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Zhao X, Dong J, Zhang Y, Wu T, Bie Z, Chen Y. Magnetic dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles based integrated platform for rapid and efficient analysis of saccharides. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1288:342166. [PMID: 38220298 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an essential compound in living organism, saccharides have attracted enormous attentions from scientists in various fields. Understanding the distribution of saccharides in various samples is of great scientific importance. However, the low signal response and lack of specific recognition technology of saccharides and the complex matrix of samples make the analysis of saccharides a very challenge task. Thus, the development of a simple and straightforward strategy for the analysis of saccharides would represent a great contribution to the field. RESULTS In this study, by employing the sulfonyl functionalized magnetic dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles as the substrate, we develop an integrated platform for analysis of saccharides. The construction of the platform mainly relied on multi-functional boronic acid, which serves as separation and derivation ligands at the same time. In the general procedure, the boronic acid is first immobilized onto the surface of substrate, then the selective enrichment of saccharides can be realized via boronate affinity separation. Finally, by the rational choice of the solution, we are able to elute the labelled complex (boronic acid-saccharide) from the substrate, which can be direct subjected to HPLC-UV analysis. The reliable precision (<15 %), accuracy (80-100 %), reproducibility (<10 %), improved sensitivity (20x) and limited time-consuming (down to minutes) of the proposed platform are experimentally demonstrated. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY The successful quantification of different saccharides (alditols, glucose) in real samples is achieved. The proposed strategy is not only straightforward and fast, but also avoid the requirement of special equipment. With these attractive features, we believe that this strategy will greatly prompt the analysis of saccharides in various samples (eg. food, pharmaceutics and biosamples).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Jiacheng Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Yaqian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Tianrun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Bengbu Medical University, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, 233000, China
| | - Zijun Bie
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, 233000, China; Department of Chemistry, Bengbu Medical University, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, 233000, China.
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, 233000, China; Department of Chemistry, Bengbu Medical University, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, 233000, China.
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2
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Plausible Role of Estrogens in Pathogenesis, Progression and Therapy of Lung Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020648. [PMID: 33466597 PMCID: PMC7828659 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Malignant neoplasms are among the most common diseases and are responsible for the majority of deaths in the developed world. In contrast to men, available data show a clear upward trend in the incidence of lung cancer in women, making it almost as prevalent as breast cancer. Women might be more susceptible to the carcinogenic effect of tobacco smoke than men. Furthermore, available data indicate a much more frequent mutation of the tumor suppressor gene-p53 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) female patients compared to males. Another important factor, however, might lie in the female sex hormones, whose mitogenic or carcinogenic effect is well known. Epidemiologic data show a correlation between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or oral contraceptives (OCs), and increased mortality rates due to the increased incidence of malignant tumors, including lung cancer. Interestingly, two types of estrogen receptors have been detected in lung cancer cells: ERα and ERβ. The presence of ERα has been detected in tissues and non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell lines. In contrast, overexpression of ERβ is a prognostic marker in NSCLC. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of estrogens in the etiopathogenesis of lung cancer, as well as biological, hormonal and genetic sex-related differences in this neoplasm.
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Kataoka H. In-tube solid-phase microextraction: Current trends and future perspectives. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1636:461787. [PMID: 33359971 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) was developed about 24 years ago as an effective sample preparation technique using an open tubular capillary column as an extraction device. IT-SPME is useful for micro-concentration, automated sample cleanup, and rapid online analysis, and can be used to determine the analytes in complex matrices simple sample processing methods such as direct sample injection or filtration. IT-SPME is usually performed in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography using an online column switching technology, in which the entire process from sample preparation to separation to data analysis is automated using the autosampler. Furthermore, IT-SPME minimizes the use of harmful organic solvents and is simple and labor-saving, making it a sustainable and environmentally friendly green analytical technique. Various operating systems and new sorbent materials have been developed to improve its extraction efficiency by, for example, enhancing its sorption capacity and selectivity. In addition, IT-SPME methods have been widely applied in environmental analysis, food analysis and bioanalysis. This review describes the present state of IT-SPME technology and summarizes its current trends and future perspectives, including method development and strategies to improve extraction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kataoka
- School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Nishigawara, Okayama 703-8516, Japan.
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Manousi N, Tzanavaras PD, Zacharis CK. Bioanalytical HPLC Applications of In-Tube Solid Phase Microextraction: A Two-Decade Overview. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092096. [PMID: 32365828 PMCID: PMC7248733 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In-tube solid phase microextraction is a cutting-edge sample treatment technique offering significant advantages in terms of miniaturization, green character, automation, and preconcentration prior to analysis. During the past years, there has been a considerable increase in the reported publications, as well as in the research groups focusing their activities on this technique. In the present review article, HPLC bioanalytical applications of in-tube SPME are discussed, covering a wide time frame of twenty years of research reports. Instrumental aspects towards the coupling of in-tube SPME and HPLC are also discussed, and detailed information on materials/coatings and applications in biological samples are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Manousi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.M.); (P.D.T.)
| | - Paraskevas D. Tzanavaras
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (N.M.); (P.D.T.)
| | - Constantinos K. Zacharis
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-231-099-7663
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Matys J, Gieroba B, Jóźwiak K. Recent developments of bioanalytical methods in determination of neurotransmitters in vivo. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 180:113079. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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6
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Chen Y, Huang A, Zhang Y, Bie Z. Recent advances of boronate affinity materials in sample preparation. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1076:1-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Development of a new in-line coupling of a miniaturized boronate affinity monolithic column with reversed-phase silica monolithic capillary column for analysis of cis-diol-containing nucleoside compounds. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1597:209-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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8
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Aslıhan Avan A, Filik H. Visible Light Detection of Dopamine Enhanced by Cloud Point Extraction. CURR PHARM ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412914666180427152544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Monitoring of DA, in the presence of other chemical analogues such as epinephrine,
norepinephrine, serotonin, ascorbic acid, uric acid, catechol, phenethylamine, tyramine, and
tyrosine, is crucial in the diagnosis and mechanistic understanding of human neuropathology. Therefore,
the determination of DA at trace levels has become a very important analytical task, as part of health safety and
forensic analysis.
Introduction:
A cloud point extraction (CPE) process was developed for the isolation and detection of
dopamine in food, urine, and pharmaceutical samples.
Methods:
In this procedure, dopamine was derivatized with o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) and sodium
sulphite in aqueous solution. The isoindole derivative was synthesized by the reaction of OPA and sodium
sulphite with the amino group of dopamine and the resulted isoindole derivatives were extracted
by cloud point extraction. After extraction process, the concentration of enriched analyte was measured
by UV-VIS spectrophotometry. The parameters affecting the CPE such as concentration of surfactant
and electrolyte, equilibration temperature and time and pH of sample solution were investigated.
Results:
After optimization of the CPE conditions, the linear range of 8-80 µM (without extraction 100-
1000 µM) was established for dopamine with detection limit at 2.6 µM.
Conclusion:
The developed extraction procedure was applied to the quantification of dopamine in
chocolate, urine, and pharmaceutical samples. The study ensures a promising strategy for the detection
of dopamine in the presence of biological constituents, e.g. ascorbic acid, uric acid, and serotonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiye Aslıhan Avan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, 34320 Avcılar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hayati Filik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University, 34320 Avcılar, Istanbul, Turkey
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Simultaneous HPLC-MS determination of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, 3-hydroxyphenanthrene and 1-hydroxypyrene after online in-tube solid phase microextraction using a graphene oxide/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/polypyrrole composite. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:300. [PMID: 31025201 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The exploration of monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) produced by oxidative stress and DNA damage is a powerful and non-invasive tool to study the health risk of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). A nanocomposite prepared from graphene oxide, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and polypyrrole was electrodeposited on the internal surface of a stainless-steel tube for online in-tube solid phase microextraction (IT-SPME) of 8-OHdG, 3-hydroxyphenanthrene and 1-hydroxypyrene from urine. The coating possesses excellent chemical and mechanical stability, high extraction efficiency, good resistance to matrix interference, and a long lifespan. An online IT-SPME-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method was developed for the determination of these three metabolite biomarkers in human urine. Figures of merit include (a) enrichment factors of 30-48; (b) low limits of detection (4-41 pg·mL-1 at S/N = 3); (c) wide linear ranges (0.05-50 ng·mL-1); (d) good recoveries from spiked samples (71.6-109.5%); and (e) acceptable repeatability (2.3-14.6%). The method offers the advantages of low cost, simplicity, sensitivity, rapidity and automation. Graphical abstract Schematic illustration of online in-tube solid phase microextraction using graphene oxide/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/polypyrrole composites as adsorbent in a stainless-steel (SS) tube for the enrichment and simultaneous determination of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, 3-hydroxyphenanthrene and 1-hydroxypyrene prior to HPLC-MS analysis.
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Espina-Benitez MB, Marconi F, Randon J, Demesmay C, Dugas V. Evaluation of boronate affinity solid-phase extraction coupled in-line to capillary isoelectric focusing for the analysis of catecholamines in urine. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1034:195-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Avan AA, Filik H. Electrochemical Determination of Dopamine Using a Graphene–Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode with Magnetic Solid-Phase Microextraction. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2018.1437624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Asiye Aslıhan Avan
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul University, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hayati Filik
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul University, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Boronate affinity solid-phase extraction of cis-diol compounds by a one-step electrochemically synthesized selective polymer sorbent. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:501-508. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0740-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Espina-Benitez MB, Randon J, Demesmay C, Dugas V. Back to BAC: Insights into Boronate Affinity Chromatography Interaction Mechanisms. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2017.1365085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Betzabeth Espina-Benitez
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jérôme Randon
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Claire Demesmay
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Vincent Dugas
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, Villeurbanne, France
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14
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Development and application of a new in-line coupling of a miniaturized boronate affinity monolithic column with capillary zone electrophoresis for the selective enrichment and analysis of cis-diol-containing compounds. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1494:65-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Li H, Zhang X, Zhang L, Wang X, Kong F, Fan D, Li L, Wang W. Preparation of a silica stationary phase co-functionalized with Wulff-type phenylboronate and C12 for mixed-mode liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 962:104-113. [PMID: 28231874 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A silica stationary phase was designed and synthesized through the co-functionalization of silica with Wulff-type phenylboronate and C12 for mixed-mode liquid chromatography applications. The as-synthesized stationary phase was characterized by elemental analysis and Fourier Transform-InfraRed Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Retention mechanisms, including boronate affinity (BA), reversed-phase (RP) and anion-exchange (AE), were involved. Retention mechanism switching was easily realized by adjustment of the mobile phase constitution. Cis-diol compounds could be selectively captured under neutral conditions in BA mode and off-line separated in RP mode. Neutral, basic, acidic and amphiprotic compounds were chromatographed on the column in RP chromatography, while inorganic anions were chromatographed in AE chromatography to characterize the mixed-mode nature of the prepared stationary phase. In addition, the RP performance was compared with an octadecyl silica column in terms of column efficiency (N/m), asymmetry factor (Af), retention factor (k) and resolution (Rs). The prepared stationary phase offered multiple interactions with analytes in addition to hydrophobic interactions under RP elution conditions. Based on the mixed-mode properties, off-line 2D-LC, for selective capture and separation of urinary nucleosides, was successfully realized on a single column, demonstrating its powerful application potential for complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengye Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224000, China
| | - Xuemeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224000, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Yancheng Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Yancheng, 224000, China
| | - Xiaojin Wang
- Huai'an Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Huai'an, 223001, China
| | - Fenying Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224000, China
| | - Dahe Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224000, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224000, China.
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16
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Ju HX, Zhuang QK, Long YT. The Preface. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Parr MK, Montacir O, Montacir H. Physicochemical characterization of biopharmaceuticals. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 130:366-389. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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18
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Fernández-Amado M, Prieto-Blanco M, López-Mahía P, Muniategui-Lorenzo S, Prada-Rodríguez D. Strengths and weaknesses of in-tube solid-phase microextraction: A scoping review. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 906:41-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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19
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He M, Wang C, Wei Y. Selective enrichment and determination of monoamine neurotransmitters by CU(II) immobilized magnetic solid phase extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection. Talanta 2016; 147:437-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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20
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Analytical approach to determining human biogenic amines and their metabolites using eVol microextraction in packed syringe coupled to liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method with hydrophilic interaction chromatography column. Talanta 2015; 150:331-9. [PMID: 26838416 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of biogenic amines (BAs) in different human samples provides insight into the mechanisms of various biological processes, including pathological conditions, and thus may be very important in diagnosing and monitoring several neurological disorders and cancerous tumors. In this work, we developed a simple and fast procedure using a digitally controlled microextraction in packed syringe (MEPS) coupled to liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method for simultaneous determination of biogenic amines, their precursors and metabolites in human plasma and urine samples. The separation of 12 low molecular weight and hydrophilic molecules with a wide range of polarities was achieved with hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) column without derivatization step in 12 min. MEPS was implemented using the APS sorbent in semi-automated analytical syringe (eVol(®)) and small volume of urine and plasma samples, 5 0µL and 100 μL, respectively. We evaluated important parameters influencing MEPS efficiency, including stationary phase selection, sample pH and volume, number of extraction cycles, and washing and elution volumes. In optimized MEPS conditions, the analytes were eluted by 3 × 50 μL of methanol with 0.1% formic acid. The chromatographic separation of analytes was performed on XBridge Amide™ BEH analytical column (3.0mm × 100 mm, 3.5 µm) using gradient elution with mobile phase consisting of phase A: 10mM ammonium formate buffer in water pH 3.0 and phase B: 10mM ammonium formate buffer in acetonitrile pH 3.0. The LC-HILIC-MS method was validated and, in optimum conditions, presented good linearity in concentration range within 10-2000 ng/mL for all the analytes with a determination coefficient (r(2)) higher than 0.999 for plasma and urine samples. Method recovery ranged within 87.6-104.3% for plasma samples and 84.2-98.6% for urine samples. The developed method utilizing polar APS sorbent along with polar HILIC column was applied for simultaneous bioanalysis of trace amounts of polar endogenous biogenic amines in real human urine and plasma samples.
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Jiang L, Chen Y, Chen Y, Ma M, Tan Y, Tang H, Chen B. Determination of monoamine neurotransmitters in human urine by carrier-mediated liquid-phase microextraction based on solidification of stripping phase. Talanta 2015; 144:356-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Selective extraction and analysis of catecholamines in rat blood microdialysate by polymeric ionic liquid-diphenylboric acid-packed capillary column and fast separation in high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detector. J Chromatogr A 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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23
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Selective extraction and enrichment of glycoproteins based on boronate affinity SPME and determination by CIEF-WCID. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 886:83-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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24
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Development of a novel graphene/polyaniline electrodeposited coating for on-line in-tube solid phase microextraction of aldehydes in human exhaled breath condensate. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1395:23-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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25
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Jiang L, Chen Y, Luo Y, Tan Y, Ma M, Chen B, Xie Q, Luo X. Determination of catecholamines in urine using aminophenylboronic acid functionalized magnetic nanoparticles extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:460-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China); Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province; Hunan Normal University; Changsha PR China
| | - Yibang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China); Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province; Hunan Normal University; Changsha PR China
| | - Yanmei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China); Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province; Hunan Normal University; Changsha PR China
| | - Yueming Tan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China); Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province; Hunan Normal University; Changsha PR China
| | - Ming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China); Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province; Hunan Normal University; Changsha PR China
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China); Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province; Hunan Normal University; Changsha PR China
| | - Qingji Xie
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China); Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province; Hunan Normal University; Changsha PR China
| | - Xubiao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University; Nanchang PR China
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Gao L, Du J, Wang C, Wei Y. Fabrication of a dendrimer-modified boronate affinity material for online selective enrichment of cis-diol-containing compounds and its application in determination of nucleosides in urine. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra18443f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A high binding capacity dendrimer-modified boronate affinity material (SiO2@dBA) was synthesized and coupled with large-volume injection/online column-switching solid phase extraction to facilitate the determination process of cis-diols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Jin Du
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Chaozhan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Yinmao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
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27
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Online micro-solid-phase extraction based on boronate affinity monolithic column coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of monoamine neurotransmitters in human urine. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1342:37-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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28
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Pan J, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Li G. Review of online coupling of sample preparation techniques with liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 815:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Silva C, Cavaco C, Perestrelo R, Pereira J, Câmara JS. Microextraction by Packed Sorbent (MEPS) and Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) as Sample Preparation Procedures for the Metabolomic Profiling of Urine. Metabolites 2014; 4:71-97. [PMID: 24958388 PMCID: PMC4018671 DOI: 10.3390/metabo4010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, sample preparation was unrecognized as a critical issue in the analytical methodology, thus limiting the performance that could be achieved. However, the improvement of microextraction techniques, particularly microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME), completely modified this scenario by introducing unprecedented control over this process. Urine is a biological fluid that is very interesting for metabolomics studies, allowing human health and disease characterization in a minimally invasive form. In this manuscript, we will critically review the most relevant and promising works in this field, highlighting how the metabolomic profiling of urine can be an extremely valuable tool for the early diagnosis of highly prevalent diseases, such as cardiovascular, oncologic and neurodegenerative ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Silva
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, Funchal 9000-390, Portugal.
| | - Carina Cavaco
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, Funchal 9000-390, Portugal.
| | - Rosa Perestrelo
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, Funchal 9000-390, Portugal.
| | - Jorge Pereira
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, Funchal 9000-390, Portugal.
| | - José S Câmara
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, Funchal 9000-390, Portugal.
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Pereira J, Silva CL, Perestrelo R, Gonçalves J, Alves V, Câmara JS. Re-exploring the high-throughput potential of microextraction techniques, SPME and MEPS, as powerful strategies for medical diagnostic purposes. Innovative approaches, recent applications and future trends. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:2101-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7527-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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On-line solid phase extraction–liquid chromatography, with emphasis on modern bioanalysis and miniaturized systems. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 87:120-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Naccarato A, Gionfriddo E, Sindona G, Tagarelli A. Development of a simple and rapid solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method for the analysis of dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine in human urine. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 810:17-24. [PMID: 24439500 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The work aims at developing a simple and rapid method for the quantification of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) in human urine. The urinary levels of these biogenic amines can be correlated with several pathological conditions concerning heart disease, stress, neurological disorders and cancerous tumors. The proposed analytical approach is based on the use of solid phase microextraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-QqQ-MS) after a fast derivatization of both aliphatic amino and phenolic moieties by propyl chloroformate. The variables influencing the derivatization reaction were reliably optimized by the multivariate approach of "Experimental design". The optimal conditions were obtained by performing derivatization with 100μL of propyl chloroformate and 100μL of pyridine. The extraction ability of five commercially available SPME fibers was evaluated in univariate mode and the best results were obtained using the polyacrylate fiber. The variables affecting the efficiency of SPME analysis were again optimized by the multivariate approach of "Experimental design" and, in particular, a central composite design (CCD) was applied. The optimal values were extraction in 45min at room temperature, desorption temperature at 300°C, no addition of NaCl. Assay of derivatized analytes was performed by using a gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-QqQ-MS) system in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) acquisition. An evaluation of all analytical parameters demonstrates that the developed method provides satisfactory results. Indeed, very good linearities were achieved in the tested calibration range with correlation coefficient values of 0.9995, 0.9999 and 0.9997 for DA, 5-HT and NE, respectively. Accuracies and RSDs calculated for between-run and tested at concentrations of 30, 200, and 800μg L(-1) were in the range from 92.8% to 103.0%, and from 0.67 to 4.5%, respectively. Finally, the LOD values obtained can be considered very good (0.587, 0.381 and 1.23μg L(-1) for DA, 5-HT and NE, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Attilio Naccarato
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 12/C, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), I-87030 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Emanuela Gionfriddo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 12/C, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), I-87030 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sindona
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 12/C, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), I-87030 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Antonio Tagarelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 12/C, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), I-87030 Cosenza, Italy.
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Separation and analysis of cis-diol-containing compounds by boronate affinity-assisted micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:8579-86. [PMID: 23907689 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7256-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cis-diol-containing compounds (CDCCs) are usually highly hydrophilic compounds and are therefore difficult to separate by conventional reversed-phase-based micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) due to poor selectivity. Here, we report a new method, called boronate affinity-assisted micellar electrokinetic chromatography (BAA-MEKC), to solve this issue. A boronic acid with a hydrophobic alkyl chain was added to the background electrolyte, which acted as a modifier to adjust the selectivity. CDCCs can covalently react with the boronic acid to form negatively charged surfactant-like complexes, which can partition into micelles formed with a cationic surfactant. Thus, CDCCs can be separated according to the differential partition constants of their boronic acid complexes between the micellar phase and the surrounding aqueous phase. To verify this method, eight nucleosides were employed as the test compounds and their separation confirmed that the combination of boronate affinity interaction with MEKC can effectively enhance the separation of CDCCs. The effects of experimental conditions on the separation were investigated. Finally, the BAA-MEKC method was applied to the separation and analysis of nucleosides extracted from human urine. BAA-MEKC exhibited better selectivity and improved separation as compared with conventional MEKC and CZE. Successful quantitative analysis of urinary nucleosides by BAA-MEKC was demonstrated.
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34
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Wang ST, Chen D, Ding J, Yuan BF, Feng YQ. Borated titania, a new option for the selective enrichment of cis-diol biomolecules. Chemistry 2012. [PMID: 23180666 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
As low abundance cis-diol biomolecules are of great significance in biological organisms, preparation of materials for the selective enrichment of such compounds is highly favorable for the development of the related proteomics and metabolomics. To this end, we have prepared monolithic borated titania by a non-aqueous sol-gel strategy as a new inorganic affinity material for the specific capture of nucleosides, glycopeptides and glycoproteins. Benefiting from the inorganic framework, this material prevented the hydrophobic interference, which was somewhat inevitable for the mainstream organic-based boronate affinity materials. The prepared material was carefully characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and nitrogen-sorption experiments to investigate the morphology and elemental composition. The excellent performance of borated titania on enrichment of cis-diol biomolecules was demonstrated by extracting the glycopeptides from horseradish peroxidase (HRP) digestion, standard glycoproteins, and nucleosides from a human-urine matrix. This kind of inorganic affinity material offers a new option for selective enrichment or separation of cis-diol biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
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35
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Abstract
New analytical platforms have been developed in response to the need for attaining increased peak capacity for multicomponent complex analysis with higher sensitivity and characterization of the analytes, and high-throughput capabilities. This review outlines the fundamental principles of target and comprehensive 2D LC method development and encompasses applications of LC–LC and LC × LC coupled to MS in bioanalysis using a variety of online analytical procedures. It also provides a rationale for the usage of the most employed mass analyzers and ionization sources on these platforms.
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36
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Siegel D. Applications of reversible covalent chemistry in analytical sample preparation. Analyst 2012; 137:5457-82. [PMID: 23013801 DOI: 10.1039/c2an35697j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Reversible covalent chemistry (RCC) adds another dimension to commonly used sample preparation techniques like solid-phase extraction (SPE), solid-phase microextraction (SPME), molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) or immuno-affinity cleanup (IAC): chemical selectivity. By selecting analytes according to their covalent reactivity, sample complexity can be reduced significantly, resulting in enhanced analytical performance for low-abundance target analytes. This review gives a comprehensive overview of the applications of RCC in analytical sample preparation. The major reactions covered include reversible boronic ester formation, thiol-disulfide exchange and reversible hydrazone formation, targeting analyte groups like diols (sugars, glycoproteins and glycopeptides, catechols), thiols (cysteinyl-proteins and cysteinyl-peptides) and carbonyls (carbonylated proteins, mycotoxins). Their applications range from low abundance proteomics to reversible protein/peptide labelling to antibody chromatography to quantitative and qualitative food analysis. In discussing the potential of RCC, a special focus is on the conditions and restrictions of the utilized reaction chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Siegel
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter-Str 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
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37
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Li Q, Lü C, Li H, Liu Y, Wang H, Wang X, Liu Z. Preparation of organic-silica hybrid boronate affinity monolithic column for the specific capture and separation of cis-diol containing compounds. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1256:114-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Zhang X, Xu S, Lim JM, Lee YI. Molecularly imprinted solid phase microextraction fiber for trace analysis of catecholamines in urine and serum samples by capillary electrophoresis. Talanta 2012; 99:270-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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39
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Li H, Liu Z. Recent advances in monolithic column-based boronate-affinity chromatography. Trends Analyt Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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40
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Cobzac SC, Gocan S. CHROMATOGRAPHY: RECENT PROGRESS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.647193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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41
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Liu Y, Lu Y, Liu Z. Restricted access boronate affinity porous monolith as a protein A mimetic for the specific capture of immunoglobulin G. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc20125a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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42
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Cobzac SC, Gocan S. SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY: RECENT PROGRESS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.588064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Codruta Cobzac
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Babes-Bolyai University , Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Simion Gocan
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Babes-Bolyai University , Cluj Napoca, Romania
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43
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Kataoka H, Saito K. Recent advances in SPME techniques in biomedical analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 54:926-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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44
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Cakal C, Ferrance JP, Landers JP, Caglar P. Microchip extraction of catecholamines using a boronic acid functional affinity monolith. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 690:94-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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