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Ayabaktı S, Yavuz Kocaman A. Cytogenotoxic effects of venlafaxine hydrochloride on cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 43:192-199. [PMID: 30025480 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1486410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The potential genotoxic effect of venlafaxine hydrochloride (venlafaxine), an antidepressant drug-active ingredient, was investigated by using in vitro chromosome aberrations (CAs) and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assays in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). Mitotic index (MI) and cytokinesis-block proliferation index (CBPI) were also calculated to determine the cytotoxicity of this active drug. For this aim, the human PBLs were treated with 25, 50, and 100 µg/ml venlafaxine for 24 h and 48 h. The results of this study showed that venlafaxine significantly induced the formation of structural CA and MN for all concentrations (25, 50, and 100 µg/ml) and treatment periods (24 h and 48 h) when compared with the negative and the solvent control (except 25 µg/ml at 48 h for MN). In addition, the increases in the percentage of structural CA and MN were concentration-dependent for both treatment times. With regard to cell cycle kinetics, venlafaxine significantly decreased the MI at all concentrations, and also CBPI at the higher concentrations for both treatment times as compared to the control groups. The present results indicate for the first time that venlafaxine had significant clastogenic and cytotoxic effects at the tested concentrations (25, 50, and 100 µg/ml) in the human PBLs, in vitro; therefore, its excessive and careless use may pose a potential risk to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Ayabaktı
- Basic and Applied Sciences Institute, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Yavuz Kocaman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
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2
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Yi WEI, Xiang-Liang T, Yu Z, Bin L, Lian-Ju S, Chun-Lan L, Tao LIN, Da-Wei HE, Sheng-de WU, Guang-Hui WEI. DEHP exposure destroys blood-testis barrier (BTB) integrity of immature testes through excessive ROS-mediated autophagy. Genes Dis 2018; 5:263-274. [PMID: 30320191 PMCID: PMC6176266 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), is known to impair testicular functions and reproduction. However, its effects on immature testis Blood-testis barrier (BTB) and the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. We constructed a rat model to investigate the roles of autophagy in BTB toxicity induced by DEHP. Sprague–Dawley rats were developmentally exposed to 0, 250 and 500 mg/kg DEHP via intragastric administration from postnatal day (PND) 1 to PND 35. Testicular morphology, expressions of BTB junction proteins and autophagy related proteins were detected. In addition, expressions of oxidative stress markers were also analyzed. Our results demonstrated that developmental DEHP exposure induced decreasing organ coefficients of immature testes and severe testicular damage in histomorphology. The expressions of junctional proteins were down-regulated significantly after DEHP treatment. Intriguingly, DEHP simultaneously increased the number of autophagosomes and the levels of autophagy marker LC3-II and p62, suggesting that the accumulated autophagosomes resulted from impaired autophagy degradation. Moreover, the expressions of HO-1 and SOD levels remarkably decreased after DEHP exposure. Vitamins E and C could alleviate the DEHP-induced oxidative stress, reverse the autophagy defect and restore the BTB impairment. Taken together, DEHP exposure destroys immature testis blood-testis barrier (BTB) integrity through excessive ROS-mediated autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- W E I Yi
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Zhongshan 2RD, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, China
| | - Tang Xiang-Liang
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Zhongshan 2RD, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Zhongshan 2RD, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, China
| | - Liu Bin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China
| | - Shen Lian-Ju
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Zhongshan 2RD, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, China
| | - Long Chun-Lan
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Zhongshan 2RD, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, China
| | - L I N Tao
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Zhongshan 2RD, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China
| | - H E Da-Wei
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Zhongshan 2RD, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, China
| | - W U Sheng-de
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Zhongshan 2RD, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, China
| | - W E I Guang-Hui
- Department of Urology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Zhongshan 2RD, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Children Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, China
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3
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Mielke S, Taeger D, Weitmann K, Brüning T, Hoffmann W. Influence of quartz exposure on lung cancer types in cases of lymph node-only silicosis and lung silicosis in German uranium miners. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2018; 73:140-153. [PMID: 28443719 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2017.1322933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Inhaled crystalline quartz is a carcinogen. Analyses show differences in the distribution of lung cancer types depending on the status of silicosis. Using 2,524 lung tumor cases from the WISMUT autopsy repository database, silicosis was differentiated into cases without silicosis in lung parenchyma and its lymph nodes, with lymph node-only silicosis, or with lung silicosis including lymph node silicosis. The proportions of adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and small-cell lung carcinoma mortality for increasing quartz exposures were estimated in a multinomial logistic regression model. The relative proportions of the lung cancer subtypes in lymph node-only silicosis were more similar to lung silicosis than without any silicosis. The results support the hypothesis that quartz-related carcinogenesis in case of lymph node-only silicosis is more similar to that in lung silicosis than in without silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mielke
- a Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Dirk Taeger
- b Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA) , Bochum , Germany
| | - Kerstin Weitmann
- a Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- b Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA) , Bochum , Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoffmann
- a Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald , Greifswald , Germany
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4
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Wei Y, Cao XN, Tang XL, Shen LJ, Lin T, He DW, Wu SD, Wei GH. Urban fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure destroys blood–testis barrier (BTB) integrity through excessive ROS-mediated autophagy. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 28:302-319. [PMID: 29179619 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2017.1410743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wei
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi-Ning Cao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang-Liang Tang
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Lian-Ju Shen
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Da-Wei He
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Sheng-De Wu
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Guang-Hui Wei
- Department of Urology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Urogenital Development and Tissue Engineering, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics Chongqing, Chongqing, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China
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5
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Yanamala N, Kisin ER, Gutkin DW, Shurin MR, Harper M, Shvedova AA. Characterization of pulmonary responses in mice to asbestos/asbestiform fibers using gene expression profiles. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2017; 81:60-79. [PMID: 29279043 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1408201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Humans exposed to asbestos and/or asbestiform fibers are at high risk of developing many lung diseases including asbestosis, lung cancer, and malignant mesothelioma. However, the disease-causing potential and specific metabolic mechanisms and pathways associated with various asbestos/asbestiform fiber exposures triggering different carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic outcomes are still largely unknown. The aim of this this study was to investigate gene expression profiles and inflammatory responses to different asbestos/asbestiform fibers at the acute/sub-acute phase that may be related to delayed pathological outcomes observed at later time points. Mice were exposed to asbestos (crocidolite, tremolite asbestos), asbestiform fibers (erionite), and a low pathogenicity mineral fiber (wollastonite) using oropharyngeal aspiration. Similarities in inflammatory and tissue damage responses, albeit with quantitative differences, were observed at day 1 and 7 post treatment. Exposure to different fibers induced significant changes in regulation and release of a number of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. Comparative analysis of changes in gene regulation in the lung on day 7 post exposure were interpretable in the context of differential biological responses that were consistent with histopathological findings at days 7 and 56 post treatment. Our results noted differences in the magnitudes of pulmonary responses and gene regulation consistent with pathological alterations induced by exposures to four asbestos/asbestiform fibers examined. Further comparative mechanistic studies linking early responses with the long-term endpoints may be instrumental to understanding triggering mechanisms underlying pulmonary carcinogenesis, that is lung cancer versus mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena R Kisin
- a Exposure Assessment Branch , NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Dmitriy W Gutkin
- b Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Michael R Shurin
- b Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Martin Harper
- a Exposure Assessment Branch , NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown , WV , USA
- c Zefon International, Inc. , Ocala , FL , USA
| | - Anna A Shvedova
- a Exposure Assessment Branch , NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown , WV , USA
- d Department Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience , School of Medicine, West Virginia University , Morgantown , WV , USA
- e Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University , Morgantown , WV , USA
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6
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Cao XN, Yan C, Liu DY, Peng JP, Chen JJ, Zhou Y, Long CL, He DW, Lin T, Shen LJ, Wei GH. Fine particulate matter leads to reproductive impairment in male rats by overexpressing phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway. Toxicol Lett 2015; 237:181-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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7
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Sack M, Alili L, Karaman E, Das S, Gupta A, Seal S, Brenneisen P. Combination of conventional chemotherapeutics with redox-active cerium oxide nanoparticles--a novel aspect in cancer therapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:1740-9. [PMID: 24825856 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-13-0950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is becoming an important field of biomedical and clinical research and the application of nanoparticles in disease may offer promising advances in treatment of many diseases, especially cancer. Malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of cancer and its incidence is rapidly increasing. Redox-active cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNP) are known to exhibit significant antitumor activity in cells derived from human skin tumors in vitro and in vivo, whereas CNP is nontoxic and beyond that even protective (antioxidative) in normal, healthy cells of the skin. As the application of conventional chemotherapeutics is associated with harmful side effects on healthy cells and tissues, the clinical use is restricted. In this study, we addressed the question of whether CNP supplement a classical chemotherapy, thereby enhancing its efficiency without additional damage to normal cells. The anthracycline doxorubicin, one of the most effective cancer drugs, was chosen as reference for a classical chemotherapeutic agent in this study. Herein, we show that CNP enhance the antitumor activity of doxorubicin in human melanoma cells. Synergistic effects on cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species generation, and oxidative damage in tumor cells were observed after co-incubation. In contrast to doxorubicin, CNP do not cause DNA damage and even protect human dermal fibroblasts from doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity. A combination of classical chemotherapeutics with nongenotoxic but antitumor active CNP may provide a new strategy against cancer by improving therapeutic outcome and benefit for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Sack
- Authors' Affiliations: Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düesseldorf, Germany; and
| | - Lirija Alili
- Authors' Affiliations: Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düesseldorf, Germany; and
| | - Elif Karaman
- Authors' Affiliations: Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düesseldorf, Germany; and
| | - Soumen Das
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Nanoscience and Technology Center (NSTC), Mechanical, Materials, and Aerospace Engineering (MMAE), University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Ankur Gupta
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Nanoscience and Technology Center (NSTC), Mechanical, Materials, and Aerospace Engineering (MMAE), University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Sudipta Seal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Nanoscience and Technology Center (NSTC), Mechanical, Materials, and Aerospace Engineering (MMAE), University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Peter Brenneisen
- Authors' Affiliations: Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düesseldorf, Germany; and
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8
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Mahmoudi M, Hofmann H, Rothen-Rutishauser B, Petri-Fink A. Assessing the in vitro and in vivo toxicity of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Chem Rev 2011; 112:2323-38. [PMID: 22216932 DOI: 10.1021/cr2002596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Mahmoudi
- Laboratory of Powder Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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9
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Broaddus VC, Everitt JI, Black B, Kane AB. Non-neoplastic and neoplastic pleural endpoints following fiber exposure. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2011; 14:153-78. [PMID: 21534088 PMCID: PMC3118521 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2011.556049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to asbestos fibers is associated with non-neoplastic pleural diseases including plaques, fibrosis, and benign effusions, as well as with diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma. Translocation and retention of fibers are fundamental processes in understanding the interactions between the dose and dimensions of fibers retained at this anatomic site and the subsequent pathological reactions. The initial interaction of fibers with target cells in the pleura has been studied in cellular models in vitro and in experimental studies in vivo. The proposed biological mechanisms responsible for non-neoplastic and neoplastic pleural diseases and the physical and chemical properties of asbestos fibers relevant to these mechanisms are critically reviewed. Understanding mechanisms of asbestos fiber toxicity may help us anticipate the problems from future exposures both to asbestos and to novel fibrous materials such as nanotubes. Gaps in our understanding have been outlined as guides for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brad Black
- Center for Asbestos Related Disease, Libby, Montana
| | - Agnes B. Kane
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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10
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Huang SXL, Jaurand MC, Kamp DW, Whysner J, Hei TK. Role of mutagenicity in asbestos fiber-induced carcinogenicity and other diseases. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2011; 14:179-245. [PMID: 21534089 PMCID: PMC3118525 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2011.556051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The cellular and molecular mechanisms of how asbestos fibers induce cancers and other diseases are not well understood. Both serpentine and amphibole asbestos fibers have been shown to induce oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, cellular toxicity and tissue injuries, genetic changes, and epigenetic alterations in target cells in vitro and tissues in vivo. Most of these mechanisms are believe to be shared by both fiber-induced cancers and noncancerous diseases. This article summarizes the findings from existing literature with a focus on genetic changes, specifically, mutagenicity of asbestos fibers. Thus far, experimental evidence suggesting the involvement of mutagenesis in asbestos carcinogenicity is more convincing than asbestos-induced fibrotic diseases. The potential contributions of mutagenicity to asbestos-induced diseases, with an emphasis on carcinogenicity, are reviewed from five aspects: (1) whether there is a mutagenic mode of action (MOA) in fiber-induced carcinogenesis; (2) mutagenicity/carcinogenicity at low dose; (3) biological activities that contribute to mutagenicity and impact of target tissue/cell type; (4) health endpoints with or without mutagenicity as a key event; and finally, (5) determinant factors of toxicity in mutagenicity. At the end of this review, a consensus statement of what is known, what is believed to be factual but requires confirmation, and existing data gaps, as well as future research needs and directions, is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah X. L. Huang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marie-Claude Jaurand
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), Paris, France
| | - David W. Kamp
- Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - John Whysner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tom K. Hei
- Address correspondence to Tom K. Hei, Center for Radiological Research, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University. 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA. E-mail:
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Knoll L, Felten MK, Ackermann D, Kraus T. Non-response bias in a surveillance program for asbestos-related lung cancer. J Occup Health 2010; 53:16-22. [PMID: 21079373 DOI: 10.1539/joh.l10061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In a cohort study non-response might lead to a biased selection of cohort members and may affect the validity and reliability of the study outcome. To detect the possible effects of a non-response bias on study results, we evaluated the reasons for non-participation and the differences of respondents and non-respondents in a health surveillance program for power industry workers, formerly exposed to asbestos. METHODS A cohort of former power plant workers was formed to participate in an early detection program for lung cancer. We evaluated the results of 1,019 individuals (mean age 66 yr), of which 839 took part in at least one examination, 180 refused to participate or did not respond. To obtain the reasons for non-response, we interviewed the cohort members by telephone or we requested them by mail to complete and return a brief questionnaire. Further sources of information were the communal registration offices and local health offices. RESULTS The main reasons for non-participation were refusal (35%), illness (23.3%), death (16.7%) and difficulties with traveling (13.3%). It was impossible to make contact with or obtain an explanation from 11.7%. In a logistic regression model we demonstrated that advanced age and a long travel distance from the study center negatively affected the participation rate (p<0.001). There was no difference between respondents and non-respondents regarding prevalence (p=0.559) and incidence of lung cancer (p=0.882). CONCLUSION We concluded that in our cohort non-participation did not cause a selection bias in terms of lung cancer rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Knoll
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Germany.
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12
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Ale-Agha N, Albrecht C, Klotz LO. Loss of gap junctional intercellular communication in rat lung epithelial cells exposed to carbon or silica-based nanoparticles. Biol Chem 2010; 391:1333-9. [DOI: 10.1515/bc.2010.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether fine and ultrafine carbon black (fC and ufC), and fine and ultrafine silica (fS, ufS) particles affect gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in rat lung epithelial cells. Exposure of cells to subcytotoxic doses of ufC, fS and ufS resulted in a 63%, 59% and 77% reduction of GJIC, respectively, as determined in a dye transfer assay. In contrast to ufC, fC did not significantly alter GJIC. Changes in subcellular localization of the major gap junction protein in RLE cells, connexin-43 (Cx43), and of β-catenin were observed in cells exposed to ufC, fS or ufS. The loss of GJIC was counteracted by N-acetyl cysteine and was largely prevented by specific inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor-dependent signaling, pointing to the crucial role of two known major mediators of nanoparticle action, namely reactive oxygen species and membrane-receptor signaling, in particle-induced modulation of GJIC.
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13
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Patlolla A, Patlolla B, Tchounwou P. Evaluation of cell viability, DNA damage, and cell death in normal human dermal fibroblast cells induced by functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 338:225-32. [PMID: 20016928 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 12/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are an example of a carbon-based nanomaterial that has won enormous popularity in nanotechnology. Due to their unusual one-dimensional hollow nanostructure and unique physicochemical properties, they are highly desirable for use within the commercial, environmental, and medical sectors. Despite their wide application, there is a lack of information concerning their impact on human health and the environment. While nanotechnology looms large with commercial promise and potential benefit, an equally large issue is the evaluation of potential effects on humans and other biological systems. Our research is focused on cellular response to purified functionalized MWCNT in normal human dermal fibroblast cells. Three exposure concentrations (40, 200, and 400 microg/ml) of functionalized MWCNT and control (Tween-80 + 0.9% saline) were used in this study. Following exposure to MWCNT, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and apoptosis assays were performed using standard protocols. Our results demonstrated a dose-dependent toxicity with functionalized MWCNT. It was found to be toxic and induced massive loss of cell viability through DNA damage and programmed cell death of all doses compared to control. Our results demonstrate that carbon nanotubes indeed can be very toxic at sufficiently high concentrations from environmental and occupational exposure and that careful monitoring of toxicity studies is essential for risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Patlolla
- Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, NIH-Center for Environmental Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA.
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14
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Shubayev VI, Pisanic TR, Jin S. Magnetic nanoparticles for theragnostics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2009; 61:467-77. [PMID: 19389434 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 600] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Engineered magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) represent a cutting-edge tool in medicine because they can be simultaneously functionalized and guided by a magnetic field. Use of MNPs has advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), guided drug and gene delivery, magnetic hyperthermia cancer therapy, tissue engineering, cell tracking and bioseparation. Integrative therapeutic and diagnostic (i.e., theragnostic) applications have emerged with MNP use, such as MRI-guided cell replacement therapy or MRI-based imaging of cancer-specific gene delivery. However, mounting evidence suggests that certain properties of nanoparticles (e.g., enhanced reactive area, ability to cross cell and tissue barriers, resistance to biodegradation) amplify their cytotoxic potential relative to molecular or bulk counterparts. Oxidative stress, a 3-tier paradigm of nanotoxicity, manifests in activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (tier I), followed by a proinflammatory response (tier II) and DNA damage leading to cellular apoptosis and mutagenesis (tier III). Invivo administered MNPs are quickly challenged by macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system (RES), resulting in not only neutralization of potential MNP toxicity but also reduced circulation time necessary for MNP efficacy. We discuss the role of MNP size, composition and surface chemistry in their intracellular uptake, biodistribution, macrophage recognition and cytotoxicity, and review current studies on MNP toxicity, caveats of nanotoxicity assessments and engineering strategies to optimize MNPs for biomedical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica I Shubayev
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0629, USA.
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Albrecht C, Höhr D, Haberzettl P, Becker A, Borm PJA, Schins RPF. Surface-Dependent Quartz Uptake by Macrophages: Potential Role in Pulmonary Inflammation and Lung Clearance. Inhal Toxicol 2008; 19 Suppl 1:39-48. [PMID: 17886049 DOI: 10.1080/08958370701492979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Inhalation of quartz particles is associated with a variety of adverse lung effects. Since particle surface is considered to be crucial for particle pathogenicity, we investigated the influence of quartz surface properties on lung burden, inflammation (bronchoalveolar lavage cells), and cytotoxicity (protein, lactate dehydrogenase, beta-glucuronidase) 90 days after a single intratracheal instillation of 2 mg DQ12 into rats. The role of particle surface characteristics was investigated by comparative investigation of native versus surface-modified quartz, using polyvinylpyridine N-oxide (PVNO) or aluminum lactate (AL) coating. Uptake and subcellular localization of quartz samples as well as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha release were determined using NR8383 rat alveolar macrophages. Surface modification of quartz particles resulted in marked in vivo and in vitro changes. Compared to native quartz, modified quartz samples showed lower lung burden at 90 days, as well as decreased inflammatory and cytotoxic responses. Coating with polyvinylpyridine N-oxide (PVNO) appeared to be more effective than aluminium lactate (AL). PVNO-coating of quartz also resulted in an enhanced particle uptake by macrophages up to 24 h, whereas AL coating caused a transient reduction of quartz uptake at 2 h. At 24 h differences with the native quartz were absent. Subcellular localization of quartz particles was not affected by surface modifications. However, surface modification resulted in a reduced release of TNF-alpha. In conclusion, surface properties of quartz particles appear to be crucial for rate and extent of in vitro particle uptake in macrophages. Our in vivo findings also indicate that quartz surface properties may affect clearance kinetics. Particle surface-specific interactions between quartz and macrophages may therefore play a major role in the pulmonary pathogenicity of quartz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrin Albrecht
- Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung an der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany.
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16
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Morfeld P, Albrecht C, Drommer W, Borm PJA. Dose-Response and Threshold Analysis of Tumor Prevalence after Intratracheal Instillation of Six Types of Low- and High-Surface-Area Particles in a Chronic Rat Experiment. Inhal Toxicol 2008; 18:215-25. [DOI: 10.1080/08958370500444320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Muller J, Decordier I, Hoet PH, Lombaert N, Thomassen L, Huaux F, Lison D, Kirsch-Volders M. Clastogenic and aneugenic effects of multi-wall carbon nanotubes in epithelial cells. Carcinogenesis 2008; 29:427-33. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgm243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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18
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Canu IG, Ellis ED, Tirmarche M. Cancer risk in nuclear workers occupationally exposed to uranium-emphasis on internal exposure. HEALTH PHYSICS 2008; 94:1-17. [PMID: 18091147 DOI: 10.1097/01.hp.0000281195.63082.e3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Workers involved in the nuclear fuel cycle have a potential for internal exposure to uranium. The present review of epidemiological studies of these workers aims to elucidate the relationship between occupational internal uranium exposure and cancer risk. Eighteen cohort and 5 nested case-control studies published since 1980 are reviewed. Workers occupationally exposed to uranium appear to be at increased risk of mortality from neoplasms of the lung, larynx, and lymphatic and haematopoietic tissue. Currently available evidence for a positive association between internal exposure to uranium and the risk of cancer is limited. The common weaknesses in reviewed studies include low statistical power and inaccurate assessment of internal exposure to uranium. Further investigations should focus on precise assessment of occupational exposure and address the issue of potential confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Guseva Canu
- Radiobiolgy and Epidemiology Department, Institute of Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety, France.
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19
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Li H, van Berlo D, Shi T, Speit G, Knaapen AM, Borm PJA, Albrecht C, Schins RPF. Curcumin protects against cytotoxic and inflammatory effects of quartz particles but causes oxidative DNA damage in a rat lung epithelial cell line. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2007; 227:115-24. [PMID: 18001810 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2007.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2007] [Revised: 09/28/2007] [Accepted: 10/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inhalation of high concentrations of respirable quartz particles has been implicated in various lung diseases including lung fibrosis and cancer. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress is considered a major mechanism of quartz toxicity. Curcumin, a yellow pigment from Curcuma longa, has been considered as nutraceutical because of its strong anti-inflammatory, antitumour and antioxidant properties. The aim of our present study was to investigate whether curcumin can protect lung epithelial cells from the cytotoxic, genotoxic and inflammatory effects associated with quartz (DQ12) exposure. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements using the spin-trap DMPO demonstrated that curcumin reduces hydrogen peroxide-dependent hydroxyl-radical formation by quartz. Curcumin was also found to reduce quartz-induced cytotoxicity and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) mRNA expression in RLE-6TN rat lung epithelial cells (RLE). Curcumin also inhibited the release of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) from RLE cells as observed upon treatment with interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha). However, curcumin failed to protect the RLE cells from oxidative DNA damage induced by quartz, as shown by formamidopyrimidine glycosylase (FPG)-modified comet assay and by immunocytochemistry for 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine. In contrast, curcumin was found to be a strong inducer of oxidative DNA damage itself at non-cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory concentrations. In line with this, curcumin also enhanced the mRNA expression of the oxidative stress response gene heme oxygenase-1 (ho-1). Curcumin also caused oxidative DNA damage in NR8383 rat alveolar macrophages and A549 human lung epithelial cells. Taken together, these observations indicate that one should be cautious in considering the potential use of curcumin in the prevention or treatment of lung diseases associated with quartz exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Institut für umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) at the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf gGmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany
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20
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Crespim H, Azevedo MFP, David LH, Cassu SN, Lourenço VL. Substituição de amianto por silicato de alumínio e grafite expansível em compósito de poliuretano utilizado em motor-foguete. POLIMEROS 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-14282007000300012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Compósitos de poliuretano e amianto (liner) são utilizados como revestimento interno em paredes de motor-foguete, conferindo proteção térmica e garantindo a adesão entre o propelente e as paredes do motor. No entanto, o uso do amianto tem sido restringido devido à sua toxidade. No presente trabalho, o amianto foi substituído por um silicato de alumínio hidratado (SA) e pelo grafite expansível (GE) em diferentes teores no liner. Resultados de análise termogravimétrica (TG) mostraram que a estabilidade térmica do liner praticamente não é afetada pela substituição das cargas, embora a energia de ativação (Ea) obtida para a decomposição tenha mudado, mostrando maiores valores para as amostras contendo as cargas SA e GE. A análise termomecânica (TMA) mostrou que o coeficiente de expansão térmica linear do liner contendo SA foi menor que aquele encontrado para o liner contendo amianto. O liner contendo a carga SA também apresentou os maiores valores de tensão nos testes mecânicos de tração.
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21
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Li H, Haberzettl P, Albrecht C, Höhr D, Knaapen AM, Borm PJA, Schins RPF. Inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory chain function abrogates quartz induced DNA damage in lung epithelial cells. Mutat Res 2006; 617:46-57. [PMID: 17239409 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2006.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2006] [Revised: 11/07/2006] [Accepted: 12/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Respirable quartz dust has been classified as a human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The aim of our study was to investigate the mechanisms of DNA damage by DQ12 quartz in RLE-6TN rat lung epithelial type II cells (RLE). Transmission electron microscopy and flow-cytometry analysis showed a rapid particle uptake (30 min to 4 h) of quartz by the RLE cells, but particles were not found within the cell nuclei. This suggests that DNA strand breakage and induction of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine - as also observed in these cells during these treatment intervals - did not result from direct physical interactions between particles and DNA, or from short-lived particle surface-derived reactive oxygen species. DNA damage by quartz was significantly reduced in the presence of the mitochondrial inhibitors rotenone and antimycin-A. In the absence of quartz, these inhibitors did not affect DNA damage, but they reduced cellular oxygen consumption. No signs of apoptosis were observed by quartz. Flow-cytometry analysis indicated that the reduced DNA damage by rotenone was not due to a possible mitochondria-mediated reduction of particle uptake by the RLE cells. Further proof of concept for the role of mitochondria was shown by the failure of quartz to elicit DNA damage in mitochondria-depleted 143B (rho-0) osteosarcoma cells, at concentrations where it elicited DNA damage in the parental 143B cell line. In conclusion, our data show that respirable quartz particles can elicit oxidative DNA damage in vitro without entering the nuclei of type II cells, which are considered to be important target cells in quartz carcinogenesis. Furthermore, our observations indicate that such indirect DNA damage involves the mitochondrial electron transport chain function, by an as-yet-to-be elucidated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Institut für umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) at Heinrich-Heine-University, Auf'm Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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22
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Sydlik U, Bierhals K, Soufi M, Abel J, Schins RPF, Unfried K. Ultrafine carbon particles induce apoptosis and proliferation in rat lung epithelial cells via specific signaling pathways both using EGF-R. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2006; 291:L725-33. [PMID: 16751223 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00131.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis and proliferation are important causes of adverse health effects induced by inhaled ultrafine particles. The molecular mechanisms of particle cell interactions mediating these end points are therefore a major topic of current particle toxicology and molecular preventive medicine. Initial studies revealed that ultrafine particles induce apoptosis and proliferation in parallel in rat lung epithelial cells, dependent on time and dosage. With these end points, two antagonistic reactions seem to be induced by the same extracellular stimulus. It was therefore investigated whether proliferation is induced directly by the particles or as a compensation of particle-caused cell death. Experimental conditions excluding compensatory proliferation demonstrated that both end points are induced independently by specific signaling pathways. Events eliciting signaling cascades leading to apoptosis and proliferation were studied with specific inhibitors of membrane receptors. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) kinase activity was identified as essential for apoptosis as well as for proliferation. As ultrafine particle-induced proliferation alone was dependent on the activation of beta1-integrins, these membrane receptors are suggested to mediate the specificity of EGF-R signaling concerning the decision as to whether apoptosis or proliferation is triggered. Accordingly, MAP kinase signaling downstream of EGF-R showed comparable specificity with regard to receptor-dependent induction of apoptosis and proliferation. As key mediators of signaling cascades, the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 proved to be specific for proliferation in a beta1-integrin-dependent manner, whereas phosphorylation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases 1 and 2 was correlated with the induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Sydlik
- Toxicology Research, Institut für umweltmedizinische Forschung, der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Germany
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23
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Taeger D, Fritsch A, Wiethege T, Johnen G, Eisenmenger A, Wesch H, Ko Y, Stier S, Michael Muller K, Bruning T, Pesch B. Role of exposure to radon and silicosis on the cell type of lung carcinoma in German uranium miners. Cancer 2006; 106:881-9. [PMID: 16411224 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.21677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In East Germany, uranium mining was undertaken on a large scale from 1946 to 1990. Poor working conditions led to a high level of exposure to ionizing radiation and quartz dust. This analysis evaluates the histopathology of lung carcinoma in uranium miners in relation to radon exposure and silicosis. METHODS A database developed for autopsy cases ascertained in a pathological tissue repository of German uranium miners was used to estimate odds ratios for developing lung carcinoma by major cell type with regard to radon exposure and silicosis. Silicosis information was extracted from autopsy protocols. Working level months (WLM) were calculated with a job-exposure matrix to assess lifetime radon exposure. Risk estimates were based on 3414 male miners who died from small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC, n = 1446), squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC, n = 1006), or adenocarcinoma (AC, n = 962) between 1957 and 1990. RESULTS SCLC and SqCC seem more likely to be associated with high radon exposure than AC. Mean cumulative radon exposure was 868 (SD 631) WLM in SCLC, 871 (SD 652) WLM in SqCC, and 743 (SD 598) WLM in AC. Silicosis prevalence was 26% in SCLC, 38% in SqCC, and 30% in AC. In silicotics, AC and SqCC had a relatively higher frequency at the expense of SCLC. SCLC occurred earlier than AC and SqCC. CONCLUSION High radon exposure was associated with a higher relative frequency of SCLC and SqCC than AC. Silicosis tended to increase the appearance of SqCC and AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Taeger
- Berufsgenossenschaftliches Forschungsinstitut fur Arbeitsmedizin (BGFA), Institute of Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany.
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24
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Albrecht C, Knaapen AM, Becker A, Höhr D, Haberzettl P, van Schooten FJ, Borm PJA, Schins RPF. The crucial role of particle surface reactivity in respirable quartz-induced reactive oxygen/nitrogen species formation and APE/Ref-1 induction in rat lung. Respir Res 2005; 6:129. [PMID: 16266428 PMCID: PMC1291407 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-6-129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2005] [Accepted: 11/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent inflammation and associated excessive oxidative stress have been crucially implicated in quartz-induced pulmonary diseases, including fibrosis and cancer. We have investigated the significance of the particle surface reactivity of respirable quartz dust in relation to the in vivo generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and the associated induction of oxidative stress responses in the lung. Therefore, rats were intratracheally instilled with 2 mg quartz (DQ12) or quartz whose surface was modified by either polyvinylpyridine-N-oxide (PVNO) or aluminium lactate (AL). Seven days after instillation, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analysed for markers of inflammation (total/differential cell counts), levels of pulmonary oxidants (H2O2, nitrite), antioxidant status (trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity), as well as for markers of lung tissue damage, e.g. total protein, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase. Lung homogenates as well as sections were investigated regarding the induction of the oxidative DNA-lesion/oxidative stress marker 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) using HPLC/ECD analysis and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Homogenates and sections were also investigated for the expression of the bifunctional apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease/redox factor-1 (APE/Ref-1) by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Significantly increased levels of H2O2 and nitrite were observed in rats treated with non-coated quartz, when compared to rats that were treated with either saline or the surface-modified quartz preparations. In the BALF, there was a strong correlation between the number of macrophages and ROS, as well as total cells and RNS. Although enhanced oxidant generation in non-coated DQ12-treated rats was paralleled with an increased total antioxidant capacity in the BALF, these animals also showed significantly enhanced lung tissue damage. Remarkably however, elevated ROS levels were not associated with an increase in 8-OHdG, whereas the lung tissue expression of APE/Ref-1 protein was clearly up-regulated. The present data provide further in vivo evidence for the crucial role of particle surface properties in quartz dust-induced ROS/RNS generation by recruited inflammatory phagocytes. Our results also demonstrate that quartz dust can fail to show steady-state enhanced oxidative DNA damage in the respiratory tract, in conditions were it elicits a marked and persistent inflammation with associated generation of ROS/RNS, and indicate that this may relate to compensatory induction of APE/Ref-1 mediated base excision repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrin Albrecht
- Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) at the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ad M Knaapen
- Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) at the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
- Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Department of Health Risk Analysis and Toxicology, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Becker
- Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) at the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Doris Höhr
- Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) at the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Petra Haberzettl
- Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) at the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Frederik J van Schooten
- Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Department of Health Risk Analysis and Toxicology, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul JA Borm
- Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) at the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roel PF Schins
- Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) at the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
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25
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Dika Nguea H, Rihn B, Mahon D, Bernard JL, De Reydellet A, Le Faou A. Effects of various man-made mineral fibers on cell apoptosis and viability. Arch Toxicol 2005; 79:487-92. [PMID: 15856181 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-005-0661-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2004] [Accepted: 01/24/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Evaluating the pathogenic potentials of man-made mineral fibers (MMMF) is an important task performed by the European Community. Noting that it has been proposed that the use of laboratory animals for scientific tests should be reduced or phased out, macrophages then become the cells of choice for conducting in vitro studies. We have evaluated the in vitro toxicity of six commercial stonewool fibers (A, B1, B2, C, D, and E) on U-937 cells. The physical interaction between U-937 cells and MMMF was observed using scanning electron microscopy, and the cytotoxicity was evaluated by studying cell viability using MTT assay and cell apoptosis with an ELISA detection kit. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis has shown that long fibers can be covered by several macrophages, and that a small fiber can be completely engulfed by one cell. With 50 microg/mL of MMMF, a decrease in cell viability appeared after seven days of incubation, whereas 200 microg/mL induced loss of viability and apoptosis after one day. Fiber D, comprising a high proportion of fibers >20 microm in length and a high concentration of MgO, induced the highest loss in viability and the highest rate of apoptosis compared to the other five fibers. Whether this toxic effect is related to either the physical characteristics of the fibers (such as length), or to the high concentration of magnesium is still to be determined. Because the results can be rapidly obtained, the proposed model is suitable for studying the toxicities of mineral components, even if the tested concentrations are far from the ones reached in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermine Dika Nguea
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie, Faculté de Médecine de Nancy, Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS-UHP, 7565, BP 184, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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