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Wang J, Li W, Dun A, Zhong N, Ye Z. 3D visualization technology for Learning human anatomy among medical students and residents: a meta- and regression analysis. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:461. [PMID: 38671399 PMCID: PMC11055294 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05403-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 3D visualization technology applies computers and other devices to create a realistic virtual world for individuals with various sensory experiences such as 3D vision, touch, and smell to gain a more effective understanding of the relationships between real spatial structures and organizations. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of 3D visualization technology in human anatomy teaching/training and explore the potential factors that affect the training effects to better guide the teaching of classroom/laboratory anatomy. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies on teaching human anatomy using 3D visualization technology. We extensively searched three authoritative databases, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase; the main outcomes were the participants' test scores and satisfaction, while the secondary outcomes were time consumption and enjoyment. Heterogeneity by I² was statistically determined because I²> 50%; therefore, a random-effects model was employed, using data processing software such as RevMan, Stata, and VOSviewer to process data, apply standardized mean difference and 95% confidence interval, and subgroup analysis to evaluate test results, and then conduct research through sensitivity analysis and meta-regression analysis. RESULTS Thirty-nine randomized controlled trials (2,959 participants) were screened and included in this study. The system analysis of the main results showed that compared with other methods, including data from all regions 3D visualization technology moderately improved test scores as well as satisfaction and enjoyment; however, the time that students took to complete the test was not significantly reduced. Meta-regression analysis also showed that regional factorsaffected test scores, whereas other factors had no significant impact. When the literature from China was excluded, the satisfaction and happiness of the 3D virtual-reality group were statistically significant compared to those of the traditional group; however, the test results and time consumption were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION 3D visualization technology is an effective way to improve learners' satisfaction with and enjoyment of human anatomical learning, but it cannot reduce the time required for testers to complete the test. 3D visualization technology may struggle to improve the testers' scores. The literature test results from China are more prone to positive results and affected by regional bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junming Wang
- Department of Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, 250013, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of clinical and basic medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, 250013, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of clinical and basic medicine, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Aishe Dun
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Zhong
- Department of Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, 250013, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhen Ye
- Department of Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, 250013, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Oliveira ADSB, Leonel LCPC, LaHood ER, Nguyen BT, Ehtemami A, Graepel SP, Link MJ, Pinheiro-Neto CD, Lachman N, Morris JM, Peris-Celda M. Projection of realistic three-dimensional photogrammetry models using stereoscopic display: A technical note. ANATOMICAL SCIENCES EDUCATION 2024; 17:39-46. [PMID: 37622671 DOI: 10.1002/ase.2329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The 3D stereoscopic technique consists in providing the illusional perception of depth of a given object using two different images mimicking how the right and left eyes capture the object. Both images are slightly different and when overlapped gives a three-dimensional (3D) experience. Considering the limitations for establishing surgical laboratories and dissections courses in some educational institutions, techniques such as stereoscopy and photogrammetry seem to play an important role in neuroanatomy and neurosurgical education. The aim of this study was to describe how to combine and set up realistic models acquired with photogrammetry scans in 3D stereoscopic projections. Three donors, one dry skull, embalmed brain and head, were scanned using photogrammetry. The software used for displaying the final realistic 3D models (Blender, Amsterdam, the Netherlands) is a free software and allows stereoscopic projection without compromising the interactivity of each model. By default, the model was exported and immediately displayed as a red cyan 3D mode. The 3D projector used in the manuscript required a side-by-side 3D mode which was set up with simple commands on the software. The final stereoscopy projection offered depth perception and a visualization in 360° of each donor; this perception was noted especially when visualizing donors with different cavities and fossae. The combination of 3D techniques is of paramount importance for neuroanatomy education. Stereoscopic projections could provide a valuable tool for neuroanatomy instruction directed at clinical trainees and could be especially useful when access to laboratory-based learning is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- André de Sá Braga Oliveira
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic Rhoton Neurosurgery and Otolaryngology Surgical Anatomy Program, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Luciano César P C Leonel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic Rhoton Neurosurgery and Otolaryngology Surgical Anatomy Program, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Edward R LaHood
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Anahid Ehtemami
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Michael J Link
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic Rhoton Neurosurgery and Otolaryngology Surgical Anatomy Program, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Carlos D Pinheiro-Neto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic Rhoton Neurosurgery and Otolaryngology Surgical Anatomy Program, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Nirusha Lachman
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Maria Peris-Celda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Mayo Clinic Rhoton Neurosurgery and Otolaryngology Surgical Anatomy Program, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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3
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Adnan S, Xiao J. A scoping review on the trends of digital anatomy education. Clin Anat 2023; 36:471-491. [PMID: 36583721 DOI: 10.1002/ca.23995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Digital technologies are changing the landscape of anatomy education. To reveal the trend of digital anatomy education across medical science disciplines, searches were performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE bibliographic databases for research articles published from January 2010 to June 2021 (inclusive). The search was restricted to publications written in English language and to articles describing teaching tools in undergraduate and postgraduate anatomy and pre-vocational clinical anatomy training courses. Among 156 included studies across six health disciplines, 35% used three-dimensional (3D) digital printing tools, 24.2% augmented reality (AR), 22.3% virtual reality (VR), 11.5% web-based programs, and 4.5% tablet-based apps. There was a clear discipline-dependent preference in the choice and employment of digital anatomy education. AR and VR were the more commonly adopted digital tools for medical and surgical anatomy education, while 3D printing is more broadly used for nursing, allied health and dental health education compared to other digital resources. Digital modalities were predominantly adopted for applied interactive anatomy education and primarily in advanced anatomy curricula such as regional anatomy and neuroanatomy. Moreover, there was a steep increase in VR anatomy combining digital simulation for surgical anatomy training. There is a consistent increase in the adoption of digital modalities in anatomy education across all included health disciplines. AR and VR anatomy incorporating digital simulation will play a more prominent role in medical education of the future. Combining multimodal digital resources that supports blended and interactive learning will further modernize anatomy education, moving medical education further away from its didactic history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmeen Adnan
- Department of Health Sciences and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Junhua Xiao
- Department of Health Sciences and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia.,School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
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4
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Newman HJ, Meyer AJ, Wilkinson TJ, Pather N, Carr SE. Technology enhanced neuroanatomy teaching techniques: A focused BEME systematic review of current evidence: BEME Guide No. 75. MEDICAL TEACHER 2022; 44:1069-1080. [PMID: 35225142 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2022.2039382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In response to growing curriculum pressures and reduced time dedicated to teaching anatomy, research has been conducted into developing innovative teaching techniques. This raises important questions for neuroanatomy education regarding which teaching techniques are most beneficial for knowledge acquisition and long-term retention, and how they are best implemented. This focused systematic review aims to provide a review of technology-enhanced teaching methods available to neuroanatomy educators, particularly in knowledge acquisition and long-term retention, compared to traditional didactic techniques, and proposes reasons for why they work in some contexts. METHODS Electronic databases were searched from January 2015 to June 2020 with keywords that included combinations of 'neuroanatomy,' 'technology,' 'teaching,' and 'effectiveness' combined with Boolean phrases 'AND' and 'OR.' The contexts and outcomes for all studies were summarised while coding, and theories for why particular interventions worked were discussed. RESULTS There were 4287 articles identified for screening, with 13 studies included for final analysis. There were four technologies of interest: stereoscopic views of videos, stereoscopic views of images, augmented reality (AR), and virtual reality (VR). No recommendation for a particular teaching method was made in six studies (46%) while recommendations (from weak to moderate) were made in seven studies (54%). There was weak to moderate evidence for the efficacy of stereoscopic images and AR, and no difference in the use of stereoscopic videos or VR compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS To date, technology-enhanced teaching is not inferior to teaching by conventional didactic methods. There are promising results for these methods in complex spatial anatomy and reducing cognitive load. Possible reasons for why interventions worked were described including students' engagement with the object, cognitive load theory, complex spatial relationships, and the technology learning curve. Future research may build on the theorised explanations proposed here and develop and test innovative technologies that build on prior research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish J Newman
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Health Professions Education, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Amanda J Meyer
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Tim J Wilkinson
- Education Unit, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Nalini Pather
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sandra E Carr
- Health Professions Education, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Mendez-Lopez M, Juan MC, Molla R, Fidalgo C. Evaluation of an Augmented Reality Application for Learning Neuroanatomy in Psychology. ANATOMICAL SCIENCES EDUCATION 2022; 15:535-551. [PMID: 33866682 DOI: 10.1002/ase.2089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Neuroanatomy is difficult for psychology students because of spatial visualization and the relationship among brain structures. Some technologies have been implemented to facilitate the learning of anatomy using three-dimensional (3D) visualization of anatomy contents. Augmented reality (AR) is a promising technology in this field. A mobile AR application to provide the visualization of morphological and functional information of the brain was developed. A sample of 67 students of neuropsychology completed tests for visuospatial ability, anatomical knowledge, learning goals, and experience with technologies. Subsequently, they performed a learning activity using one of the visualization methods considered: a 3D method using the AR application and a two-dimensional (2D) method using a textbook to color, followed by questions concerning their satisfaction and knowledge. After using the alternative method, the students expressed their preference. The two methods improved knowledge equally, but the 3D method obtained higher satisfaction scores and was more preferred by students. The 3D method was also more preferred by the students who used this method during the activity. After controlling for the method used in the activity, associations were found between the preference of the 3D method because of its usability and experience with technologies. These results found that the AR application was highly valued by students to learn and was as effective as the textbook for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Mendez-Lopez
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Carmen Juan
- Institute of Industrial Control Systems and Computing, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramon Molla
- Institute of Industrial Control Systems and Computing, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Camino Fidalgo
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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New neuroanatomy learning paradigms for the next generation of trainees: A novel literature-based 3D methodology. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2021; 210:106948. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rubio RR, Bonaventura RD, Kournoutas I, Barakat D, Vigo V, El-Sayed I, Abla AA. Stereoscopy in Surgical Neuroanatomy: Past, Present, and Future. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2021; 18:105-117. [PMID: 31214715 DOI: 10.1093/ons/opz123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the dawn of antiquity, scientists, philosophers, and artists have pondered the nature of optical stereopsis-the perception of depth that arises from binocular vision. The early 19th century saw the advent of stereoscopes, devices that could replicate stereopsis by producing a 3D illusion from the super-imposition of 2D photographs. This phenomenon opened up a plethora of possibilities through its usefulness as an educational tool-particularly in medicine. Before long, photographers, anatomists, and physicians were collaborating to create some of the first stereoscopic atlases available for the teaching of medical students and residents. In fields like neurosurgery-where a comprehensive visuospatial understanding of neuro-anatomical correlates is crucial-research into stereoscopic modalities are of fundamental importance. Already, medical institutions all over the world are capitalizing on new and immersive technologies-such as 3D intraoperative recording, and 3D endoscopes-to refine their pedagogical efforts as well as improve their clinical capacities. The present paper surveys the history of stereoscopy from antiquity to the modern era-with a focus on its role in neurosurgery and medical education. Through the tracking of this evolution, we can discuss potential benefits, future directions, and highlight areas in which further research is needed. By anticipating these factors, we may strive to take full advantage of an emergent field of technology, for our ultimate goal of improving patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rodriguez Rubio
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Skull Base and Cerebrovascular Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Rina Di Bonaventura
- Skull Base and Cerebrovascular Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Ioannis Kournoutas
- Skull Base and Cerebrovascular Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Dania Barakat
- Skull Base and Cerebrovascular Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Vera Vigo
- Skull Base and Cerebrovascular Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Ivan El-Sayed
- Skull Base and Cerebrovascular Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Adib A Abla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Skull Base and Cerebrovascular Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Bogomolova K, Hierck BP, Looijen AEM, Pilon JNM, Putter H, Wainman B, Hovius SER, van der Hage JA. Stereoscopic three-dimensional visualisation technology in anatomy learning: A meta-analysis. MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 55:317-327. [PMID: 32790885 PMCID: PMC7984401 DOI: 10.1111/medu.14352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The features that contribute to the apparent effectiveness of three-dimensional visualisation technology [3DVT] in teaching anatomy are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the role of stereopsis in learning anatomy with 3DVT. METHODS The review was conducted and reported according to PRISMA Standards. Literature search of English articles was performed using EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL EBSCOhost, ERIC EBSCOhost, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases until November 2019. Study selection, data extraction and study appraisal were performed independently by two authors. Articles were assessed for methodological quality using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument and the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing the risk of bias. For quantitative analysis, studies were grouped based on relative between-intervention differences in instructional methods and type of control conditions. RESULTS A total of 3934 citations were obtained of which 67 underwent a full-text review. Ultimately, 13 randomised controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. When interactive, stereoscopic 3D models were compared to interactive, monoscopic 3D models within a single level of instructional design, for example isolating stereopsis as the only true manipulated element in the experimental design, an effect size [ES] of 0.53 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.26-0.80; P < .00001) was found. In comparison with 2D images within multiple levels of instructional design, an effect size of 0.45 (95% CI 0.10-0.81; P < .002) was found. Stereopsis had no effect on learning when utilised with non-interactive 3D images (ES = -0.87, 95% CI -2.09-0.35; P = .16). CONCLUSION Stereopsis is an important distinguishing element of 3DVT that has a significant positive effect on acquisition of anatomical knowledge when utilised within an interactive 3D environment. A distinction between stereoscopic and monoscopic 3DVT is essential to make in anatomical education and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Bogomolova
- Department of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Faculty of MedicineCenter for Innovation of Medical EducationLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Faculty of MedicineInstitute for Medical Education Research RotterdamRotterdam Erasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Beerend P. Hierck
- Faculty of MedicineCenter for Innovation of Medical EducationLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy and EmbryologyFaculty of MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Leiden Teachers’ AcademyLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of Medical Statistics and BioinformaticsFaculty of MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Agnes E. M. Looijen
- Faculty of MedicineInstitute for Medical Education Research RotterdamRotterdam Erasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Johanne N. M. Pilon
- Faculty of MedicineInstitute for Medical Education Research RotterdamRotterdam Erasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Hein Putter
- Department of Medical Statistics and BioinformaticsFaculty of MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Bruce Wainman
- Department of Pathology and Molecular MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
| | - Steven E. R. Hovius
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryFaculty of MedicineRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Jos A. van der Hage
- Department of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Faculty of MedicineCenter for Innovation of Medical EducationLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
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Harake D, Gnanappa GK, Alvarez SGV, Whittle A, Punithakumar K, Boechler P, Noga M, Khoo NS. Stereoscopic Display Is Superior to Conventional Display for Three-Dimensional Echocardiography of Congenital Heart Anatomy. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2020; 33:1297-1305. [PMID: 32919855 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) improves visualization of cardiac lesions. Current viewing of 3DE studies on a conventional display diminishes the encoded stereoscopic (stereo) information for depth perception. This study aims to evaluate clinician subjective and objective experience of stereo display compared with nonstereo display of 3DE in congenital heart disease. METHODS In this prospective study, 22 cardiologists, advanced cardiology trainees, and cardiothoracic surgeons used a commercially available stereo display system with proprietary software to view 10 3DE data sets, alternating between simple and complex lesions. In part A, participants viewed each data set, randomized to 1 minute of stereo display followed by 1 minute of nonstereo display, or vice versa. In part B, participants could freely toggle between stereo and nonstereo display for an additional 90 seconds per data set. Participants answered a series of questions and rated their subjective experience using stereo versus nonstereo display mode on a Likert scale. Objective data on time spent in each display mode during part B and duration of interaction and degree of movement of the 3DE data set in parts A and B were also collected. RESULTS All clinician groups found stereo display preferable to nonstereo display of 3DE (P < .0001). Viewing complex lesions was rated lower than simple lesions when using nonstereo display (P < .01). Simple and complex lesions were equally well rated when using stereo display (P = .14). When given a choice of display modes in part B, participants spent more time in stereo display (P < .0001) and interacted more with the 3DE data sets in stereo display (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS Interactive stereoscopic display of 3DE was preferred over conventional nonstereo display by all clinician groups for viewing both simple and complex lesions. This preference is especially true for viewing complex lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Harake
- Stollery Children's Hospital and University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Silvia G V Alvarez
- Stollery Children's Hospital and University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew Whittle
- Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta and Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kumaradevan Punithakumar
- Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta and Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Patricia Boechler
- Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michelle Noga
- Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, University of Alberta and Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nee Scze Khoo
- Stollery Children's Hospital and University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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10
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Jacquesson T, Simon E, Dauleac C, Margueron L, Robinson P, Mertens P. Stereoscopic three-dimensional visualization: interest for neuroanatomy teaching in medical school. Surg Radiol Anat 2020; 42:719-727. [PMID: 32114650 DOI: 10.1007/s00276-020-02442-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The anatomy of both the brain and the skull is particularly difficult to learn and to teach. Since their anatomical structures are numerous and gathered in a complex tridimensional (3D) architecture, classic schematical drawing or photography in two dimensions (2D) has difficulties in providing a clear, simple, and accurate message. Advances in photography and computer sciences have led to develop stereoscopic 3D visualization, firstly for entertainment then for education. In the present study, we report our experience of stereoscopic 3D lecture for neuroanatomy teaching to early medical school students. METHODS High-resolution specific pictures were taken on various specimen dissections in the Anatomy Laboratory of the University of Lyon, France. Selected stereoscopic 3D views were displayed on a large dedicated screen using a doubled video projector. A 2-h stereoscopic neuroanatomy lecture was given by two neuroanatomists to third-year medicine students who wore passive 3D glasses. Setting up lasted 30 min and involved four people. The feedback from students was collected and analyzed. RESULTS Among the 483 students who have attended the stereoscopic 3D lecture, 195 gave feedback, and all (100%) were satisfied. Among these, 190 (97.5%) reported a better knowledge transfer of brain anatomy and its 3D architecture. Furthermore, 167 (86.1%) students felt it could change their further clinical practice, 179 (91.8%) thought it could enhance their results in forthcoming anatomy examinations, and 150 (76.9%) believed such a 3D lecture might allow them to become better physicians. This 3D anatomy lecture was graded 8.9/10 a mean against 5.9/10 for previous classical 2D lectures. DISCUSSION-CONCLUSION The stereoscopic 3D teaching of neuroanatomy made medical students enthusiastic involving digital technologies. It could improve their anatomical knowledge and test scores, as well as their clinical competences. Depending on university means and the commitment of teachers, this new tool should be extended to other anatomical fields. However, its setting up requires resources from faculties and its impact on clinical competencies needs to be objectively assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Jacquesson
- Department of Anatomy, Faculté de médecine Lyon-Est, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69003, Lyon, France. .,Skull Base Multi-Disciplinary Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Hospital Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 Bd Pinel, 69677, Lyon, France.
| | - Emile Simon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculté de médecine Lyon-Est, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69003, Lyon, France.,Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Neurological Hospital Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 Bd Pinel, 69677, Lyon, France
| | - Corentin Dauleac
- Department of Anatomy, Faculté de médecine Lyon-Est, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69003, Lyon, France
| | - Loïc Margueron
- Department of Anatomy, Faculté de médecine Lyon-Est, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69003, Lyon, France
| | - Philip Robinson
- Department of Clinical Research and Innovation, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Mertens
- Department of Anatomy, Faculté de médecine Lyon-Est, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69003, Lyon, France.,Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Neurological Hospital Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 59 Bd Pinel, 69677, Lyon, France
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11
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Sotgiu MA, Mazzarello V, Bandiera P, Madeddu R, Montella A, Moxham B. Neuroanatomy, the Achille's Heel of Medical Students. A Systematic Analysis of Educational Strategies for the Teaching of Neuroanatomy. ANATOMICAL SCIENCES EDUCATION 2020; 13:107-116. [PMID: 30702219 DOI: 10.1002/ase.1866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Neuroanatomy has been deemed crucial for clinical neurosciences. It has been one of the most challenging parts of the anatomical curriculum and is one of the causes of "neurophobia," whose main implication is a negative influence on the choice of neurology in the near future. In the last decades, several educational strategies have been identified to improve the skills of students and to promote a deep learning. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature to identify the most effective method/s to teach human neuroanatomy. The search was restricted to publications written in English language and to articles describing teaching tools in undergraduate medical courses from January 2006 through December 2017. The primary outcome was the observation of improvement of anatomical knowledge in undergraduate medical students. Secondary outcomes were the amelioration of long-term retention knowledge and the grade of satisfaction of students. Among 18 selected studies, 44.4% have used three-dimensional (3D) teaching tools, 16.6% near peer teaching tool, 5.55% flipped classroom tool, 5.55% applied neuroanatomy elective course, 5.55% equivalence-based instruction-rote learning, 5.55% mobile augmented reality, 5.55% inquiry-based clinical case, 5.55% cadaver dissection, and 5.55% Twitter. The high in-between study heterogeneity was the main issue to identify the most helpful teaching tool to improve neuroanatomical knowledge among medical students. Data from this study suggest that a combination of multiple pedagogical resources seems to be the more advantageous for teaching neuroanatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alessandra Sotgiu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Vittorio Mazzarello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Bandiera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberto Madeddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrea Montella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Bernard Moxham
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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