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Lee SH, Bonifacio F, Prudente AS, Choi YI, Roh J, Adjafre BL, Park CK, Jung SJ, Cunha TM, Berta T. STING recognition of viral dsDNA by nociceptors mediates pain in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 121:29-42. [PMID: 39025416 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Pain is often one of the initial indicators of a viral infection, yet our understanding of how viruses induce pain is limited. Immune cells typically recognize viral nucleic acids, which activate viral receptors and signaling, leading to immunity. Interestingly, these viral receptors and signals are also present in nociceptors and are associated with pain. Here, we investigate the response of nociceptors to nucleic acids during viral infections, specifically focusing on the role of the viral signal, Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING). Our research shows that cytosolic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) from viruses, like herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), triggers pain responses through STING expression in nociceptors. In addition, STING agonists alone can elicit pain responses. Notably, these responses involve the direct activation of STING in nociceptors through TRPV1. We also provided a proof-of-concept showing that STING and TRPV1 significantly contribute to the mechanical hypersensitivity induced by HSV-1 infection. These findings suggest that STING could be a potential therapeutic target for relieving pain during viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Lee
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Fabio Bonifacio
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Arthur Silveira Prudente
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Y I Choi
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jueun Roh
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Beatriz Lima Adjafre
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Chul-Kyu Park
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sung Jun Jung
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Temugin Berta
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
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2
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Ebrahim Soltani Z, Elahi M, Askari Rad M, Farsio S, Dehpour AR. "Niclosamide: A potential antipruritic agent by modulating serotonin pathway through metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs)". Heliyon 2024; 10:e33050. [PMID: 38994087 PMCID: PMC11238049 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Pruritus is an uncomfortable sensation induced by various pruritogens, including serotonin. Serotonin, acting as an inflammatory mediator, can activate a histamine-independent pathway. Consequently, many anti-pruritus medications, such as antihistamines, are not effective in adequately relieving patient symptoms. Niclosamide, an anthelmintic drug, has recently demonstrated an affinity for Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). mGluRs are a group of receptors activated by glutamate, and they are involved in regulating neuronal excitability. In this study, we utilized mouse models of serotonergic itch and administered different doses of Niclosamide to examine the expression of mGluR1, mGluR5, and 5-HT2. The administration of 5 mg/kg Niclosamide successfully suppressed pruritus in the mice. Additionally, the levels of mGluR1, mGluR5, 5-HT2, and TRPV1 were significantly reduced. These findings suggest that Niclosamide holds promise as a potential antipruritic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ebrahim Soltani
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Elahi
- Center for Orthopedic Trans-disciplinary Applied Research, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maziyar Askari Rad
- Pain Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, School of Medicine, Tehran University Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Farsio
- Department of Microbiology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Silveira Prudente A, Hoon Lee S, Roh J, Luckemeyer DD, Cohen CF, Pertin M, Park CK, Suter MR, Decosterd I, Zhang JM, Ji RR, Berta T. Microglial STING activation alleviates nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain in male but not female mice. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 117:51-65. [PMID: 38190983 PMCID: PMC11034751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia, resident immune cells in the central nervous system, play a role in neuroinflammation and the development of neuropathic pain. We found that the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is predominantly expressed in spinal microglia and upregulated after peripheral nerve injury. However, mechanical allodynia, as a marker of neuropathic pain following peripheral nerve injury, did not require microglial STING expression. In contrast, STING activation by specific agonists (ADU-S100, 35 nmol) significantly alleviated neuropathic pain in male mice, but not female mice. STING activation in female mice leads to increase in proinflammatory cytokines that may counteract the analgesic effect of ADU-S100. Microglial STING expression and type I interferon-ß (IFN-ß) signaling were required for the analgesic effects of STING agonists in male mice. Mechanistically, downstream activation of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and the production of IFN-ß, may partly account for the analgesic effect observed. These findings suggest that STING activation in spinal microglia could be a potential therapeutic intervention for neuropathic pain, particularly in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Silveira Prudente
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jueun Roh
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Physiology, Gachon Pain Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Debora D Luckemeyer
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Cinder F Cohen
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marie Pertin
- Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chul-Kyu Park
- Department of Physiology, Gachon Pain Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Marc R Suter
- Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Decosterd
- Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jun-Ming Zhang
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Departments of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Temugin Berta
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Kim H, Choi MR, Jeon SH, Jang Y, Yang YD. Pathophysiological Roles of Ion Channels in Epidermal Cells, Immune Cells, and Sensory Neurons in Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2756. [PMID: 38474002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by the rapid abnormal growth of skin cells in the epidermis, driven by an overactive immune system. Consequently, a complex interplay among epidermal cells, immune cells, and sensory neurons contributes to the development and progression of psoriasis. In these cellular contexts, various ion channels, such as acetylcholine receptors, TRP channels, Ca2+ release-activated channels, chloride channels, and potassium channels, each serve specific functions to maintain the homeostasis of the skin. The dysregulation of ion channels plays a major role in the pathophysiology of psoriasis, affecting various aspects of epidermal cells, immune responses, and sensory neuron signaling. Impaired function of ion channels can lead to altered calcium signaling, inflammation, proliferation, and sensory signaling, all of which are central features of psoriasis. This overview summarizes the pathophysiological roles of ion channels in epidermal cells, immune cells, and sensory neurons during early and late psoriatic processes, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of ion channel involvement in the interplay of psoriasis and making a crucial advance toward more precise and personalized approaches for psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungsup Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ran Choi
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ho Jeon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pocheon 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongwoo Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Duk Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pocheon 11160, Republic of Korea
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Go EJ, Lee JY, Kim YH, Park CK. Site-Specific Transient Receptor Potential Channel Mechanisms and Their Characteristics for Targeted Chronic Itch Treatment. Biomolecules 2024; 14:107. [PMID: 38254707 PMCID: PMC10813675 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic itch is a debilitating condition with limited treatment options, severely affecting quality of life. The identification of pruriceptors has sparked a growing interest in the therapeutic potential of TRP channels in the context of itch. In this regard, we provided a comprehensive overview of the site-specific expression of TRP channels and their associated functions in response to a range of pruritogens. Although several potent antipruritic compounds that target specific TRP channels have been developed and have demonstrated efficacy in various chronic itch conditions through experimental means, a more thorough understanding of the potential for adverse effects or interactions with other TRP channels or GPCRs is necessary to develop novel and selective therapeutics that target TRP channels for treating chronic itch. This review focuses on the mechanism of itch associated with TRP channels at specific sites, from the skin to the sensory neuron, with the aim of suggesting specific therapeutic targets for treating this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jin Go
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ji Yeon Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chul-Kyu Park
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea;
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Tsagareli MG, Follansbee T, Iodi Carstens M, Carstens E. Targeting Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels, Mas-Related G-Protein-Coupled Receptors (Mrgprs), and Protease-Activated Receptors (PARs) to Relieve Itch. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1707. [PMID: 38139833 PMCID: PMC10748146 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Itch (pruritus) is a sensation in the skin that provokes the desire to scratch. The sensation of itch is mediated through a subclass of primary afferent sensory neurons, termed pruriceptors, which express molecular receptors that are activated by itch-evoking ligands. Also expressed in pruriceptors are several types of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels. TRP channels are a diverse class of cation channels that are responsive to various somatosensory stimuli like touch, pain, itch, and temperature. In pruriceptors, TRP channels can be activated through intracellular signaling cascades initiated by pruritogen receptors and underly neuronal activation. In this review, we discuss the role of TRP channels TRPA1, TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPM8, and TRPC3/4 in acute and chronic pruritus. Since these channels often mediate itch in association with pruritogen receptors, we also discuss Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptors (Mrgprs) and protease-activated receptors (PARs). Additionally, we cover the exciting therapeutic targets amongst the TRP family, as well as Mrgprs and PARs for the treatment of pruritus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merab G. Tsagareli
- Laboratory of Pain and Analgesia, Ivane Beritashvili Center for Experimental Biomedicine, 0160 Tbilisi, Georgia;
| | - Taylor Follansbee
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Mirela Iodi Carstens
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Earl Carstens
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
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7
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Kim C, Kim Y, Lim JY, Kim M, Zheng H, Kim M, Hwang SW. Pamoic acid-induced peripheral GPR35 activation improves pruritus and dermatitis. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:3059-3070. [PMID: 37501600 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pruritic dermatitis is a disease with a considerable unmet need for treatment and appears to present with not only epidermal but also peripheral neuronal complications. Here, we propose a novel pharmacological modulation targeting both peripheral dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons and skin keratinocytes. GPR35 is an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor expressed in DRG neurons and has been predicted to downregulate neuronal excitability when activated. Modulator information is currently increasing for GPR35, and pamoic acid (PA), a salt-forming agent for drugs, has been shown to be an activator solely specific for GPR35. Here, we investigated its effects on dermatitic pathology. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We confirmed GPR35 expression in peripheral neurons and tissues. The effect of PA treatment was pharmacologically evaluated in cultured cells in vitro and in in vivo animal models for acute and chronic pruritus. KEY RESULTS Local PA application mitigated acute non-histaminergic itch and, consistently, obstructed DRG neuronal responses. Keratinocyte fragmentation under dermatitic simulation was also dampened following PA incubation. Chronic pruritus in 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and psoriasis models were also moderately but significantly reversed by the repeated applications of PA. Dermatitic scores in the 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and psoriatic models were also improved by its application, indicating that it is beneficial for mitigating disease pathology. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings suggest that pamoic acid activation of peripheral GPR35 can contribute to the improvement of pruritus and its associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaeeun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yerin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Lim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minseok Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haiyan Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Miri Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Wook Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Tonello R, Silveira Prudente A, Hoon Lee S, Faith Cohen C, Xie W, Paranjpe A, Roh J, Park CK, Chung G, Strong JA, Zhang JM, Berta T. Single-cell analysis of dorsal root ganglia reveals metalloproteinase signaling in satellite glial cells and pain. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 113:401-414. [PMID: 37557960 PMCID: PMC10530626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Satellite glial cells (SGCs) are among the most abundant non-neuronal cells in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and closely envelop sensory neurons that detect painful stimuli. However, little is still known about their homeostatic activities and their contribution to pain. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we were able to obtain a unique transcriptional profile for SGCs. We found enriched expression of the tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3) and other metalloproteinases in SGCs. Small interfering RNA and neutralizing antibody experiments revealed that TIMP3 modulates somatosensory stimuli. TIMP3 expression decreased after paclitaxel treatment, and its rescue by delivery of a recombinant TIMP3 protein reversed and prevented paclitaxel-induced pain. We also established that paclitaxel directly impacts metalloproteinase signaling in cultured SGCs, which may be used to identify potential new treatments for pain. Therefore, our results reveal a metalloproteinase signaling pathway in SGCs for proper processing of somatosensory stimuli and potential discovery of novel pain treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Tonello
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Arthur Silveira Prudente
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Cinder Faith Cohen
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Wenrui Xie
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Aditi Paranjpe
- Bioinformatics Collaborative Services, Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jueun Roh
- Department of Physiology, Gachon Pain Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Kyu Park
- Department of Physiology, Gachon Pain Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Gehoon Chung
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Judith A Strong
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jun-Ming Zhang
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Temugin Berta
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Lückemeyer DD, Xie W, Prudente AS, Qualls KA, Tonello R, Strong JA, Berta T, Zhang JM. The Antinociceptive Effect of Sympathetic Block is Mediated by Transforming Growth Factor β in a Mouse Model of Radiculopathy. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1363-1374. [PMID: 37165177 PMCID: PMC10465463 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although sympathetic blockade is clinically used to treat pain, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We developed a localized microsympathectomy (mSYMPX), by cutting the grey rami entering the spinal nerves near the rodent lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG). In a chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy model, mSYMPX attenuated pain behaviors via DRG macrophages and the anti-inflammatory actions of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and its receptor TGF-βR1. Here, we examined the role of TGF-β in sympathetic-mediated radiculopathy produced by local inflammation of the DRG (LID). Mice showed mechanical hypersensitivity and transcriptional and protein upregulation of TGF-β1 and TGF-βR1 three days after LID. Microsympathectomy prevented mechanical hypersensitivity and further upregulated Tgfb1 and Tgfbr1. Intrathecal delivery of TGF-β1 rapidly relieved the LID-induced mechanical hypersensitivity, and TGF-βR1 antagonists rapidly unmasked the mechanical hypersensitivity after LID+mSYMPX. In situ hybridization showed that Tgfb1 was largely expressed in DRG macrophages, and Tgfbr1 in neurons. We suggest that TGF-β signaling is a general underlying mechanism of local sympathetic blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Denardin Lückemeyer
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Wenrui Xie
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Arthur Silveira Prudente
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Katherine A Qualls
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Raquel Tonello
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Judith A Strong
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Temugin Berta
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Jun-Ming Zhang
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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10
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Zhang M, Ma Y, Ye X, Zhang N, Pan L, Wang B. TRP (transient receptor potential) ion channel family: structures, biological functions and therapeutic interventions for diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:261. [PMID: 37402746 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01464-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are sensors for a variety of cellular and environmental signals. Mammals express a total of 28 different TRP channel proteins, which can be divided into seven subfamilies based on amino acid sequence homology: TRPA (Ankyrin), TRPC (Canonical), TRPM (Melastatin), TRPML (Mucolipin), TRPN (NO-mechano-potential, NOMP), TRPP (Polycystin), TRPV (Vanilloid). They are a class of ion channels found in numerous tissues and cell types and are permeable to a wide range of cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, and others. TRP channels are responsible for various sensory responses including heat, cold, pain, stress, vision and taste and can be activated by a number of stimuli. Their predominantly location on the cell surface, their interaction with numerous physiological signaling pathways, and the unique crystal structure of TRP channels make TRPs attractive drug targets and implicate them in the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Here, we review the history of TRP channel discovery, summarize the structures and functions of the TRP ion channel family, and highlight the current understanding of the role of TRP channels in the pathogenesis of human disease. Most importantly, we describe TRP channel-related drug discovery, therapeutic interventions for diseases and the limitations of targeting TRP channels in potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health; Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yueming Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xianglu Ye
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Lei Pan
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health; Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Center for Pharmaceutics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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11
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Cohen CF, Roh J, Lee SH, Park CK, Berta T. Targeting Nociceptive Neurons and Transient Receptor Potential Channels for the Treatment of Migraine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097897. [PMID: 37175602 PMCID: PMC10177956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a neurovascular disorder that affects approximately 12% of the global population. While its exact causes are still being studied, researchers believe that nociceptive neurons in the trigeminal ganglia play a key role in the pain signals of migraine. These nociceptive neurons innervate the intracranial meninges and convey pain signals from the meninges to the thalamus. Targeting nociceptive neurons is considered promising due to their accessibility and distinct molecular profile, which includes the expression of several transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. These channels have been linked to various pain conditions, including migraine. This review discusses the role and mechanisms of nociceptive neurons in migraine, the challenges of current anti-migraine drugs, and the evidence for well-studied and emerging TRP channels, particularly TRPC4, as novel targets for migraine prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinder Faith Cohen
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Jueun Roh
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
- Department of Physiology, Gachon Pain Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Chul-Kyu Park
- Department of Physiology, Gachon Pain Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Temugin Berta
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
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12
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Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Elicit Acute and Chronic Itch via Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 3 Activation in Mice. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:373-385. [PMID: 35294713 PMCID: PMC9068852 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) that are overproduced by mitochondrial dysfunction are linked to pathological conditions including sensory abnormalities. Here, we explored whether mROS overproduction induces itch through transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3), which is sensitive to ROS. Intradermal injection of antimycin A (AA), a selective inhibitor of mitochondrial electron transport chain complex III for mROS overproduction, produced robust scratching behavior in naïve mice, which was suppressed by MitoTEMPO, a mitochondria-selective ROS scavenger, and Pyr10, a TRPC3-specific blocker, but not by blockers of TRPA1 or TRPV1. AA activated subsets of trigeminal ganglion neurons and also induced inward currents, which were blocked by MitoTEMPO and Pyr10. Besides, dry skin-induced chronic scratching was relieved by MitoTEMPO and Pyr10, and also by resveratrol, an antioxidant. Taken together, our results suggest that mROS elicit itch through TRPC3, which may underlie chronic itch, representing a potential therapeutic target for chronic itch.
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13
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Shirolkar P, Mishra SK. Role of TRP ion channels in pruritus. Neurosci Lett 2022; 768:136379. [PMID: 34861341 PMCID: PMC8755431 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) channel superfamily responds to various physical, chemical, and environmental stimuli including the detection of sensations both harmful and non-harmful. Among these sensations is pruritus, or itch. There are at least 27 different TRP channels and about six of them are involved in pruriception. The function of these six receptors is primarily seen in the skin and the dorsal root ganglia. Identification and biological insights provided by these receptors in pruriception is important for human health as mutations and activations of many of these channels cause discomfort and disease. This review will focus on involvement of TRP channels in pruriception that may render these channels as the targets of many antagonistic topical medications, which may help patients' better cope with the pruritus that results from various cutaneous and systemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth Shirolkar
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Santosh K Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; The WM Keck Behavioral Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Program in Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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14
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Cohen CF, Prudente AS, Berta T, Lee SH. Transient Receptor Potential Channel 4 Small-Molecule Inhibition Alleviates Migraine-Like Behavior in Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:765181. [PMID: 34790097 PMCID: PMC8591066 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.765181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a common neurological disorder with few available treatment options. Recently, we have demonstrated the role of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 4 (TRPC4) in itch and the modulation of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), a biomarker and emerging therapeutic target for migraine. In this study, we characterized the role of TRPC4 in pain and evaluated its inhibition as anti-migraine pain therapy in preclinical mouse models. First, we found that TRPC4 is highly expressed in trigeminal ganglia and its activation not only mediates itch but also pain. Second, we demonstrated that the small-molecule inhibitor ML204, a specific TRPC4 antagonist, significantly reduced episodic and chronic migraine-like behaviors in male and female mice after injection of nitroglycerin (NTG), a well-known migraine inducer in rodents and humans. Third, we found a significant decrease in CGRP protein levels in the plasma of both male and female mice treated with ML-204, which largely prevented the development of chronic migraine-like behavior. Using sensory neuron cultures, we confirmed that activation of TRPC4 elicited release of CGRP, which was significantly diminished by ML-204. Collectively, our findings identify TRPC4 in peripheral sensory neurons as a mediator of CGRP release and NTG-evoked migraine. Since a TRPC4 antagonist is already in clinical trials, we expect that this study will rapidly lead to novel and effective clinical treatments for migraineurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinder Faith Cohen
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Arthur Silveira Prudente
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Temugin Berta
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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15
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Wimalasena NK, Milner G, Silva R, Vuong C, Zhang Z, Bautista DM, Woolf CJ. Dissecting the precise nature of itch-evoked scratching. Neuron 2021; 109:3075-3087.e2. [PMID: 34411514 PMCID: PMC8497439 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Itch is a discrete and irritating sensation tightly coupled to a drive to scratch. Acute scratching developed evolutionarily as an adaptive defense against skin irritants, pathogens, or parasites. In contrast, the itch-scratch cycle in chronic itch is harmful, inducing escalating itch and skin damage. Clinically and preclinically, scratching incidence is currently evaluated as a unidimensional motor parameter and believed to reflect itch severity. We propose that scratching, when appreciated as a complex, multidimensional motor behavior, will yield greater insight into the nature of itch and the organization of neural circuits driving repetitive motor patterns. We outline the limitations of standard measurements of scratching in rodent models and present new approaches to observe and quantify itch-evoked scratching. We argue that accurate quantitative measurements of scratching are critical for dissecting the molecular, cellular, and circuit mechanisms underlying itch and for preclinical development of therapeutic interventions for acute and chronic itch disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivanthika K Wimalasena
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - George Milner
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ricardo Silva
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Cliff Vuong
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Zihe Zhang
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Diana M Bautista
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Hellen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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16
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Abstract
Introduction: Cinnamaldehyde (CA) elicits itch sensation in humans. We investigated
if CA elicits scratching behavior in mice and determined the roles for
TRPV1, TRPA1, and TRPV4. Materials and Methods: Scratching behavior elicited by intradermal injection of CA was
assessed in wildtype (WT) mice and knockout (KO) mice lacking TRPV1, TRPA1,
TRPV4, or deficient in mast cells. We also assessed scratching and wet dog
shakes elicited by low-threshold mechanical stimulation of skin treated
topically with CA or vehicle. Using calcium imaging we tested if CA
activates dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of each genotype. Results: Intradermal cheek injection of CA elicited dose-dependent hindlimb
scratch bouts, with fewer forelimb wipes and facial groom bouts that were
not dose-dependent. CA elicited significantly fewer scratch bouts in TRPV1
and TRPV4 KO mice, but not TRPA1KOs, compared with WTs. There were no sex
differences across genotypes. The histamine H1 antagonist cetirizine did not
affect CA-evoked scratching, which was normal in mast cell deficient mice,
indicating lack of histamine involvement. Scores for alloknesis were
significantly greater following topical application of CA compared with
vehicle. Post-CA alloknesis scores were significantly higher in TRPV4KOs of
both sexes and in female TRPV1 and TRPA1KOs, compared with WTs. Low
threshold mechanical stimuli also elicited significantly more wet dog shakes
in mice treated topically with 20% CA, with significantly fewer in TRPV1,
TRPA1, and TRPV4KOs compared with WTs. In calcium imaging studies, CA
excited 24% of WT DRG cells, significantly fewer (11.5%) in cells from
TRPV4KOs, and none in TRPA1KOs. Responses of cells of all genotypes
exhibited significant sensitization to repeated CA stimulation.
Sensitization was significantly enhanced by IL-4, which itself excited 16%
of WT DRG cells and none from TRPA1KOs. Discussion: The results indicate that TRPA1 is dispensable for CA-evoked
scratching, which depends partly on TRPV1 and TRPV4.
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17
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A group of cationic amphiphilic drugs activates MRGPRX2 and induces scratching behavior in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 148:506-522.e8. [PMID: 33617860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mas gene-related G protein-coupled receptors (MRGPRs) are a G protein-coupled receptor family responsive to various exogenous and endogenous agonists, playing a fundamental role in pain and itch sensation. The primate-specific family member MRGPRX2 and its murine orthologue MRGPRB2 are expressed by mast cells mediating IgE-independent signaling and pseudoallergic drug reactions. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to increase knowledge about the function and regulation of MRGPRX2/MRGPRB2, which is of major importance in prevention of drug hypersensitivity reactions and drug-induced pruritus. METHODS To identify novel MRGPR (ant)agonists, we screened a library of pharmacologically active compounds by utilizing a high-throughput calcium mobilization assay. The identified hit compounds were analyzed for their pseudoallergic and pruritogenic effects in mice and human. RESULTS We found a class of commonly used drugs activating MRGPRX2 that, to a large extent, consists of antidepressants, antiallergic drugs, and antipsychotics. Three-dimensional pharmacophore modeling revealed structural similarities of the identified agonists, classifying them as cationic amphiphilic drugs. Mast cell activation was investigated by using the 3 representatively selected antidepressants clomipramine, paroxetine, and desipramine. Indeed, we were able to show a concentration-dependent activation and MRGPRX2-dependent degranulation of the human mast cell line LAD2 (Laboratory of Allergic Diseases-2). Furthermore, clomipramine, paroxetine, and desipramine were able to induce degranulation of human skin and murine peritoneal mast cells. These substances elicited dose-dependent scratching behavior following intradermal injection into C57BL/6 mice but less so in MRGPRB2-mutant mice, as well as wheal-and-flare reactions following intradermal injections in humans. CONCLUSION Our results contribute to the characterization of structure-activity relationships and functionality of MRGPRX2 ligands and facilitate prediction of adverse reactions such as drug-induced pruritus to prevent severe drug hypersensitivity reactions.
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18
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TRPM3 Channels Play Roles in Heat Hypersensitivity and Spontaneous Pain after Nerve Injury. J Neurosci 2021; 41:2457-2474. [PMID: 33478988 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1551-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 3 (TRPM3) is a heat-activated ion channel in primary sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). Pharmacological and genetic studies implicated TRPM3 in various pain modalities, but TRPM3 inhibitors were not validated in TRPM3-/- mice. Here we tested two inhibitors of TRPM3 in male and female wild-type and TRPM3-/- mice in nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain. We found that intraperitoneal injection of either isosakuranetin or primidone reduced heat hypersensitivity induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in wild-type, but not in TRPM3-/- mice. Primidone was also effective when injected locally in the hindpaw or intrathecally. Consistently, intrathecal injection of the TRPM3 agonist CIM0216 reduced paw withdrawal latency to radiant heat in wild-type, but not in TRPM3-/- mice. Intraperitoneal injection of 2 mg/kg, but not 0.5 mg/kg isosakuranetin, inhibited cold and mechanical hypersensitivity in CCI, both in wild-type and TRPM3-/- mice, indicating a dose-dependent off-target effect. Primidone had no effect on cold sensitivity, and only a marginal effect on mechanical hypersensitivity. Genetic deletion or inhibitors of TRPM3 reduced the increase in the levels of the early genes c-Fos and pERK in the spinal cord and DRGs in CCI mice, suggesting spontaneous activity of the channel. Intraperitoneal isosakuranetin also inhibited spontaneous pain related behavior in CCI in the conditioned place preference assay, and this effect was eliminated in TRPM3-/- mice. Overall, our data indicate a role of TRPM3 in heat hypersensitivity and in spontaneous pain after nerve injury.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neuropathic pain is a major unsolved medical problem. The heat-activated TRPM3 ion channel is a potential target for novel pain medications, but the pain modalities in which it plays a role are not clear. Here we used a combination of genetic and pharmacological tools to assess the role of this channel in spontaneous pain, heat, cold, and mechanical hypersensitivity in a nerve injury model of neuropathic pain in mice. Our findings indicate a role for TRPM3 in heat hyperalgesia, and spontaneous pain, but not in cold and mechanical hypersensitivity. We also find that not only TRPM3 located in the peripheral nerve termini, but also TRPM3 in the spinal cord or proximal segments of DRG neurons are important for heat hypersensitivity.
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19
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Lee SH, Tonello R, Im ST, Jeon H, Park J, Ford Z, Davidson S, Kim YH, Park CK, Berta T. Resolvin D3 controls mouse and human TRPV1-positive neurons and preclinical progression of psoriasis. Theranostics 2020; 10:12111-12126. [PMID: 33204332 PMCID: PMC7667671 DOI: 10.7150/thno.52135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by a complex interplay between the immune and nervous systems with recurrent scaly skin plaques, thickened stratum corneum, infiltration and activation of inflammatory cells, and itch. Despite an increasing availability of immune therapies, they often have adverse effects, high costs, and dissociated effects on inflammation and itch. Activation of sensory neurons innervating the skin and TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1) are emerging as critical components in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, but little is known about their endogenous inhibitors. Recent studies have demonstrated that resolvins, endogenous lipid mediators derived from omega-3 fatty acids, are potent inhibitors of TRP channels and may offer new therapies for psoriasis without known adverse effects. Methods: We used behavioral, electrophysiological and biochemical approaches to investigate the therapeutic effects of resolvin D3 (RvD3), a novel family member of resolvins, in a preclinical model of psoriasis consisting of repeated topical applications of imiquimod (IMQ) to murine skin, which provokes inflammatory lesions that resemble human psoriasis. Results: We report that RvD3 specifically reduced TRPV1-dependent acute pain and itch in mice. Mechanistically, RvD3 inhibited capsaicin-induced TRPV1 currents in dissociated dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons via the N-formyl peptide receptor 2 (i.e. ALX/FPR2), a G-protein coupled receptor. Single systemic administration of RvD3 (2.8 mg/kg) reversed itch after IMQ, and repeated administration largely prevented the development of both psoriasiform itch and skin inflammation with concomitant decreased in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) expression in DRG neurons. Accordingly, specific knockdown of CGRP in DRG was sufficient to prevent both psoriasiform itch and skin inflammation similar to the effects following RvD3 administration. Finally, we elevated the translational potential of this study by showing that RvD3 significantly inhibited capsaicin-induced TRPV1 activity and CGRP release in human DRG neurons. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate a novel role for RvD3 in regulating TRPV1/CGRP in mouse and human DRG neurons and identify RvD3 and its neuronal pathways as novel therapeutic targets to treat psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Lee
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Raquel Tonello
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sang-Taek Im
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Hawon Jeon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongsu Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Zachary Ford
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Steve Davidson
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Kyu Park
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Temugin Berta
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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20
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Local Sympathectomy Promotes Anti-inflammatory Responses and Relief of Paclitaxel-induced Mechanical and Cold Allodynia in Mice. Anesthesiology 2020; 132:1540-1553. [PMID: 32404819 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000003241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients undergoing cancer treatment often experience chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain at their extremities, for which there is no U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drug. The authors hypothesized that local sympathetic blockade, which is used in the clinic to treat various pain conditions, can also be effective to treat chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. METHODS A local sympathectomy (i.e., cutting the ipsilateral gray rami entering the spinal nerves near the L3 and L4 dorsal root ganglia) was performed in mice receiving intraperitoneal injections every other day of the chemotherapeutic drug paclitaxel. Sympathectomy effects were then assessed in chemotherapy-induced pain-like behaviors (i.e., mechanical and cold allodynia) and neuroimmune and electrophysiologic responses. RESULTS Local microsympathectomy produced a fast recovery from mechanical allodynia (mean ± SD: sympathectomy vs. sham at day 5, 1.07 ± 0.34 g vs. 0.51 ± 0.17g, n = 5, P = 0.030 in male mice, and 1.08 ± 0.28 g vs. 0.62 ± 0.16 g, n = 5, P = 0.036 in female mice) and prevented the development of cold allodynia in both male and female mice after paclitaxel. Mechanistically, microsympathectomy induced transcriptional increases in dorsal root ganglia of macrophage markers and anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as the transforming growth factor-β. Accordingly, depletion of monocytes/macrophages and blockade of transforming growth factor-β signaling reversed the relief of mechanical allodynia by microsympathectomy. In particular, exogenous transforming growth factor-β was sufficient to relieve mechanical allodynia after paclitaxel (transforming growth factor-β 100 ng/site vs. vehicle at 3 h, 1.21 ± 0.34g vs. 0.53 ± 0.14 g, n = 5, P = 0.001 in male mice), and transforming growth factor-β signaling regulated neuronal activity in dorsal root ganglia. CONCLUSIONS Local sympathetic nerves control the progression of immune responses in dorsal root ganglia and pain-like behaviors in mice after paclitaxel, raising the possibility that clinical strategies already in use for local sympathetic blockade may also offer an effective treatment for patients experiencing chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain.
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21
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Jeon J, Tian JB, Zhu MX. TRPC4 as a coincident detector of G i/o and G q/11 signaling: mechanisms and pathophysiological implications. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 17:34-41. [PMID: 32851198 DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
TRPC channels are Ca2+-permeable nonselective cation channels activated downstream from phospholipase C (PLC). Although most TRPC channels can be activated by stimulating Gq/11-coupled receptors, TRPC4 requires simultaneous stimulation of Gi/o-coupled receptors, making it a perfect detector of coincident Gi/o and Gq/11 signaling. Evidence shows that activated Gαi/o proteins work together with PLCδ1 to induce robust TRPC4 activation and the process is accelerated by stimulation of other PLC isozymes, such as PLCβ through Gq/11 proteins. Mechanistically, Gq/11-PLCβ activation produces triggering proton and calcium signals to initiate self-propagating PLCδ1 activity, crucial for Gi/o-mediated TRPC4 function. Thus, TRPC4-containing channels are activated under conditions not only when coincident Gi/o and Gq/11 stimulation occurs, but also when Gi/o stimulation coincides with proton and Ca2+ signals. The resulting cytosolic Ca2+ rise and membrane depolarization switch the inhibitory Gi/o response to excitation. The conditions and implications of Gi/o-mediated TRPC4 activation in physiology and pathophysiology warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaepyo Jeon
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jin-Bin Tian
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Michael X Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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22
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Domocos D, Selescu T, Ceafalan LC, Iodi Carstens M, Carstens E, Babes A. Role of 5-HT1A and 5-HT3 receptors in serotonergic activation of sensory neurons in relation to itch and pain behavior in the rat. J Neurosci Res 2020; 98:1999-2017. [PMID: 32537854 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) released by platelets, mast cells, and immunocytes is a potent inflammatory mediator which modulates pain and itch sensing in the peripheral nervous system. The serotonergic receptors expressed by primary afferent neurons involved in these sensory functions are not fully identified and appear to be to a large extent species dependent. Moreover, the mechanisms through which 5-HT receptor activation is coupled to changes in neuronal excitability have not been completely revealed. Using a combination of in vitro (calcium and voltage imaging and patch-clamp) and in vivo behavioral methods, we used both male and female Wistar rats to provide evidence for the involvement of two 5-HT receptor subtypes, 5-HT1A and 5-HT3, in mediating the sustained and transient effects, respectively, of 5-HT on rat primary afferent neurons involved in pain and itch processing. In addition, our results are consistent with a model in which sustained serotonergic responses triggered via the 5-HT1A receptor are due to closure of background potassium channels, followed by membrane depolarization and action potentials, during which the activation of voltage-gated calcium channels leads to calcium entry. Our results may provide a better understanding of mammalian serotonergic itch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Domocos
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Tudor Selescu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura Cristina Ceafalan
- Cell Biology, Neuroscience and Experimental Myology Laboratory, 'Victor Babeș' National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Cellular & Molecular Biology and Histology, School of Medicine, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mirela Iodi Carstens
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Earl Carstens
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alexandru Babes
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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23
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Solinski HJ, Kriegbaum MC, Tseng PY, Earnest TW, Gu X, Barik A, Chesler AT, Hoon MA. Nppb Neurons Are Sensors of Mast Cell-Induced Itch. Cell Rep 2020; 26:3561-3573.e4. [PMID: 30917312 PMCID: PMC6490177 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Itch is an unpleasant skin sensation that can be triggered by exposure to many chemicals, including those released by mast cells. The natriuretic polypeptide b (Nppb)-expressing class of sensory neurons, when activated, elicits scratching responses in mice, but it is unclear which itch-inducing agents stimulate these cells and the receptors involved. Here, we identify receptors expressed by Nppb neurons and demonstrate the functional importance of these receptors as sensors of endogenous pruritogens released by mast cells. Our search for receptors in Nppb neurons reveals that they express leukotriene, serotonin, and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors. Targeted cell ablation, calcium imaging of primary sensory neurons, and conditional receptor knockout studies demonstrate that these receptors induce itch by the direct stimulation of Nppb neurons and neurotransmission through the canonical gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)-dependent spinal cord itch pathway. Together, our results define a molecular and cellular pathway for mast cell-induced itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Jürgen Solinski
- Molecular Genetics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mette C Kriegbaum
- Molecular Genetics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pang-Yen Tseng
- Molecular Genetics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas W Earnest
- Molecular Genetics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xinglong Gu
- Molecular Genetics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Arnab Barik
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, NIH, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexander T Chesler
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, NIH, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark A Hoon
- Molecular Genetics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, 35A Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Lee SH, Tonello R, Choi Y, Jung SJ, Berta T. Sensory Neuron-Expressed TRPC4 Is a Target for the Relief of Psoriasiform Itch and Skin Inflammation in Mice. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:2221-2229.e6. [PMID: 32289348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease associated with itch, which is a troublesome symptom with a few therapeutic options. TRPC4 is highly expressed in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). Recently, we have revealed itch signaling in DRG neurons by which TRPC4 mediates itch to serotonergic antidepressants and demonstrated the antipruritic effect of the TRPC4 inhibitor ML204. However, the role of TRPC4 in acute and chronic itch is still largely unknown. Here, we have characterized the expression of TRPC4 in peptidergic DRG neurons and showed that acute itch induced by serotonin and histamine was attenuated in Trpc4-knockout mice and ML204-treated mice. We have also shown that silencing TRPC4 in DRG and its inhibition by intradermal injections were also effective in decreasing psoriatic itch after the repeated application of imiquimod, which is a preclinical model of psoriasis. Of clinical relevance, intradermal injections of ML204 in psoriasiform skin significantly reversed imiquimod-established chronic itch and cutaneous inflammation. Given that TRPC4 is expressed in human DRGs and a specific inhibitor is in clinical trials, our data not only expand our understanding of itch and psoriasis, but also reveal TRPC4 as a potential therapeutic target with considerable translational benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Lee
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Raquel Tonello
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Youngin Choi
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Jun Jung
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Temugin Berta
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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Current and Future Therapies for Psoriasis with a Focus on Serotonergic Drugs. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2391-2419. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01889-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Liu X, Tonello R, Ling Y, Gao YJ, Berta T. Paclitaxel-activated astrocytes produce mechanical allodynia in mice by releasing tumor necrosis factor-α and stromal-derived cell factor 1. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:209. [PMID: 31707979 PMCID: PMC6842526 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1619-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paclitaxel is a widely used and potent chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer. However, patients receiving paclitaxel often develop an acute pain syndrome for which there are few treatment options. Astrocytes play an important role in the pathogenesis of pain in multiple preclinical models, as well as in paclitaxel-treated rodents. However, it is still unclear what the exact contribution of astrocytes may be in paclitaxel-associated acute pain syndrome (P-APS). METHODS P-APS was modeled by a single systemic or intrathecal injection of paclitaxel and astrocyte contribution tested by immunohistochemical, pharmacological, and behavioral approaches. Cell cultures were also prepared to assess whether paclitaxel treatment directly activates astrocytes and whether intrathecal injection of paclitaxel-treated astrocytes produces pain that is reminiscent of P-APS. RESULTS Systemic injection of paclitaxel resulted in increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (a common marker of astrocytic activation), as well as both systemic or intrathecal injection of paclitaxel induced pain hypersensitivity indicated by the development of mechanical allodynia, which was significantly reversed by the astrocytic inhibitor L-α-AA. Cultured astrocytes were activated by paclitaxel with significant increases in protein levels for tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and stromal-derived cell factor 1 (SDF-1). Importantly, intrathecal injection of paclitaxel-activated astrocytes produced mechanical allodynia that was reversed by TNF-α and SDF-1 neutralizing antibodies. CONCLUSION Our results suggest for the first time that paclitaxel can directly activate astrocytes, which are sufficient to produce acute pain by releasing TNF-α and SDF-1. Targeting astrocytes and these cytokines may offer new treatments for P-APS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu China
| | - Raquel Tonello
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Yuejuan Ling
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
- Institute of Pain Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu China
| | - Yong-Jing Gao
- Institute of Pain Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu China
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu China
| | - Temugin Berta
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH USA
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Emerging Roles of Diacylglycerol-Sensitive TRPC4/5 Channels. Cells 2018; 7:cells7110218. [PMID: 30463370 PMCID: PMC6262340 DOI: 10.3390/cells7110218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential classical or canonical 4 (TRPC4) and TRPC5 channels are members of the classical or canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channel family of non-selective cation channels. TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels are widely accepted as receptor-operated cation channels that are activated in a phospholipase C-dependent manner, following the Gq/11 protein-coupled receptor activation. However, their precise activation mechanism has remained largely elusive for a long time, as the TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels were considered as being insensitive to the second messenger diacylglycerol (DAG) in contrast to the other TRPC channels. Recent findings indicate that the C-terminal interactions with the scaffolding proteins Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor 1 and 2 (NHERF1 and NHERF2) dynamically regulate the DAG sensitivity of the TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels. Interestingly, the C-terminal NHERF binding suppresses, while the dissociation of NHERF enables, the DAG sensitivity of the TRPC4 and TRPC5 channels. This leads to the assumption that all of the TRPC channels are DAG sensitive. The identification of the regulatory function of the NHERF proteins in the TRPC4/5-NHERF protein complex offers a new starting point to get deeper insights into the molecular basis of TRPC channel activation. Future studies will have to unravel the physiological and pathophysiological functions of this multi-protein channel complex.
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TRP Channels as Drug Targets to Relieve Itch. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11040100. [PMID: 30301231 PMCID: PMC6316386 DOI: 10.3390/ph11040100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although acute itch has a protective role by removing irritants to avoid further damage, chronic itch is debilitating, significantly impacting quality of life. Over the past two decades, a considerable amount of stimulating research has been carried out to delineate mechanisms of itch at the molecular, cellular, and circuit levels. There is growing evidence that transient receptor potential (TRP) channels play important roles in itch signaling. The purpose of this review is to summarize our current knowledge about the role of TRP channels in the generation of itch under both physiological and pathological conditions, thereby identifying them as potential drug targets for effective anti-itch therapies.
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