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Hou J, Li Y, Guo H, Wang Y, He Y, Sun P, Zhao Y, Ni BJ, Zhu T, Liu Y. Efficient electrosynthesis of HO 2- from air for sulfide control in sewers. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134181. [PMID: 38569343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemically in-situ generation of oxygen and caustic soda is promising for sulfide management while suffers from scaling, poor inactivating capacity, hydrogen release and ammonia escape. In this study, the four-compartment electrochemical cell efficiently captured oxygen molecules from the air chamber to produce HO2- without generating toxic by-products. Meanwhile, the catalyst layer surface of PTFE/CB-GDE maintained a relatively balanced gas-liquid micro-environment, enabling the formation of enduring solid-liquid-gas interfaces for efficient HO2- electrosynthesis. A dramatic increase in HO2- generation rate from 453.3 mg L-1 h-1 to 575.4 mg L-1 h-1 was attained by advancement in operation parameters design (flow channels, electrolyte types, flow rates and circulation types). Stability testing resulted in the HO2- generation rate over 15 g L-1 and the current efficiency (CE) exceeding 85%, indicating a robust stable operational capacity. Furthermore, after 120 mg L-1 HO2- treatment, an increase of 11.1% in necrotic and apoptotic cells in the sewer biofilm was observed, higher than that achieved with the addition of NaOH, H2O2 method. The in-situ electrosynthesis strategy for HO2- represents a significance toward the practical implementation of sulfide abatement in sewers, holding the potential to treat various sulfide-containing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Hou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Haixiao Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yufen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yanying He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Peizhe Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Tingting Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
| | - Yiwen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
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2
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Yusuf HH, Roddick F, Jegatheesan V, Gao L, Pramanik BK. Tackling fat, oil, and grease (FOG) build-up in sewers: Insights into deposit formation and sustainable in-sewer management techniques. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166761. [PMID: 37660807 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The increasing global demand for fatty products, population growth, and the expansion of food service establishments (FSEs) present significant challenges for the wastewater industry. This is often due to the build-up of fat, oil and grease (FOG) in sewers, which reduces capacity and leads to sanitary sewer overflows. It is crucial to develop economic and sustainable in-sewer FOG management techniques to minimise maintenance costs and service disruptions caused by the removal of FOG deposits from sewers. This study aims to understand the process of FOG deposit formation in both concrete and non-concrete sewers. Compared to fresh cooking oil, disposal of used cooking oil in households and FSE sinks results in the formation of highly adhesive and viscous FOG deposits. This occurs due to hydrolysis during frying, which increases the concentration of fatty acids, particularly palmitic acid, in the used cooking oil. Furthermore, metal ions from food waste, wastewater, and dishwashing detergents contribute to the saponification and aggregation reactions which cause FOG deposition in both concrete and non-concrete sewers. However, the leaching of Ca2+ ions exacerbates FOG deposition in cement-concrete sewers. The article concludes by suggesting future research perspectives and proposes implementation strategies for microbially induced concrete corrosion (MICC) control to manage FOG deposition in sewers. One such strategy involves applying superhydrophobic coating materials with low surface free energy and high surface roughness to the interior surfaces of the sewer. This approach would help repel wastewater carrying FOG deposit components, potentially disrupting the interaction between FOG components, and reducing the adhesion of FOG deposits to sewer surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felicity Roddick
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | | | - Li Gao
- South East Water, Frankston, Victoria 3199, Australia
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3
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Cen X, Li J, Jiang G, Zheng M. A critical review of chemical uses in urban sewer systems. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 240:120108. [PMID: 37257296 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Chemical dosing is the most used strategy for sulfide and methane abatement in urban sewer systems. Although conventional physicochemical methods, such as sulfide oxidation (e.g., oxygen/nitrate), precipitation (e.g., iron salts), and pH elevation (e.g., magnesium hydroxide/sodium hydroxide) have been used since the last century, the high chemical cost, large environmental footprint, and side-effects on downstream treatment processes demand a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to these approaches. In this paper, we aimed to review the currently used chemicals and significant progress made in sustainable sulfide and methane abatement technology, including 1) the use of bio-inhibitors, 2) in situ chemical production, and 3) an effective dosing strategy. To enhance the cost-effectiveness of chemical applications in urban sewer systems, two research directions have emerged: 1) online control and optimization of chemical dosing strategies and 2) integrated use of chemicals in urban sewer and wastewater treatment systems. The integration of these approaches offers considerable system-wide benefits; however, further development and comprehensive studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Cen
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jiuling Li
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Guangming Jiang
- School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Min Zheng
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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4
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Zhang L, Qiu YY, Sharma KR, Shi T, Song Y, Sun J, Liang Z, Yuan Z, Jiang F. Hydrogen sulfide control in sewer systems: A critical review of recent progress. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 240:120046. [PMID: 37224665 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In sewer systems where anaerobic conditions are present, sulfate-reducing bacteria reduce sulfate to hydrogen sulfide (H2S), leading to sewer corrosion and odor emission. Various sulfide/corrosion control strategies have been proposed, demonstrated, and optimized in the past decades. These included (1) chemical addition to sewage to reduce sulfide formation, to remove dissolved sulfide after its formation, or to reduce H2S emission from sewage to sewer air, (2) ventilation to reduce the H2S and humidity levels in sewer air, and (3) amendments of pipe materials/surfaces to retard corrosion. This work aims to comprehensively review both the commonly used sulfide control measures and the emerging technologies, and to shed light on their underlying mechanisms. The optimal use of the above-stated strategies is also analyzed and discussed in depth. The key knowledge gaps and major challenges associated with these control strategies are identified and strategies dealing with these gaps and challenges are recommended. Finally, we emphasize a holistic approach to sulfide control by managing sewer networks as an integral part of an urban water system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ying Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keshab R Sharma
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Tao Shi
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yarong Song
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jianliang Sun
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhensheng Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Feng Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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5
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Zhang G, Wang G, Zhou Y, Zhu DZ, Zhang Y, Zhang T. Simultaneous use of nitrate and calcium peroxide to control sulfide and greenhouse gas emission in sewers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158913. [PMID: 36411604 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The sewer system is a significant source of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and greenhouse gases which has attracted extensive interest from researchers. In this study, a novel combined dosing strategy using nitrate and calcium peroxide (CaO2) was proposed to simultaneously control sulfide and greenhouse gases, and its performance was evaluated in laboratory-scale reactors. Results suggested that the addition of nitrate and CaO2 improved the effectiveness of sulfide control. And the combination index method further proved that nitrate and CaO2 were synergistic in controlling sulfide. Meanwhile, the combination of nitrate and CaO2 substantially reduced greenhouse gas emissions, especially the carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). The microbial analysis revealed that the combined addition greatly stimulated the accumulation of nitrate reducing-sulfide oxidizing bacteria (NR-SOB) that participate in anoxic nitrate-dependent sulfide oxidation, while the abundance of heterotrophic denitrification bacteria (hNRB) was reduced significantly. Moreover, the presence of oxygen and alkaline chemicals generated by CaO2 facilitated the inhibition of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) activities. Therefore, the nitrate dosage was diminished significantly. On the other hand, the generated alkaline chemicals promoted CO2 elimination and inhibited the activities of methanogens, leading to a decrease of CO2 and CH4 fluxes, which facilitated elimination of greenhouse effects. The intermittent dosing test showed that the nitrate and CaO2 could be applied intermittently for sulfide removal. And the chemical cost of intermittent dosing strategy was reduced by 85 % compared to the continuous dosing nitrate strategy. Therefore, intermittent dosing nitrate combined with CaO2 is probably an effective and economical approach to control sulfide and greenhouse gases in sewer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijiao Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Gaowu Wang
- Hangzhou Binjiang water Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yongchao Zhou
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - David Z Zhu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2W2, Canada; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tuqiao Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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6
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Shi X, Tian J, Kang L, Ren B, Jin X, Wang XC, Jin P. Evaluating the oxidation inhibition of sulfide in urban sewers using a novel quantitative method. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:133958. [PMID: 35176294 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sulfide inhibition is a critical task for the secure operation of sewer systems, and oxidation is usually utilised to achieve this purpose. However, the effects and mechanism of oxidation during the transformation of sulfur-associated pollutants in gas-liquid-solid phases of sewers have not been extensively evaluated. In this study, a method for quantifying sulfur-associated pollutant exchange pathways in gas-liquid-solid phases of sewers was established. The results showed that although the concentration of sulfide decreased under different oxidation conditions, the consumption of sulfate in sewers clearly increased. The transformation strength of elemental sulfur was high (18.65 mg/L, 35.52% of sulfate from the influent) and the accumulation of sulfate in sediment was obvious (3.49 mg/L, 6.65% of sulfate from the influent). Higher concentrations of sulfate in the influent promoted the generation of sulfide in sediment (8.98 mg/L, 17.10%). Thus, the oxidation process led to the generation of more absolute sulfide. In addition, promoting the metabolism of sulfate-reducing bacteria enhanced the loss of organic carbon in sewers, which might weaken the efficacy of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in wastewater treatment plants. Based on the evaluation of the exchange pathways of sulfur-associated pollutants in sewers, further studies into sulfide inhibition in sewers should consider the above issues to enhance the safe management of urban sewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Shi
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi Province, 710049, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710055, China
| | - Jiameng Tian
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710055, China
| | - Le Kang
- Department of Chinese Language and Literature, Shaanxi Xueqian Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Bo Ren
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710055, China
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi Province, 710049, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710055, China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710055, China
| | - Pengkang Jin
- School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shannxi Province, 710049, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710055, China.
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7
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Zhang Z, Chang N, Wang S, Lu J, Li K, Zheng C. Enhancing sulfide mitigation via the sustainable supply of oxygen from air-nanobubbles in gravity sewers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:152203. [PMID: 34890666 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Traditional air or oxygen injection is an effective and economical mitigation strategy for sulfide control in pressure sewers, but it is not suitable for gravity sewers due to the low solubility of oxygen in water under normal atmospheric conditions. Herein, an air-nanobubble (ANB) injection method was proposed for sulfide mitigation in gravity sewers, and its sulfide control efficiency was evaluated by long-term laboratory gravity sewer reactors. The results showed that an average inhibition rate of 45.36% for sulfide was obtained when ANBs were implemented, which was 3.75 times higher than that of the traditional air injection method, revealing the effectiveness and feasibility of the ANB injection method. As suggested by microbial community analysis of sewer biofilms, the relative abundance of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) decreased 40.57% while that of sulfur oxidizing bacteria (SOB) increased 215.27% in the presence of ANBs, indicating that sulfide mitigation by ANB injection included both the inhibition of sulfide production and the oxidation of dissolved sulfide. The specific cost consumption of ANB injection was 1.7 $/kg-S, which was only 6.85% of that of traditional air injection (24.8 $/kg-S), suggesting that the sustainable supply of oxygen based on ANB injection is not only environmentally but also economically beneficial for sulfide mitigation. The findings of this study may provide an efficient sulfide mitigation strategy for the management of corrosion and malodour issues in the poorly ventilated gravity sewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Chang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheping Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China; Xi'an Municipal Design and Research Institute, No.100 Zhuque Road, Xi'an 710068, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsuo Lu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kexin Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, People's Republic of China
| | - Cailin Zheng
- Ankang Municipal Facilities Management, House and Urban Rural Development Department of Ankang, NO.1 Bingjiang Road, Ankang 725000, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
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8
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Rathnayake D, Bal Krishna KC, Kastl G, Sathasivan A. The role of pH on sewer corrosion processes and control methods: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 782:146616. [PMID: 33838374 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The production and emission of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in sewer systems is associated with the corrosion of sewer structures and harmful odour. Numerous studies have been conducted to find the best solution to overcome this issue. The pH plays a critical role not only on microbial and chemical processes that are responsible for all processes of corrosion but also on the efficiency of several control methods. This paper first critically reviews the literature on the interplay between pH and various chemical and microbial in-sewer processes, followed by a review of the control methods that depend on pH or indirectly alter pH. The paper argues that proper evaluation of each method should include the impact the control method has on downstream processes. This paper concludes the raising of pH has several benefits but is operationally difficult to implement. It also emphasises single control method may not be as efficient as combination of one or two methods in controlling the production and emission of H2S. Finally, the research requirements and future directions in relation to emerging and potential methods that are not heavily reliant on pH control are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dileepa Rathnayake
- School of Engineering, Western Sydney University, Kingswood, NSW 2747, Australia.
| | - K C Bal Krishna
- School of Engineering, Western Sydney University, Kingswood, NSW 2747, Australia.
| | - George Kastl
- School of Engineering, Western Sydney University, Kingswood, NSW 2747, Australia.
| | - Arumugam Sathasivan
- School of Engineering, Western Sydney University, Kingswood, NSW 2747, Australia.
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9
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Rodríguez-Gómez LE, Rodríguez-Sevilla J, Hernández A, Álvarez M. Factors affecting nitrification with nitrite accumulation in treated wastewater by oxygen injection. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:813-825. [PMID: 31314696 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1645742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work provides information on nitrification with nitrite accumulation in low strength ammonia (below 50 mg L-1 NH4-N) and low organic matter (below 150 mg L-1 COD) reclaimed wastewater. In the South Tenerife reclaimed wastewater pipeline (62 km long), injection of O2 has been applied to promote a nitrification process in order to improve water quality and to avoid anaerobic conditions. Nitrification occurs, in most cases, with nitrite accumulation. The amount of oxidized nitrogen compounds produced increases with the oxygen dose applied. The nitrification process is usually favoured instead of the organic matter transformation, due to the low organic matter/ammonia nitrogen ratio of water. The influence of organic matter content on nitrification has been analysed, and a good suitability for COD has been found as an indicator for nitrification limitation (for the range of COD and NH4-N concentrations of the system). Nitrification limitation has been observed above 85 mg L-1 COD, and nitrification inhibition above a concentration of 105 mg L-1. In addition, the limitation of nitrite oxidation bacteria activity (nitrite accumulation) by free ammonia and temperature has been assessed, finding that, for the range of free ammonia (0.6-2.1 mg L-1 NH3) and temperature (20.4-27.0°C) in the study, temperature plays a much more relevant role than free ammonia on nitrite accumulation. The lower limiting temperature for nitrite build-up in the system has been 21.0°C. Below this temperature, nitrite accumulation did not exist or was very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Rodríguez-Gómez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Juan Rodríguez-Sevilla
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Antonio Hernández
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Manuel Álvarez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
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10
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Gao R, Zhang Z, Zhang T, Liu J, Lu J. Upstream Natural Pulsed Ventilation: A simple measure to control the sulfide and methane production in gravity sewer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 742:140579. [PMID: 32629266 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Production of sulfide and methane due to anaerobic biological transformations in sewer pipes causes serious problems to sewer maintenance. For gravity sewers, enhancing ventilation is a practical method that reduces the production of both sulfide and methane. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a new method, Upstream Natural Pulsed Ventilation (UNPV), to control sulfide and methane production in gravity sewers. Two lab-scale reactors simulating the gravity sewer pipe with and without ventilation were set up to assess the effectiveness. The results show that compared with the gravity sewer pipe without ventilation, under the UNPV condition, the total sulfide concentration reduced by 39.08% and 58.74%, and the methane concentration reduced by 42.29% and 35.70% in the upstream and downstream sewer pipe, respectively. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that the UNPV method could inhibit the proliferation of sulfate-reducing bacteria and stimulate the proliferation of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria within the whole sewer pipe. The composition of methanogenic archaea that are responsible for methane production was changed by ventilation. The increased oxidation-reduction potential and organic carbon transportation in wastewater under ventilation may be responsible for the microbial community changes. The findings of this study may provide new insight to reduce sulfide and methane production in gravity sewers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyue Gao
- Environmental and Municipal Engineering Department, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Environmental and Municipal Engineering Department, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Tingwei Zhang
- Environmental and Municipal Engineering Department, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Junzhuo Liu
- Environmental and Municipal Engineering Department, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jinsuo Lu
- Environmental and Municipal Engineering Department, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, PR China.
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11
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Shi X, Gao G, Tian J, Wang XC, Jin X, Jin P. Symbiosis of sulfate-reducing bacteria and methanogenic archaea in sewer systems. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 143:105923. [PMID: 32634668 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sulfide and methane emissions always simultaneously exist in natural environment and constitute a major topic of societal concern. However, the metabolic environments between sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and methanogenic archaea (MA) exist a great difference, which seems to be opposite to the coexisting phenomenon. To explore this issue, the comprehensive biofilm structures, substrate consuming and metabolism pathways of SRB and MA were investigated in a case study of urban sewers. The results showed that, due to the stricter environmental requirements of MA than SRB, SRB became the preponderant microorganism which promoted the rapid generation of sulfide in the initial period of biofilm formation. According to a metagenomic analysis, the SRB appeared to be more preferential than MA in sewers, and the preponderant SRB could provide a key medium (Methyl-coenzyme M) for methane metabolism. Therefore, the diversity of MA gradually increased, and the symbiosis system formed preliminarily. In addition, via L-cysteine, methane metabolism also participated in sulfide consumption which was involved in cysteine and methionine metabolism. This phenomenon of sulfide consumption led to the forward reaction of sulfide metabolism, which could promote sulfide generation while stabilizing the pH value (H+ concentration) and S2- concentrations which should have inhibited SRB and MA production. Therefore, the heavily intertwined interactions between sulfide and methane metabolism provided environmental security for SRB and MA, and completely formed the symbiosis between SRB and MA. Based on these findings, an ecological model involving synergistic mechanism between sulfide and methane generation is proposed and this model can also improve understanding on the symbiosis of SRB and MA in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Shi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710055, China
| | - Ge Gao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710055, China
| | - Jiameng Tian
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710055, China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710055, China; Northwest China Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment Ecology, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710055, China
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710055, China
| | - Pengkang Jin
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710055, China; Northwest China Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment Ecology, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710055, China.
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12
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Mathews ER, Wood JL, Phillips D, Billington N, Barnett D, Franks AE. Town-scale microbial sewer community and H 2S emissions response to common chemical and biological dosing treatments. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 87:133-148. [PMID: 31791487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Controlling hydrogen sulfide (H2S) odors and emissions using a single, effective treatment across a town-scale sewer network is a challenge faced by many water utilities. Implementation of a sewer diversion provided the opportunity to compare the effectiveness of magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) and two biological dosing compounds (Bioproducts A and B), with different modes of action (MOA), in a field-test across a large sewer network. Mg(OH)2 increases sewer pH allowing suppression of H2S release into the sewer environment while Bioproduct A acts to disrupt microbial communication through quorum sensing (QS), reducing biofilm integrity. Bioproduct B reduces H2S odors by scouring the sewer of fats, oils and grease (FOGs), which provide adhesion points for the microbial biofilm. Results revealed that only Mg(OH)2 altered the microbial community structure and reduced H2S emissions in a live sewer system, whilst Bioproducts A and B did not reduce H2S emissions or have an observable effect on the composition of the microbial community at the dosed site. Study results recommend in situ testing of dosing treatments before implementation across an operational system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Mathews
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Wood
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Ashley E Franks
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Future Landscapes, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
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13
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Wiley PE. Reduction of hydrogen sulfide gas in a small wastewater collection system using sodium hydroxide. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2019; 91:483-490. [PMID: 30624825 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Kennebunk Sewer District collection system experienced H2 S-induced corrosion downstream of terminus manholes for the Wells Road and Boothby Road pumping stations. An automated odor control system using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was developed to mitigate further corrosion. System performance was quantified by recording the [H2 S] in the terminus manholes before and after NaOH treatment. Preliminary evaluation at the Wells Road facility demonstrated significant (p < 0.001) reduction in the average [H2 S] between the treatment (4.8 ± 0.3 ppm) and control (67 ± 1.5 ppm). Permanent systems installed at both facilities in 2017 yielded similar positive results. The average [H2 S] in the Wells and Boothby Road terminus manholes reduced from 89.4 ± 1.0 to 8.0 ± 0.1 ppm and from 7.9 ± 0.2 to 0.82 ± 0.06 ppm, respectively. This work demonstrates the ability of the NaOH system presented here to minimize emission of corrosive H2 S gas in small collection systems. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Biologically-produced hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) gas corrodes sewer collection system components and results in premature asset failure. Maintaining wastewater pH above 8.5 by injecting sodium hydroxide (NaOH) minimizes H2 S emission by shifting the molar distribution of sulfur species and partially inhibiting the anaerobes that produce H2 S. The practical application of this approach may be limited to small wastewater collection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick E Wiley
- Portsmouth Public Works Department, Portsmouth, New Hampshire
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14
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Oxidative Stress Effects of Soluble Sulfide on Human Hepatocyte Cell Line LO2. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16091662. [PMID: 31086073 PMCID: PMC6539978 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Soluble sulfide is well known for its toxicity and corrosion for hundreds of years. However, recent studies have demonstrated that hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-a novel gasotransmitter-supports a critical role during neuromodulation, cell proliferation, and cardioprotection for organisms. In particular, soluble sulfide plays multifaceted signaling functions in mammals during oxidative stress processes. However, the specific molecular regulation of soluble sulfide during oxidative stress remains unclear. In this study, Na2S was implemented as a soluble sulfide donor to expose LO2 cells. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2),-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, hydroxyl radical assay, superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) assay were applied to analyze cytotoxicity, hydroxyl radical levels, SOD and GSH-Px activities, respectively. Soluble sulfide at a concentration 0.01-1.0 mM/L resulted in a marked and concentration-dependent reduction of LO2 cell viability. At low concentrations, sulfide solutions increased SOD activity and GSH-Px activity of LO2 after 24 h exposure, exhibiting a clear hormesis-effect and indicating the protective ability of soluble sulfide against oxidative stress. The decline in SOD and GSH-Px and the increase in hydroxyl radical (0.08-1.0 mM/L) suggested that oxidative damage could be a possible mechanism for sulfide-induced cytotoxicity.
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Song Y, Wightman E, Tian Y, Jack K, Li X, Zhong H, Bond PL, Yuan Z, Jiang G. Corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete sewers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 649:739-748. [PMID: 30176484 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide is a controlling factor for concrete corrosion in sewers, although its impact on sewer rebar corrosion has not been investigated to date. This study determined the corrosion mechanism of rebar in sewers by elucidating the roles of chloride ions, apart from the effects of hydrogen sulfide and biogenic sulfuric acid. The nature and distribution of rusts at the steel/concrete interface were delineated using the advanced mineral analytical techniques, including mineral liberation analysis and micro X-ray diffraction which is the first-ever use in such studies. The corrosion products were found to be mainly iron oxides or oxy-hydroxides. H2S and biogenic sulfuric acid did not directly participate in the product formation of steel partly covered by concrete or directly exposed to sewer atmosphere. Instead, chloride ions played an important role in initiating steel corrosion in sewers, supported by a thin chloride-enriched layer at the steel/rust interface. Away from the chloride-enriched layer, iron oxides accumulated on both sides of the mill-scale to form a corrosion layer and corrosion-filled paste respectively. The corrosion layer around rebar circumference was non-uniform and the rust thickness with respect to polar coordinates followed a Gaussian model. These findings support predictions of sewer service lifetime and developments of corrosion prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarong Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Elaine Wightman
- Sustainable Minerals Institute, Julius Kruttschnitt Mineral Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
| | - Yimei Tian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Kevin Jack
- Center for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xuan Li
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Huiyun Zhong
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Philip L Bond
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Guangming Jiang
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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