|
1
|
Right lung transplantation with a left-to-right inverted anastomosis in a rat model. JTCVS OPEN 2022; 10:429-439. [PMID: 36004231 PMCID: PMC9390618 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjon.2022.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objective Right lung transplantation in rats has been attempted occasionally, but the technical complexity makes it challenging to apply routinely. Additionally, basic research on inverted lobar lung transplantation is scarce because of the lack of a cost-effective experimental model. We first reported right lung transplantation in a rat model using left-to-right inverted anastomosis to imitate the principle of clinically inverted lung transplantation. Methods Right lung transplantation was performed in 10 consecutive rats. By using a 3-cuff technique, the left lung of the donor rat was implanted into the right thoracic cavity of the recipient rat. The rat lung graft was rotated 180° along the vertical axis to achieve anatomic matching of right hilar structures. Another 10 consecutive rats had received orthotopic left lung transplantation as a control. Results All lung transplantation procedures were technically successful without intraoperative failure. One rat (10%) died of full pulmonary atelectasis after right lung transplantation, whereas all rats survived after left lung transplantation. No significant difference was observed in heart-lung block retrieval (8.6 ± 0.8 vs 8.4 ± 0.9 minutes), cuff preparation (8.3 ± 0.9 vs 8.7 ± 0.9 minutes), or total procedure time (58.2 ± 2.6 vs 56.6 ± 2.1 minutes) between the right lung transplantation and standard left lung transplantation groups (P > .05), although the cold ischemia time (14.2 ± 0.9 vs 25.5 ± 1.7 minutes) and warm ischemia time (19.8 ± 1.5 vs 13.7 ± 1.8 minutes) were different (P < .001). Conclusions Right lung transplantation with a left-to-right inverted anastomosis in a rat model is technically easy to master, expeditious, and reproducible. It can potentially imitate the principle of clinically inverted lung transplantation and become an alternative to standard left lung transplantation.
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Jin X, Kaes J, Van Slambrouck J, Inci I, Arni S, Geudens V, Heigl T, Jansen Y, Carlon MS, Vos R, Van Raemdonck D, Zhang Y, Vanaudenaerde BM, Ceulemans LJ. A Comprehensive Review on the Surgical Aspect of Lung Transplant Models in Mice and Rats. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030480. [PMID: 35159289 PMCID: PMC8833959 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung transplantation improves the outcome and quality of life of patients with end-stage pulmonary disease. However, the procedure is still hampered by the lack of suitable donors, the complexity of the surgery, and the risk of developing chronic lung allograft dysfunction. Over the past decades, translational experiments in animal models have led to a better understanding of physiology and immunopathology following the lung transplant procedure. Small animal models (e.g., rats and mice) are mostly used in experiments regarding immunology and pathobiology and are preferred over large animal models due to the ethical aspects, the cost-benefit balance, and the high throughput possibility. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the reported surgical techniques for lung transplantation in rodent models and the management of perioperative complications. Furthermore, we propose a guide to help identify the appropriate species for a given experiment and discuss recent experimental findings in small animal lung transplant models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department CHROMETA, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (X.J.); (J.K.); (J.V.S.); (V.G.); (T.H.); (Y.J.); (M.S.C.); (R.V.); (D.V.R.); (B.M.V.)
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Janne Kaes
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department CHROMETA, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (X.J.); (J.K.); (J.V.S.); (V.G.); (T.H.); (Y.J.); (M.S.C.); (R.V.); (D.V.R.); (B.M.V.)
| | - Jan Van Slambrouck
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department CHROMETA, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (X.J.); (J.K.); (J.V.S.); (V.G.); (T.H.); (Y.J.); (M.S.C.); (R.V.); (D.V.R.); (B.M.V.)
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilhan Inci
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (I.I.); (S.A.)
| | - Stephan Arni
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; (I.I.); (S.A.)
| | - Vincent Geudens
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department CHROMETA, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (X.J.); (J.K.); (J.V.S.); (V.G.); (T.H.); (Y.J.); (M.S.C.); (R.V.); (D.V.R.); (B.M.V.)
| | - Tobias Heigl
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department CHROMETA, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (X.J.); (J.K.); (J.V.S.); (V.G.); (T.H.); (Y.J.); (M.S.C.); (R.V.); (D.V.R.); (B.M.V.)
| | - Yanina Jansen
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department CHROMETA, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (X.J.); (J.K.); (J.V.S.); (V.G.); (T.H.); (Y.J.); (M.S.C.); (R.V.); (D.V.R.); (B.M.V.)
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marianne S. Carlon
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department CHROMETA, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (X.J.); (J.K.); (J.V.S.); (V.G.); (T.H.); (Y.J.); (M.S.C.); (R.V.); (D.V.R.); (B.M.V.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Vos
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department CHROMETA, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (X.J.); (J.K.); (J.V.S.); (V.G.); (T.H.); (Y.J.); (M.S.C.); (R.V.); (D.V.R.); (B.M.V.)
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Van Raemdonck
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department CHROMETA, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (X.J.); (J.K.); (J.V.S.); (V.G.); (T.H.); (Y.J.); (M.S.C.); (R.V.); (D.V.R.); (B.M.V.)
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (L.J.C.); Tel.: +32-16-34-68-20 (L.J.C.)
| | - Bart M. Vanaudenaerde
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department CHROMETA, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (X.J.); (J.K.); (J.V.S.); (V.G.); (T.H.); (Y.J.); (M.S.C.); (R.V.); (D.V.R.); (B.M.V.)
| | - Laurens J. Ceulemans
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department CHROMETA, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (X.J.); (J.K.); (J.V.S.); (V.G.); (T.H.); (Y.J.); (M.S.C.); (R.V.); (D.V.R.); (B.M.V.)
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (L.J.C.); Tel.: +32-16-34-68-20 (L.J.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Pezzuto F, Lunardi F, Vadori M, Zampieri D, Casiraghi F, Azzollini N, Vuljan SE, Mammana M, Vedovelli L, Schiavon M, Gregori D, Cozzi E, Rea F, Calabrese F. Chronic lung allograft pathology lesions in two rat strain combinations. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:2833-2843. [PMID: 34164175 PMCID: PMC8182524 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-3415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic lung allograft dysfunction remains an obstacle to long-term survival after lung transplantation. Two phenotypes have been described: obliterative bronchiolitis and restrictive allograft syndrome. Preclinical models are essential to analyze chronic lung allograft dysfunction pathophysiology. Methods Orthotopic lung transplants from 38 Lewis into Fischer 344 (Lew→F344) and 67 Brown-Norway into Lewis (BN→Lew) rats were performed in our center in the last decade. We carefully reviewed and quantified all grafts with chronic rejection (40 cases) (18 Lew→F344, 22 BN→Lew) with the aim to investigate if histological changes of chronic lung allograft dysfunction could be also detected in rat grafts. Results All animals showed human reminiscent histological lesions. Early chronic rejection lesions were detected in BN→Lew. End-stage chronic rejection with features of obliterative bronchiolitis was observed in 33% of Lew→F344; end-stage with restrictive allograft syndrome chronic rejection in 67% and 80% of Lew→F344 and BN→Lew, respectively. BN→Lew showed higher grades of endotheliitis, vascular fibrosis, and lower grades of lymphoid aggregates than Lew→F344 (P=0.007, P=0.043, P=0.004, respectively). Conclusions Chronic rejection lesions in rat lung allografts mimic those in humans. The frequent occurrence of restrictive allograft syndrome-like lesions in BN→Lew may be related to a higher degree of mismatch in this strain combination. These animal models could allow future mechanistic studies to better understand chronic lung allograft dysfunction pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Pezzuto
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Lunardi
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Davide Zampieri
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Nadia Azzollini
- Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Stefania Edith Vuljan
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Mammana
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Vedovelli
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Schiavon
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy
| | - Dario Gregori
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cozzi
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Rea
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy
| | - Fiorella Calabrese
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova Medical School, Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
The Nox1/Nox4 inhibitor attenuates acute lung injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209444. [PMID: 30571757 PMCID: PMC6301701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung ischemia and reperfusion injury (LIRI) were mediated by several processes including over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory activation. ROS generated by nicotinamide adenine dinucletide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (Nox) may play a pivotal role in pathophysiological changes in a range of disease. However, it was poorly understood in LIRI. Thus, the purpose of our study was to explore whether GKT137831, as a special dual inhibitor of Nox1 and 4, could alleviate LIRI in mice model and explore the minimal dose. According to the protocol, this study was divided into two parts. The first part was to determine the minimal dose of Nox1/4 inhibitor in attenuating LIRI via histopathology and apoptosis analysis. Eighteen C57BL/6J male wild-type mice were randomly divided in to sham, 2.5Nox+sham, 5.0Nox+sham, IR, 2.5Nox+IR and 5.0Nox+IR groups. According to the different group, mice were pretreated with corresponding dose of Nox1/4 inhibitors or normal saline. After LIRI, the results showed 5.0mg/kg Nox1/4 inhibitor could be considered as the minimal dose to alleviate injury by decreasing of lung injury score and the number of TUNEL-positive cells. The second part was to further verify the benefit of 5.0mg/kg Nox1/4 inhibitor in lung protective effects. Thirty-seven C57BL/6J male wild-type mice were divided in to sham, IR and 5.0Nox+IR groups randomly. The results showed that expressions of inflammatory, autophagy cytokines were markedly elevated and PH value was declined after LIRI. However, 5.0 mg/kg Nox1/4 inhibitor significantly attenuated cytokine production as reflected by immunohistochemistry, western blotting and Q-PCR analysis. In conclusion, our findings suggested that 5.0mg/kg Nox1/4 inhibitor contributed to protect lung tissue damage after LIRI via the suppression of inflammatory and autophagy activation.
Collapse
|