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de Souza VMR, Maciel NB, Machado YAA, de Sousa JMS, Rodrigues RRL, dos Santos ALS, Gonçalves da Silva MG, Martins da Silva IG, Barros-Cordeiro KB, Báo SN, Tavares JF, Rodrigues KADF. Anti- Leishmania amazonensis Activity of Morolic Acid, a Pentacyclic Triterpene with Effects on Innate Immune Response during Macrophage Infection. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1392. [PMID: 39065160 PMCID: PMC11279160 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a group of infectious diseases transmitted to humans during vector bites and caused by protozoans of the genus Leishmania. Conventional therapies face challenges due to their serious side effects, prompting research into new anti-leishmania agents. In this context, we investigated the effectiveness of morolic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene, on L. amazonensis promastigotes and amastigotes. The present study employed the MTT assay, cytokine analysis using optEIATM kits, an H2DCFDA test, and nitric oxide dosage involving nitrite production and Griess reagent. Morolic acid inhibited promastigote and axenic amastigote growth forms at IC50 values of 1.13 µM and 2.74 µM, respectively. For cytotoxicity to macrophages and VERO cells, morolic acid obtained respective CC50 values of 68.61 µM and 82.94 µM. The compound causes damage to the parasite membrane, leading to cellular leakage. In the infection assay, there was a decrease in parasite load, resulting in a CI50 of 2.56 µM. This effect was associated with immunomodulatory activity, altering macrophage structural and cellular parasite elimination mechanisms. Morolic acid proved to be an effective and selective natural compound, making it a strong candidate for future in vivo studies in cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Maria Rodrigues de Souza
- Infectious Disease Laboratory, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Federal University Delta of Parnaiba, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil; (V.M.R.d.S.); (N.B.M.); (Y.A.A.M.); (J.M.S.d.S.); (R.R.L.R.); (A.L.S.d.S.); (M.G.G.d.S.)
| | - Nicolle Barreira Maciel
- Infectious Disease Laboratory, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Federal University Delta of Parnaiba, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil; (V.M.R.d.S.); (N.B.M.); (Y.A.A.M.); (J.M.S.d.S.); (R.R.L.R.); (A.L.S.d.S.); (M.G.G.d.S.)
| | - Yasmim Alves Aires Machado
- Infectious Disease Laboratory, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Federal University Delta of Parnaiba, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil; (V.M.R.d.S.); (N.B.M.); (Y.A.A.M.); (J.M.S.d.S.); (R.R.L.R.); (A.L.S.d.S.); (M.G.G.d.S.)
| | - Julyanne Maria Saraiva de Sousa
- Infectious Disease Laboratory, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Federal University Delta of Parnaiba, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil; (V.M.R.d.S.); (N.B.M.); (Y.A.A.M.); (J.M.S.d.S.); (R.R.L.R.); (A.L.S.d.S.); (M.G.G.d.S.)
| | - Raiza Raianne Luz Rodrigues
- Infectious Disease Laboratory, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Federal University Delta of Parnaiba, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil; (V.M.R.d.S.); (N.B.M.); (Y.A.A.M.); (J.M.S.d.S.); (R.R.L.R.); (A.L.S.d.S.); (M.G.G.d.S.)
| | - Airton Lucas Sousa dos Santos
- Infectious Disease Laboratory, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Federal University Delta of Parnaiba, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil; (V.M.R.d.S.); (N.B.M.); (Y.A.A.M.); (J.M.S.d.S.); (R.R.L.R.); (A.L.S.d.S.); (M.G.G.d.S.)
| | - Maria Gabrielly Gonçalves da Silva
- Infectious Disease Laboratory, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Federal University Delta of Parnaiba, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil; (V.M.R.d.S.); (N.B.M.); (Y.A.A.M.); (J.M.S.d.S.); (R.R.L.R.); (A.L.S.d.S.); (M.G.G.d.S.)
| | - Ingrid Gracielle Martins da Silva
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (I.G.M.d.S.); (K.B.B.-C.); (S.N.B.)
| | - Karine Brenda Barros-Cordeiro
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (I.G.M.d.S.); (K.B.B.-C.); (S.N.B.)
| | - Sônia Nair Báo
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil; (I.G.M.d.S.); (K.B.B.-C.); (S.N.B.)
| | - Josean Fechine Tavares
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Synthetic Bioactive, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil;
| | - Klinger Antonio da Franca Rodrigues
- Infectious Disease Laboratory, Campus Ministro Reis Velloso, Federal University Delta of Parnaiba, Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil; (V.M.R.d.S.); (N.B.M.); (Y.A.A.M.); (J.M.S.d.S.); (R.R.L.R.); (A.L.S.d.S.); (M.G.G.d.S.)
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Cham BT, Hoang VD, Thuy Linh NT, Tai BH, Delfino DV, Thuy TT. Noncytotoxic 16,23-epoxycucurbitacin-type triterpenoids from Elaeocarpus hainanensis. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:1216-1220. [PMID: 36287582 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2137507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of methanol extract from Elaeocarpus hainanensis Oliv. leaves and twigs led to the isolation and structural determination of three 16,23-epoxycucurbitacin-type triterpenoids, including a new hydroperoxide, 16α,23α-epoxy-3β,20β-dihydroxy-24α-hydroperoxy-10αH,23βH-cucurbit-5,25-dien-11-one (elahainencin A, 1), and two known analogs (2 and 3). Their chemical structures were determined by the spectroscopic analyses, including 1 D-, 2 D NMR and HR ESI MS spectra. Compound 1 represents a cucurbitacin derivative incorporating a hydroperoxide. In addition, these isolated compounds have been found to be noncytotoxic when tested in vitro against five human cancer cell lines (A549, T24, 8505, Huh-7 and SNU-1) by using the SRB method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ba Thi Cham
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Natural Products Research, Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vu Dinh Hoang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Thuy Linh
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Natural Products Research, Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bui Huu Tai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Domenico V Delfino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Trinh Thi Thuy
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Natural Products Research, Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
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Shang JH, Qiao YJ, Zhu HT, Wang D, Yang CR, Zhang YJ. Discovery of nontriterpenoids from the rot roots of Panax notoginseng with cytotoxicity and their molecular docking study and experimental validation †. RSC Adv 2023; 13:11037-11043. [PMID: 37033442 PMCID: PMC10077343 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00720k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Panax notoginseng (PN) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, with dammarane-type triterpenoid saponins characterized as major component and active ingredients, together with amino acids, flavonoids, polysaccharides, and polyacetylenes. The roots of PN are susceptible to root rot disease, which causes a huge loss and changes in the chemical components of this precious resource. In this study, sub-fractions of rot PN root extracts were preliminarily found to have admirable cytotoxicity on two human cancer cells. Further bioassay-guided isolation discovered nine new non-triterpenoids, including two novel N-methylacetamido-1-oxotetrahydropyrimidine alkaloids (1, 2), five 2H-furanones or 2H-pyranones (3–7), and two polyacetylenic alcohols (8, 9). Their structures were illuminated by extensive spectroscopic data, calculated ECD, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Among them, 3–7 were considered to be transformed from panaxatriol through the intermediates (8, 9). The new alkaloids (1, 2) displayed noteworthy cytotoxicity against five human cancer cells with IC50 values ranging from 14 to 24 μM. In silico target prediction and molecular docking studies showed that 1 and 2 may interact with EGFR, and were verified by the experimental inhibitory effect on EGFR tyrosine kinase. Nine new nontriterpenoids were identified from Panax notoginseng rot roots, and their cytotoxicities may be related to the EGFR inhibition.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Huan Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201PR China+86-871-6522-3235
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049PR China
| | - Yi-Jun Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201PR China+86-871-6522-3235
| | - Hong-Tao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201PR China+86-871-6522-3235
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201PR China+86-871-6522-3235
| | - Chong-Ren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201PR China+86-871-6522-3235
| | - Ying-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201PR China+86-871-6522-3235
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Notoginsenoids, a new class of hexa-nortriterpenoids from biotransformation of Panax notoginseng saponins. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Li X, Liu J, Zuo TT, Hu Y, Li Z, Wang HD, Xu XY, Yang WZ, Guo DA. Advances and challenges in ginseng research from 2011 to 2020: the phytochemistry, quality control, metabolism, and biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:875-909. [PMID: 35128553 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00071c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2011 to the end of 2020Panax species (Araliaceae), particularly P. ginseng, P. quinquefolius, and P. notoginseng, have a long history of medicinal use because of their remarkable tonifying effects, and currently serve as crucial sources for various healthcare products, functional foods, and cosmetics, aside from their vast clinical preparations. The huge market demand on a global scale prompts the continuous prosperity in ginseng research concerning the discovery of new compounds, precise quality control, ADME (absorption/disposition/metabolism/excretion), and biosynthesis pathways. Benefitting from the ongoing rapid development of analytical technologies, e.g. multi-dimensional chromatography (MDC), personalized mass spectrometry (MS) scan strategies, and multi-omics, highly recognized progress has been made in driving ginseng analysis towards "systematicness, integrity, personalization, and intelligentization". Herein, we review the advances in the phytochemistry, quality control, metabolism, and biosynthesis pathway of ginseng over the past decade (2011-2020), with 410 citations. Emphasis is placed on the introduction of new compounds isolated (saponins and polysaccharides), and the emerging novel analytical technologies and analytical strategies that favor ginseng's authentic use and global consumption. Perspectives on the challenges and future trends in ginseng analysis are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Tian-Tian Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Ying Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China. .,College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hong-da Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Wen-Zhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - De-An Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai, Tianjin 301617, China. .,Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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Wang R. Current perspectives on naturally occurring saponins as anticancer agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2100469. [PMID: 35119132 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Saponins, a heterogeneous group of sterol and triterpene glycosides, are distributed widely in nature. Naturally occurring saponins could act on diverse targets in cancer cells and consequently exert potential antiproliferative effects in various cancers, including drug-resistant forms. Therefore, naturally occurring saponins are useful templates for the discovery of novel anticancer candidates. Covering articles published between January 2020 and October 2021, this review aims to outline the recent development of naturally occurring steroidal and triterpenoidal saponins with anticancer potential to provide novel anticancer lead hits/candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo Wang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Smirnova IE, Gatilov YV, Bagryanskaya IY. Synthesis and Molecular Structure of Hydroxy and Hydroxyimino Derivatives of Hollongdione. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428021040266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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Comprehensive Quality Evaluation of American Ginseng for Different Parts and Abnormal Trait Based on the Major Ginsenoside Contents and Morphological Characteristics. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8831080. [PMID: 33834075 PMCID: PMC8016571 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8831080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The demand for American ginseng, a famous traditional medicine and high-grade healthy food, has increased dramatically over recent years. However, only the main root is popular among consumers, whereas other parts of American ginseng are rarely available in the market. In this study, the contents of 5 major ginsenosides (Re, Rc, Rg1, Rd, and Rb1) were determined through high-performance liquid chromatography. Our study showed that all these 5 major ginsenosides are found in different parts of American ginseng plants, and the total content in different parts varied significantly in the following order: fibrous root > flower > branch root > main root > leaf > stem. Interestingly, the total content in the fibrous root was approximately 2.24 times higher than that in the main root. Further research indicated that the ginsenoside content in American ginseng with abnormal characteristics (physical deformity caused by disease and discolouration) is similar to that in the normal plant. Interestingly, a positive correlation was observed between the main root diameter and total ginsenoside content, whereas a negative correlation was observed between the main root length and total ginsenoside content. Our comprehensive study revealed that all parts of American ginseng, including the main root with abnormal characteristics, possess medicinal or economic value. Therefore, our results provide feasible evidence to further explore the potential application of American ginseng.
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New 12,23-Epoxydammarane Type Saponins Obtained from Panax notoginseng Leaves and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173784. [PMID: 32825257 PMCID: PMC7504330 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new 12,23-epoxydammarane-type saponins, notoginsenosides NL-I (1) and NL-J (2), were isolated and identified from Panax notoginseng leaves through the combination of various chromatographies and extensive spectroscopic methods, as well as chemical reactions. Among them, notoginsenoside NL-J (2) had a new skeleton. Furthermore, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage model was used to identify the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity and mechanisms of compounds 1 and 2. Both of them exerted strong inhibition on nitric oxide (NO) productions in a concentration-dependent manner at 1, 10, and 25 μM. Moreover, these two compounds significantly decreased the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB/p65), and nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells.
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