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Arachchige DL, Dwivedi SK, Olowolagba AM, Peters J, Beatty AC, Guo A, Wang C, Werner T, Luck RL, Liu H. Dynamic insights into mitochondrial function: Monitoring viscosity and SO 2 levels in living cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 258:112986. [PMID: 39084140 PMCID: PMC11419399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria, central organelles pivotal for eukaryotic cell function, extend their influence beyond ATP production, encompassing roles in apoptosis, calcium signaling, and biosynthesis. Recent studies spotlight two emerging determinants of mitochondrial functionality: intramitochondrial viscosity and sulfur dioxide (SO2) levels. While optimal mitochondrial viscosity governs molecular diffusion and vital processes like oxidative phosphorylation, aberrations are linked with neurodegenerative conditions, diabetes, and cancer. Similarly, SO2, a gaseous signaling molecule, modulates energy pathways and oxidative stress responses; however, imbalances lead to cytotoxic sulfite and bisulfite accumulation, triggering disorders such as cancer and cardiovascular anomalies. Our research focused on development of a dual-channel fluorescent probe, applying electron-withdrawing acceptors within a coumarin dye matrix, facilitating monitoring of mitochondrial viscosity and SO2 in live cells. This probe distinguishes fluorescence peaks at 650 nm and 558 nm, allowing ratiometric quantification of SO2 without interference from other sulfur species. Moreover, it enables near-infrared viscosity determination, particularly within mitochondria. The investigation employed theoretical calculations utilizing Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods to ascertain molecular geometries and calculate rotational energies. Notably, the indolium segment of the probe exhibited the lowest rotational energy, quantified at 7.38 kcals/mol. The probe featured heightened mitochondrial viscosity dynamics when contained within HeLa cells subjected to agents like nystatin, monensin, and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Overall, our innovative methodology elucidates intricate mitochondrial factors, presenting transformative insights into cellular energetics, redox homeostasis, and therapeutic avenues for mitochondrial-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilka Liyana Arachchige
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States of America; Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States of America
| | - Sushil K Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States of America; Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States of America.
| | - Adenike Mary Olowolagba
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States of America; Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States of America
| | - Joseph Peters
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States of America; Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States of America
| | - Ashlyn Colleen Beatty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States of America
| | - Alicia Guo
- Trinity School at River Ridge/Eagan, St Paul, MN 55121, United States of America
| | - Crystal Wang
- Houghton High School, 1603 Gundlach Rd, Houghton, MI 49931, United States of America
| | - Thomas Werner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States of America
| | - Rudy L Luck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States of America.
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States of America; Health Research Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States of America.
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2
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Olowolagba AM, Idowu MO, Arachchige DL, Aworinde OR, Dwivedi SK, Graham OR, Werner T, Luck RL, Liu H. Syntheses and Applications of Coumarin-Derived Fluorescent Probes for Real-Time Monitoring of NAD(P)H Dynamics in Living Cells across Diverse Chemical Environments. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:5437-5451. [PMID: 38995885 PMCID: PMC11333170 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes play a crucial role in elucidating cellular processes, with NAD(P)H sensing being pivotal in understanding cellular metabolism and redox biology. Here, the development and characterization of three fluorescent probes, A, B, and C, based on the coumarin platform for monitoring of NAD(P)H levels in living cells are described. Probes A and B incorporate a coumarin-cyanine hybrid structure with vinyl and thiophene connection bridges to 3-quinolinium acceptors, respectively, while probe C introduces a dicyano moiety for replacement of the lactone carbonyl group of probe A which increases the reaction rate of the probe with NAD(P)H. Initially, all probes exhibit subdued fluorescence due to intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) quenching. However, upon hydride transfer by NAD(P)H, fluorescence activation is triggered through enhanced ICT. Theoretical calculations confirm that the electronic absorption changes upon the addition of hydride to originate from the quinoline moiety instead of the coumarin section and end up in the middle section, illustrating how the addition of hydride affects the nature of this absorption. Control and dose-response experiments provide conclusive evidence of probe C's specificity and reliability in identifying intracellular NAD(P)H levels within HeLa cells. Furthermore, colocalization studies indicate probe C's selective targeting of mitochondria. Investigation into metabolic substrates reveals the influence of glucose, maltose, pyruvate, lactate, acesulfame potassium, and aspartame on NAD(P)H levels, shedding light on cellular responses to nutrient availability and artificial sweeteners. Additionally, we explore the consequence of oxaliplatin on cellular NAD(P)H levels, revealing complex interplays between DNA damage repair, metabolic reprogramming, and enzyme activities. In vivo studies utilizing starved fruit fly larvae underscore probe C's efficacy in monitoring NAD(P)H dynamics in response to external compounds. These findings highlight probe C's utility as a versatile tool for investigating NAD(P)H signaling pathways in biomedical research contexts, offering insights into cellular metabolism, stress responses, and disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adenike Mary Olowolagba
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Micah Olamide Idowu
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Dilka Liyana Arachchige
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | | | - Sushil K Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Olivya Rose Graham
- Department of Biological Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Thomas Werner
- Department of Biological Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Rudy L Luck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
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Gui R, Jin H. Organic fluorophores-based molecular probes with dual-fluorescence ratiometric responses to in-vitro/in-vivo pH for biosensing, bioimaging and biotherapeutics applications. Talanta 2024; 275:126171. [PMID: 38703479 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, organic fluorophores-based molecular probes with dual-fluorescence ratiometric responses to in-vitro/in-vivo pH (DFR-MPs-pH) have been attracting much interest in fundamental application research fields. More and more scientific publications have reported the exploration of various DFR-MPs-pH systems that have unique dual-fluorescence ratiometry as the signal output, in-built and signal self-calibration functions to improve precise detection of targets. DFR-MPs-pH systems possess high-performance applications in biosensing, bioimaging and biomedicine fields. This review has comprehensively summarized recent advances of DFR-MPs-pH for the first time. First of all, the compositions and types of DFR-MPs-pH are introduced by summarizing different organic fluorophores-based molecule systems. Then, construction strategies are analyzed based on specific components, structures, properties and functions of DFR-MPs-pH. Afterward, biosensing and bioimaging applications are discussed in detail, primarily referring to pH sensing and imaging detection at the levels of living cells and small animals. Finally, biomedicine applications are fully summarized, majorly involving bio-toxicity evaluation, bio-distribution, biomedical diagnosis and therapeutics. Meanwhile, the current status, challenges and perspectives are rationally commented after detailed discussions of representative and state-of-the-art studies. Overall, this present review is comprehensive, in-time and in-depth, and can facilitate the following further exploration of new and versatile DFR-MPs-pH systems toward rational design, facile preparation, superior properties, adjustable functions and highly efficient applications in promising fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rijun Gui
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Intellectual Property Research Institute, Qingdao University, Shandong, 266071, PR China.
| | - Hui Jin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Intellectual Property Research Institute, Qingdao University, Shandong, 266071, PR China
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Mukherjee A, Kar S, Das S, Bera T, Mondal A, Sengupta A, Guha S. Design of an Acidic pH-Activated NIR Fluorescent Convertible Rhodamine-Hemicyanine Probe-Peptide Conjugate for Living Cancer Cell Active Targeted Selective Tracking of Lysosomes. Chemistry 2024:e202402146. [PMID: 38923172 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202402146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
We have synthesized an acidic pH-activatable dual targeting ratiometric fluorescent probe-peptide conjugate using the SPPS protocol on Rink amide AM resin. Living carcinoma cell specific active targeting, successive cell penetration, and selective staining of lysosomes are accomplished. Real-time monitoring of lysosomes, 3D, and multicolor cancer cell imaging are also attained. The de novo design consists of the integration of multifunctionality into a single molecular scaffold, e. g., RGDS peptide residue to target cancer cell surface overexpressed receptor αVβ3 integrin, live-cell penetrating organic unsymmetrical rhodamine-hemicyanine chromophore comprising a lysosome targeting morpholine group, and an acidic pH openable spiro-lactam ring for a visible-to-NIR switchable ratiometric response. Water-soluble fluorescent probe-peptide conjugate exhibits intramolecular spirolactamization at basic pH through Arg amide N. The visible spirolactam state predominantly exists at physiological and basic pH and can be switched to the highly conjugated NIR open amide state (λem=735 nm) through spiro-lactam ring opening triggered by acidic pH with a huge bathochromic shift (Δλabs=336 nm, ΔλFL=265 nm). Moreover, pH-sensitive ratiometric optical switching is achieved. This in situ acidic cancer cell lysosome activatable multifunctional fluorophore-peptide conjugate shows augmented molar absorptivity, enhanced quantum yield, and improved fluorescence lifetime at acidic lysosomal pH; negligible cytotoxicity; and dual targeted ratiometric imaging capability of living cancer cell selective lysosomes with a pKa value of 5.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Samiran Kar
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Shreya Das
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Tapas Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Aniruddha Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Arunima Sengupta
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, 700032, Kolkata, India
| | - Samit Guha
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Jadavpur University, 700032, Kolkata, India
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Munan S, Yadav R, Pareek N, Samanta A. Ratiometric fluorescent probes for pH mapping in cellular organelles. Analyst 2023; 148:4242-4262. [PMID: 37581493 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00960b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular pH (pHi) in organelles, including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and nuclei, differs from the cytoplasmic pH, and thus maintaining the pH of these organelles is crucial for cellular homeostasis. Alterations in the intracellular pH (ΔpHi) in organelles lead to the disruption of cell proliferation, ion transportation, cellular homeostasis, and even cell death. Hence, accurately mapping the pH of organelles is crucial. Accordingly, the development of fluorescence imaging probes for targeting specific organelles and monitoring their dynamics at the molecular level has become the forefront of research in the last three decades. Among them, ratiometric fluorescent probes minimize the interference from the excitation wavelength of light, auto-fluorescence from probe concentration, environmental fluctuations, and instrument sensitivity through self-correction compared to monochromatic fluorescent probes, which are known as turn-on/off fluorescent probes. Small-molecular ratiometric fluorescent probes for detecting ΔpHi are challenging yet demanding. To date, sixty-two ratiometric pH probes have been reported for monitoring internal pH alterations in cellular organelles. However, a critical review on organelle-specific ratiometric probes for pH mapping is still lacking. Thus, in the present review, we report the most recent advances in ratiometric pH probes and the previous data on the role of mapping the ΔpHi of cellular organelles. The development strategy, including ratiometric fluorescence with one reference signal (RFRS) and ratiometric fluorescence with two reversible signals (RFRvS), is systematically illustrated. Finally, we emphasize the major challenges in developing ratiometric probes that merit further research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Munan
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics (MST) Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institute of Eminence Deemed to be University, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Uttar Pradesh, India 201314.
| | - Rashmi Yadav
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics (MST) Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institute of Eminence Deemed to be University, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Uttar Pradesh, India 201314.
| | - Niharika Pareek
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics (MST) Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institute of Eminence Deemed to be University, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Uttar Pradesh, India 201314.
| | - Animesh Samanta
- Molecular Sensors and Therapeutics (MST) Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institute of Eminence Deemed to be University, NH 91, Tehsil Dadri, Uttar Pradesh, India 201314.
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Fan Y, Wu Y, Hou J, Wang P, Peng X, Ge G. Coumarin-based near-infrared fluorogenic probes: Recent advances, challenges and future perspectives. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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7
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Dwivedi SK, Arachchige DL, Vohs T, Tang J, Usimaki K, Olowolagba AM, Fritz DR, Luck RL, Werner T, Liu H. Near-infrared rhodol dyes bearing salicylaldehyde moieties for ratiometric pH sensing in live cells during mitophagy and under hypoxia conditions. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:2852-2861. [PMID: 36808460 PMCID: PMC10171916 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb02791g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
We describe a simple but efficient approach to make fluorescent probes A and B based on rhodol dyes incorporated with salicyaldehyde moiety for monitoring pH changes in mitochondria under oxidative stresses and hypoxia conditions, and for tracking mitophagy processes. Probes A and B possess pKa values (pKa ≈ 6.41 and 6.83 respectively) near physiological pH and exhibit decent mitochondria-targeted capabilities, low cytotoxicity, and useful ratiometric and reversible pH responses, which make the probes appropriate for monitoring pH fluctuations of mitochondria in living cells with built-in calibration feature for quantitative analysis. The probes have been effectively useful for the ratiometric determination of pH variations of mitochondria under the stimuli of carbonyl cyanide-4(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), and during mitophagy triggered by cell nutrient deprivation, and under hypoxia conditions with cobalt chloride (CoCl2) treatment in living cells. In addition, probe A was efficient in visualizing pH changes in the larvae of fruit flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil K Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, and Research Health Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Dilka Liyana Arachchige
- Department of Chemistry, and Research Health Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Tara Vohs
- Department of Chemistry, and Research Health Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Jiani Tang
- High School, Houghton Portage Township Schools, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Kyle Usimaki
- Department of Chemistry, and Research Health Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Adenike Mary Olowolagba
- Department of Chemistry, and Research Health Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Delaney Raine Fritz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Rudy L Luck
- Department of Chemistry, and Research Health Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Thomas Werner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, and Research Health Institute, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
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8
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Jiang L, Zheng T, Xu Z, Li J, Li H, Tang J, Liu S, Wang Y. New NIR spectroscopic probe with a large Stokes shift for Hg 2+ and Ag + detection and living cells imaging. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 271:120916. [PMID: 35085998 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.120916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A new near-infrared (NIR) probe based on a coumarinyl ligand (CL) was designed and synthesized. The probe CL can be used for simultaneous fluorescent turn-on and colorimetric detection of Hg2+ and Ag+ in ethanol/water medium. Colorless solution of probe CL changed to light yellow or dark yellow after addition of Hg2+ or Ag+ ions. Meanwhile the maximum absorption band shifted from 379 nm to 404 nm and the intensity increased enormously (for Hg2+) or moderately (for Ag+). Probe CL displayed an extraordinarily large Stokes shift of 316 nm and addition of Hg2+ or Ag+ to probe CL induced enhancement in the intensity of fluorescence emission at 695 nm by 15 or 8 fold. The detection limit of CL for Hg2+ and Ag+ ions is 0.83 and 8.8 μM, respectively. The applicable pH for sensing Hg2+ by probe CL is in a broad range of 2-12. Application of probe CL for in vitro U87MG cell imaging to detect Hg2+ ions was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
| | - Zhenxiang Xu
- Penglai Xinguang Pigment Chemical Co, Ltd, Penglai 265601, China
| | - Jiayin Li
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hongqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Junjie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Shicheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yiyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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Zhang Y, Liyana Arachchige D, Olowolagba A, Luck RL, Liu H. Near-infrared Fluorescent Probe Based on Rhodamine Derivative for Detection of NADH in Live Cells. Methods 2022; 204:22-28. [PMID: 35381337 PMCID: PMC9233151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2022.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A near-infrared fluorescent probe was prepared for selective detection of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) in live cells. The probe turns off the fluorescence with a closed spironolactone switch. However, reduction of the probe by NADH turns on fluorescence at 740 nm. Theoretical calculations suggest a more planar arrangement between the rhodamine and quinoline moieties with increased π-delocalization resulting from reduction.
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A benzocoumarin-based fluorescent probe for highly specific ultra-sensitive fast detecting endogenous/exogenous hypochlorous acid and its applications. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.113843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Banik D, Manna SK, Maiti A, Mahapatra AK. Recent Advancements in Colorimetric and Fluorescent pH Chemosensors: From Design Principles to Applications. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 53:1313-1373. [PMID: 35086371 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.2023002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Due to the immense biological significance of pH in diverse living systems, the design, synthesis, and development of pH chemosensors for pH monitoring has been a very active research field in recent times. In this review, we summarize the designing strategies, sensing mechanisms, biological and environmental applications of fluorogenic and chromogenic pH chemosensors of the last three years (2018-2020). We categorized these pH probes into seven types based on their applications, including 1) Cancer cell discriminating pH probes; 2) Lysosome targetable pH probes; 3) Mitochondria targetable pH probes; 4) Golgi body targetable pH probes; 5) Endoplasmic reticulum targetable pH probes; 6) pH probes used in nonspecific cell imaging; and 7) pH probes without cell imaging. All these different categories exhibit diverse applications of pH probes in biological and environmental fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjan Banik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal, India
| | - Saikat Kumar Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Haldia Government College, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal, India
| | - Anwesha Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Mahapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal, India
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Liu K, Fan L, Huang S, Sun J, Wang X, Li H, Si C, Zhang W, Li T, Yang Z. A benzocoumarin-based fluorescent probe for ultra-sensitive and fast detection of endogenous/exogenous hypochlorous acid and its applications. Analyst 2022; 147:1976-1985. [DOI: 10.1039/d1an02178h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is widely used in daily production and life because of its green and strongly oxidizing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Long Fan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Sujie Huang
- College of Basic Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui 741001, PR China
| | - Huixue Li
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui 741001, PR China
| | - Changdai Si
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui 741001, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Basic Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Tianrong Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Zhengyin Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
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Fu M, Yang M, Xu X. Upconversion fluorescent nanoprobe based on 4-NP reversible structure for a wide range of pH determination. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01803a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Accurate detection of pH value has received more and more attention in various fields. However, most reported probes show pH values in the acidic or alkaline range and work within...
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14
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Hu L, Zhang M, Dong J, Dong R, Yu C, Gong S, Yan Z. A neoteric dual-channel spectral sensor for wide-range pH detection based on variables in UV-vis peak and intensity. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:5224-5230. [PMID: 34698732 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01141c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A water-soluble 2',4',6'-trihydroxy phenylazo luminol dye (THPL) with a D-π-A conjugated structure was developed for the first time for the dual-channel spectral sensing of a wide-range of pH values in aqueous solutions, using phloroglucinol as the electron-donating group, heterocycle amide luminol as the electron-accepting one and -NN- as the π-conjugated bridge. Its UV-vis absorption spectrum, especially its spectral response to pH, was investigated in detail. The results confirmed that the proposed THPL exhibited superior UV-vis spectral properties, a strong molar absorption coefficient (εmax = 3.35 × 104 L mol-1 cm-1) and a small half-band width of ca. 126 nm. In particular, either the absorption intensity (Abs) or peak (λmax) changed linearly with pH values from 3.0 to 10.0 under the optimized conditions. Notably, THPL expressed an exclusive dual-channel spectral response to pH, i.e., Abs (a.u.) = 0.1316 + 0.0278 pH (R2 = 0.9921), λmax = 441.5 - 6.64 pH (R2 = 0.9968, pH = 3.0-6.0) and λmax = 359.6 + 7.38 pH (R2 = 0.9879, pH = 6.0-10.0). Under the optimized conditions, THPL was applied to detect pH values in some aqueous and fruit juice samples with satisfactory results. The reversible recognition mechanism was deduced by UV-vis titration, 1H NMR titration and theoretical calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China.
| | - Mengxin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China.
| | - Junwei Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China.
| | - Ran Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China.
| | - Caili Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China.
| | - Shijie Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China.
| | - Zhengquan Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China.
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15
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Hande PE, Shelke YG, Datta A, Gharpure SJ. Recent Advances in Small Molecule-Based Intracellular pH Probes. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100448. [PMID: 34695287 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular pH plays an important role in many biological and pathological processes. Small-molecule based pH probes are found to be the most effective for pH sensing because of ease of preparation, high sensitivity, and quick response. They have many advantages such as small perturbation to the functions of the target, functional adaptability, cellular component-specific localization, etc. The present review highlights the flurry of recent activity in the development of such probes. The probes are categorized based on the type of fluorophore used like quinoline, coumarin, BODIPY, rhodamine, indolium, naphthalimide, etc., and their analytical performance is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj E Hande
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Yogesh G Shelke
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Anindya Datta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Santosh J Gharpure
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
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16
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Wang S, Zhang Z, Huang Z, Lei X, Wang Y, Li L, Yang L, Liu H, Sun F, Ma LJ. A pyrene-based pH fluorescence probe with continuous multiple responses under acidic conditions and its application for environmental water systems and cells. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Wan S, Xia S, Medford J, Durocher E, Steenwinkel TE, Rule L, Zhang Y, Luck RL, Werner T, Liu H. A ratiometric near-infrared fluorescent probe based on a novel reactive cyanine platform for mitochondrial pH detection. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:5150-5161. [PMID: 34132313 PMCID: PMC8265329 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00643f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A near-infrared reactive cyanine platform (probe A) was prepared by condensation of 9-chloro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-10-methyl-acridinium iodide with Fisher's aldehyde. A near-infrared fluorescent probe (probe B) was prepared by modifying a reactive chlorine atom of probe A with tert-butyl(2-aminoethyl)carbamate through a substitution reaction. The deprotection of the Boc group of probe B was achieved under an acidic condition, affording an amine-functionalized cyanine dye (probe C). A near-infrared ratiometric fluorescent probe (probe D) for mitochondrial pH detection was synthesized by conjugating a FRET coumarin donor to a FRET cyanine acceptor (probe C) through an amide bond connection. Probe A shows low fluorescence of 2% due to an electron-withdrawing chlorine atom, while probes B-D display high fluorescence quantum yields of 60%, 32%, and 35% in aqueous solutions containing 10% ethanol, respectively. Probes B-D show strong fluorescence with push-pull molecular structures in neutral and basic pH conditions. However, protonation of the probe's second amine at the 9-position under acidic condition disrupts the push-pull feature of the probes, resulting in fluorescence quenching of the new cyanine fluorophores. The probes can selectively stain mitochondria, while probe D was employed to detect pH changes in HeLa cells and Drosophila melanogaster first-instar larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Wan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
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18
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Zhang Y, Xia S, Wan S, Steenwinkel TE, Vohs T, Luck RL, Werner T, Liu H. Ratiometric Detection of Glutathione Based on Disulfide Linkage Rupture between a FRET Coumarin Donor and a Rhodamine Acceptor. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2282-2291. [PMID: 33983667 PMCID: PMC8265326 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal levels of glutathione, a cellular antioxidant, can lead to a variety of diseases. We have constructed a near-infrared ratiometric fluorescent probe to detect glutathione concentrations in biological samples. The probe consists of a coumarin donor, which is connected through a disulfide-tethered linker to a rhodamine acceptor. Under the excitation of the coumarin donor at 405 nm, the probe shows weak visible fluorescence of the coumarin donor at 470 nm and strong near-infrared fluorescence of the rhodamine acceptor at 652 nm due to efficient Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the donor to the acceptor. Glutathione breaks the disulfide bond through reduction, which results in a dramatic increase in coumarin fluorescence and a corresponding decrease in rhodamine fluorescence. The probe possesses excellent cell permeability, biocompatibility, and good ratiometric fluorescence responses to glutathione and cysteine with a self-calibration capability. The probe was utilized to ratiometrically visualize glutathione concentration alterations in HeLa cells and Drosophila melanogaster larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Fuling, Chongqing, 408100, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Shulin Wan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Tessa E Steenwinkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Tara Vohs
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Rudy L Luck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Thomas Werner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
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19
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Yan Y, Zhang Y, Xia S, Wan S, Vohs T, Tanasova M, Luck RL, Liu H. Ratiometric Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probes Based on Hemicyanine Dyes Bearing Dithioacetal and Formal Residues for pH Detection in Mitochondria. Molecules 2021; 26:2088. [PMID: 33917350 PMCID: PMC8038704 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ratiometric near-infrared fluorescent probes (AH+ and BH+) have been prepared for pH determination in mitochondria by attaching dithioacetal and formal residues onto a hemicyanine dye. The reactive formyl group on probe BH+ allows for retention inside mitochondria as it can react with a protein primary amine residue to form an imine under slightly basic pH 8.0. Probes AH+ and BH+ display ratiometric fluorescent responses to pH changes through the protonation and deprotonaton of a hydroxy group in hemicyanine dyes with experimentally determined pKa values of 6.85 and 6.49, respectively. Calculated pKa values from a variety of theoretical methods indicated that the SMDBONDI method of accounting for solvent and van der Waals radii plus including a water molecule located near the site of protonation produced the closest overall agreement with the experimental values at 7.33 and 6.14 for AH+ and BH+ respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunnan Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA; (Y.Y.); (S.X.); (S.W.); (T.V.); (M.T.)
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yibin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA; (Y.Y.); (S.X.); (S.W.); (T.V.); (M.T.)
| | - Shuai Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA; (Y.Y.); (S.X.); (S.W.); (T.V.); (M.T.)
| | - Shulin Wan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA; (Y.Y.); (S.X.); (S.W.); (T.V.); (M.T.)
| | - Tara Vohs
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA; (Y.Y.); (S.X.); (S.W.); (T.V.); (M.T.)
| | - Marina Tanasova
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA; (Y.Y.); (S.X.); (S.W.); (T.V.); (M.T.)
| | - Rudy L. Luck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA; (Y.Y.); (S.X.); (S.W.); (T.V.); (M.T.)
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA; (Y.Y.); (S.X.); (S.W.); (T.V.); (M.T.)
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20
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Méndez‐Ardoy A, Reina JJ, Montenegro J. Synthesis and Supramolecular Functional Assemblies of Ratiometric pH Probes. Chemistry 2020; 26:7516-7536. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Méndez‐Ardoy
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e, Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS)Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Jose J. Reina
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e, Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS)Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Javier Montenegro
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e, Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS)Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
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21
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Wang L, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Zhang C, He Y, Dong C, Shuang S. A novel cell-penetrating Janus nanoprobe for ratiometric fluorescence detection of pH in living cells. Talanta 2020; 209:120436. [PMID: 31892062 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
pH regulates the function of many organelles and plays a pivotal role in requiring multitud cellular behaviors. Compared with single fluorescent probes, ratio fluorescent probes have higher sensitivity and immunity to interference. Herein, a novel Janus ratio nanoprobe was developed for intracellular pH detection. Modified rhodamine B probe and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) were individually encapsulated in the independent hemispheres of Janus microparticles fabricated via Pickering emulsion. Moreover, it exhibits a satasified ratiometric detection of pH compared to the previous core-shell structure and organic small molecule probe. Accordingly, the Janus nanoprobe possesses many important features as an attractive sensor, including high anti-jamming capability, excellent stability, good reversibility and low cytotoxicity. Variations of the two fluorescence intensities (Fgreen/Fred) resulted in a ratiometric pH fluorescent sensor, which can respond to wide range of pH values from 3 to 8. To be more specific, with a single excitation wavelength of 488 nm, there are dual emission bands centered at 538 nm and 590 nm. Also the Janus nanoprobe displays a excellent linear relationship in the physiologically relevant pH range of 4.0-6.0. Consequently, detecting of pH and imaging was successfully achieved in living cells, which provides a simple and reliable method for detecting intracelluar pH and other similar substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Guomei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Caihong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Yujian He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Shaomin Shuang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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22
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Xia S, Wang J, Zhang Y, Whisman N, Bi J, Steenwinkel TE, Wan S, Medford J, Tajiri M, Luck RL, Werner T, Liu H. Ratiometric fluorescent probes based on through-bond energy transfer of cyanine donors to near-infrared hemicyanine acceptors for mitochondrial pH detection and monitoring of mitophagy. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:1603-1615. [PMID: 32055810 PMCID: PMC7058096 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02302j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Two ratiometric near-infrared fluorescent probes have been developed to selectively detect mitochondrial pH changes based on highly efficient through-bond energy transfer (TBET) from cyanine donors to near-infrared hemicyanine acceptors. The probes consist of identical cyanine donors connected to different hemicyanine acceptors with a spirolactam ring structure linked via a biphenyl linkage. At neutral or basic pH, the probes display only fluorescence of the cyanine donors when they are excited at 520 nm. However, acidic pH conditions trigger spirolactam ring opening, leading to increased π-conjugation of the hemicyanine acceptors, resulting in new near-infrared fluorescence peaks at 740 nm and 780 nm for probes A and B, respectively. This results in ratiometric fluorescence responses of the probes to pH changes indicated by decreases of the donor fluorescence and increases of the acceptor fluorescence under donor excitation at 520 nm due to a highly efficient TBET from the donors to the acceptors. The probes only show cyanine donor fluorescence in alkaline-pH mitochondria. However, the probes show moderate fluorescence decreases of the cyanine donor and considerable fluorescence increases of hemicyanine acceptors during the mitophagy process induced by nutrient starvation or under drug treatment. The probes display rapid, selective, and sensitive responses to pH changes over metal ions, good membrane penetration, good photostability, large pseudo-Stokes shifts, low cytotoxicity, mitochondria-targeting, and mitophagy-tracking capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA. and College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Yibin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Nick Whisman
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Jianheng Bi
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Tessa E Steenwinkel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Shulin Wan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Jerry Medford
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Momoko Tajiri
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Rudy L Luck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Thomas Werner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
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23
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Lan JS, Liu L, Zeng RF, Qin YH, Liu Y, Jiang XY, Aihemaiti A, Ding Y, Zhang T, Ho RJY. Rational modulation of coumarin–hemicyanine platform based on OH substitution for higher selective detection of hypochlorite. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1219-1222. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06477j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A NIR and ratiometric fluorescent probe was developed to quantitate arthritis-dependent HOCl production in vivo with high selectivity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Shuai Lan
- Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
- School of Pharmacy
| | - Li Liu
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Rui-Feng Zeng
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yan-Hong Qin
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yun Liu
- Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
- School of Pharmacy
| | - Xiao-Yi Jiang
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Ayinazhaer Aihemaiti
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yue Ding
- Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
- School of Pharmacy
| | - Tong Zhang
- Experiment Center of Teaching & Learning
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
- School of Pharmacy
| | - Rodney J. Y. Ho
- Department of Pharmaceutics
- University of Washington
- Seattle
- USA
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24
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Wang Y, Zeng L, Zhou J, Jiang B, Zhao L, Wang C, Xu B. A dansyl fluorescent pH probe with wide responsive range in aqueous solution. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 223:117348. [PMID: 31306960 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescent pH probe based on diphenylalanine-modified dansyl (FF-Dns) was designed and synthesized. The probe showed sensitive fluorescence emission to pH change over a wide range of 1-13 in aqueous solution. At pH 4-10, FF-Dns displayed the characteristic fluorescent emission of dansyl group (yellow); while protonation of the dimethylamino group caused a very weak fluorescence emission at pH 1-4, and deprotonation of the sulfonamide group caused an emission blue-shift to the green region at pH 11-13. These properties endow FF-Dns with the potential to detect pH variation in physiological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Lihan Zeng
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Juntan Zhou
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Bing Jiang
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Li Zhao
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China.
| | - Ce Wang
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Baocai Xu
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China.
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25
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Construction strategy for ratiometric fluorescent probe based on Janus silica nanoparticles as a platform toward intracellular pH detection. Talanta 2019; 205:120021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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26
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Mazi W, Adhikari R, Zhang Y, Xia S, Fang M, Luck RL, Tajiri M, Tiwari A, Tanasova M, Liu H. Fluorescent probes with high pKa values based on traditional, near-infrared rhodamine, and hemicyanine fluorophores for sensitive detection of lysosomal pH variations. Methods 2019; 168:40-50. [PMID: 31344405 PMCID: PMC6851477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterically hindered fluorescent probes (A-C) have been developed by introducing 2-aminophenylboronic acid pinacol ester to a traditional, A, a near-infrared rhodamine dye, B, and a near-infrared hemicyanine dye, C, forming closed spirolactam ring structures. Probe A was non-fluorescent under basic pH conditions whereas probes B and C were moderately fluorescent with fluorescence quantum yields of 9% and 5% in pH 7.4 PBS buffer containing 1% ethanol, respectively. With all probes increasing acidity leads to significant increases in fluorescence at 580 nm, 644 and 744 nm for probes A, B and C with fluorescence quantum yields of 26%, 21% and 10% in pH 4.5 PBS buffer containing 1% ethanol, respectively. Probes A, B and C were calculated to have pKa values of 5.81, 5.45 and 6.97. The difference in fluorescence under basic conditions is ascribed to easier opening of the closed spirolactam ring configurations due to significant steric hindrance between the 2-aminophenylboronic acid pinacol ester residue and an adjacent H atom in the xanthene derivative moiety in probe B or C. The probes show fast, reversible, selective and sensitive fluorescence responses to pH changes, and are capable of sensing lysosomal pH variations in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Mazi
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States
| | - Rashmi Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States
| | - Yibin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States
| | - Shuai Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States
| | - Mingxi Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States
| | - Rudy L Luck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States.
| | - Momoko Tajiri
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States.
| | - Ashutosh Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States.
| | - Marina Tanasova
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States.
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, United States.
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27
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Xia S, Fang M, Wang J, Bi J, Mazi W, Zhang Y, Luck RL, Liu H. Near-infrared fluorescent probes with BODIPY donors and rhodamine and merocyanine acceptors for ratiometric determination of lysosomal pH variance. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2019; 294:1-13. [PMID: 31496551 PMCID: PMC6730546 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Three fluorescent probes have been developed by conjugating three different BODIPY donors to rhodamine and merocyanine acceptors for ratiometric determination of lysosomal pH variations. Probe A consists of a 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-BODIPY donor and a near-infrared rhodamine acceptor bearing a lysosome-targeting morpholine residue. Probe B is composed of a 3,5-dimethyl-BODIPY donor and a near-infrared rhodamine acceptor modified with an o-phenylenediamine residue. Probe C contains a 3-styrene-functionalized BODIPY donor with longer wavelength emission and a near-infrared merocyanine acceptor containing a morpholine residue. Under neutral or basic pH conditions, the probes only show fluorescence from the BODIPY donors under BODIPY excitation because the rhodamine and merocyanine acceptors maintain closed spirolactam configurations. However, excitation at BODIPY absorption wavelengths concomitant with gradual pH decrease results in fluorescence decreases with the BODIPY donors and fluorescence increases from the rhodamine and merocyanine acceptors due to through-bond energy transfer from the donors to the acceptors. This is because the spirolactam ring opens under more acidic conditions and fluorescence of the acceptors results from significantly improved π-conjugation. These experimental results are substantiated with theoretical calculations on models of the different probes. The probes have all been used to determine lysosome pH variations in HeLa cells. Probe B was further utilized to successfully detect pH fluctuations in HeLa cells under oxidative stress and with treatment of NH4Cl and chloroquine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, United States
| | - Mingxi Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, United States
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, United States
- College of Biological Chemical Sciences and Engineering Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Jianheng Bi
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, United States
| | - Wafa Mazi
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, United States
| | - Yibin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, United States
| | - Rudy L. Luck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, United States
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931, United States
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Cao D, Liu Z, Verwilst P, Koo S, Jangjili P, Kim JS, Lin W. Coumarin-Based Small-Molecule Fluorescent Chemosensors. Chem Rev 2019; 119:10403-10519. [PMID: 31314507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 631] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coumarins are a very large family of compounds containing the unique 2H-chromen-2-one motif, as it is known according to IUPAC nomenclature. Coumarin derivatives are widely found in nature, especially in plants and are constituents of several essential oils. Up to now, thousands of coumarin derivatives have been isolated from nature or produced by chemists. More recently, the coumarin platform has been widely adopted in the design of small-molecule fluorescent chemosensors because of its excellent biocompatibility, strong and stable fluorescence emission, and good structural flexibility. This scaffold has found wide applications in the development of fluorescent chemosensors in the fields of molecular recognition, molecular imaging, bioorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry, materials chemistry, as well as in the biology and medical science communities. This review focuses on the important progress of coumarin-based small-molecule fluorescent chemosensors during the period of 2012-2018. This comprehensive and critical review may facilitate the development of more powerful fluorescent chemosensors for broad and exciting applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duxia Cao
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
| | - Peter Verwilst
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Korea
| | - Seyoung Koo
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Korea
| | | | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Korea
| | - Weiying Lin
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Guangxi University , Nanning , Guangxi 530004 , P. R. China
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Puthumana SSE, Damodaran B. ICT‐Based Blue‐Emitting Dual‐Functional Probe (Ugi EML BLUE) for Bio‐Imaging and Cytotoxic Activities on HeLa Cells. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bahulayan Damodaran
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Calicut Malappuram 673635, Kerala India
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Fang M, Xia S, Bi J, Wigstrom TP, Valenzano L, Wang J, Tanasova M, Luck RL, Liu H. Detecting Zn(II) Ions in Live Cells with Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probes. Molecules 2019; 24:E1592. [PMID: 31013675 PMCID: PMC6515227 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Two near-infrared fluorescent probes (A and B) containing hemicyanine structures appended to dipicolylamine (DPA), and a dipicolylamine derivative where one pyridine was substituted with pyrazine, respectively, were synthesized and tested for the identification of Zn(II) ions in live cells. In both probes, an acetyl group is attached to the phenolic oxygen atom of the hemicyanine platform to decrease the probe fluorescence background. Probe A displays sensitive fluorescence responses and binds preferentially to Zn(II) ions over other metal ions such as Cd2+ ions with a low detection limit of 0.45 nM. In contrast, the emission spectra of probe B is not significantly affected if Zn(II) ions are added. Probe A possesses excellent membrane permeability and low cytotoxicity, allowing for sensitive imaging of both exogenously supplemented Zn(II) ions in live cells, and endogenously releases Zn(II) ions in cells after treatment of 2,2-dithiodipyridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxi Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Shuai Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Jianheng Bi
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Travis P Wigstrom
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Loredana Valenzano
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Marina Tanasova
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Rudy L Luck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
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Shankar EPS, Bahulayan D. Chemistry, chemical biology and photophysics of certain new chromene–triazole–coumarin triads as fluorescent inhibitors of CDK2 and CDK4 induced cancers. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02924a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The chromene–triazole–coumarin triads synthesized through the MCR-Click strategy possess intense solution state fluorescence, intense solid-state fluorescence and CDK2/CDK4 targeted cytotoxic activity against human cervical cancer cells (HeLa).
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Jiao C, Pang J, Shen L, Lu W, Zhang P, Liu Y, Li J, Jia X, Wang Y. A “weak acid and weak base” type fluorescent probe for sensing pH: mechanism and application in living cells. RSC Adv 2019; 9:20982-20988. [PMID: 35515522 PMCID: PMC9066030 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03203g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple pH fluorescent probe, N-(6-morpholino-1, 3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl) isonicotinamide (NDI), based on naphthalimide as the fluorophore and isonicotinic acid hydrazide as the reaction site was synthesized and characterized. It is useful for monitoring acidic and alkaline pH. The results of pH titration indicated that NDI exhibits obvious emission enhancement with a pKa of 4.50 and linear response to small pH fluctuations within the acidic range of 3.00–6.50. Interestingly, NDI also displayed strong pH-dependent characteristics with pKa 9.34 and linearly responded to an alkaline range of 8.30–10.50. The sensing response mechanism was confirmed by 1H NMR and ESI-MS spectroscopy. The mechanism of the optical responses of NDI toward pH was also determined by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In addition, NDI displayed a highly selective and sensitive response to hydrogen ions and hydroxyl ions. The probe was successfully applied to image acidic and alkaline pH value fluctuations in HeLa cells and has lysosomal targeting ability. When the probe was in the protonation process, the fluorescence intensity gradually decreased, whereas when the probe was in the deprotonation process, the fluorescence intensity gradually increased.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunpeng Jiao
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences
- University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Jinan 250200
- China
- Institute of Materia Medica
| | - Jingxiang Pang
- Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Center
- Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Jinan
- China
| | - Li Shen
- College of Science
- China University of Petroleum (East China)
- Qingdao
- China
- College of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Chemistry
| | - Wenjuan Lu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences
- University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Jinan 250200
- China
- Institute of Materia Medica
| | - Pingping Zhang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences
- University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Jinan 250200
- China
- Institute of Materia Medica
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences
- University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Jinan 250200
- China
- Institute of Materia Medica
| | - Jing Li
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences
- University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Jinan 250200
- China
- Institute of Materia Medica
| | - Xianhui Jia
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences
- University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Jinan 250200
- China
- Institute of Materia Medica
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences
- University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences
- Jinan 250200
- China
- Institute of Materia Medica
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Shi Y, Meng X, Yang H, Song L, Liu S, Xu A, Chen Z, Huang W, Zhao Q. Lysosome-specific sensing and imaging of pH variations in vitro and in vivo utilizing a near-infrared boron complex. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb03353f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A NIR lysosome-targeting boron complex has been developed based on hemicyanine for monitoring pH variations in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Shi
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT)
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
| | - Xiangchun Meng
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT)
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
| | - Huiran Yang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT)
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
| | - Linna Song
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT)
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT)
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
| | - Aqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT)
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
| | - Zejing Chen
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT)
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT)
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT)
- Nanjing 210023
- P. R. China
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Zhang Y, Bi J, Xia S, Mazi W, Wan S, Mikesell L, Luck RL, Liu H. A Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe Based on a FRET Rhodamine Donor Linked to a Cyanine Acceptor for Sensitive Detection of Intracellular pH Alternations. Molecules 2018; 23:E2679. [PMID: 30340334 PMCID: PMC6222743 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based near-infrared fluorescent probe (B⁺) for double-checked sensitive detection of intracellular pH changes has been synthesized by binding a near-infrared rhodamine donor to a near-infrared cyanine acceptor through robust C-N bonds via a nucleophilic substitution reaction. To demonstrate the double-checked advantages of probe B⁺, a near-infrared probe (A) was also prepared by modification of a near-infrared rhodamine dye with ethylenediamine to produce a closed spirolactam residue. Under basic conditions, probe B⁺ shows only weak fluorescence from the cyanine acceptor while probe A displays nonfluorescence due to retention of the closed spirolactam form of the rhodamine moiety. Upon decrease in solution pH level, probe B⁺ exhibits a gradual fluorescence increase from rhodamine and cyanine constituents at 623 nm and 743 nm respectively, whereas probe A displays fluorescence increase at 623 nm on the rhodamine moiety as acidic conditions leads to the rupture of the probe spirolactam rings. Probes A and B⁺ have successfully been used to monitor intracellular pH alternations and possess pKa values of 5.15 and 7.80, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China.
| | - Jianheng Bi
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Shuai Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Wafa Mazi
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Shulin Wan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Logan Mikesell
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Rudy L Luck
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
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35
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Chen TH, Zhang S, Jaishi M, Adhikari R, Bi J, Fang M, Xia S, Zhang Y, Luck RL, Pati R, Lee HM, Luo FT, Tiwari A, Liu H. New Near-infrared Fluorescent Probes with Single-photon Anti-Stokes-shift Fluorescence for Sensitive Determination of pH Variances in Lysosomes with a Double-Checked Capability. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:549-560. [PMID: 30906925 PMCID: PMC6426143 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two near-infrared luminescent probes with Stokes-shift and single-photon anti-Stokes-shift fluorescence properties for sensitive determination of pH variance in lysosomes have been synthesized. A morpholine residue in probe A which serves as a targeting group for lysosomes in viable cells was attached to the fluorophores via a spirolactam moiety while a mannose residue was ligated to probe B resulting in increased biocompatibility and solubility in water. Probes A and B contain closed spirolactam moieties, and show no Stokes-shift or anti-Stokes-shift fluorescence under neutral or alkali conditions. However, the probes incrementally react to pH variance from 7.22 to 2.76 with measurable increases in both Stokes-shift and anti-Stokes-shift fluorescence at 699 nm and 693 nm under 645 nm and 800 nm excitation, respectively. This acid-activated fluorescence is produced by the breaking of the probe spirolactam moiety, which greatly increased overall π-conjugation in the probes. These probes possess upconversion near-infrared fluorescence imaging advantages including minimum cellular photo-damage, tissue penetration, and minimum biological fluorescence background. They display excellent photostability with low dye photobleaching and show good biocompatibility. They are selective and capable of detecting pH variances in lysosomes at excitation with two different wavelengths, i.e., 645 and 800 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ho Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China. and
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Roosevelt Road Section 4, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA. ;
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Meghnath Jaishi
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Rashmi Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA. ;
| | - Jianheng Bi
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA. ;
| | - Mingxi Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA. ;
| | - Shuai Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA. ;
| | - Yibin Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China. and
| | - Rudy L Luck
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China. and
| | - Ranjit Pati
- Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA.
| | - Hsien-Ming Lee
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China. and
| | - Fen-Tair Luo
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529, Republic of China. and
| | - Ashutosh Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA. ;
| | - Haiying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA. ;
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