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Dye CK, Alschuler DM, Wu H, Duarte C, Monk C, Belsky DW, Lee S, O’Donnell K, Baccarelli AA, Scorza P. Maternal Adverse Childhood Experiences and Biological Aging During Pregnancy and in Newborns. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2427063. [PMID: 39120899 PMCID: PMC11316241 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.27063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), potentially traumatic experiences occurring before the age of 18 years, are associated with epigenetic aging later in life and may be transmitted across generations. Objective To test evidence of the transmission of biological embedding of life experience across generations by analyzing maternal ACEs and epigenetic clocks measured in mothers during pregnancy and in their children at birth. Design, Setting, and Participants For this cross-sectional study, data from the Accessible Resource for Integrated Epigenomic Studies (ARIES) substudy of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were analyzed. The ALSPAC study recruited 14 541 women who gave birth in the Avon Health District in the UK between April 1, 1991, and December 31, 1992. The ARIES substudy comprised 1018 mother-offspring dyads based on the availability of DNA samples profiled in 2014. Epigenetic age was estimated using DNA methylation-based epigenetic clocks (including Horvath, Hannum, GrimAge, PhenoAge, and DunedinPACE) in mothers during pregnancy and the Knight and Bohlin cord blood epigenetic clocks in newborns. Analyses were performed between October 1, 2022, and November 30, 2023. Exposures A composite measure of maternal ACEs was the primary exposure in both maternal and offspring models; as a secondary analysis, individual ACEs were measured separately. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to investigate depression during pregnancy as an exposure. Main Outcomes and Measures Changes in epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) were investigated as the primary outcome in maternal models during pregnancy. Changes in epigenetic gestational age acceleration (GAA) were the primary outcome in offspring analyses. Linear regression analyses were used to determine the association between maternal ACEs and both outcomes. Results This study included 883 mother-child dyads. The mean (SD) maternal age at delivery was 29.8 (4.3) years. Pregnant women with higher ACE scores exhibited higher GrimAge EAA (β, 0.22 [95% CI, 0.12 to 0.33] years; P < .001). Maternal ACEs were not associated with GAA in newborns using P < .05 as a cutoff to determine statistical significance. Depression was associated with higher GrimAge EAA (β, 0.06 [95% CI, 0.02 to 0.10] years; P = .01) in mothers during pregnancy, but not in newborns, and did not mediate the association between ACEs and EAA. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this study suggest that maternal ACEs may be associated with epigenetic aging later in life, including during pregnancy, supporting a role for maternal ACEs in offspring development and health later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian K. Dye
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | | | - Haotian Wu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Cristiane Duarte
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
| | - Catherine Monk
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Daniel W. Belsky
- Department of Epidemiology, Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Seonjoo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Kieran O’Donnell
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Andrea A. Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Pamela Scorza
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Puosi E, Karlsson H, Lukkarinen H, Karlsson L, Lukkarinen M. Paternal adverse childhood experiences are associated with a low risk of atopy in the offspring. Acta Paediatr 2024. [PMID: 38992923 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
AIM Parental adverse childhood experiences (ACE) might affect the offspring health through intergenerational inheritance. The aim of this study was to investigate how paternal ACE associate with offspring sensitisation and allergic rhinitis (AR). METHODS The study included 590 Finnish father-child dyads from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Outcomes were offspring sensitisation against allergens and AR at age 5.5 years. Paternal ACE up to 18 years were assessed using the Trauma and Distress Scale (TADS) with the lowest quarter as the reference group. RESULTS Of the children, 317 (54%) were males. Sensitisation occurred in 162/533 (30%) and AR in 122/590 (21%). Paternal TADS (median 17 points; interquartile range 11-27) was inversely associated with the risk of sensitisation. Children whose fathers scored the highest quarter had the lowest risk of sensitisation (adjusted odds ratio 0.42; 95% confidence interval 0.24-0.75), followed by those in the second highest quarter (0.58; 0.34-0.99). The association between the highest quarter and reduced risk of AR was similar. CONCLUSION Paternal ACE were associated with a low risk of offspring sensitisation and AR, suggesting paternal childhood stress might influence immune responses in their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Puosi
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Tyks Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Psychiatry, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku and Tyks Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Heikki Lukkarinen
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Tyks Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Tyks Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Minna Lukkarinen
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku Brain and Mind Center, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Tyks Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Pan T, Gallo ME, Donald KA, Webb K, Bath KG. Elevated risk for psychiatric outcomes in pediatric patients with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C): A review of neuroinflammatory and psychosocial stressors. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 38:100760. [PMID: 38586284 PMCID: PMC10992702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a secondary immune manifestation of COVID-19 involving multiple organ systems in the body, resulting in fever, skin rash, abdominal pain, nausea, shock, and cardiac dysfunction that often lead to hospitalization. Although many of these symptoms resolve following anti-inflammatory treatment, the long-term neurological and psychiatric sequelae of MIS-C are unknown. In this review, we will summarize two domains of the MIS-C disease course, 1) Neuroinflammation in the MIS-C brain and 2) Psychosocial disruptions resulting from stress and hospitalization. In both domains, we present existing clinical findings and hypothesize potential connections to psychiatric outcomes. This is the first review to conceptualize a holistic framework of psychiatric risk in MIS-C patients that includes neuroinflammatory and psychosocial risk factors. As cases of severe COVID-19 and MIS-C subside, it is important for clinicians to monitor outcomes in this vulnerable patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Pan
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 029112, USA
- The Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Meghan E. Gallo
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 029112, USA
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical College, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Kirsten A. Donald
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- The Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kate Webb
- Division of Paediatric Rheumatology, School of Child and Adolescent Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
- Crick African Network, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Kevin G. Bath
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical College, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Wang X, Jiang L, Barry L, Zhang X, Vasilenko SA, Heath RD. A Scoping Review on Adverse Childhood Experiences Studies Using Latent Class Analysis: Strengths and Challenges. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:1695-1708. [PMID: 37594222 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231192922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) studies reveal the profound impacts of experiencing trauma and hardships in childhood. However, the cumulative risk approach of treating ACEs obscures the heterogeneity of ACEs and their consequences, making actionable interventions impossible. latent class analysis (LCA) has increasingly been used to address these concerns by identifying underlying subgroups of people who experience distinctive patterns of co-occurring ACEs. Though LCA has its strengths, the existing research produces few comparable findings because LCA results are dependent on ACEs measures and indicators, which vary widely by study. Therefore, a scoping review of ACEs studies using LCA that focuses on ACEs measures, indicators, and findings is needed to inform the field. Following Arksey and O'Malley's five-stage scoping review methodological framework, we first identified 211 articles from databases of EBSCOhost, PubMed, and Scopus using "adverse childhood experiences" for title search and "latent class analysis" for abstract search. Based on the inclusion criteria of peer-reviewed articles written in English published from 2012 to 2022 and the exclusion criteria of nonempirical studies and the LCA not analyzing ACEs, we finally selected 58 articles in this scoping review. Results showed LCA has been increasingly endorsed in the ACEs research community to examine the associations between ACEs and human health and well-being across culturally diverse populations. LCA overcame the limitations of the traditional methods by revealing specific ACEs clusters that exert potent effects on certain outcomes. However, the arbitrary nature of selecting ACEs indicators, measures, and the limited use of theory impedes the field from moving forward.
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Qu G, Liu H, Ma S, Han T, Zhang H, Sun L, Qin Q, Chen M, Sun Y. Inflammatory burden of adolescents with childhood maltreatment: results from baseline data of a school cohort. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:539-548. [PMID: 36877251 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing studies have investigated inflammatory burden of adults with childhood adversity, but less is known about how childhood maltreatment affects the inflammation level of adolescents. Baseline data of a school cohort of physical and mental health status and life experience survey on primary and secondary school students in Anhui Province, China was used. Childhood maltreatment of children and adolescents was assessed by Chinese version of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF). Urine samples were collected to assess levels of soluble urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor (suPAR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Logistic regression was conducted to examine the association between childhood maltreatment exposure and risk of high inflammation burden. A total of 844 students were included with mean age 11.41 ± 1.57 years old. Adolescents with emotional abuse were significantly more likely to have high level of IL-6 (OR = 3.59, 95% CI 1.16-11.14). In addition, adolescents with emotional abuse were more likely to show high IL-6 and high suPAR combination (OR = 33.41, 95% CI 1.69-659.22), and high IL-6 and low CRP combination (OR = 4.34, 95% CI 1.29-14.55). Subgroup analyses showed that emotional abuse was associated with high IL-6 burden among boys or adolescents with depression. Childhood emotional abuse was positively associated with higher burden of IL-6. Early detection and prevention of emotional abuse for children and adolescents, especially for boys or adolescents with depression status, may be helpful for preventing elevated inflammatory burden and related health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbo Qu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shaodi Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Tiantian Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Huimei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Fuyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.19, Zhongnan Avenue, Fuyang, 236000, Anhui, China
| | - Qirong Qin
- Ma'anshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.849, Jiangdong Avenue, Ma'anshan, 243000, Anhui, China
| | - Mingchun Chen
- Changfeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changfeng, Anhui, China
| | - Yehuan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 238000, Anhui, China.
- Center for Evidence-Based Practice, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Estrada-Darley I, Chen P, McBain R, Alvarado G, Engel C, Malika N, Kim D, Machtinger E, McCaw B, Thyne S, Thompson N, Shekarchi A, Lightfoot M, Kuo A, Benedict D, Gantz L, Perry R, Yap N, Eberhart N. Patient and Caregiver Perspectives on Implementation of ACE Screening in Pediatric Care Settings: A Qualitative Evaluation. J Pediatr Health Care 2023; 37:616-625. [PMID: 37589629 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This qualitative research study explored the perspectives of adolescents, 12 to 19-years-old, and caregivers of children under 12-years-old on the acceptibility of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) screenings in five pediatric clinics. METHOD A constructivist grounded theory approach was utilized. One-on-one semistructured phone interviews were conducted with 44 adolescents and 95 caregivers of children less than 12 years old. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Most participants reported feeling comfortable discussing ACEs with their providers. Some reported that screening helped build trust. Others expressed privacy concerns and did not receive information about the reason for screening. Adolescent patients shared conflicting feelings-of both comfort and discomfort. Caregivers attending to multiple children, foster parents, and monolingual Spanish speakers disclosed unique challenges to ACEs screening. We found no evidence of lasting adverse effects. DISCUSSION Participants generally found ACEs screenings acceptable. Some adolescents identified benefits from the experience. However, clinics planning to adopt routine ACEs screening should ensure clear messaging on why screening is occurring, anticipate and address privacy concerns, and adopt workflows to discuss screening results.
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Telfar S, McLeod GFH, Dhakal B, Henderson J, Tanveer S, Broad HET, Woolhouse W, Macfarlane S, Boden JM. Child abuse and neglect and mental health outcomes in adulthood by ethnicity: Findings from a 40-year longitudinal study in New Zealand/Aotearoa. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 145:106444. [PMID: 37703676 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal studies consistently report adverse long-term outcomes of childhood maltreatment. Little is known about the impact of childhood maltreatment on mental health among a marginalized population (New Zealand Māori); therefore, we cannot assume the effects of maltreatment are the same across the population. OBJECTIVE Associations were examined between childhood sexual abuse (CSA), childhood physical punishment (CPP) and childhood neglect (CN) (<16 years) and mental health outcomes 18-40 years, by ethnicity (Māori/non-Māori). PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Data from the Christchurch Health and Development Study, a study of a birth cohort of 1265 children born in Christchurch in 1977. By age 40, 17.8 % (n = 191) reported New Zealand Māori ethnic identity; 82.2 % (n = 883) were non-Māori. METHODS CSA, CPP (<16 years) were measured at 18, 21 years; CN was measured at 40 years. Major depression, anxiety disorder, suicidal ideation, alcohol abuse/dependence and cannabis abuse/dependence were measured at ages 21, 25, 30, 35 and 40 years. Childhood confounding variables controlled. Analyses were extended to include Māori ethnicity. RESULTS After statistical adjustment, experience of severe childhood maltreatment increased odds of mental health problems 1.8-2.6×, compared to no maltreatment; the effects of maltreatment were similar for males and females. For Māori, some higher rates of mental health problems were seen among those maltreated, no statistically significant associations were detected after Bonferroni correction (among severe maltreatment vs. no maltreatment). Limitations should be considered when interpreting results. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to childhood maltreatment has long-term effects into middle-age. Further research employing culturally-sensitive approaches may help clarify Māori childhood maltreatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Telfar
- Department of Psychology, Speech & Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - G F H McLeod
- Christchurch Health and Development Study, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - B Dhakal
- Christchurch Health and Development Study, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J Henderson
- Department of Psychology, Speech & Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - S Tanveer
- Christchurch Health and Development Study, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - H E T Broad
- Department of Psychology, Speech & Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - W Woolhouse
- Psychotherapist, ChatRoom Psychotherapy, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - S Macfarlane
- Te Kura o te Mātauranga - Institute of Education, College of Humanities & Social Sciences, Te Kunenga ki Pūrehuroa - Massey University, New Zealand
| | - J M Boden
- Christchurch Health and Development Study, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Ratto J, Dobash D, Seya S, Trika B, Kamagate F, Chiang L. Prevalence of and factors associated with peer emotional and physical violence among youth ages 13-17 in Cote d'Ivoire. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 145:106380. [PMID: 37591047 PMCID: PMC10752422 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peer violence during childhood is associated with negative outcomes. Data are limited on its associated factors in sub-Saharan Africa. OBJECTIVE This study assesses the prevalence and factors associated with peer emotional and physical violence among children and adolescents aged 13-17years in Côte d'Ivoire. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Data from the 2018 Côte d'Ivoire Violence Against Children and Youth Survey (VACS) were used to examine peer emotional and physical violence victimization. VACS is a national cross-sectional household survey of females and males aged 13-24years. METHODS Data included physical, emotional, and sexual violence and socioeconomic, demographic, and relationship factors. We computed the adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and confidence interval (CI) for associated factors adjusted for food insecurity and rural or urban setting. RESULTS Thirty-one percent of females and 46.7 % of males experienced lifetime peer physical violence and 36.8 % of females and 40.2 % of males experienced peer emotional violence in the past 12 months. Witnessing violence in the home towards the mother (female AOR 1.2, CI 1.0-1.3); male AOR 1.4, CI 1.2-1.6) and witnessing violence in the home towards a sibling (female AOR 1.2, CI 1.1-1.3; male AOR 1.3, CI 1.12-1.4) increased the odds of ever experiencing peer physical violence. In males, not living with their biological mother (AOR 1.2, CI 1.0, 1.4) or biological father (AOR 1.2, CI 1.1-1.3) was associated with ever experiencing peer physical violence. CONCLUSION Interventions for children and adolescents living without parents and programming focused on education and skills-building may help to reduce peer violence against children in Côte d'Ivoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Ratto
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| | - Dawson Dobash
- College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Soletchi Seya
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Beugre Trika
- Division of Global HIV & TB, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Fathim Kamagate
- Division of Global HIV & TB, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Laura Chiang
- Division of Violence Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
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de Mendonça Filho EJ, Pokhvisneva I, Maalouf CM, Parent C, Mliner SB, Slopen N, Williams DR, Bush NR, Boyce WT, Levitt P, Nelson CA, Gunnar MR, Meaney MJ, Shonkoff JP, Silveira PP. Linking specific biological signatures to different childhood adversities: findings from the HERO project. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:564-574. [PMID: 36650307 PMCID: PMC10382309 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02415-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although investigations have begun to differentiate biological and neurobiological responses to a variety of adversities, studies considering both endocrine and immune function in the same datasets are limited. METHODS Associations between proximal (family functioning, caregiver depression, and anxiety) and distal (SES-D; socioeconomic disadvantage) early-life adversities with salivary inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) and hair HPA markers (cortisol, cortisone, and dehydroepiandrosterone) were examined in two samples of young U.S. children (N = 142; N = 145). RESULTS Children exposed to higher SES-D had higher levels of TNF-α (B = 0.13, p = 0.011), IL-1β (B = 0.10, p = 0.033), and DHEA (B = 0.16, p = 0.011). Higher family dysfunction was associated with higher cortisol (B = 0.08, p = 0.033) and cortisone (B = 0.05, p = 0.003). An interaction between SES-D and family dysfunction was observed for cortisol levels (p = 0.020) whereby children exposed to lower/average levels of SES-D exhibited a positive association between family dysfunction and cortisol levels, whereas children exposed to high levels of SES-D did not. These findings were partially replicated in the second sample. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that these biological response systems may react differently to different forms of early-life adversity. IMPACT Different forms of early-life adversity have varied stress signatures, and investigations of early-life adversities with inflammation and HPA markers are lacking. Children with higher socioeconomic disadvantage had higher TNF-α, IL-1β, and DHEA. Higher family dysfunction was associated with higher hair cortisol and cortisone levels, and the association between family dysfunction and cortisol was moderated by socioeconomic disadvantage. Biological response systems (immune and endocrine) were differentially associated with distinct forms of early-life adversities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euclides José de Mendonça Filho
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Irina Pokhvisneva
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christina Maria Maalouf
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Carine Parent
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shanna B Mliner
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Natalie Slopen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David R Williams
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole R Bush
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William Thomas Boyce
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pat Levitt
- Department of Pediatrics and Program in Developmental Neuroscience and Developmental Neurogenetics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Charles A Nelson
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Megan R Gunnar
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jack P Shonkoff
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center on the Developing Child, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Patricia Pelufo Silveira
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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10
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Hines LA, Jones HJ, Hickman M, Lynskey M, Howe LD, Zammit S, Heron J. Adverse childhood experiences and adolescent cannabis use trajectories: findings from a longitudinal UK birth cohort. Lancet Public Health 2023; 8:e442-e452. [PMID: 37244674 PMCID: PMC10751739 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(23)00095-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are classically defined as physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, bullying, parental substance use or abuse, violence between parents, parental mental health problems or suicide, parental separation, or a parent convicted of criminal offence. Exposure to ACEs can be associated with cannabis use, but no comparisons across all adversities have been made while also considering timing and frequency of cannabis use. We aimed to explore the association between ACEs and cannabis use timing and frequency in adolescence, considering the cumulative number of ACEs and individual ACEs. METHODS We used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a longitudinal UK birth cohort study. Longitudinal latent classes of cannabis use frequency were derived from self-reported data at multiple timepoints in participants aged 13-24 years. ACEs between ages 0 years and 12 years were derived from prospective and retrospective reports at multiple timepoints by parents and the participant. Multinomial regression was used to analyse the effect of both cumulative exposure to all ACEs and the ten individual ACEs on cannabis use outcomes. FINDINGS 5212 participants (3132 [60·0%] were female and 2080 [40·0%] were male; 5044 [96·0%] were White and 168 [4·0%] were Black, Asian, or minority ethnic) were included in this study. After adjustment for polygenic risk and environmental risk factors, participants who had 4 or more ACEs at age 0-12 years were at increased risk of early persisting regular cannabis use (relative risk ratio [RRR] 3·15 [95% CI 1·81-5·50]), later onset regular use (1·99 [1·14-3·74]), and early persisting occasional use (2·55 [1·74-3·73]) compared with low or no cannabis use. After adjustment, early persisting regular use was associated with parental substance use or abuse (RRR 3·90 [95% CI 2·10-7·24]), parental mental health problems (2·02 [1·26-3·24]), physical abuse (2·27 [1·31-3·98]), emotional abuse (2·44 [1·49-3·99]), and parental separation (1·88 [1·08-3·27]) compared with low or no cannabis use. INTERPRETATION Risks for problematic adolescent cannabis use are highest for individuals reporting 4 or more ACEs, and were particularly raised for those with parental substance use or abuse. Public health measures to address ACEs might reduce adolescent cannabis use. FUNDING The Wellcome Trust, UK Medical Research Council, Alcohol Research UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A Hines
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK; Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Hannah J Jones
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; UK Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; UK NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew Hickman
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Laura D Howe
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; UK Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Stan Zammit
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jon Heron
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; UK Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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11
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Dye CK, Wu H, Monk C, Belsky DW, Alschuler D, Lee S, O’Donnell K, Scorza P. Mother's childhood adversity is associated with accelerated epigenetic aging in pregnancy and in male newborns. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.02.530806. [PMID: 36945654 PMCID: PMC10028804 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.02.530806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are correlated with accelerated epigenetic aging, but it is not clear whether altered epigenetic aging from childhood adversities persists into adulthood and can be transmitted to the next generation. Thus, we tested whether mothers' childhood adversity is associated with accelerated epigenetic aging during pregnancy and in their newborn offspring. Methods Data were from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) sub-study, Accessible Resource for Integrated Epigenomic Studies (ARIES). Women provided retrospective self-reports during pregnancy of ACE exposure. DNA methylation was measured in mothers during pregnancy and cord blood at birth. Estimates of epigenetic age acceleration were calculated using Principal Components of Horvath, Hannum skin & blood, GrimAge, PhenoAge, and DunedinPACE epigenetic clocks for mothers; and the Knight and Bohlin cord blood clocks for newborns. Associations between a cumulative maternal ACE score and epigenetic age acceleration were estimated using linear regression models, adjusting for maternal age at pregnancy, smoking during pregnancy, education, and pre-pregnancy BMI. Models for offspring were stratified by sex and additionally adjusted for gestation age. Results Mothers' total ACE score was positively associated with accelerated maternal PhenoAge and GrimAge. In newborn offspring, mothers' total ACE score was positively associated with accelerated epigenetic aging in males using the Bohlin clock, but not in females using either epigenetic clock. We found male offsprings' epigenetic age was accelerated in those born to mothers exposed to neglect using the Knight clock; and parental substance abuse using the Bohlin clock. Conclusion Our results show that mothers' ACE exposure is associated with DNAm age acceleration in male offspring, supporting the notion that DNAm age could be a marker of intergenerational biological embedding of mothers' childhood adversity. This is consistent with findings on vulnerability of male fetuses to environmental insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian K. Dye
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Haotian Wu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Catherine Monk
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel W. Belsky
- Department of Epidemiology & Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel Alschuler
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | - Seonjoo Lee
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kieran O’Donnell
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Pamela Scorza
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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12
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Priest N, Guo S, Gondek D, Lacey RE, Burgner D, Downes M, Slopen N, Goldfeld S, Moreno-Betancur M, Kerr JA, Cahill S, Wake M, Juonala M, Lycett K, O'Connor M. The effect of adverse and positive experiences on inflammatory markers in Australian and UK children. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 26:100550. [PMID: 36420372 PMCID: PMC9677086 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between childhood adversity and inflammation is well-established. Examination of positive experiences can provide a more complete understanding of intervention opportunities. We investigated associations of adverse and positive experiences, and their intersection, with inflammation in children and adolescents. Methods Data sources: Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC; N = 1237) and Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC; N = 3488). Exposures: Adverse and positive experiences assessed repeatedly (LSAC: 0-11 years; ALSPAC: 0-15 years). Outcomes: Inflammation quantified by high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA) (LSAC: 11-12 years; ALSPAC: 15.5 years). Analyses: Linear regression on the log-transformed outcomes estimated the relative difference in inflammatory markers with adverse/positive experiences, adjusting for socio-demographics and concurrent positive/adverse experiences, respectively. Results Most associations were in the expected direction but differed in magnitude by exposure, outcome and cohort. Across both cohorts, adverse experiences were associated with up to 7.3% higher hsCRP (95% CI: -18.6%, 33.2%) and up to 2.0% higher GlycA (95% CI: 0.5%, 3.5%); while positive experiences were associated with up to 22.1% lower hsCRP (95% CI: -49.0%, 4.7%) and 1.3% lower GlycA (95% CI: -2.7%, 0.2%). In LSAC, the beneficial effect of positive experiences on inflammation was more pronounced among those with fewer concurrent adverse experiences. Conclusion Across two cohorts, we found small but directionally consistent associations between adverse experiences and higher inflammation, and positive experiences and lower inflammation, particularly for GlycA. Future research should give further consideration to positive experiences to complement the current focus on adversity and inform the design and evaluation of early life interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Priest
- ANU Centre for Social Research & Methods, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shuaijun Guo
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dawid Gondek
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca E. Lacey
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Burgner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Inflammatory Origins Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marnie Downes
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Natalie Slopen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sharon Goldfeld
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Margarita Moreno-Betancur
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jessica A. Kerr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Stephanie Cahill
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Melissa Wake
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics & the Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Markus Juonala
- Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kate Lycett
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Social & Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Meredith O'Connor
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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13
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Sudit E, Luby J, Gilbert K. Sad, Sadder, Saddest: Recognition of Sad and Happy Emotional Intensity, Adverse Childhood Experiences and Depressive Symptoms in Preschoolers. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022; 53:1221-1230. [PMID: 34117580 PMCID: PMC8664896 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01203-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACES) have repeatedly been associated with depression. The ability to differentiate emotional intensity is a protective factor for psychopathology and in the context of life stressors, poor negative emotion differentiation (ED) is associated with depressive symptoms. However, little is known about whether the ability to recognize negative emotional intensity, a theorized developmental prerequisite of ED, influences the relationship between ACES and depressive symptoms in early childhood. The current study examined the interactive effects of ACES, the ability to recognize emotional intensity and depressive symptoms in 249 preschoolers enriched for depression. Findings demonstrated that when experiencing ACES, sad (not happy) emotion recognition was associated with elevated depressive symptoms. Specifically, when facing multiple ACEs, preschoolers with poor and moderate ability to recognize sad emotional intensity exhibited elevated depressive symptoms. Findings demonstrate that when experiencing elevated ACES, sad emotion recognition may be a protective factor for depression in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Sudit
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Joan Luby
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Kirsten Gilbert
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 4444 Forest Park, Suite 2100, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA.
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14
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Karamanos A, Stewart K, Harding S, Kelly Y, Lacey R. Adverse childhood experiences and adolescent drug use in the UK: The moderating role of socioeconomic position and ethnicity. SSM Popul Health 2022; 19:101142. [PMID: 35733836 PMCID: PMC9207135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale There is a paucity of prospective UK studies exploring the role of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) on adolescent teenage drug use and even less is known about the complex interplay between ACEs and adolescent social, demographic, and economic characteristics. To address these gaps, we use rich longitudinal data from the nationally representative Millennium Cohort Study. Methods Sex-stratified survey logistic regression modelling was applied using data from 9,476 adolescents and their parents to examine associations between ACEs between ages 3 and 14 years and drug use at ages 14 and 17 years. We a) explore the extent to which associations are robust to adjustment for ethnicity, family income, parental social class, and parental education, b) examine whether associations differ by these factors, and c) estimate the proportion of drug use at ages 14 and 17 years attributable to ACEs after controlling for these factors. Results Half of MCS cohort members had been exposed to at least one ACE and approximately 1 in 11 were exposed to 3+ ACEs. Multivariable analyses suggest that ACEs were associated with a higher likelihood of drug use at age 14 than age 17, especially for girls. No evidence was found that either advantaged socio-economic position or ethnicity acted as a buffer against the negative effects of ACEs in relation to adolescent drug use. Finally, we found that prevention of exposure to sexual violence, bullying and violence within the household (if causal) is more important for girls' drug use at age 14 than age 17. Conclusions ACEs are associated with adolescent drug use with potential consequences on wider aspects of young people's lives, regardless of their social, ethnic, or economic background, adding further urgency to the need to reduce the incidence of these negative experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Karamanos
- School of Life Course/ Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, UK
| | - K. Stewart
- Department of Social Policy and Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion (CASE), London School of Economics and Political Science, UK
| | - S. Harding
- School of Life Course/ Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Y. Kelly
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, UK
| | - R.E. Lacey
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, UK
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15
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Iob E, Lacey R, Giunchiglia V, Steptoe A. Adverse childhood experiences and severity levels of inflammation and depression from childhood to young adulthood: a longitudinal cohort study. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2255-2263. [PMID: 35241782 PMCID: PMC9126802 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01478-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with depression and systemic inflammation in adults. However, limited longitudinal research has tested these relationships in children and young people, and it is unclear whether inflammation is an underlying mechanism through which ACEs influence depression. We examined the longitudinal associations of several ACEs across different early-life periods with longitudinal patterns of early-life inflammation and depression in young adulthood and assessed the mediating role of inflammation. The data came from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (N = 3931). ACEs from the prenatal period through to adolescence were operationalised using cumulative scores, single adversities, and dimensions derived through factor analysis. Inflammation (C-reactive protein) was measured on three occasions (9-18 years) and depressive symptoms were ascertained on four occasions (18-23 years). Latent class growth analysis was employed to delineate group-based trajectories of inflammation and depression. The associations between ACEs and the inflammation/depression trajectories were tested using multinomial logistic regression analysis. Most types of ACEs across all early-life periods were associated with elevated depression trajectories, with larger associations for threat-related adversities compared with other ACEs. Bullying victimisation and sexual abuse in late childhood/adolescence were associated with elevated CRP trajectories, while other ACEs were unrelated to inflammation. Inflammation was also unrelated to depression and did not mediate the associations with ACEs. These results suggest that ACEs are consistently associated with depression, whereas the associations of inflammation with ACEs and depression are weak in young people. Interventions targeting inflammation in this population might not offer protection against depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Iob
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Rebecca Lacey
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Valentina Giunchiglia
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
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16
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Crick DCP, Halligan SL, Howe LD, Lacey RE, Khandaker GM, Burgner D, Herbert A, Suderman M, Anderson EL, Fraser A. Associations between Adverse Childhood Experiences and the novel inflammatory marker glycoprotein acetyls in two generations of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children birth cohort. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 100:112-120. [PMID: 34793940 PMCID: PMC8791601 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with increased risk of non-communicable diseases in adulthood, potentially mediated by chronic low-grade inflammation. Glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA) is a marker of chronic and cumulative inflammation. We investigated associations between ACEs and GlycA at different ages, in two generations of the population-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort. METHODS ALSPAC offspring's total ACE scores were generated for two age periods using prospectively collected data: 0-7y and 0-17y. GlycA was measured using high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance at mean ages 8y, 18y, and 24y. Sample sizes ranged from: n = 5116 (8y) to n = 3085 (24y). ALSPAC mothers (n = 4634) retrospectively reported ACEs experienced before age 18y and GlycA was assessed at mean age 49y. We used multivariable linear regression to estimate associations between ACEs (total ACE score and individual ACEs) and subsequent GlycA in both samples, adjusting for key confounders. RESULTS Mean GlycA levels were similar in offspring and mothers and over time. In offspring, there was no evidence that ACEs (total score or individual ACE) were associated with GlycA at age 8y or 18y, or 24y after adjustment for maternal age at birth and parity, maternal marital status, household occupational social class, maternal education, maternal smoking, own ethnicity, sex, and age in months. In mothers, there was evidence of a positive association between the total ACE score and GlycA at age 49y (adjusted mean difference 0.007 mmol/L; 95%CI: 0.003, 0.01). Emotional neglect was the only individual ACE associated with higher GlycA after adjusting for confounders and other ACEs. CONCLUSION Results suggest the association between ACEs and GlycA may emerge in middle age. Future research should explore the extent to which inflammation in adulthood mediates well-documented associations between ACEs and adverse health outcomes in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy C P Crick
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Sarah L Halligan
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Laura D Howe
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca E Lacey
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - Golam M Khandaker
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Burgner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute (MCRI), the Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Annie Herbert
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew Suderman
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma L Anderson
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Abigail Fraser
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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17
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Chiang JJ, Lam PH, Chen E, Miller GE. Psychological Stress During Childhood and Adolescence and Its Association With Inflammation Across the Lifespan: A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis. Psychol Bull 2022; 148:27-66. [PMID: 39247904 PMCID: PMC11378952 DOI: 10.1037/bul0000351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Psychological stress during childhood and adolescence increases risk of health problems across the lifecourse, and inflammation is implicated as an underlying mechanism. To evaluate the viability of this hypothesis, we used meta-analysis to quantify the association between childhood/adolescent stress and inflammation over the lifecourse. Furthermore, we addressed three unresolved conceptual questions: (a) Does the strength of this association change over the lifecourse? (b) Are different types of childhood/adolescent stressors differentially associated with inflammation? (c) And which components of the inflammatory response are involved? A systematic search identified 187 articles reporting 922 associations. Meta-analyses were conducted using a three-level multilevel approach and controlled for study quality, conversion confidence, and whether effect sizes were unadjusted or adjusted (n = 662, 72%). Results indicated a small but reliable overall adjusted association ( r ^ = .04 ) . The magnitude of the association strengthened across the lifecourse-effect sizes were smallest in studies that measured inflammation in childhoodr ^ = .02 and became progressively larger in studies of adolescencer ^ = .04 and adulthoodr ^ = .05 , suggesting the impact of early stress strengthens with time. By contrast, effect sizes did not vary by adversity type (socioeconomic disadvantage, maltreatment, other interpersonal stressors, and cumulative exposure across stressors), or component of inflammation (circulating biomarkers of low-grade inflammation vs. cytokine responses to microbial stimuli). Implications and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phoebe H Lam
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University
| | - Edith Chen
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
| | - Gregory E Miller
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
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18
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The relationship of adverse childhood experiences, hair cortisol, C-reactive protein, and polygenic susceptibility with older adults' psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:5038-5048. [PMID: 36198766 PMCID: PMC9533280 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01805-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are linked to poorer mental health outcomes, and growing evidence implicates biological and genetic pathways from early adversity to psychopathology. However, little is known about the relationship of ACEs and their underlying biological and genetic mechanisms with older people's mental health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. We tested the associations of ACEs, hair cortisol, C-reactive protein (CRP), and polygenic scores (PGS) with depression, anxiety, and loneliness among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic, accounting for the potential interplay of ACEs with biological and genetic risk markers. Data were drawn from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a prospective cohort study of older adults living in England. Retrospective information on ACEs were collected in 2006/7, while CRP and hair cortisol were measured at wave 6 (2012/13). Psychological distress was assessed before the pandemic (2018-19) and at two COVID-19 assessments in 2020 (June-July and November-December). Associations were tested on 2050 participants using linear/logistic regression models adjusted for pre-pandemic outcome measures and mixed-effect models to assess changes before and during the pandemic. The results showed that ACEs were associated with higher levels of depression (OR = 2.55[95%CI:1.81,3.59]) anxiety (OR = 1.84[95%CI:1.13,3.01]), and loneliness (b = 0.28[95%CI:0.14,0.42]) during the pandemic. Hair cortisol was related to an increased risk of depression (OR = 1.15[95%CI:1.04,1.26]), and CRP was associated with greater loneliness scores (b = 0.16[95%CI:0.03,0.30]). The relationship between cortisol and psychological distress was larger among participants with ACEs (e.g., ORdepression = 1.07[95%CI:1.00,1.14]). Further, individuals with high CRP experienced greater increases in feelings of loneliness from before to during the pandemic, compared to those with lower CRP levels (interaction effect=0.23; 95%CI:0.1-0.37). Individuals with 2+ ACEs experienced greater increases in depressive symptoms compared to those with none (interaction effect=2.09; 95%CI:1.1-3.98). Higher levels of hair cortisol were also related to worse changes in depressive symptoms across timepoints (interaction effect=1.84;95%CI:1.41-2.41). These results highlight the lasting impact of biosocial vulnerabilities on older adults' mental health responses to new environmental stressors. They also implicate biological mechanisms in the pathophysiology of later-life psychological distress.
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19
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Chen MA, LeRoy AS, Majd M, Chen JY, Brown RL, Christian LM, Fagundes CP. Immune and Epigenetic Pathways Linking Childhood Adversity and Health Across the Lifespan. Front Psychol 2021; 12:788351. [PMID: 34899540 PMCID: PMC8662704 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.788351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood adversity is associated with a host of mental and physical health problems across the lifespan. Individuals who have experienced childhood adversity (e.g., child abuse and neglect, family conflict, poor parent/child relationships, low socioeconomic status or extreme poverty) are at a greater risk for morbidity and premature mortality than those not exposed to childhood adversity. Several mechanisms likely contribute to the relationship between childhood adversity and health across the lifespan (e.g., health behaviors, cardiovascular reactivity). In this paper, we review a large body of research within the field of psychoneuroimmunology, demonstrating the relationship between early life stress and alterations of the immune system. We first review the literature demonstrating that childhood adversity is associated with immune dysregulation across different indices, including proinflammatory cytokine production (and its impact on telomere length), illness and infection susceptibility, latent herpesvirus reactivation, and immune response to a tumor. We then summarize the growing literature on how childhood adversity may alter epigenetic processes. Finally, we propose future directions related to this work that have basic and applied implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Chen
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Angie S LeRoy
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Marzieh Majd
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jonathan Y Chen
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ryan L Brown
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lisa M Christian
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health and the Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Christopher P Fagundes
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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Dawidowski B, Górniak A, Podwalski P, Lebiecka Z, Misiak B, Samochowiec J. The Role of Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10173849. [PMID: 34501305 PMCID: PMC8432006 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental illness of unknown etiology. A growing and compelling body of evidence implicates immunologic dysfunction as the key element in its pathomechanism. Cytokines, whose altered levels have been increasingly reported in various patient populations, are the major mediators involved in the coordination of the immune system. The available literature reports both elevated levels of proinflammatory as well as reduced levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, and their effects on clinical status and neuroimaging changes. There is evidence of at least a partial genetic basis for the association between cytokine alterations and schizophrenia. Two other factors implicated in its development include early childhood trauma and disturbances in the gut microbiome. Moreover, its various subtypes, characterized by individual symptom severity and course, such as deficit schizophrenia, seem to differ in terms of changes in peripheral cytokine levels. While the use of a systematic review methodology could be difficult due to the breadth and diversity of the issues covered in this review, the applied narrative approach allows for a more holistic presentation. The aim of this narrative review was to present up-to-date evidence on cytokine dysregulation in schizophrenia, its effect on the psychopathological presentation, and links with antipsychotic medication. We also attempted to summarize its postulated underpinnings, including early childhood trauma and gut microbiome disturbances, and propose trait and state markers of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Dawidowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (B.D.); (A.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Adrianna Górniak
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (B.D.); (A.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Piotr Podwalski
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (B.D.); (A.G.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-510-091-466
| | - Zofia Lebiecka
- Department of Health Psychology, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland; (B.D.); (A.G.); (J.S.)
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Guzylack-Piriou L, Ménard S. Early Life Exposure to Food Contaminants and Social Stress as Risk Factor for Metabolic Disorders Occurrence?-An Overview. Biomolecules 2021; 11:687. [PMID: 34063694 PMCID: PMC8147825 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of obesity has been increasing in recent years and is now the major public health challenge worldwide. While the risks of developing metabolic disorders (MD) including obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been historically thought to be essentially driven by increased caloric intake and lack of exercise, this is insufficient to account for the observed changes in disease trends. Based on human epidemiological and pre-clinical experimental studies, this overview questioned the role of non-nutritional components as contributors to the epidemic of MD with a special emphasis on food contaminants and social stress. This overview examines the impact of early life adverse events (ELAE) focusing on exposures to food contaminants or social stress on weight gain and T2D occurrence in the offspring and explores potential mechanisms leading to MD in adulthood. Indeed, summing up data on both ELAE models in parallel allowed us to identify common patterns that appear worthwhile to study in MD etiology. This overview provides some evidence of a link between ELAE-induced intestinal barrier disruption, inflammation, epigenetic modifications, and the occurrence of MD. This overview sums up evidence that MD could have developmental origins and that ELAE are risk factors for MD at adulthood independently of nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandrine Ménard
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France;
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