lack of knowledge on effective treatment measures. Bacterial pathogens require iron as an essential nutrient to infect the host. While hepcidin acts as a master regulator in iron metabolism, its contribution to host defense is emerging as complex and multifaceted. In vitro, recombinant Ctenopharyngodon idellus (C. idellus) hepcidin (CiHep) and synthetic CiHep both showed the ability to increase the expression of hepcidin and ferritin in C. idellus kidney cells, especially the recombinant CiHep. In vivo, recombinant CiHep improved the survival rate of C. idellus challenged with F. columnare. In addition, the fish fed diet containing recombinant CiHep (group H-1) had a higher survival rate than other pretreatment groups. The study showed that recombinant CiHep regulated iron metabolism causing iron redistribution, decreasing serum iron levels and increasing iron accumulation in the hepatopancreas. Moreover, the expression of iron-related genes was upregulated in various degrees at a different time except for group H-1. Immune-related genes were also evaluated, showing higher expression in the groups pretreated with CiHep at an early stage of infection. Of note, a clear upregulation of more immune genes occurred in the groups pretreated with recombinant CiHep than that pretreated with synthetic CiHep in the late stage of infection. In conclusion, the recombinant CiHep has a protective effect on the host response to bacterial pathogens. We speculate that hepcidin protects C. idellus against F. columnare infection via regulating the iron distribution and immune gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Wei
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - V Sarath Babu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Yazhen Hu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, China
| | - Yulei Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, China
| | - Jun Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China; School of Biological Sciences, Lake Superior State University, Sault Ste. Marie, MI 49783, USA; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterfowl Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510225, China.
| | - Gailing Yuan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, China.
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24
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Velázquez J, Acosta J, Herrera N, Morales A, González O, Herrera F, Estrada MP, Carpio Y. Novel IFNγ homologue identified in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) links with immune response in gills under different stimuli. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 71:275-285. [PMID: 29017941 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) has important roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses. This cytokine plays a very important role in defining Th1 immune response in all vertebrates. In the present study, we identified and isolated for the first time the gene coding for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) IFNγ from spleen lymphocytes. The isolated tilapia IFNγ has between 24 and 62% of amino acid identity as compared to reported sequences for other teleost fishes. It has close phylogenetic relationships with IFNγ molecules belonging to the group of Perciforms and presents the typical structural characteristics of gamma interferon molecules. The tissue expression analysis showed that IFNγ is expressed constitutively in head kidney, skin, intestine, muscle and brain. Its expression was not detected in gills by conventional RT-PCR. However, under conditions of stimulation with Poly I:C and LPS, IFNγ expression was up-regulated in gills after 24 h post-stimulation. IFNγ expression was also induced in gills 24 h after Edwardsiella tarda infection suggesting its important role in immunity against intracellular bacteria. The recombinant protein produced in Escherichia coli induced Mx gene transcription in head kidney primary culture cells. These results are the first steps to characterize the role of tilapia IFNγ in the defense against pathogens in tilapia. Furthermore, the isolation of this molecule provides a new tool to characterize the cellular immune response to various stimuli in this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Velázquez
- Veterinary Immunology Project, Animal Biotechnology Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Jannel Acosta
- Veterinary Immunology Project, Animal Biotechnology Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Naylin Herrera
- Veterinary Immunology Project, Animal Biotechnology Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Antonio Morales
- Veterinary Immunology Project, Animal Biotechnology Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Osmany González
- Veterinary Immunology Project, Animal Biotechnology Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Fidel Herrera
- Veterinary Immunology Project, Animal Biotechnology Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Mario Pablo Estrada
- Veterinary Immunology Project, Animal Biotechnology Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba.
| | - Yamila Carpio
- Veterinary Immunology Project, Animal Biotechnology Division, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 6162, Havana 10600, Cuba.
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25
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Qiu X, Lv M, Jian X, Chen D, Zhou H, Zhang A, Wang X. In vitro characterization of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) IL-26 in regulating inflammatory factors. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 66:148-155. [PMID: 28495510 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 26 (IL-26) gene has been identified in human, amphibian and teleost but not in rodents. It is well accepted that IL-26 was a crucial member of IL-10 family which acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine in human. However, the role of IL-26 in regulating inflammation in lower vertebrates including teleost has not been defined yet. In the present study, grass carp IL-26 (gcIL-26) coding sequence was isolated and identified. Its chromosomal synteny was also analyzed, showing that gcIL-26 gene is flanked by IL-22 and IFN-γ genes with the same transcriptional orientation as seen in human, amphibian and zebrafish. Given that zebrafish and grass carp IL-26 shared relatively low amino acid identities with human IL-26, the functional roles of fish IL-26 are indispensable to be elucidated. Accordingly, recombinant gcIL-26 (rgcIL-26) was prepared by using Pichia pastoris expression system, and it was found to be partially glycosylated. Using grass carp head kidney leucocytes as cell model, rgcIL-26 displayed the bioactivity to stimulate the mRNA expression of some pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-8, IL-1β and IL-6, while inhibit mRNA expression of an anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10. Moreover, rgcIL-26 also up-regulated inos expression and NO production in grass carp monocytes/macrophages, strengthening its pro-inflammatory properties in fish. Those results collectively demonstrated the functional role of IL-26 in regulating inflammatory response in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyang Qiu
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyuan Lv
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Jian
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Chen
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Anying Zhang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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Burns JA, Zhang H, Hill E, Kim E, Kerney R. Transcriptome analysis illuminates the nature of the intracellular interaction in a vertebrate-algal symbiosis. eLife 2017; 6:e22054. [PMID: 28462779 PMCID: PMC5413350 DOI: 10.7554/elife.22054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, cells of the green alga Oophila amblystomatis enter cells of the salamander Ambystoma maculatum forming an endosymbiosis. Here, using de novo dual-RNA seq, we compared the host salamander cells that harbored intracellular algae to those without algae and the algae inside the animal cells to those in the egg capsule. This two-by-two-way analysis revealed that intracellular algae exhibit hallmarks of cellular stress and undergo a striking metabolic shift from oxidative metabolism to fermentation. Culturing experiments with the alga showed that host glutamine may be utilized by the algal endosymbiont as a primary nitrogen source. Transcriptional changes in salamander cells suggest an innate immune response to the alga, with potential attenuation of NF-κB, and metabolic alterations indicative of modulation of insulin sensitivity. In stark contrast to its algal endosymbiont, the salamander cells did not exhibit major stress responses, suggesting that the host cell experience is neutral or beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Burns
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, United States
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, United States
| | - Huanjia Zhang
- Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, United States
| | - Elizabeth Hill
- Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, United States
| | - Eunsoo Kim
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, United States
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, United States
| | - Ryan Kerney
- Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, United States
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Juang V, Lee HP, Lin AMY, Lo YL. Cationic PEGylated liposomes incorporating an antimicrobial peptide tilapia hepcidin 2-3: an adjuvant of epirubicin to overcome multidrug resistance in cervical cancer cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:6047-6064. [PMID: 27895479 PMCID: PMC5117904 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s117618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been recently evaluated as a new generation of adjuvants in cancer chemotherapy. In this study, we designed PEGylated liposomes encapsulating epirubicin as an antineoplastic agent and tilapia hepcidin 2–3, an AMP, as a multidrug resistance (MDR) transporter suppressor and an apoptosis/autophagy modulator in human cervical cancer HeLa cells. Cotreatment of HeLa cells with PEGylated liposomal formulation of epirubicin and hepcidin 2–3 significantly increased the cytotoxicity of epirubicin. The liposomal formulations of epirubicin and/or hepcidin 2–3 were found to noticeably escalate the intracellular H2O2 and O2− levels of cancer cells. Furthermore, these treatments considerably reduced the mRNA expressions of MDR protein 1, MDR-associated protein (MRP) 1, and MRP2. The addition of hepcidin 2–3 in liposomes was shown to markedly enhance the intracellular epirubicin uptake and mainly localized into the nucleus. Moreover, this formulation was also found to trigger apoptosis and autophagy in HeLa cells, as validated by significant increases in the expressions of cleaved poly ADP ribose polymerase, caspase-3, caspase-9, and light chain 3 (LC3)-II, as well as a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. The apoptosis induction was also confirmed by the rise in sub-G1 phase of cell cycle assay and apoptosis percentage of annexin V/propidium iodide assay. We found that liposomal epirubicin and hepcidin 2–3 augmented the accumulation of GFP-LC3 puncta as amplified by chloroquine, implying the involvement of autophagy. Interestingly, the partial inhibition of necroptosis and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition by this combination was also verified. Altogether, our results provide evidence that coincubation with PEGylated liposomes of hepcidin 2–3 and epirubicin caused programmed cell death in cervical cancer cells through modulation of multiple signaling pathways, including MDR transporters, apoptosis, autophagy, and/or necroptosis. Thus, this formulation may provide a new platform for the combined treatment of traditional chemotherapy and hepcidin 2–3 as a new adjuvant for effective MDR reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Juang
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University
| | - Hsin-Pin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan
| | - Anya Maan-Yuh Lin
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University; Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Li Lo
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University
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Identification of Novel Inflammatory Cytokines and Contribution of Keratinocyte-Derived Chemokine to Inflammation in Response to Vibrio vulnificus Infection in Mice. Inflammation 2016; 38:1864-73. [PMID: 25862020 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Currently, only tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin family cytokines have been found to be elicited in Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus)-infected animal models and humans. However, multiple other cytokines are also involved in the immune and inflammatory responses to foreign microorganism infection. Antibody array technology, unlike traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), is able to detect multiple cytokines at one time. Therefore, in this study, we examined the proinflammatory cytokine profile in the serum and liver homogenate samples of bacterial-infected mice using antibody array technology. We identified nine novel cytokines in response to V. vulnificus infection in mice. We found that keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) was the most elevated cytokine and demonstrated that KC played a very important role in the V. vulnificus infection-elicited inflammatory response in mice, as evidenced by the fact that the blocking of KC by anti-KC antibody reduced hepatic injury in vivo and that KC induced by V. vulnificus infection in AML-12 cells chemoattracted neutrophils. Our findings implicate that KC may serve as a novel diagnostic biomarker and a possible therapeutic target for V. vulnificus infection.
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Guardiola FA, Porcino C, Cerezuela R, Cuesta A, Faggio C, Esteban MA. Impact of date palm fruits extracts and probiotic enriched diet on antioxidant status, innate immune response and immune-related gene expression of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 52:298-308. [PMID: 27033470 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.03.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The application of additives in the diet as plants or extracts of plants as natural and innocuous compounds has potential in aquaculture as an alternative to antibiotics and immunoprophylactics. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the potential effects of dietary supplementation of date palm fruit extracts alone or in combination with Pdp11 probiotic on serum antioxidant status, on the humoral and cellular innate immune status, as well as, on the expression levels of some immune-related genes in head-kidney and gut of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) after 2 and 4 weeks of administration. This study showed for the first time in European sea bass an immunostimulation in several of the parameters evaluated in fish fed with date palm fruits extracts enriched diet or fed with this substance in combination with Pdp 11 probiotic, mainly after 4 weeks of treatment. In the same way, dietary supplementation of mixture diet has positive effects on the expression levels of immune-related genes, chiefly in head-kidney of Dicentrarchus labrax. Therefore, the combination of both could be considered of great interest as potential additives for farmed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Guardiola
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - C Porcino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagnod'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - R Cerezuela
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - A Cuesta
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - C Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagnod'Alcontres, 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - M A Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Gui L, Zhang P, Zhang Q, Zhang J. Two hepcidins from spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) possess antibacterial and antiviral functions in vitro. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 50:191-9. [PMID: 26845697 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepcidins are small cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides that play an important role in host immunity against pathogenic organisms. In this study, two hepcidins, SA-hepcidin1 and SA-hepcidin2, were cloned from spotted scat (Scatophagus argus), and the tissue distributions of SA-hepcidins were determined. In addition, mature SA-hepcidin peptides were synthesized to allow evaluation of their antimicrobial and antiviral functions in vitro. SA-hepcidin1 belongs to the HAMP1 class and is widely expressed in all tested tissues from spotted scat, whereas SA-hepcidin2 belongs to the HAMP2 class and present only in the liver. The synthetic SA-hepcidins had similar levels of antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria; however, the antibacterial activity of SA-hepcidin1 was stronger than that of SA-hepcidin2. The antiviral activities of the synthetic SA-hepcidins were assessed against Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus (SCRV) and largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides reovirus (MsReV) in epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) and grass carp fin (GCF) cells. SA-hepcidin2 had antiviral activity, but SA-hepcidin1 did not. The results of this study suggest that SA-hepcidins are important multifunctional proteins in the spotted scat immune system that are involved in resistance to various pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Gui
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qiya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Junbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Lakshmaiah Narayana J, Chen JY. Antimicrobial peptides: Possible anti-infective agents. Peptides 2015; 72:88-94. [PMID: 26048089 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic infections are major health threats. The Infectious Diseases Society of America has expressed concern on the decrease of pharmaceutical companies working on antibiotic research and development. However, small companies, along with academic research institutes, are stepping forward to develop novel therapeutic methods to overcome the present healthcare situation. Among the leading alternatives to current drugs are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are abundantly distributed in nature. AMPs exhibit broad-spectrum activity against a wide variety of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites, and even cancerous cells. They also show potential immunomodulatory properties, and are highly responsive to infectious agents and innate immuno-stimulatory molecules. In recent years, many AMPs have undergone or are undergoing clinical development, and a few are commercially available for topical and other applications. In this review, we outline selected anion and cationic AMPs which are at various stages of development, from preliminary analysis to clinical drug development. Moreover, we also consider current production methods and delivery tools for AMPs, which must be improved for the effective use of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayaram Lakshmaiah Narayana
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Cellular and Orgasmic Biology, Academia Sinica and National Sun-Yat Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Orgasmic Biology, Academia Sinica, Jiaushi, Ilan, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Yih Chen
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Orgasmic Biology, Academia Sinica, Jiaushi, Ilan, Taiwan.
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Katzenback BA. Antimicrobial Peptides as Mediators of Innate Immunity in Teleosts. BIOLOGY 2015; 4:607-39. [PMID: 26426065 PMCID: PMC4690011 DOI: 10.3390/biology4040607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been identified throughout the metazoa suggesting their evolutionarily conserved nature and their presence in teleosts is no exception. AMPs are short (18–46 amino acids), usually cationic, amphipathic peptides. While AMPs are diverse in amino acid sequence, with no two AMPs being identical, they collectively appear to have conserved functions in the innate immunity of animals towards the pathogens they encounter in their environment. Fish AMPs are upregulated in response to pathogens and appear to have direct broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity towards both human and fish pathogens. However, an emerging role for AMPs as immunomodulatory molecules has become apparent—the ability of AMPs to activate the innate immune system sheds light onto the multifaceted capacity of these small peptides to combat pathogens through direct and indirect means. Herein, this review focuses on the role of teleost AMPs as modulators of the innate immune system and their regulation in response to pathogens or other exogenous molecules. The capacity to regulate AMP expression by exogenous factors may prove useful in modulating AMP expression in fish to prevent disease, particularly in aquaculture settings where crowded conditions and environmental stress pre-dispose these fish to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Katzenback
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Casadei E, Bird S, Wadsworth S, González Vecino JL, Secombes CJ. The longevity of the antimicrobial response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed a peptidoglycan (PG) supplemented diet. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 44:316-320. [PMID: 25745865 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study builds upon previous work studying antimicrobial peptide (AMP) gene expression in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed a peptidoglycan (PG) enriched diet. The aims here were 1) to evaluate how long AMP expression is elevated in skin with continuous feeding of fish with the PG enriched diet for 21 or 28 days, and 2) to assess the impact of stopping PG feeding at day 14 when sampled at day 21 or 28. The rainbow trout were divided into 6 groups, with two fed a control commercial diet for the duration of the experiment and the other four given the same diet enriched with 10 mg PG/Kg for 14 days (PG 1-14) or continuously (PG continuous), the former reverting back to the commercial diet at day 14. No mortalities occurred during the study and there were no significant differences in growth among the fish in the different diet groups. The expression of six AMP genes was studied by real-time PCR in the skin, since these genes were shown to be induced in response to the PG enriched diets in a previous experiment. We show that continuous PG treatment for 21 or 28 days maintained high levels of AMP expression, although in general the levels decreased with time on the diets. Withdrawal of the PG diets at day 14 resulted in a fall in expression level especially apparent with omCATH-1, omCATH-2 and omLEAP-2a, but with omDB-3 and omDB-4 remaining at elevated levels (x10) in comparison to fish given a control diet. These results confirm that orally administered PG clearly enhances the trout innate immune system and could be used as a means to boost fish defences. Future studies should be conducted to verify the impact on survival after pathogen challenge in trout fed PG enriched diets under these regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Casadei
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | - Steve Bird
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK
| | | | | | - Christopher J Secombes
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK.
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Chi JR, Liao LS, Wang RG, Jhu CS, Wu JL, Hu SY. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of the hepcidin gene from the convict cichlid (Amatitlania nigrofasciata) and its expression pattern in response to lipopolysaccharide challenge. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2015; 41:449-461. [PMID: 25280727 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-014-9996-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The hepcidin gene is widely expressed in many fish species and functions as an antimicrobial peptide, suggesting that it plays an important role in the innate immune system of fish. In the present study, the Amatitlania nigrofasciata hepcidin gene (AN-hepc) was cloned from the liver and its expression during an immune response was characterized. The results of quantitative PCR and RT-PCR showed that the AN-hepc transcript was most abundant in the liver. The expression of AN-hepc mRNA was significantly increased in the liver, stomach, heart, intestine, gill and muscle but was not significantly altered in the spleen, kidney, brain or skin after lipopolysaccharide challenge. The synthetic AN-hepc peptide showed a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity in vitro toward gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In particular, this peptide demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity against the aquatic pathogens Vibrio alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae. The in vivo bacterial challenge results demonstrated that the synthetic AN-hepc peptide significantly improved the survival rate of S. agalactiae- and V. vulnificus-infected zebrafish. Taken together, these data indicate an important role for AN-hepc in the innate immunity of A. nigrofasciata and suggest its potential application in aquaculture for increasing resistance to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ruei Chi
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Wang YD, Huang SJ, Chou HN, Liao WL, Gong HY, Chen JY. Transcriptome analysis of the effect of Vibrio alginolyticus infection on the innate immunity-related complement pathway in Epinephelus coioides. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1102. [PMID: 25496447 PMCID: PMC4407539 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) with protogynous hermaphroditic features are one of the most economically important aquaculture species in Taiwan. However, larvae stage grouper are susceptible to infection by the bacterial pathogen Vibrio alginolyticus. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of the immune response to V. alginolyticus in Epinephelus coioides larvae, we used high-throughput deep sequencing technology to study the effect of infection on gene expression. Results A total of 114,851,002 reads were assembled, consisting of 9,687,355,560 nucleotides; these were further assembled into 209,082 contigs with a mean length of 372 bp. Gene ontology (GO) analysis of the transcriptome revealed 12 cellular component subcategories, 16 molecular function subcategories, and 42 biological process subcategories (P value <0.05). A total of 32664 Epinephelus coioides genes were mapped to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG); 1504 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were subsequently identified, in 12 categories (P value <0.05). Vibrio infection affected the expression of genes involved in complementation, coagulation cascades, pathogen (Staphylococcus aureus) infection, phagosome activity, antigen processing, and the antigen presentation pathway. Conclusion We conclude that the complement pathway of innate immunity and the hepicidin antimicrobial peptide may play important roles in the defense of Epinephelus coioides larvae against V. alginolyticus, and the immune response may activate at 4 h after bacterial infection. These results implicate the complement pathway signal pathway in immunity during V. alginolyticus infection at early developmental stages, enhancing our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the immune response to Vibrio infection in Epinephelus coioides. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-1102) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jyh-Yih Chen
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road, Sec, 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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Faikoh EN, Hong YH, Hu SY. Liposome-encapsulated cinnamaldehyde enhances zebrafish (Danio rerio) immunity and survival when challenged with Vibrio vulnificus and Streptococcus agalactiae. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 38:15-24. [PMID: 24632045 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cinnamaldehyde, which is extracted from cinnamon, is a natural compound with activity against bacteria and a modulatory immune function. However, the antibacterial activity and immunostimulation of cinnamaldehyde in fish has not been well investigated due to the compound's poor water solubility. Thus, liposome-encapsulated cinnamaldehyde (LEC) was used to evaluate the effects of cinnamaldehyde on in vitro antibacterial activity against aquatic pathogens and in vivo immunity and protection parameters against Vibrio vulnificus and Streptococcus agalactiae. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) as well as bactericidal agar plate assay results demonstrated the effective bacteriostatic and bactericidal potency of LEC against Aeromonas hydrophila, V. vulnificus, and S. agalactiae, as well as the antibiotic-resistant Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus. Bacteria challenge test results demonstrated that LEC significantly enhances the survival rate and inhibits bacterial growth in zebrafish infected with A. hydrophila, V. vulnificus, and S. agalactiae. A gene expression study using a real-time PCR showed that LEC immersion-treated zebrafish had increased endogenous interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-15, IL-21, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (INF)-γ expression in vivo. After the zebrafish were infected with V. vulnificus or S. agalactiae, the LEC immersion treatment suppressed the expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-15, NF-κb, and TNF-α and induced IL-10 and C3b expression. These findings demonstrate that cinnamaldehyde exhibits antimicrobial activity against aquatic pathogens, even antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains and immune-stimulating effects to protect the host's defenses against pathogen infection in bacteria-infected zebrafish. These results suggest that LEC could be used as an antimicrobial agent and immunostimulant to protect bacteria-infected fish in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elok Ning Faikoh
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan; Department of Water Resources Management, Marine and Fisheries Faculty, University of Brawijaya, Indonesia
| | - Yong-Han Hong
- Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Yang Hu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan.
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Masso-Silva JA, Diamond G. Antimicrobial peptides from fish. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2014; 7:265-310. [PMID: 24594555 PMCID: PMC3978493 DOI: 10.3390/ph7030265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are found widely distributed through Nature, and participate in the innate host defense of each species. Fish are a great source of these peptides, as they express all of the major classes of AMPs, including defensins, cathelicidins, hepcidins, histone-derived peptides, and a fish-specific class of the cecropin family, called piscidins. As with other species, the fish peptides exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, killing both fish and human pathogens. They are also immunomodulatory, and their genes are highly responsive to microbes and innate immuno-stimulatory molecules. Recent research has demonstrated that some of the unique properties of fish peptides, including their ability to act even in very high salt concentrations, make them good potential targets for development as therapeutic antimicrobials. Further, the stimulation of their gene expression by exogenous factors could be useful in preventing pathogenic microbes in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Masso-Silva
- Department of Pediatrics and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, USA.
| | - Gill Diamond
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Box 100424, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Lin YH, Peng KC, Pan CY, Wen ZH, Chen JY. Expression characterization and promoter activity analysis of the tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) myosin light chain 3 promoter in skeletal muscle of fish. Transgenic Res 2014; 23:125-34. [PMID: 24146265 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-013-9758-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) myosin light chain 3 (Mlc3) promoter region (~4.3 kb) was isolated and characterized. Sequence analysis of the clone revealed high similarity with a tilapia gene encoding the Mlc3 promoter region, exon 1, and intron 1. The clone contained several putative binding sequences for transcription factors, including MEF-2, MYOG, MyoD, PKNOX1, and AREB6. Deletion of a region of the tilapia Mlc3 promoter (801 to -3,881 bp) enhanced promoter activity, as determined by direct injection of a luciferase reporter construct into skeletal muscle of Archocentrus nigrofasciatus. These findings suggest that the region between -801 and -3,881 bp may contain negative regulatory elements. Stable germline transgenic strains of the ornamental fish species A. nigrofasciatus var. carrying the Taiwan coral red fluorescent protein (TcRFP) driven by the Mlc3 promoter were established. F1 adult transgenic A. nigrofasciatus var. exhibited brilliant pink fluorescence in skeletal muscles in the daylight. Therefore, our current study demonstrates the feasibility of using the tilapia Mlc3 promoter to drive fluorescence in new fish species, such as Perciformes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ho Lin
- Marine Biomedical Laboratory and Center for Translational Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 70 Lien-Hai Rd, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
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Broekman DC, Guðmundsson GH, Maier VH. Differential regulation of cathelicidin in salmon and cod. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:532-538. [PMID: 23727282 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an important component of innate immunity in vertebrates. The cathelicidin family of AMPs is well characterized in mammals and has also been reported in several fish species. In this study we investigated the regulation of cathelicidin expression in a gadoid and a salmonid cell-line in order to dissect the signalling pathways involved. For this, fish cells were treated with microbial lysates, purified microbial components and commercial signalling inhibitors and expression of cathelicidin was assessed with quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). We found that cathelicidin expression was induced in both cell lines in response to microbial stimuli, but the response patterns differed in these evolutionary distant fish species. Our data suggest that in salmonids, pattern recognition receptors such as TLR5 may be involved in the stimulation of cathelicidin expression and that the signalling cascade can include PI3-kinase and cellular trafficking compartments. A detailed knowledge of the regulating factors involved in AMP-related defence responses, including cathelicidin, could help in developing strategies to enhance the immune defence of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela C Broekman
- Institute of Biology, University of Iceland, Sturlagata 7, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
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40
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Patterson H, Saralahti A, Parikka M, Dramsi S, Trieu-Cuot P, Poyart C, Rounioja S, Rämet M. Adult zebrafish model of bacterial meningitis in Streptococcus agalactiae infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 38:447-455. [PMID: 22867759 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is the major cause of severe bacterial disease and meningitis in newborns. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has recently emerged as a valuable and powerful vertebrate model for the study of human streptococcal infections. In the present study we demonstrate that adult zebrafish are susceptible to GBS infection through the intraperitoneal and intramuscular routes of infection. Following intraperitoneal challenge with GBS, zebrafish developed a fulminant infection 24-48 h post-injection, with signs of pathogenesis including severe inflammation at the injection site and meningoencephalitis. Quantification of blood and brain bacterial load confirmed that GBS is capable of replicating in the zebrafish bloodstream and penetrating the blood-brain barrier, resulting in the induction of host inflammatory immune responses in the brain. Additionally, we show that GBS mutants previously described as avirulent in the mice model, have an impaired ability to cause meningitis in this new in vivo model. Taken together, our data demonstrates that adult zebrafish may be used as a bacterial meningitis model as a means for deciphering the pathogenesis and development of invasive GBS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Patterson
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, BioMediTech, University of Tampere, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
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41
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Wu TH, Pan CY, Lin MC, Hsieh JC, Hui CF, Chen JY. In vivo screening of zebrafish microRNA responses to bacterial infection and their possible roles in regulating immune response genes after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2012; 38:1299-1310. [PMID: 22419229 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-012-9617-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Micro (mi)RNAs are abundant small noncoding RNAs found in plants and animals, the regulatory functions of which are not fully understood in fish. To identify potential miRNAs, we screened an miRNA microarray with total RNA from zebrafish infected with Vibrio harveyi and another from uninfected zebrafish. Six miRNAs were obtained from the microarray screening. We studied miRNA expression patterns of 2 miRNAs (miR-122 and miR-194) after bacterial infection of transgenic zebrafish (containing tilapia hepcidin (TH)2-3) and non-transgenic zebrafish from which the 2 miRNAs were obtained from the microarray experiment. The results indicated that miR-122 and miR-194 were higher in PBS-injected zebrafish compared with TH2-3 zebrafish or wild-type (WT) zebrafish after V. harveyi infection. Overexpression of miRNAs (miR-122, miR-192, and miR-194a) was seen in zebrafish liver (ZFL) cells after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment and in untreated fish. Our results showed that after 24 h of doxycycline treatment without LPS stimulation, interleukin (IL)-22, lysozyme, toll-like receptor (TLR)1, TLR3, TLR4a, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α gene expressions were, respectively, upregulated by ~14-, 22-, 2.2-, 13-, 200-, and 38-fold in miR-122-transfected compared with non-transfected (WT) ZFL cells. In cells transfected with miR-192 and treated with LPS after 8-12 h, IL-22, lysozyme, TLR1, TLR3, TLR4a, and TNF-α expressions significantly differed between WT and miR-192-overexpressing ZFL cells. However, we observed significantly higher IL-22 expression levels after 12 h of LPS treatment in miR-192-transfected ZFL cells compared with non-transfected cells. In contrast, IL-22, lysozyme, and TNF-α were markedly upregulated (>100-fold) after miR-194a transfection and overexpression in ZFL cells and treatment with LPS. Our cloning and expression analyses indicated that miR-122, miR-192, and miR-194a play important roles in zebrafish immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Han Wu
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 23-10 Dahuen Road, Jiaushi, Ilan, 262, Taiwan
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Zhang M, Wu H, Li X, Yang M, Chen T, Wang Q, Liu Q, Zhang Y. Edwardsiella tarda flagellar protein FlgD: a protective immunogen against edwardsiellosis. Vaccine 2012; 30:3849-56. [PMID: 22521284 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative bacterium and a causative agent of edwardsiellosis, resulting to severe loss of the aquaculture industry. In this study, based on the reverse vaccinology, sixteen flagellar proteins were selected from highly pathogenic E. tarda EIB202 genome information and in silico analyzed as potential vaccine candidates. Among them, ten recombinant proteins were highly expressed in Escherichia coli and successfully purified. The immunoprotective potentials of these purified recombinant proteins were evaluated in zebrafish model. And recombinant FlgD and FliD were found to lead to a high relative percent survival (RPS, about 70%) against E. tarda EIB202. Furthermore, FlgD required in flagellum hook assembly brought about the similar immune protection in turbot. The immune responses of zebrafish and turbot to recombinant FlgD were also investigated, and the results indicated that its high protection was mainly involved in cellular mediated immune response, corresponding to the intracellular pathogenicity of E. tarda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
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43
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Novoa B, Figueras A. Zebrafish: model for the study of inflammation and the innate immune response to infectious diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 946:253-75. [PMID: 21948373 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0106-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been extensively used in biomedical research as a model to study vertebrate development and hematopoiesis and recently, it has been adopted into varied fields including immunology. After fertilization, larvae survive with only the innate immune responses because adaptive immune system is morphologically and functionally mature only after 4-6 weeks postfertilization. This temporal separation provides a suitable system to study the vertebrate innate immune response in vivo, independently from the adaptive immune response. The transparency of early life stages allows a useful real-time visualization. Adult zebrafish which have complete (innate and adaptative) immune systems offer also advantages over other vertebrate infection models: small size, relatively rapid life cycle, ease of breeding, and a growing list of molecular tools for the study of infectious diseases. In this review, we have tried to give some examples of the potential of zebrafish as a valuable model in innate immunity and inflammation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Novoa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain.
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Pan CY, Lee SC, Rajanbabu V, Lin CH, Chen JY. Insights into the antibacterial and immunomodulatory functions of tilapia hepcidin (TH)2-3 against Vibrio vulnificus infection in mice. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 36:166-173. [PMID: 21756935 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 06/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions of the antimicrobial peptide, tilapia hepcidin (TH)2-3, against a bacterial endotoxin under in vitro conditions was previously reported. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial and immunomodulatory functions of TH2-3 in mice infected with the pathogen, Vibrio vulnificus. A TH2-3 injection in V. vulnificus-infected mice produced an increased survival rate compared to mice injected with V. vulnificus only. In addition, a TH2-3 injection increased the bacteriostatic property against V. vulnificus in mice. Gene expressions examined using a microarray demonstrated that TH2-3 modulated several V. vulnificus-responsive genes in the host. A neutralizing antibody assay of mice serum against inactivated V. vulnificus antigen-coated plates demonstrated the induction of an immune response by TH2-3 against the pathogen. Taken together, TH2-3 enhanced the survival rate of mice against the bacterial pathogen V. vulnificus through both antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions. These properties make the TH2-3 peptide a good candidate for development as a new antimicrobial drug and suggest that TH2-3 can underpin the design of adjuvants for further development of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Yu Pan
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
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45
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Meijer AH, Spaink HP. Host-pathogen interactions made transparent with the zebrafish model. Curr Drug Targets 2011; 12:1000-17. [PMID: 21366518 PMCID: PMC3319919 DOI: 10.2174/138945011795677809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish holds much promise as a high-throughput drug screening model for immune-related diseases, including inflammatory and infectious diseases and cancer. This is due to the excellent possibilities for in vivo imaging in combination with advanced tools for genomic and large scale mutant analysis. The context of the embryo’s developing immune system makes it possible to study the contribution of different immune cell types to disease progression. Furthermore, due to the temporal separation of innate immunity from adaptive responses, zebrafish embryos and larvae are particularly useful for dissecting the innate host factors involved in pathology. Recent studies have underscored the remarkable similarity of the zebrafish and human immune systems, which is important for biomedical applications. This review is focused on the use of zebrafish as a model for infectious diseases, with emphasis on bacterial pathogens. Following a brief overview of the zebrafish immune system and the tools and methods used to study host-pathogen interactions in zebrafish, we discuss the current knowledge on receptors and downstream signaling components that are involved in the zebrafish embryo’s innate immune response. We summarize recent insights gained from the use of bacterial infection models, particularly the Mycobacterium marinum model, that illustrate the potential of the zebrafish model for high-throughput antimicrobial drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie H Meijer
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Pan CY, Peng KC, Lin CH, Chen JY. Transgenic expression of tilapia hepcidin 1-5 and shrimp chelonianin in zebrafish and their resistance to bacterial pathogens. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 31:275-285. [PMID: 21642002 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2010] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Recently, tilapia hepcidin (TH)1-5 was characterized, and its antimicrobial functions against several pathogens were reported. The antimicrobial functions of another shrimp antimicrobial peptide (AMP), chelonianin, were also characterized using a recombinant chelonianin protein (rcf) that was expressed by a stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line against pathogen infections in fish. The function of the overexpression of both AMPs in zebrafish muscles was not examined in previous studies. Herein, we investigated the antimicrobial functions of TH1-5 and chelonianin against Vibrio vulnificus (204) and Streptococcus agalactiae (SA48) in transgenic TH1-5 zebrafish and transgenic chelonianin zebrafish. The presence of TH1-5 and chelonianin enhanced the inhibitory ability in transgenic AMP zebrafish against the two different bacterial infections. The bacterial number of either V. vulnificus (204) or S. agalactiae (SA48) had decreased at 96 h after injection into transgenic AMP zebrafish muscle compared to non-transgenic zebrafish muscle. Additionally, immune-related gene expressions analyzed by real-time PCR studies showed the modulation of several genes including interleukin (IL)-10, IL-22, IL-26, MyD88, Toll-like receptor (TLR)-1, TLR-3, TLR-4, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and lysozyme, and significant differences were found between transgenic AMP zebrafish and wild-type zebrafish injected with PBS at 1-24 h. These results suggest that several immune-related gene expressions were induced in transgenic TH1-5 and chelonianin zebrafish which effectively inhibited bacterial growth. The survival rate dropped to 86.6% in transgenic chelonianin zebrafish after 28 days of infection compared of the 50% survival rate in transgenic TH1-5 zebrafish after 28 days of infection. Overall, these results indicate that TH1-5 and chelonianin possess the potential to be novel candidate genes for aquaculture applications to treat fish diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Yu Pan
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
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Barnes AC, Trewin B, Snape N, Kvennefors ECE, Baiano JCF. Two hepcidin-like antimicrobial peptides in Barramundi Lates calcarifer exhibit differing tissue tropism and are induced in response to lipopolysaccharide. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 31:350-357. [PMID: 21664976 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Genes encoding two hepcidin-like antimicrobial peptides were discovered in Barramundi, Lates calcarifer (barramundi, Giant sea perch). Analysis of the coding regions indicated that genes for each hepcidin comprised 3 exons and 2 introns. The deduced amino acid sequences for each molecule resulted in a protein comprising a signal sequence of 24 aa in each case, coupled to a prepropeptide of 75 aa for hepcidin 1 and 78 aa for hepcidin 2. A cleavage site was identified in each prepropetide at amino acid 64 with the cleavage motif--QKR/QS--resulting in mature peptides of 25 and 28 amino acids respectively. Each mature peptide contained 8 conserved cysteine residues and 3 dimensional modeling predicted a β-hairpin and β-sheet structure characteristic of human Liver Expressed Antimicrobial Peptide (LEAP). Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences by BLAST with phylogenetic supported indicated that hepcidin 1 was a HAMP1-type peptide closely related to hepcidins identified in other Perciformes (Micropterus and Pseudosciaena), whilst hepcidin 2 was a HAMP2-type peptide most similar to a hepcidin previously identified in black rock fish (Sebastes schlegeli). Both hepcidin genes were inducible in barramundi following intraperitoneal injection with lipopolysaccharide, with elevated expression detected in liver and head kidney 3 h post IP injection for hepcidin 1 and in liver only for hepcidin 2. The elevated expression was transient with return to normal levels within 24-48 h. No significant expression of either peptide was detected in spleen, skin or gill following IP injection with LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Barnes
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Marine Science, School of Biological Sciences, Brisbane QLD4072, Australia.
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48
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Huang HN, Rajanbabu V, Pan CY, Chan YL, Hui CF, Chen JY, Wu CJ. Modulation of the immune-related gene responses to protect mice against Japanese encephalitis virus using the antimicrobial peptide, tilapia hepcidin 1-5. Biomaterials 2011; 32:6804-14. [PMID: 21726898 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a neurotropic flavivirus, is one of the major causes of acute encephalitis in humans. After infection, it is commonly associated with inflammatory reactions and neurological disease. There is still no effective antiviral drug available against Japanese encephalitis virus infection. Recently, a number of investigators found that antimicrobial peptide (AMPs) present a broad range of biological activities including antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. In this study, we found that an AMP, tilapia hepcidin (TH)1-5, caused no harm to either cells or test animals during the test course and could control JEV viral infection in BHK-21 cells. Mice co-injected with TH1-5/JEV and subsequently subjected to JEV re-challenge survived and behaved normally. The neuroprotective effects were associated with marked decreases in: (i) the viral load and viral replication within the brain, (ii) neuronal death, and (iii) secondary inflammation resulting from microglial activation. TH1-5 was also determined to enhance adaptive immunity by elevating levels of anti-JEV-neutralizing antibodies in the serum. The microarray data also showed that TH1-5 modulated Socs-6, interleukin (IL)-6, Toll-like receptor (TLR)-1, TLR-7, caspase-4, interferon (IFN)-β1, ATF-3, and several immune-responsive genes to protect mice against JEV infection. In addition, TH1-5 was confirmed to modulate the expressions of several proinflammatory and immune-responsive genes, such as IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IFN-γ and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 at both the transcriptional and translational levels in JEV-infected mice. In conclusion, our findings provide mechanistic insights into the actions of TH1-5 against JEV. Results from our in vivo and in vitro experiments clearly indicate that TH1-5 has antiviral, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory activities. Furthermore, TH1-5 successfully reduced the severity of disease induced by JEV. Our results point out that TH1-5 is a promising candidate for further development as an antiviral agent against JEV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Ning Huang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
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49
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Rajanbabu V, Chen JY. Applications of antimicrobial peptides from fish and perspectives for the future. Peptides 2011; 32:415-20. [PMID: 21093512 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Revised: 11/07/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fish are a major component of the aquatic fauna. Like other organisms, fish secrete different kinds of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are positively charged short amino-acid-chain molecules involved in host defense mechanisms. Environmental hazards and the greenhouse effect have led to increased evolution of drug- and vaccine-resistant pathogenic strains, and it is necessary to find new drugs with structural uniqueness to fight them. Aquatic sources contain thousands of fish species, and each secretes AMPs with structural differences which can be used by the pharmaceutical industry in its search for novel drugs to treat drug-resistant pathogens. Not only limited to antimicrobial functions, AMPs possess other desirable characteristics which may be exploited in the near future. In this review, we list fish AMPs available from published reports, and discuss application-oriented functions of these AMPs. Notably, the possibilities of using fish AMPs as antimicrobial agents, vaccine adjuvants, inactivated vaccines, and antitumor agents are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal Rajanbabu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Jiaushi, Ilan 262, Taiwan
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Dybvig T, Facci M, Gerdts V, Wilson HL. Biological roles of host defense peptides: lessons from transgenic animals and bioengineered tissues. Cell Tissue Res 2010; 343:213-25. [PMID: 21088855 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-010-1075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDPs) have long been recognized as microbicidal agents, but their roles as modulators of innate and adaptive immunity have only more recently been appreciated. The study of transgenic animal and tissue models has provided platforms to improve our understanding of the immune modulatory functions of HDPs. Here, the characterization of transgenic animals or tissue models that over-express and/or are deficient for specific HDPs is reviewed. We also attempt to reconcile this data with evidence from human studies monitoring HDP expression at constitutive levels and/or in conjunction with inflammation, infection models, or disease states. We have excluded activities ascribed to HDPs derived exclusively from in vitro experiments. An appreciation of the way that HDPs promote innate immunity or influence the adaptive immune response is necessary in order to exploit their therapeutic or adjuvant potential and to open new perspectives in understanding the basis of immunity. The potential applications for HDPs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tova Dybvig
- Vaccine & Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E3, Canada
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