Prospects of microbial-engineering for the production of graphene and its derivatives: Application to design nanosystms for cancer theranostics

Composite porphyrin-based conjugated microporous polymer/graphene oxide capable of photo-triggered combinational antibacterial therapy and wound healing

Developing antibiotic-free treatment strategies to cope with the crisis on drug-resistant bacteria, are urgently needed. Antibiotics-independent physical approaches, especially the non-invasive phototherapies, worked through the assistance of photosensitizer (PS), have geared intensive attention and interests. Here, composite porphyrin-based conjugated microporous polymer/graphene oxide, denoted as GO-TAPP, combining the advantages of each component perfectly, was developed as broad-spectrum antibacterial agent. GO-TAPP, prepared via the self-oxidation coupling of tetraethynyl porphyrin on the surface of graphene oxide, could exert synergistic photothermal (PTT, ascribed to the graphene) and photodynamic (PDT, derived from the Porphyrin polymer) antimicrobial effectiveness. Both the in vivo and in vitro experiments have confirmed GO-TAPP are extremely potent against the Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) pathogens, which presents a remarkably enhanced sterilizing effect in comparison with its counterparts (the bare GO, and TAPP). Meanwhile, the synergistic effect of GO-TAPP could significantly accelerate the healing of open wound infected by bacterial. Altogether, this work proposed a new approach for the rational preparation of highly biocompatible graphene-based composite materials as antibiotic-free agents with synergistic antibacterial effect to combat bacterial infections.