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Agbevanu KT, Debrah SK, Arthur EM, Shitsi E. Liquid metal cooled fast reactor thermal hydraulic research development: A review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16580. [PMID: 37287616 PMCID: PMC10241851 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing interest in fast reactors demands further innovative technologies to enhance their safety and reliability. Understanding thermal hydraulic activities required for advanced reactor technology in design and development is key. However, knowledge of Heavy Liquid Metal (HLM) coolants technology is not mature. The liquid metal-cooled facilities are required experimental platforms for studying HLM technology. As such, efficient thermal hydraulic experimental result is important in the accurate validation of numerical results. In this vein, there is a need to closely review existing thermo-hydraulic studies in HLM test facilities and the test sections. This review aims to assess existing Lead-cooled Fast Reactor (LFR) research facilities, numerical and validation works and Liquid Metal-cooled Fast Reactor (LMFR) databases around the world in the last two decades. Thus, recent thermal hydraulic research studies on experimental facilities and numerical research that support the design and development of LFRs are discussed. This review paper highlights thermal hydraulic issues and developmental objectives of HLM, briefly describes experimental facilities, experimental campaigns and numerical activities, and identifies research key findings, achievements and future research direction in HLM cooled reactors. This review will enhance knowledge and improve advanced nuclear reactor technology that ensures a sustainable, secure, clean and safe energy future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kafui Tsoeke Agbevanu
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box AE1, Kwabenya, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Computer Science, Ho Technical University, P. O. Box HP 217, Ho, Ghana
| | - Seth Kofi Debrah
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box AE1, Kwabenya, Accra, Ghana
- Nuclear Power Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Maurice Arthur
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box AE1, Kwabenya, Accra, Ghana
- Nuclear Power Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Edward Shitsi
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box AE1, Kwabenya, Accra, Ghana
- Nuclear Research Centre, National Nuclear Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, P.O. Box LG 80, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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Lee J, Junk M, Skorek T, Josef Schöffel P. Improvement of entrainment model for horizontal flow in ATHLET and application to Mantilla experiment and TPTF. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2022.112066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gorton JP, Sweeney DC, Petrie CM, McDuffee JL. Simulation of natural circulation cartridge loop experiments and application to molten salt reactors. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2022.111767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Shin SG, Lee JI. Comparative Study of Constitutive Relations Implemented in RELAP5 and TRACE – Part I: Methodology & Wall Friction. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2022.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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D’Auria F, Bestion D. Nuclear Thermal-Hydraulic Phenomena: Bases and Challenges. NUCL TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00295450.2021.1997059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. D’Auria
- University of Pisa, DESTEC, GRNSPG-UNIPI, Pisa, Italy
| | - D. Bestion
- Retired expert, formerly at CEA, 22 Avenue de l’Europe, Saint Egreve 38120, France
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Xu H, Badea AF, Cheng X. Optimization of the Nodalization of Nuclear System Thermal-Hydraulic Code Applied on Primary Loop Benchmark. JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND RADIATION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4050770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In best estimate plus uncertainty approach for thermal-hydraulic simulation in nuclear engineering, a crucial step for the qualification of the scenario simulation is the discretization, i.e., the nodalization of nuclear power plants and related integral test facilities (ITFs). Since intermediate break loss-of-coolant accident (IBLOCA) simulation is getting more and more attention in this decade, we focused on the nodalization of an IBLOCA scenario—a primary loop (PKL) I2.2 benchmark delivered by the organization for economic cooperation and development PKL4-project—using the analyses of thermal-hydraulics for leaks and transients (ATHLET) code. This work followed mainly the nodalization methodology of Petruzzi and D'Auria, including both qualitative and quantitative criteria, being divided into three phases for component volume, steady-state, and transient, respectively. The authors used also some specific approaches: (1) for component volume qualification, a volume fractional parameter was introduced, considering not only the relative error of each component but also the volume fraction in the whole system (an 0.2% acceptability level was chosen for this parameter); (2) the experimental data were not used directly as a reference within the nodalization procedure but the calculated results delivered by the most refined nodalization. Based on the estimator of average amplitude in the fast Fourier transform-based method (FFTBM), the convergence, rationality, and an optimized result of nodalization in the simulation of an actual IBLOCA transient benchmark have been judged. After three phases of nodalization qualification, it has been proved that the final nodalization has the necessary degree of convergence for a good reproduction of the benchmark geometry, allowing the proper simulation of involved phenomena. Finally, a middle-refined nodalization was found as being optimal, fulfilling the convergence criteria with a reasonable central processing unit time consumption. The nodalization scheme in this work was not seen as being the single factor influencing the simulated results, but just as a prerequisite to allow further reliable improvements on the models used by ATHLET (aspects not referred to in this particular study). Therefore, the simulated results presented here will match the experimental ones only as general trends; improvements may be further achieved by using new and more precise models (e.g., for critical mass flow, heat transfer, countercurrent flow, etc.) in the system thermal-hydraulic code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xu
- Institute for Applied Thermofluidics (IATF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Aurelian Florin Badea
- Institute for Applied Thermofluidics (IATF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Xu Cheng
- Institute for Applied Thermofluidics (IATF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
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Song CH, No HC, Kim JH. Progress in light water reactor thermal-hydraulics research in Korea. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2020.110964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lanfredini M, Bestion D, D'Auria F, Aksan N, Fillion P, Gaillard P, Heo J, Karppinen I, Kim K, Kurki J, Liu L, Shen A, Vacher JL, Wang D. Critical flow prediction by system codes – Recent analyses made within the FONESYS network. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2020.110731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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D'Auria F, Lanfredini M. V&V&C in nuclear reactor thermal-hydraulics. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2019.110162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hyperbolicity and numerics in SYS-TH codes: The FONESYS point of view. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2017.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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