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Wang R, Chen X, Zha D. Long-pulsed ultrasound-mediated microbubble thrombolysis in a rat model of microvascular obstruction. Open Med (Wars) 2024; 19:20240935. [PMID: 38584836 PMCID: PMC10997007 DOI: 10.1515/med-2024-0935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
In up to 30% patients who experience acute myocardial infarction, successful recanalization of the epicardial coronary artery cannot provide adequate microvascular reperfusion. In this study, we sought to determine whether long-pulsed ultrasound (US)-mediated microbubble (MB) cavitation was useful for the treatment of microvascular obstruction, and the therapeutic effects were compared within different long-pulse-length and short-pulsed US. Microvascular obstruction model was established by injecting micro-thrombi into common iliac artery of a rat's hind limb. About 1 MHz US with different long pulse lengths (ranging from 100 to 50,000 cycles) was delivered, compared to short pulse (5 cycles). The control group was given MB only without therapeutic US. Contrast perfusion images were performed at baseline, emboli, and 1, 5, 10 min post-embolization, and peak plateau video intensity (A) was obtained to evaluate the therapeutic effects. Long-tone-burst US showed better thrombolytic effects than short-pulsed US (1,000, 5,000 cycles >500 cycles, >5 cycles, and control) (P < 0.01). 1,000 cycles group showed the optimal thrombolytic effect, but microvascular hemorrhage was observed in 50,000 cycles group. In conclusion, long-tone-burst US-enhanced MB therapy mediated successful thrombolysis and may offer a powerful approach for the treatment for microvascular obstruction within a certain pulse length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Ultrasound, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianghui Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613 Huangpu West Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Daogang Zha
- Department of General Practice, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Tejedor S, Dolz‐Pérez I, Decker CG, Hernándiz A, Diez JL, Álvarez R, Castellano D, García NA, Ontoria‐Oviedo I, Nebot VJ, González‐King H, Igual B, Sepúlveda P, Vicent MJ. Polymer Conjugation of Docosahexaenoic Acid Potentiates Cardioprotective Therapy in Preclinical Models of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002121. [PMID: 33720548 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
While coronary angioplasty represents an effective treatment option following acute myocardial infarction, the reperfusion of the occluded coronary artery can prompt ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury that significantly impacts patient outcomes. As ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have proven, yet limited cardioprotective abilities, an optimized polymer-conjugation approach is reported that improves PUFAs bioavailability to enhance cardioprotection and recovery in animal models of I/R-induced injury. Poly-l-glutamic acid (PGA) conjugation improves the solubility and stability of di-docosahexaenoic acid (diDHA) under physiological conditions and protects rat neonatal ventricular myocytes from I/R injury by reducing apoptosis, attenuating autophagy, inhibiting reactive oxygen species generation, and restoring mitochondrial membrane potential. Enhanced protective abilities are associated with optimized diDHA loading and evidence is provided for the inherent cardioprotective potential of PGA itself. Pretreatment with PGA-diDHA before reperfusion in a small animal I/R model provides for cardioprotection and limits area at risk (AAR). Furthermore, the preliminary findings suggest that PGA-diDHA administration in a swine I/R model may provide cardioprotection, limit edema and decrease AAR. Overall, the evaluation of PGA-diDHA in relevant preclinical models provides evidence for the potential of polymer-conjugated PUFAs in the mitigation of I/R injury associated with coronary angioplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Tejedor
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Irene Dolz‐Pérez
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia E‐46012 Spain
| | - Caitlin G. Decker
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia E‐46012 Spain
| | - Amparo Hernándiz
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Jose L. Diez
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Raquel Álvarez
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Delia Castellano
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Nahuel A. García
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Imelda Ontoria‐Oviedo
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Vicent J. Nebot
- Polypeptide Therapeutic Solutions S.L. Av. Benjamin Franklin 19, Paterna Valencia 46980 Spain
| | - Hernán González‐King
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Begoña Igual
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - Pilar Sepúlveda
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106 Valencia 46026 Spain
| | - María J. Vicent
- Polymer Therapeutics Laboratory Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe Av. Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3 Valencia E‐46012 Spain
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Drag reducing polymers decrease hepatic injury and metastases after liver ischemia-reperfusion. Oncotarget 2017; 8:59854-59866. [PMID: 28938688 PMCID: PMC5601784 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Surgery, a crucial therapeutic modality in the treatment of solid tumors, can induce sterile inflammatory processes which can result in metastatic progression. Liver ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury, an inevitable consequence of hepatic resection of metastases, has been shown to foster hepatic capture of circulating cancer cells and accelerate metastatic growth. Efforts to reduce these negative consequences have not been thoroughly investigated. Drag reducing polymers (DRPs) are blood-soluble macromolecules that can, in nanomolar concentrations, increase tissue perfusion, decrease vascular resistance and decrease near-wall microvascular concentration of neutrophils and platelets thereby possibly reducing the inflammatory microenvironment. We hypothesize that DRP can potentially be used to ameliorate metastatic capture of tumor cells and tumor growth within the I/R liver. Methods Experiments were performed utilizing a segmental ischemia model of mice livers. Five days prior or immediately prior to ischemia, murine colon adenocarcinoma cells (MC38) were injected into the spleen. DRP (polyethylene oxide) or a control of low-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol without drag reducing properties were administered intraperitoneally at the onset of reperfusion. Results After three weeks from I/R, we observed that liver I/R resulted in an increased ability to capture and foster growth of circulating tumor cells; in addition, the growth of pre-existing micrometastases was accelerated three weeks later. These effects were significantly curtailed when mice were treated with DRPs at the time of I/R. Mechanistic investigations in vivo indicated that DRPs protected the livers from I/R injury as evidenced by significant decreases in hepatocellular damage, neutrophil recruitment into the liver, formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, deposition of platelets, formation of microthrombi within the liver sinusoids and release of inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions DRPs significantly attenuated metastatic tumor development and growth. DRPs warrant further investigation as a potential treatment for liver I/R injury in the clinical setting to improve cancer-specific outcomes.
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郑 德, 周 滔, 查 道. [Effects of polyethylene oxide on blood perfusion in the hind limbs of rats with chronic hindlimb ischemia]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2017; 37:113-118. [PMID: 28109110 PMCID: PMC6765758 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.01.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of polyethylene oxide (PEO) on blood perfusion in hind limb skeletal muscles in a rat model of chronic hind limb ischemia. METHDOS Twelve rat models of chronic hind limb ischemia established by unilateral femoral artery ligation were randomized into PEO and control groups (n=6) and treated with intravenous infusion of PEO and saline through the internal jugular vein every other day for 2 weeks. Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography was performed after the treatments to evaluate the blood flow in the skeletal muscles at different time points and blood flow reserve in the ischemic hind limbs on day 28. RESULTS Starting from 7 days after femoral artery ligation, blood flow in the ischemic hind limb skeletal muscles was significantly higher in PEO group than in the control group (P<0.05). On day 28, blood flow reserve in the ischemic hind limb was significantly higher (P=0.012), and blood volume was significantly increased in PEO group as compared that in the control group (P=0.024). CONCLUSIONS PEO can increase blood flow, blood flow reserve and vascular volume in the hind limb skeletal muscles in rats with chronic hind limb ischemia, suggesting that PEO can promote angiogenesis and arterial formation by increasing blood flow shear stress to improve blood supply of ischemic hind limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- 德仲 郑
- 南方医科大学第三附属医院,广东 广州 510630Department of Cardiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - 滔 周
- 南方医科大学第三附属医院,广东 广州 510630Department of Cardiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - 道刚 查
- 南方医科大学南方医院,广东 广州 510515Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Zhang X, Wang X, Hu F, Zhou B, Chen HB, Zha D, Liu Y, Guo Y, Zheng L, Xiu J. A novel hydrodynamic approach of drag-reducing polymers to improve left ventricular hypertrophy and aortic remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:6743-6751. [PMID: 28008249 PMCID: PMC5167458 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s119607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Drag-reducing polymers (DRPs), when added in minute concentrations, have been shown to decrease peripheral vascular resistance. In this study, the effect of DRPs on the hypertension-induced left ventricular hypertrophy and aortic remodeling was evaluated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Male SHR and age-matched Wistar rats were divided into four groups and received intravenous injection of normal saline (NS) or DRPs. Body weight (BW), heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were measured. Echocardiography was used to evaluate the changes in left ventricle (LV) function and global wall motion. The LV and aorta were stained by hematoxylin and eosin. Cell size of cardiomyocytes and aortic medial thickness were evaluated for each section. The expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) of LV and aorta was examined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. There was no significant difference in the increase of SBP among SHR + NS, SHR + 10DRP and SHR + 20DRP groups. SHR + NS group had markedly smaller left ventricular end-systolic diameter and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter but bigger anterior and posterior systolic wall thicknesses, while there was no significant difference in fractional shortening and ejection fraction. The cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of cardiomyocytes and the medial thickness of the aorta in SHR + 10 (ppm) DRP and SHR + 20 (ppm) DRP groups were significantly reduced compared with SHR + NS group. The expression of ET-1 in SHR + 10DRP and SHR + 20DRP groups was significantly attenuated. These results suggest that chronic treatment with DRPs can protect against left ventricular hypertrophy and aortic remodeling. DRPs may offer a new approach to the treatment of left ventricular hypertrophy and aortic remodeling caused by hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou
| | - Xu Wang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou
| | - Boda Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides of Ministry of Health, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing
| | - Hai-Bin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou
| | - Daogang Zha
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou
| | - Yili Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou
| | - Yansong Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lemin Zheng
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Institute of Systems Biomedicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center
| | - Jiancheng Xiu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou
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Hu F, Wang Y, Gong K, Ge G, Cao M, Zhao P, Sun X, Zhang Z. Protective effects of drag-reducing polymers on ischemic reperfusion injury of isolated rat heart. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2016; 62:1-11. [PMID: 25633566 DOI: 10.3233/ch-151925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Drag-reducing polymers (DRPs) are blood-soluble macromolecules that can increase blood flow and reduce vascular resistance. The purpose of the present study was to observe the effect of DRPs on ischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury of isolated rat hearts. Experiments were performed on isolated rat hearts subjected to 30 min of ischemia followed by 90 min of reperfusion in Langendorff preparations. Adult Wistar rats were divided into the following five groups: control group, I/R group, group III (I/R and 2×10(-7) g/ml PEO reperfusion), group IV (I/R and 1×10(-6) g/ml PEO reperfusion), and group V (I/R and 5×10(-6) g/ml PEO reperfusion). Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), maximum rate of ventricular pressure increase and decrease ( ± dp/dtmax), heart rate (HR) and coronary flow were measured. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activity and coronary flow, myocardial infarction size and cardiomyocytes apoptosis were also assayed. Our results showed that PEO decreased LVEDP and increased LVSP, ± dP/dtmax in group IV and group V compared with the I/R group (all P < 0.05). The coronary flow significantly increased and the activities of LDH and CK in the coronary flow significantly decreased in group IV and group V compared with those in the I/R group (all P < 0.05). Cell apoptosis and myocardial infarction size were reduced in group IV and group V compared with the I/R group (all P < 0.05). Collectively, these results suggested that DRPs had a protective effect on cardiac I/R injury of isolated rat hearts and it may offer a new potential approach for the treatment of acute ischemic heart diseases.
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Wang Y, Hu F, Mu X, Wu F, Yang D, Zheng G, Sun X, Gong K, Zhang Z. Protective effects of drag-reducing polymers in a rat model of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. Biorheology 2016; 53:13-22. [PMID: 26889655 DOI: 10.3233/bir-15062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Drag-reducing polymers (DRPs) are blood-soluble macromolecules which may increase blood flow and reduce vascular resistance. The purpose of the present study was to observe the effect of DRPs on monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) in the rat model. METHODS A total of 64 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: Group I (pulmonary hypertension model + DRP treatment); Group II (pulmonary hypertension model + saline treatment); Group III (control + DRP treatment); Group IV (control + saline treatment). After five weeks, comparisons were made of the following indices: survival rate, body weight, blood pressure, right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, wall thickness of pulmonary arteries, the internal diameter of small pulmonary arteries, plasma IL-1β and IL-6. RESULTS The survival rate after 5 weeks varied significantly across all groups (P=0.013), but the survival rates of Groups I and II were not statistically significantly different. Administration of DRP (intravenous injection twice weekly) attenuated the PH-induced increase in right ventricular systolic pressure and suppressed the increases in right ventricular (RV) weight and the ratio of right ventricular weight to left ventricle plus septum weight (RV/LV + S). DRP treatment also significantly decreased the wall thickness of pulmonary arteries, augmented the internal diameter of small pulmonary arteries, and suppressed increases in the plasma levels of IL-1β and IL-6. CONCLUSIONS DRP treatment with intravenous injection effectively inhibited the development of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in the rat model. DRPs may have potential application for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Wang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Mu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dechun Yang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guixiang Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoning Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kaizheng Gong
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhengang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Second Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Zeng Z, Zhang Q, Gao Y, Li T, Dai X, Huang Q, Chen Z. Drag-reducing polyethylene oxide improves microcirculation after hemorrhagic shock. J Surg Res 2016; 202:118-25. [PMID: 27083957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2015.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite resuscitation after trauma, microcirculatory abnormalities are known to persist in post-shock multiorgan dysfunction. The high-molecular weight polymer polyethylene oxide (PEO) (>10(6) Da), a classic drag-reducing polymer, can improve hemorrhagic shock (HS)-induced hemodynamic abnormalities in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the effects of PEO on microcirculation and on changes in multiple organs after shock. After the spinotrapezius muscle was prepared, HS was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats. Drug administration (normal saline or PEO) was performed 2 h after shock followed by infusion of shed blood. RESULTS The velocity, blood flow, and functional capillary density in the shock + PEO group were significantly higher than those in the shock + normal saline group. Moreover, the kidney, liver, and lung function was improved, resulting in prolonged survival time. Our findings indicate that intravenous infusion of PEO can ameliorate shock-associated organ dysfunction and prolong survival time in severe HS, which may be a result of increased arteriolar blood velocity, blood flow, and functional capillary density. CONCLUSIONS PEO could have potential clinical application in the treatment of shock-induced multiorgan dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Youguang Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, P. R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Institute of Translational Medicine, Chenzhou, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Xingui Dai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Institute of Translational Medicine, Chenzhou, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Qiaobing Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhongqing Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
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Li Q, Huang T, Dong Z. Protective effects of polyethylene oxide on the vascular and organ function of rats with severe hemorrhagic shock. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:597-602. [PMID: 26047259 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of polyethylene oxide (PEO) on the survival rate, hemodynamics, blood gas indexes, lactic acid levels, microcirculation, and inflammatory cytokine levels in rats subjected to severe hemorrhagic shock. The shocked rats were resuscitated with either Ringer's lactate solution or 20 ppm of PEO in Ringer's lactate solution for 1 h. It was found that infusion of PEO effectively improved the survival, metabolic acidosis, oxygen delivery, hyperlactacidemia, tissue perfusion, and inflammatory responses of rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock. In addition, we found, for the first time, that PEO showed protective effects on hepatic and renal injury, as evidenced by the significant decreases in the elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine caused by shock induction after infusion of PEO (p < 0.05, 60 min post-resuscitation by comparison with pre-resuscitation). All of these findings indicate that PEO exhibits strong therapeutic effects under conditions of severe hemorrhagic shock,which also provides theoretical and experimental bases for the clinical use of PEO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 1677 Wutaishan Road, Qingdao 266000, China.,Department of Kidney Transplantation, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 1677 Wutaishan Road, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 1677 Wutaishan Road, Qingdao 266000, China.,Department of Kidney Transplantation, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 1677 Wutaishan Road, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Zhen Dong
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 1677 Wutaishan Road, Qingdao 266000, China.,Department of Kidney Transplantation, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 1677 Wutaishan Road, Qingdao 266000, China
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New insights into the microvascular mechanisms of drag reducing polymers: effect on the cell-free layer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77252. [PMID: 24124610 PMCID: PMC3790673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drag-reducing polymers (DRPs) significantly increase blood flow, tissue perfusion, and tissue oxygenation in various animal models. In rectangular channel microfluidic systems, DRPs were found to significantly reduce the near-wall cell-free layer (CFL) as well as modify traffic of red blood cells (RBC) into microchannel branches. In the current study we further investigated the mechanism by which DRP enhances microvascular perfusion. We studied the effect of various concentrations of DRP on RBC distribution in more relevant round microchannels and the effect of DRP on CFL in the rat cremaster muscle in vivo. In round microchannels hematocrit was measured in parent and daughter branch at baseline and after addition of DRP. At DRP concentrations of 5 and 10 ppm, the plasma skimming effect in the daughter branch was eliminated, as parent and daughter branch hematocrit were equivalent, compared to a significantly lowered hematocrit in the daughter branch without DRPs. In anesthetized rats (N=11) CFL was measured in the cremaster muscle tissue in arterioles with a diameter of 32.6 ± 1.7 µm. In the control group (saline, N=6) there was a significant increase in CFL in time compared to corresponding baseline. Addition of DRP at 1 ppm (N=5) reduced CFL significantly compared to corresponding baseline and the control group. After DRP administration the CFL reduced to about 85% of baseline at 5, 15, 25 and 35 minutes after DRP infusion was complete. These in vivo and in vitro findings demonstrate that DRPs induce a reduction in CFL width and plasma skimming in the microvasculature. This may lead to an increase of RBC flux into the capillary bed, and thus explain previous observations of a DRP mediated enhancement of capillary perfusion.
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