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Uprety T, Soni S, Sreenivasan C, Hause BM, Naveed A, Ni S, Graves AJ, Morrow JK, Meade N, Mellits KH, Adam E, Kennedy MA, Wang D, Li F. Genetic and antigenic characterization of two diarrhoeicdominant rotavirus A genotypes G3P[12] and G14P[12] circulating in the global equine population. J Gen Virol 2024; 105:002016. [PMID: 39163114 PMCID: PMC11335307 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.002016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Equine rotavirus species A (ERVA) G3P[12] and G14P[12] are two dominant genotypes that cause foal diarrhoea with a significant economic impact on the global equine industry. ERVA can also serve as a source of novel (equine-like) rotavirus species A (RVA) reassortants with zoonotic potential as those identified previously in 2013-2019 when equine G3-like RVA was responsible for worldwide outbreaks of severe gastroenteritis and hospitalizations in children. One hurdle to ERVA research is that the standard cell culture system optimized for human rotavirus replication is not efficient for isolating ERVA. Here, using an engineered cell line defective in antiviral innate immunity, we showed that both equine G3P[12] and G14P[12] strains can be rapidly isolated from diarrhoeic foals. The genome sequence analysis revealed that both G3P[12] and G14P[12] strains share the identical genotypic constellation except for VP7 and VP6 segments in which G3P[12] possessed VP7 of genotype G3 and VP6 of genotype I6 and G14P[12] had the combination of VP7 of genotype G14 and VP6 of genotype I2. Further characterization demonstrated that two ERVA genotypes have a limited cross-neutralization. The lack of an in vitro broad cross-protection between both genotypes supported the increased recent diarrhoea outbreaks due to equine G14P[12] in foals born to dams immunized with the inactivated monovalent equine G3P[12] vaccine. Finally, using the structural modelling approach, we provided the genetic basis of the antigenic divergence between ERVA G3P[12] and G14P[12] strains. The results of this study will provide a framework for further investigation of infection biology, pathogenesis and cross-protection of equine rotaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirth Uprety
- Department of Veterinary Science, Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA
| | - Shalini Soni
- Department of Veterinary Science, Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA
| | - Chithra Sreenivasan
- Department of Veterinary Science, Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA
| | - Ben M. Hause
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, 57007, USA
| | - Ahsan Naveed
- Department of Veterinary Science, Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA
| | - Shuisong Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Amy J. Graves
- Equine Diagnostic Solutions, LLC, 1501 Bull Lea Rd, Suite 104, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Morrow
- Equine Diagnostic Solutions, LLC, 1501 Bull Lea Rd, Suite 104, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, USA
| | - Nathan Meade
- Division of Microbiology, Brewing, and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Kenneth H. Mellits
- Division of Microbiology, Brewing, and Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, UK
| | - Emma Adam
- Department of Veterinary Science, Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA
| | - Michael A. Kennedy
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, 57007, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Veterinary Science, Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Veterinary Science, Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA
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Carossino M, Vissani MA, Barrandeguy ME, Balasuriya UBR, Parreño V. Equine Rotavirus A under the One Health Lens: Potential Impacts on Public Health. Viruses 2024; 16:130. [PMID: 38257830 PMCID: PMC10819593 DOI: 10.3390/v16010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Group A rotaviruses are a well-known cause of viral gastroenteritis in infants and children, as well as in many mammalian species and birds, affecting them at a young age. This group of viruses has a double-stranded, segmented RNA genome with high genetic diversity linked to point mutations, recombination, and, importantly, reassortment. While initial molecular investigations undertaken in the 1900s suggested host range restriction among group A rotaviruses based on the fact that different gene segments were distributed among different animal species, recent molecular surveillance and genome constellation genotyping studies conducted by the Rotavirus Classification Working Group (RCWG) have shown that animal rotaviruses serve as a source of diversification of human rotavirus A, highlighting their zoonotic potential. Rotaviruses occurring in various animal species have been linked with contributing genetic material to human rotaviruses, including horses, with the most recent identification of equine-like G3 rotavirus A infecting children. The goal of this article is to review relevant information related to rotavirus structure/genomic organization, epidemiology (with a focus on human and equine rotavirus A), evolution, inter-species transmission, and the potential zoonotic role of equine and other animal rotaviruses. Diagnostics, surveillance and the current status of human and livestock vaccines against RVA are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Carossino
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Maria Aldana Vissani
- Escuela de Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Universidad del Salvador, Pilar, Buenos Aires B1630AHU, Argentina; (M.A.V.); (M.E.B.)
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires B1686LQF, Argentina;
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1033AAJ, Argentina
| | - Maria E. Barrandeguy
- Escuela de Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Veterinarias, Universidad del Salvador, Pilar, Buenos Aires B1630AHU, Argentina; (M.A.V.); (M.E.B.)
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires B1686LQF, Argentina;
| | - Udeni B. R. Balasuriya
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Viviana Parreño
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires B1686LQF, Argentina;
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1033AAJ, Argentina
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Carossino M, Balasuriya UBR, Thieulent CJ, Barrandeguy ME, Vissani MA, Parreño V. Quadruplex Real-Time TaqMan ® RT-qPCR Assay for Differentiation of Equine Group A and B Rotaviruses and Identification of Group A G3 and G14 Genotypes. Viruses 2023; 15:1626. [PMID: 37631969 PMCID: PMC10459720 DOI: 10.3390/v15081626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine rotavirus A (ERVA) is the leading cause of diarrhea in foals, with G3P[12] and G14P[12] genotypes being the most prevalent. Recently, equine G3-like RVA was recognized as an emerging infection in children, and a group B equine rotavirus (ERVB) was identified as an emergent cause of foal diarrhea in the US. Thus, there is a need to adapt molecular diagnostic tools for improved detection and surveillance to identify emerging strains, understand their molecular epidemiology, and inform future vaccine development. We developed a quadruplex TaqMan® RT-qPCR assay for differentiation of ERVA and ERVB and simultaneous G-typing of ERVA strains, evaluated its analytical and clinical performance, and compared it to (1) a previously established ERVA triplex RT-qPCR assay and (2) standard RT-PCR assay and Sanger sequencing of PCR products. This quadruplex RT-qPCR assay demonstrated high sensitivity (>90%)/specificity (100%) for every target and high overall agreement (>96%). Comparison between the triplex and quadruplex assays revealed only a slightly higher sensitivity for the ERVA NSP3 target using the triplex format (p-value 0.008) while no significant differences were detected for other targets. This quadruplex RT-qPCR assay will significantly enhance rapid surveillance of both ERVA and ERVB circulating and emerging strains with potential for interspecies transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Carossino
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Udeni B. R. Balasuriya
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Côme J. Thieulent
- Louisiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Maria E. Barrandeguy
- Escuela de Veterinaria, Universidad del Salvador, Buenos Aires B1630, Argentina; (M.E.B.); (M.A.V.)
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires B1686, Argentina;
| | - Maria Aldana Vissani
- Escuela de Veterinaria, Universidad del Salvador, Buenos Aires B1630, Argentina; (M.E.B.); (M.A.V.)
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires B1686, Argentina;
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1425, Argentina
| | - Viviana Parreño
- Instituto de Virología, CICVyA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires B1686, Argentina;
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1425, Argentina
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Mashin VV, Sergeev AN, Martynova NN, Oganov MD, Sergeev AA, Kataeva VV, Zagidullin NV. Ensuring Viral Safety of Equine Immunoglobulins during Production. Pharm Chem J 2022; 56:283-288. [PMID: 35571872 PMCID: PMC9076163 DOI: 10.1007/s11094-022-02632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Equine blood plasma/serum and intermediates must be monitored for the presence of live viruses pathogenic in humans during production of equine immunoglobulins. Information concerning low-cost and simple methods for the detection of live horse viruses pathogenic and non-pathogenic to humans was gained using data of modern domestic and foreign literature. These methods are based on cultivation of these viruses on sensitive biosystems. The presented information can be used to set up blood plasma/serum control of horses at different stages of immunoglobulin production, i.e., when taking blood from horses during their quarantine period, when collecting blood from immunized horses, and before bottling the medicinal intermediate in the primary package.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. V. Mashin
- Microgen Scientific Industrial Company for Immunobiological Medicines JSC, 10 2nd Volkonskii Pereulok, Moscow, 127473 Russia
| | - A. N. Sergeev
- Microgen Scientific Industrial Company for Immunobiological Medicines JSC, 10 2nd Volkonskii Pereulok, Moscow, 127473 Russia
| | - N. N. Martynova
- Microgen Scientific Industrial Company for Immunobiological Medicines JSC, 10 2nd Volkonskii Pereulok, Moscow, 127473 Russia
| | - M. D. Oganov
- Microgen Scientific Industrial Company for Immunobiological Medicines JSC, 10 2nd Volkonskii Pereulok, Moscow, 127473 Russia
| | - A. A. Sergeev
- AVVAPharmaceuticals Ltd., Representative Moscow Office, Office 8, 4/3 Aviamotornaya St., Moscow, 111116 Russia
| | - V. V. Kataeva
- Microgen Scientific Industrial Company for Immunobiological Medicines JSC, 10 2nd Volkonskii Pereulok, Moscow, 127473 Russia
| | - N. V. Zagidullin
- Microgen Scientific Industrial Company for Immunobiological Medicines JSC, 10 2nd Volkonskii Pereulok, Moscow, 127473 Russia
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Yin N, Wu J, Kuang X, Lin X, Zhou Y, Yi S, Hu X, Chen R, Liu Y, Ye J, He Z, Sun M, Li H. Vaccination of pregnant rhesus monkeys with inactivated rotavirus as a model for achieving protection from rotavirus SA11 infection in the offspring. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:5656-5665. [PMID: 35213949 PMCID: PMC8903932 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.2011548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Live-attenuated rotavirus vaccine has shown low protection in underdeveloped or developing countries. However, the inactivated rotavirus vaccine may have the potential to overcome some of these challenges. In the present study, the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a bivalent inactivated rotavirus vaccine by parenteral administration were elevated in a neonatal rhesus monkey model. A bivalent inactivated rotavirus vaccine containing G1P[8] (ZTR-68 strain) and G9P[8] (ZTR-18 strain) was administered to pregnant rhesus monkeys twice at an interval of 14 days. Neutralizing antibodies against RV strains ZTR-68, ZTR-18, SA11, WA, UK, and Gottfried emerged in pregnant rhesus monkeys and were transplacentally transmitted to the offspring. In the vaccine group, clinical symptoms of diarrhea, viral load in the gut tissue and histopathological changes were significantly reduced in the neonatal rhesus monkeys following oral challenge with the SA11 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yin
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China,CONTACT Hongjun Li Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming650118, China
| | - Jinyuan Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Xiangjing Kuang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaochen Lin
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Shan Yi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Zhanlong He
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Maosheng Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
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6
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Live Viral Vaccine Neurovirulence Screening: Current and Future Models. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9070710. [PMID: 34209433 PMCID: PMC8310194 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Live viral vaccines are one of the most successful methods for controlling viral infections but require strong evidence to indicate that they are properly attenuated. Screening for residual neurovirulence is an important aspect for live viral vaccines against potentially neurovirulent diseases. Approximately half of all emerging viral diseases have neurological effects, so testing of future vaccines will need to be rapid and accurate. The current method, the monkey neurovirulence test (MNVT), shows limited translatability for human diseases and does not account for different viral pathogenic mechanisms. This review discusses the MNVT and potential alternative models, including in vivo and in vitro methods. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed, and there are promising data indicating high levels of translatability. There is a need to investigate these models more thoroughly and to devise more accurate and rapid alternatives to the MNVT.
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Abstract
This review briefly describes the virus classification, clinical signs, epidemiology,
diagnosis, disinfection, and vaccines related equine group A rotavirus (RVA) infection.
Equine RVA is one of the most important pathogens causing diarrhoea in foals. The main
transmission route is faecal–oral, and the clinical signs are diarrhoea, fever, lethargy,
and anorexia (decreased suckling). Some human RVA rapid antigen detection kits based on
the principles of the immunochromatographic assay are useful for the diagnosis of equine
RVA infection. The kits are used in daily clinical practice because of their rapidity and
ease of handling. Equine RVA is a non-enveloped virus and is more resistant to
disinfectants than enveloped viruses such as equine influenza virus and equine
herpesvirus. Although amphoteric soaps and quaternary ammonium compounds are commonly used
in veterinary hygiene, they are generally ineffective against equine RVA. Alcohol
products, aldehydes, and chlorine- and iodine-based compounds are effective against equine
RVA. Inactivated vaccines have been used for equine RVA infection in some countries.
Pregnant mares are intramuscularly inoculated with a vaccine, and thus their colostrum has
abundant antibodies against RVA at the time of birth. According to G and P classification
defined in accordance with the VP7 and VP4 genes, respectively, the predominant equine
RVAs circulating in horse populations globally are G3P[12] and G14P[12] equine RVAs, but
the vaccines contain only the G3P[12] equine RVA strain. Ideally, a G14P[12] equine RVA
should be added as a vaccine strain to obtain a better vaccine effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Nemoto
- Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan
| | - Tomio Matsumura
- Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan
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Nemoto M, Niwa H, Kida H, Higuchi T, Orita Y, Sato S, Bannai H, Tsujimura K, Ohta M. Isolation and characterization of a rare group A rotavirus G13P[18] strain from a diarrhoeic foal in Japan. J Gen Virol 2020; 101:800-805. [PMID: 32490792 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A rare genotype G13P[18] group A rotavirus (RVA/Horse-tc/JPN/MK9/2019/G13P[18]) was isolated from a diarrhoeic foal for the first time in 28 years. The genotype constellation of the virus was assigned to G13-P[18]-I6-R9-C9-M6-A6-N9-T12-E14-H11 and was the same as that of the first isolated strain, RVA/Horse-tc/GBR/L338/1991/G13P[18]. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the virus is related to RVA/Horse-tc/GBR/L338/1991/G13P[18] and is distant from typical equine rotaviruses of the G3P[12] and G14P[12] genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Nemoto
- Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Niwa
- Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kida
- Hokkaido South Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Hidaka-cho, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tohru Higuchi
- Hokkaido South Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Shinhidaka-cho, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Orita
- Hokkaido South Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Niikappu-cho, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sato
- Hokkaido South Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Niikappu-cho, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Bannai
- Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Koji Tsujimura
- Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Minoru Ohta
- Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
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Chávez-Maya F, García-Espinosa G, López-Arellano ME, Padilla-Noriega L. Mutations in the VP2 gene of rotavirus associated with benzimidazole sensitivity. Virus Res 2020; 291:198189. [PMID: 33049307 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rotavirus species A (RVA) is the etiological agent of acute gastroenteritis in young individuals of various animal species, including humans. Vaccination has helped to reduce the impact of these viruses on humans and some species of domestic mammals, but they do not confer complete immunity, so antirotavirus agents are another important control option. In this study, millimolar concentrations of benzimidazole inhibited the replication of the Rhesus rotavirus (RRV) strain of RVA. Two mutants partially resistant to the inhibitory effect of benzimidazole were independently selected, and their genomes and those of their parental strains were fully sequenced. Most (7/11) mutations occurred in the gene that encodes the VP2 protein, and similarly most of the missense mutations (5/9), including the only one shared by the two mutants (G2,414 → R[G/A], D800 N), occurred in the VP2 gene. Our results identify the VP2 gene as the primary target affected by benzimidazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Chávez-Maya
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Gary García-Espinosa
- Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - María Eugenia López-Arellano
- Departamento de Helmintología, Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, INIFAP-México, Jiutepec 62550, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Luis Padilla-Noriega
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, edificio A, primer piso, Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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10
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The distinct impact of maternal antibodies on the immunogenicity of live and recombinant rotavirus vaccines. Vaccine 2019; 37:4061-4067. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.05.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Nemoto M, Niwa H, Murakami S, Miki R, Higuchi T, Bannai H, Tsujimura K, Kokado H. Molecular analyses of G3A/G3B and G14 equine group A rotaviruses detected between 2012 and 2018 in Japan. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:913-931. [PMID: 31090536 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine group A rotaviruses (RVAs) cause diarrhoea in foals. We investigated the G genotypes of 360 RVA-positive samples obtained from diarrhoeic foals between 2012 and 2018 in the Hidaka district of Hokkaido, Japan, through sequence analysis of VP7. All samples were classified into genotypes G3A, G3B and G14. G3B RVAs were detected until 2016, and G3A RVAs were detected from 2016 to 2018. G14 RVAs were detected from 2012 to 2018. Although G3B RVAs had been circulating in Japan for a long time, G3A RVAs suddenly emerged in 2016, and have replaced G3B RVAs since 2017. Molecular analyses of VP7 and VP4 showed that these Japanese G3A RVAs are closely related to North American G3A RVAs detected in 2017. Additionally, whole-genome analyses suggested that genetic reassortments occurred between G3A and G14 RVAs in NSP1, NSP2, NSP4 and NSP5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Nemoto
- 1 Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Niwa
- 1 Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Ryoka Miki
- 2 Thermo Fisher Scientific, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Higuchi
- 3 Mitsuishi Animal Medical Center, Hokkaido South Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Shinhidaka-cho, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Bannai
- 1 Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Koji Tsujimura
- 1 Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kokado
- 1 Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
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