1
|
Venkatesan T, Panda R, Kumari A, Nehra AK, Ram H, Pateer DP, Karikalan M, Garg R, Singh MK, Shukla U, Pawde AM. Genetic and population diversity of Toxocara cati (Schrank, 1788) Brumpt, 1927, on the basis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:3477-3493. [PMID: 36222955 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation was aimed to study the sequence, phylogenetic and haplotype analyses of Toxocara cati based on the ITS region, along with the genetic diversity, demographic history and population-genetic structure. The maximum likelihood tree based on Kimura 2-parameter model was constructed using the complete ITS region of all the nucleotide sequences (n = 57) of Toxocara spp. and other related ascarid worms available in the GenBank™. It placed all the sequences of T. cati into four major clades designated as T. cati genotypes 1-4 (TcG1-G4). A total of 66 signature nucleotides were identified in the ITS region between genotypes. The median-joining haplotype network displayed a total of 24 haplotypes, with China exhibiting the highest number of haplotypes (h = 20) followed by India (h = 4), and Japan and Russia (h = 1). It indicated a clear distinction between all the four genotypes. The pairwise FST values between all the genotypes indicated huge genetic differentiation (> 0.25) between different T. cati genotypes. Moreover, the gene flow (Nm) between T. cati genotypes was very low. Results of AMOVA revealed higher genetic variation between genotypes (92.82%) as compared to the variation within genotypes (7.18%). The neutrality indices and mismatch distributions for the G1-G4 genotypes, Indian isolates and the overall dataset of T. cati indicated either a constant population size or a slight population increase. The geographical distribution of all the genotypes of T. cati is also reported. This is the first report of genotyping of T. cati on the basis of the ITS region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thangam Venkatesan
- Division of Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
| | - Rasmita Panda
- Division of Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
| | - Ansu Kumari
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Anil Kumar Nehra
- Division of Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India.,Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Hira Ram
- Division of Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India.
| | - Devendra Prasad Pateer
- Division of Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
| | - M Karikalan
- Centre for Wildlife Conservation, Management and Disease Surveillance, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
| | - Rajat Garg
- Division of Parasitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
| | - M K Singh
- Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
| | | | - A M Pawde
- Centre for Wildlife Conservation, Management and Disease Surveillance, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
ZHANG H, ZHANG N, GONG P, CHENG S, WANG X, LI X, HOU Z, LIU C, BI T, WANG B, CHENG Y, LI J, ZHANG X. Prevalence and molecular characterization of
Pentatrichomonas hominis
in Siberian tigers
(Panthera tigris altaica)
in northeast China. Integr Zool 2022; 17:543-549. [PMID: 35064641 PMCID: PMC9541480 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo ZHANG
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University Changchun 130062 China
| | - Nan ZHANG
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University Changchun 130062 China
| | - Pengtao GONG
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University Changchun 130062 China
| | - Shuqin CHENG
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University Changchun 130062 China
| | - Xiaocen WANG
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University Changchun 130062 China
| | - Xin LI
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University Changchun 130062 China
| | - Zhijun HOU
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry University Harbin 150040 China
| | - Chang LIU
- Changchun Animal and Plant Park Changchun 130022 China
| | - Tianqi BI
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University Changchun 130062 China
| | - Bobo WANG
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University Changchun 130062 China
| | - Yidan CHENG
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University Changchun 130062 China
| | - Jianhua LI
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University Changchun 130062 China
| | - Xichen ZHANG
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine Jilin University Changchun 130062 China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
RAMADEVI P, VENU R. Coprological survey of gastrointestinal parasitism in captive wildlife of three zoological parks located in southern India. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v90i4.104192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal parasitism (GIP) is one of the important causes of diarrhoea in captive wildlife. Due to lack of systematic data on GIP in captive wildlife of southern parts of India, a study was conducted. Faecal samples (793) were collected from wildlife of three zoological parks, viz. Sri Venkateswara Zoological Park (SVZP), Tirupati (n=244); Indira Gandhi Zoological Park (IGZP), Visakhapatnam (n=221) and Nehru Zoological Park (NZP), Hyderabad (n=328). The collected samples were screened by faecal sedimentation and faecal flotation methods for detection of parasite ova, cysts or oocysts. An overall prevalence of GIP at 19.92% (158/793) with 16.39% (130/ 793) of helminths, 2.27% (18/793) of intestinal protozoa and 1.26% (15/793) of mixed infections were recorded. The highest prevalence of GIP was recorded in NZP (22.26%) followed by SVZP (20.90%) and IGZP (15.38%). The prevalence of GIP was observed highest in reptiles (42.31%) followed by herbivores (26.32%), carnivores (23.59%), birds (9.09%), rodents (9.09%) and primates (8.89%). Monitoring of captive wildlife at regular intervals is needed to assess the GIP to alert the zoo authorities to take up proper preventive measures.
Collapse
|
4
|
Hou Z, Peng Z, Ning Y, Liu D, Chai H, Jiang G. An initial coprological survey of parasitic fauna in the wild Amur leopard (Panthera pardus orientalis). Integr Zool 2020; 15:375-384. [PMID: 32302039 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Amur leopard, one of nine recently recognized subspecies of leopard, is still the most threatened by a stochastic procession of extinction. Evaluation of the potential danger to the conservation of the Amur leopard originating from disease urgently needs to be studied. Unfortunately, research on the potential risk to Amur leopards caused by disease is rare. In terms of parasitic diseases that affect this species, even basic data for parasitic fauna are absent. The aim of this study is to acquire this knowledge to improve the general understanding of Amur leopard parasites. Seven parasite species, including 3 nematodes (Toxocara cati, a capillarid-type parasite, and a Metastrongyloidea-type parasite), 2 cestodes (Spirometra sp. and Taenia sp.), 1 trematode (Paragonimus sp.), and 1 protozoan (Cystoisospora felis), were found in this research. Toxocara cati occurred most frequently, followed by Spirometra sp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Hou
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiwei Peng
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Ning
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Heilongjiang Siberian Tiger Park, Harbin, China
| | - Hongliang Chai
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangshun Jiang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Peng ZW, Ning Y, Liu D, Sun Y, Wang LX, Zhai QA, Hou ZJ, Chai HL, Jiang GS. Ascarid infection in wild Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) in China. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:86. [PMID: 32156273 PMCID: PMC7063752 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02296-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wild Amur tigers are a sparsely populated species, and the conservation of this species is of great concern worldwide, but as an important health risk factor, parasite infection in them is not fully understanding. RESULTS In this study, sixty-two faecal samples were collected to investigate the frequency and infection intensity of Toxocara cati and Toxascaris leonina in wild Amur tigers. The T. cati and T. leonina eggs were preliminary identified by microscopy, and confirmed by molecular techniques. Infection intensity was determined by the modified McMaster technique. Phylogenetic trees demonstrated that T. cati of wild Amur tiger had a closer relationship with which of other wild felines than that of domestic cats. T. leonina of Amur tiger and other felines clustered into one clade, showing a closer relationship than canines. The average frequency of T. cati was 77.42% (48/62), and the frequency in 2016 (100%) were higher than those in 2013 (P = 0.051, < 0.1; 66.6%) and 2014 (P = 0.079, < 0.1; 72.2%). The infection intensity of T. cati ranged from 316.6 n/g to 1084.1 n/g. For T. leonina, only three samples presented eggs when the saturated sodium chloride floating method was performed, indicating that the frequency is 4.83% (3/62). Unfortunately, the egg number in faecal smears is lower than the detective limitation, so the infection intensity of T. leonina is missed. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that ascarids are broadly prevalent, and T. cati is a dominant parasite species in the wild Amur tiger population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Peng
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Ning
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Amur Tiger Pk, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying Sun
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Li-Xin Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Qi-An Zhai
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Hou
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.
| | - Hong-Liang Chai
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.
| | - Guang-Shun Jiang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Genetic characteristics and phylogenetic relationship of Parascaris spp. from Equus zebra, E. caballus, and E. asinus. Vet Parasitol 2019; 271:76-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
7
|
Ning Y, Kostyria AV, Ma J, Chayka MI, Guskov VY, Qi J, Sheremetyeva IN, Wang M, Jiang G. Dispersal of Amur tiger from spatial distribution and genetics within the eastern Changbai mountain of China. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:2415-2424. [PMID: 30891189 PMCID: PMC6405893 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Population dispersal and migration often indicate an expanded habitat and reduced inbreeding probability, and to some extend reflects improvement in the condition of the population. The Amur tiger population in the northern region of the Changbai mountain in China mostly distributes along the Sino-Russian border, next to the population in southwest Primorye in Russia. The successful dispersal westward and transboundary movement are crucial for the persistence of the Amur tiger in this area. This study explored the spatial dispersal of the population, transboundary migration, and the genetic condition of the Amur tiger population within the northern Changbai mountain in China, using occurrence data and fecal samples. Our results from 2003 to 2016 showed that the Amur tiger population in this area was spreading westward at a speed of 12.83 ± 4.41 km every three years. Genetic diversity of the Amur tiger populations in southwest Primorye was slightly different than the population in our study area, and the potential individual migration rate between these two populations was shown to be about 13.04%. Furthermore, the relationships between genetic distances and spatial distances indicated the existence of serious limitations to the dispersal of the Amur tiger in China. This study provided important information about spatial dispersal, transboundary migration, and the genetic diversity of Amur tigers in China, showed the urgent need for Amur tiger habitat restoration, and suggested some important conservation measures, such as corridor construction to eliminate dispersal barriers and joint international conservation to promote trans-boundary movement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Ning
- Feline Research Center of Chinese State Forestry Administration, College of Wildlife ResourcesNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Aleksey V. Kostyria
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial BiodiversityFar Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (FSCEATB FEB RAS)VladivostokRussia
- WWF‐Russia, Amur BranchVladivostokRussia
| | - Jianzhang Ma
- Feline Research Center of Chinese State Forestry Administration, College of Wildlife ResourcesNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Marina I. Chayka
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial BiodiversityFar Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (FSCEATB FEB RAS)VladivostokRussia
| | - Valentin Yu Guskov
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial BiodiversityFar Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (FSCEATB FEB RAS)VladivostokRussia
| | - Jinzhe Qi
- Feline Research Center of Chinese State Forestry Administration, College of Wildlife ResourcesNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Irina N. Sheremetyeva
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial BiodiversityFar Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (FSCEATB FEB RAS)VladivostokRussia
| | - Meng Wang
- Feline Research Center of Chinese State Forestry Administration, College of Wildlife ResourcesNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Guangshun Jiang
- Feline Research Center of Chinese State Forestry Administration, College of Wildlife ResourcesNortheast Forestry UniversityHarbinChina
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Moskvina TV, Schelkanov MY, Begun MA. Endoparasites of the Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica). Integr Zool 2018; 13:507-516. [PMID: 29851290 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
There have been few reports on the diversity and prevalence of parasitic fauna of the endangered Siberian tiger, which inhabits the territory of the Russian Far East. The present review attempts to summarize the information about the parasitic fauna of wild Siberian tigers, which includes 15 helminths and 3 protozoan species. The most prevalent parasitic species was found to be Toxocara cati, followed by Toxascaris leonina. Another commonly recorded Platyhelminth species is Paragonimus westermani, which causes a lethal infection of the lung parenchyma in Siberian tigers. However, the information about infections by this fluke in the Siberian tigers is scarce, although P. westermani infections pose a serious health hazard to tiger populations. The nematodes Aelurostrongylus abstrusus and Thominx aerophilus are found in Siberian tigers with an occurrence rate of 2.3% and 19%, respectively. The information on the parasitic infestations of captive populations of Siberian tigers is also presented along with the sources of infection and hazards for the wild tiger populations in their natural environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michail Yu Schelkanov
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Primorsky Krai, Russia.,Federal Scientific Center of Terrestrial Biodiversity of Eastern Asia, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Primorsky Krai, Russia
| | - Mariya A Begun
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Primorsky Krai, Russia
| |
Collapse
|