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Xia T, Liu Y, Lu Z, Yu H. Natural Coumarin Shows Toxicity to Spodoptera litura by Inhibiting Detoxification Enzymes and Glycometabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13177. [PMID: 37685985 PMCID: PMC10488291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Coumarin and its derivatives are plant-derived compounds that exhibit potent insecticidal properties. In this study, we found that natural coumarin significantly inhibited the growth and development of Spodoptera litura larvae through toxicological assay. By transcriptomic sequencing, 80 and 45 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to detoxification were identified from 0 to 24 h and 24 to 48 h in S. litura after coumarin treatment, respectively. Enzyme activity analysis showed that CYP450 and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities significantly decreased at 48 h after coumarin treatment, while glutathione S-transferases (GST) activity increased at 24 h. Silencing of SlCYP324A16 gene by RNA interference significantly increased S. litura larval mortality and decreased individual weight after treatment with coumarin. Additionally, the expression levels of DEGs involved in glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were inhibited at 24 h after coumarin treatment, while their expression levels were upregulated at 48 h. Furthermore, metabonomics analysis identified 391 differential metabolites involved in purine metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and TCA cycle from 0 to 24 h after treated with coumarin and 352 differential metabolites associated with ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and amino acid metabolism. These results provide an in-depth understanding of the toxicological mechanism of coumarin on S. litura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341003, China; (T.X.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341003, China; (T.X.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhanjun Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341003, China; (T.X.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.)
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341003, China
| | - Haizhong Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341003, China; (T.X.); (Y.L.); (Z.L.)
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341003, China
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Wang H, Xin T, Wang H, Wen K, Liu Y, Wang J, Zou Z, Zhong L, Xia B. Stress response and tolerance mechanisms of spirobudiclofen exposure based on multiomics in Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae). iScience 2023; 26:107111. [PMID: 37416453 PMCID: PMC10320506 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The toxicity of insecticides used in the field decreases gradually to sublethal concentrations over time. Therefore, it is necessary to study sublethal effects of pesticides for controlling population explosion. Panonychus citri is a global pest which control is based on insecticides. This study explores the stress responses of spirobudiclofen on the P. citri. Spirobudiclofen significantly inhibited survival and reproduction of P. citri, and the effects aggravated as concentration increased. The transcriptomes and metabolomes of spirobudiclofen-treated and control were compared to characterize spirobudiclofen molecular mechanism. Transcriptomics indicated stress induced by spirobudiclofen stimulated immune defense, antioxidative system, cuticle formation, and lipid metabolism, as deduced from RNA-seq analysis. Meanwhile, our study found that tolerance metabolism in P. citri was regulated by promoting the metabolism of glycerophospholipids, glycine, serine, and threonine. The results of this study can provide a basis for exploring the adaptation strategies of P. citri to spirobudiclofen stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P.R.China
| | - Tianrong Xin
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P.R.China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P.R.China
| | - Kexin Wen
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P.R.China
| | - Yimeng Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P.R.China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P.R.China
| | - Zhiwen Zou
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P.R.China
| | - Ling Zhong
- Nanchang Plant Protection and Inspection Bureau of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330096, P.R.China
| | - Bin Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P.R.China
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3
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Xu H, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Peng J, Gao Y, Li K, Chen J, Du J, Yan S, Zhang D, Zhou X, Shi X, Liu Y. Effects of insulin-like peptide 7 in Bemisia tabaci MED on tomato chlorosis virus transmission. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1508-1517. [PMID: 36533303 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is a semi-persistent plant virus that is primarily transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). It causes a serious disease that lowers tomato yield. Insulin-like peptide (ILP), an insulin homolog, regulates trehalose metabolism in a variety of insects. In a previous study, we discovered that trehalose metabolism is required for whiteflies to transmit ToCV effectively. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing revealed that the BtILP7 gene was highly expressed in B. tabaci infected with ToCV. Therefore, the whitefly ILP7 gene may facilitate the transmission of ToCV and be an attractive target for the control of whiteflies and subsequently ToCV. RESULTS The ToCV content in B. tabaci MED was found to be correlated with BtILP7 gene expression. Subsequent RNA interference (RNAi) of the BtILP7 gene had a significant impact on B. tabaci MED's trehalose metabolism and reproductive capacity, as well as ability to transmit ToCV. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the BtILP7 gene was closely related to ToCV transmission by regulating trehalose metabolism and reproduction behavior, thus providing a secure and environmentally friendly management strategy for the control of whiteflies and ToCV-caused disease. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- HuiNan Xu
- Longping Branch, School of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - ZhanHong Zhang
- Institute of Vegetable, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - KaiLong Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jianbin Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jiao Du
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Shuo Yan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - DeYong Zhang
- Longping Branch, School of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - XuGuo Zhou
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - XiaoBin Shi
- Longping Branch, School of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Longping Branch, School of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
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Huang S, Zuo L, Cheng G, He Y, Zhang L, Han Q, Feng L. Design, synthesis and mechanism research of novel algicide based on bioactive fragments synthesis strategy. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:105344. [PMID: 36963926 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The frequency and intensity of harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HCBs) are increasing all over the world, their prevention and control have become a great challenge. In this paper, a series of 1,3,4-thiadiazole thioacetamides (T series) were designed and synthesized as potential algaecides. Among them, the compound T3 showed its best algacidal activity against Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (PCC 6803, EC50 = 1.51 μM) and Microcystis aeruginosa FACHB 905 (FACHB905, EC50 = 4.88 μM), which was more effective than the lead compound L1 (PCC6803, EC50 = 7.7 μM; FACHB905, EC50 = 8.8 μM) and the commercially available herbicide prometryn (PCC6803, EC50 = 4.64 μM;FACHB905, EC50 = 6.52 μM). Meanwhile, T3 showed a lower inhibitory activity (EC50 = 12.76 μM) than prometryn (EC50 = 7.98 μM) to Chlorella FACHB1227, indicating that T3 had selective inhibition to prokaryotic algae (PCC6803, FACHB905) and eukaryotic algae (FACHB1227). Furthermore, the algacidal and anti-algae activities of T3 were significantly better than those of prometryn, while the toxicity of zebrafish and human cells was less than prometryn. Electron microscope, physiological, biochemical and metabonomic analysis showed that T3 interfered with light absorption and light conversion during photosynthesis by significantly reducing chlorophyll content, thus inhibited metabolic pathways such as the Calvin cycle and TCA cycle, and eventually led to the cell rupture of cyanobacteria. These results afforded further development of effective and safe algaecides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Lingzi Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Guonian Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yanlin He
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Liexiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Qiang Han
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Lingling Feng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology (CCNU), Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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Yu HZ, Zhang Q, Lu ZJ, Deng MJ. Validamycin treatment significantly inhibits the glycometabolism and chitin synthesis in the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:840-854. [PMID: 34414659 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Validamycin, as a broadly applied antibiotic, has been used to control rice sheath blight disease. Furthermore, validamycin was considered as an insecticide to control agricultural pests. Insight into the mechanism of validamycin's action on insects can provide molecular targets for the control of agricultural pests. In this study, a toxicological test analysis revealed that Spodoptera litura larval growth and development was significantly inhibited and the pupation rate was significantly reduced with the increase of the concentration of validamycin. According to the NMR-based metabolomic analysis, a total of 15 metabolites involved in glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) pathways were identified. Additionally, trehalase activities, glucose and chitin contents were significantly downregulated, but the trehalose content was upregulated after exposure to validamycin. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR analysis revealed that the expression level of genes involved in glycolysis, TCA and chitin synthesis were upregulated after treating with validamycin. Further chitin staining also confirmed that chitin content was downregulated at 12 h after validamycin treatment. Our results indicated that validamycin worked via two different molecular mechanisms, one through inhibiting glycometabolism and the other by inhibiting chitin synthesis in S. litura. The information lays a theoretical foundation for further control of S. litura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Zhong Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhan-Jun Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
- National Navel Orange Engineering Research Center, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ming-Jie Deng
- Analytical and Testing Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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6
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Scolari F, Khamis FM, Pérez-Staples D. Beyond Sperm and Male Accessory Gland Proteins: Exploring Insect Reproductive Metabolomes. Front Physiol 2021; 12:729440. [PMID: 34690804 PMCID: PMC8529219 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.729440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Insect seminal fluid, the non-sperm component of the ejaculate, comprises a variegated set of molecules, including, but not limited to, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, salts, hormones, nucleic acids, and vitamins. The identity and functional role of seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) have been widely investigated, in multiple species. However, most of the other small molecules in insect ejaculates remain uncharacterized. Metabolomics is currently adopted to deepen our understanding of complex biological processes and in the last 15years has been applied to answer different physiological questions. Technological advances in high-throughput methods for metabolite identification such as mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are now coupled to an expanded bioinformatics toolbox for large-scale data analysis. These improvements allow for the processing of smaller-sized samples and for the identification of hundreds to thousands of metabolites, not only in Drosophila melanogaster but also in disease vectors, animal, and agricultural pests. In this review, we provide an overview of the studies that adopted metabolomics-based approaches in insects, with a particular focus on the reproductive tract (RT) of both sexes and the ejaculate. Progress in the field of metabolomics will contribute not only to achieve a deeper understanding of the composition of insect ejaculates and how they are affected by endogenous and exogenous factors, but also to provide increasingly powerful tools to decipher the identity and molecular interactions between males and females during and after mating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Scolari
- Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGM)-CNR "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Pavia, Italy
| | - Fathiya M Khamis
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Diana Pérez-Staples
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada (INBIOTECA), Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Mexico
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Huck DT, Klein MS, Meuti ME. Determining the effects of nutrition on the reproductive physiology of male mosquitoes. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 129:104191. [PMID: 33428881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition affects multiple aspects of insect physiology such as body size and fecundity, but we lack a detailed understanding of how nutrition influences the reproductive physiology of male insects such as mosquitoes. Given that female mosquitoes are vectors of many deadly diseases and can quickly proliferate, understanding how male nutrition impacts female fecundity could be of critical importance. To uncover the relationship between nutrition in adult male mosquitoes and its impacts on reproductive physiology, we reared larvae of the Northern house mosquito, Culex pipiens, on a standard lab diet and divided adult males among three different dietary treatments: low (3%), moderate (10%), and high (20%) sucrose. We found that although overall body size did not differ among treatments, one-week-old males raised on the 3% sucrose diet had significantly smaller male accessory glands (MAGs) compared to males that consumed the 10% and the 20% sucrose diets. Diet affected whole-body lipid content but did not affect whole-body protein content. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, we found that diet altered the metabolic composition of the MAGs, including changes in lactic acid, formic acid, and glucose. We also observed changes in protein and lipid abundance and composition in MAGs. Females who mated with males on the 3% diet were found to produce significantly fewer larvae than females who had mated with males on the 10% diet. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the diet of adult male mosquitoes clearly affects male reproductive physiology and female fecundity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek T Huck
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
| | - Matthias S Klein
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 2015 Fyffe Rd, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
| | - Megan E Meuti
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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Dai LS, Tian HF, Hang Y, Wen CW, Huang YH, Wang BF, Hu JW, Xu JP, Deng MJ. 1 H NMR-based metabonomic evaluation of the pesticides camptothecin and matrine against larvae of Spodoptera litura. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:208-216. [PMID: 32677739 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Camptothecin (CPT) and matrine (MAT) have potential as botanical pesticides against several pest species. However, the mechanisms of metabolic and physiological changes in pests induced by CPT and MAT are unknown. In this study, a toxicological test, an NMR-based metabolomic study, an enzymatic test, and an RT quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) experiment were all conducted to examine the effect of CPT and MAT on Spodoptera litura. RESULTS CPT (0.5-1%) exerted high toxicity against larvae of S. litura and caused growth stagnation and high mortality of larvae. A variety of metabolites were significantly influenced by 0.5% CPT, including several energy-related metabolites such as trehalose, lactate, succinate, citrate, malate, and fumarate. In contrast, MAT showed low toxicity against larvae and induced almost no changes in hemolymph metabolites of S. litura. Enzymatic tests showed that trehalase activity was significantly decreased in larvae after feeding with 0.5% CPT. RT-qPCR showed that the transcription levels of alanine aminotransferase, malate dehydrogenase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase were decreased while lactate dehydrogenase was increased in the 0.5% CPT-treated group. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that one of the important mechanisms of CPT against S. litura larvae is via the inhibition of trehalose hydrolysis and glycolysis. Our findings also suggest that CPT exhibits a stronger toxicological effect than MAT against S. litura, which provides basic information for the application of CPT in the control of S. litura or other lepidoptera pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Shang Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hui-Fei Tian
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yang Hang
- Biotechnology Center of Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chao-Wei Wen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ying-Hao Huang
- Renji College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bin-Feng Wang
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing-Wei Hu
- Biotechnology Center of Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jia-Ping Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ming-Jie Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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9
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Li P, Hu JW, Wen CW, Hang Y, Zhou ZH, Xie M, Lv JC, Wang CM, Huang YH, Xu JP, Deng MJ. Sanguinarine caused larval lethality and growth inhibition by suppressing energy metabolism in silkworms, Bombyx mori. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 160:154-162. [PMID: 31519250 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sanguinarine (Sang) is a natural alkaloid and distributed in several plants of Papaveraceae. The antitumor, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects of Sang were extensively reported, but its speciality and mechanism against Lepidoptera insects were still unknown. In this study, detailed toxicological parameters of Sang against silkworms, Bombyx mori (B. mori), were determined by a toxicological test. Then, a nuclear magnetic resonance-based (NMR) metabolomics method was adopted to analyze the changes in hemolymph metabolites of silkworms after feeding Sang. The growth of fourth-instar larvae was significantly ceased by the oral administration of 0.05-0.3% Sang and vast deaths appeared in 0.3% Sang group on Day 4 and Day 5. The quantitative analysis of metabolites indicated that trehalose and citrate levels in hemolymph were increased after 24 h of feeding 0.3% Sang, whereas the concentrations of pyruvate, succinate, malate and fumarate were decreased. In addition, the enzymatic determination and reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) showed that the trehalase (THL) activity and the transcriptional level of one gene coding THL were uniformly weakened by 0.3% Sang. One of the important mechanisms of Sang against silkworms might be interpreted as follows. Sang impaired trehalose hydrolysis, reduced THL activity and transcription, and led to the inhibition of energy metabolism, consequent antigrowth and high lethality in larvae of B. mori. Our findings offered new insights into the insecticidal effect of Sang from the perspective of energy metabolism and provided the basis for the application of Sang in the control of Lepidoptera pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Analysis and Testing Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing-Wei Hu
- Biotechnology Center of Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chao-Wei Wen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yang Hang
- Biotechnology Center of Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhuo-Hua Zhou
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Min Xie
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Lv
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chun-Meng Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ying-Hao Huang
- Renji College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jia-Ping Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Development Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China.
| | - Ming-Jie Deng
- Analysis and Testing Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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10
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Wang XY, Shao ZM, Zhang YJ, Vu TT, Wu YC, Xu JP, Deng MJ. A 1H NMR based study of hemolymph metabonomics in different resistant silkworms, Bombyx mori (Lepidotera), after BmNPV inoculation. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 117:103911. [PMID: 31279633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.103911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a primary silkworm pathogen, and the molecular mechanism of silkworm defense to BmNPV infection is still unclear. Herein, comparative metabolomics was adopted to analyze the variations in the hemolymph metabolites of different resistant silkworm strains following BmNPV inoculation using a 1H NMR method. Trehalose, as an instant source of energy, plays a crucial role in the response to pathogen infections in insects. The level of trehalose was persistently upregulated in the hemolymph of the resistant silkworm strain YeA following infection with BmNPV, compared to that of the susceptible strain YeB, indicating that trehalose metabolism plays a vital role in the response to BmNPV infection. The significant upregulation of TCA cycle relevant metabolites, including malate, fumarate, citrate, succinate, and α-ketoglutarate, was identified at 0 h, 12 h, 48 h, and 96 h post-infection in YeA hemolymph, whereas a significant upregulation in YeB hemolymph was only detected at an early stage of infection (0 h-24 h). The expression level of selected key metabolic enzymes, determined using RT-qPCR, validated the differences in trehalose and TCA cycle relevant metabolite levels. The variations in branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) pathway relevant metabolites in resistant silkworm strains following BmNPV infection showed a regular undulation at different times after infection. A significant accumulation of phenylalanine and tyrosine was observed in YeA following BmNPV infection compared to YeB. The glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathways showed a relatively low activity in YeA following BmNPV infection. Moreover, the levels of other metabolites related to fat metabolism, transamination, energy metabolism, and glycometabolism, such as glycine, threonine, glutamine, and glutamate, were unstable in the two silkworm strains following BmNPV infection. Thus, our study provides an overview of the metabolic response of the silkworm in response to BmNPV infection, which lays the foundation for clarifying the mechanism of silkworm resistance to BmNPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China; The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Zuo-Min Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Ying-Jian Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Thi Thuy Vu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Yang-Chun Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China; The Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Jia-Ping Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Development Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China.
| | - Ming-Jie Deng
- Analytical and Testing Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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