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Mo L, Zhang F, Chen F, Xia L, Huang Y, Mo Y, Zhang L, Huang D, He S, Deng J, Hao E, Du Z. Progress on structural modification of Tetrandrine with wide range of pharmacological activities. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:978600. [PMID: 36052124 PMCID: PMC9424556 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.978600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrandrine (Tet), derived from the traditional Chinese herb Fangji, is a class of natural alkaloids with the structure of bisbenzylisoquinoline, which has a wide range of physiological activities and significant pharmacfological effects. However, studies and clinical applications have revealed a series of drawbacks such as its poor water solubility, low bioavailability, and the fact that it can be toxic to humans. The results of many researchers have confirmed that chemical structural modifications and nanocarrier delivery can address the limited application of Tet and improve its efficacy. In this paper, we summarize the anti-tumor efficacy and mechanism of action, anti-inflammatory efficacy and mechanism of action, and clinical applications of Tet, and describe the progress of Tet based on chemical structure modification and nanocarrier delivery, aiming to explore more diverse structures to improve the pharmacological activity of Tet and provide ideas to meet clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuying Mo
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Nanning, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Nanning, China
- Guangxi International Zhuang Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Nanning, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Nanning, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Office of the President, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yuemi Mo
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Nanning, China
| | - Lingqiu Zhang
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Nanning, China
| | - Daquan Huang
- Guangxi Dahai Sunshine Pharmaceutical, Nanning, China
| | - Shunli He
- Guangxi Heli Pharmaceutical, Nanning, China
| | - Jiagang Deng
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Jiagang Deng, ; Erwei Hao, ; Zhengcai Du,
| | - Erwei Hao
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Jiagang Deng, ; Erwei Hao, ; Zhengcai Du,
| | - Zhengcai Du
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Study on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Jiagang Deng, ; Erwei Hao, ; Zhengcai Du,
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Wang H, Chen L, Wang S, Tian X, Zhang L, Li H, Li C, Xue Y, Wang Q, Fang L, Yang W, Sun W, Leng Y, Li M, Gao X. Tetrandrine promotes angiogenesis via transcriptional regulation of VEGF-A. Vascul Pharmacol 2021; 141:106920. [PMID: 34592429 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is crucial for tissue damage repair in ischemic cardiovascular diseases. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) acts as a vital mediator in angiogenesis. In this study, tetrandrine (Tet) was found from 23 herbal chemicals to increase VEGF-A mRNA expression in H9c2 cells and the effect was confirmed in freshly isolated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. The effect of Tet on VEGF-A expression and the possible mechanism were investigated. Tet treatment increased de novo VEGF-A mRNA synthesis and did not affect VEGF-A mRNA stability. The circulating chromosome conformation capture (4C) experiments indicated that Tet enhanced VEGF-A transcription by targeting a regulatory element beyond the 2.6 kb region of the translation start site. Tet augmented the angiogenic activities of endothelial cells. It also enhanced blood flow restoration and capillary vessel density following ischemic limb injury associated with an escalation of VEGF-A expression. Moreover, in myocardial infarction (MI) model Tet treatment elevated neovascularization, reduced infarction size, and improved heart function via upregulating VEGF-A levels. Our results suggested that Tet increased VEGF-A transcription through a novel mechanism that likely involves a distant regulatory element and may be useful for therapeutic angiogenesis for ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shaoxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lusha Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Huiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuejin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Qianyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Leyu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuze Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmacology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Efficacy of Alkaloids in Alleviating Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats: A Meta-Analysis of Animal Studies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6661526. [PMID: 33791371 PMCID: PMC7997772 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6661526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Animal models are well established for studying the effects of alkaloids in preventing myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, few studies have investigated the therapeutic effects of alkaloids in humans. This meta-analysis and systematic review assessed the efficacy of alkaloids in attenuating infarct size in rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods An integrated literature search including the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was performed to identify studies that evaluated the therapeutic effects of alkaloids on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. The main outcome was infarct size, and SYRCLE's risk of bias tool was used to assess the quality of the studies. Results 22 studies were brought into the meta-analysis. Compared with the effects of vehicle, alkaloids significantly reduced infarct size (standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.45; 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.64 to - 0.26). In subgroup analyses, isoquinoline alkaloids (SMD = -0.43; 95%CI = -0.70 to - 0.16) significantly reduced infarct size versus the control. Conclusion Isoquinoline alkaloids can potentially alleviate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. This meta-analysis and systematic review supply a reference for research programs aiming to develop alkaloid-based clinical drugs. This trial is registered with CRD42019135489.
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Beik A, Joukar S, Najafipour H. A review on plants and herbal components with antiarrhythmic activities and their interaction with current cardiac drugs. J Tradit Complement Med 2020; 10:275-287. [PMID: 32670823 PMCID: PMC7340875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper aimed to compile information on plants or their compounds which have experimentally shown antiarrhythmic effect and to scrutinize the efficacy and potency of them and their potential interaction with conventional cardiac drugs. Literature searches were accomplished by using numerous electronic databases, and the available knowledge on different parts of herbs and their ingredients with antiarrhythmic effects up to 2019 were identified and collected. The results indicate that 36 herbs or their derivatives can be effective in the treatment of arrhythmias, especially in animal and cellular models. They affect various ionic channels in different action potential phases. The alterations in ionic currents lead to changing in the amplitude and duration of the action potential, effective refractory period, maximum velocity, resting membrane potential, channel trafficking, or intracellular calcium concentration. The agents that prolong action potential duration and effective refractory period such as dauricine and sophocarpine seem to be more beneficial if more comprehensive studies confirm their efficacy and safety. It is noteworthy that the consumption of some herbal agents for cardiovascular (e.g. Hawthorn and Ginseng) or other (e.g. Ginseng and Licorice) therapeutic purposes may boost the pro-arrhythmogenic effect of current cardiovascular drugs such as cardiac glycosides. This study accentuates known plants or their derivatives with anti-arrhythmic effects, potential interaction with other cardiac drugs, and the possible mechanisms involved. It can assist clinicians and scientists in research and therapeutic approaches to the management of cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Beik
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Siyavash Joukar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Najafipour
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Jiang Y, Liu M, Liu H, Liu S. A critical review: traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Stephania tetrandra S. Moore (Fen Fang Ji). PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2020; 19:449-489. [PMID: 32336965 PMCID: PMC7180683 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-020-09673-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Stephania tetrandra S. Moore (S. tetrandra) is distributed widely in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Africa. The root of this plant is known in Chinese as "Fen Fang Ji". It is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat arthralgia caused by rheumatism, wet beriberi, dysuria, eczema and inflamed sores. Although promising reports have been published on the various chemical constituents and activities of S. tetrandra, no review comprehensively summarizes its traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. Therefore, the review aims to provide a critical and comprehensive evaluation of the traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacological properties, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of S. tetrandra in China, and meaningful guidelines for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 China
- Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 China
- Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 China
- Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 China
- Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 China
- Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 China
- Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 China
| | - Shao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 China
- Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 China
- Institute for Rational and Safe Medication Practices, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008 China
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Ueng YF, Lu CK, Yang SH, Wang HJ, Huang CC. Potentiation of the anticoagulation effect of warfarin by the herbal remedy Shu-Jing-Hwo-Shiee-Tang in rats: The dosing regimen and pharmacokinetic interaction. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2016; 32:85-91. [PMID: 28111103 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The herbal remedy Shu-Jing-Hwo-Shiee-Tang (SJHST) has been used in traditional Chinese medical care for the treatment of osteoarthritis. This study aims to examine the influence of SJHST on the oxidation and anticoagulation effect of warfarin in male rats. In three SJHST preparations (S1-S3), hesperidin, gentiopicrin, and paeoniflorin were identified as chemical marker ingredients. The inhibition of liver microsomal warfarin 7-hydroxylation (WOH) activity by 50% methanolic extracts of SJHST was potentiated by β-glucosidase pretreatment, but not by NADPH-fortified microsomal preincubation. Among various ingredients and their β-glucosidase-hydrolyzed products, hesperetin caused the most potent inhibition of WOH. Oral administration of S2 to rats at 2 h after warfarin treatment (WS22-h post), but not co-treatment (WS2co), decreased warfarin clearance and increased the maximal plasma concentration and the area under the curve (AUC0-t, AUC0-∞) of plasma concentration versus time of warfarin administration. S2 and S3 did not change the coagulation parameters. At 24 h after warfarin administration, the WS22-h post and WS32-h post groups had a prothrombin time longer than that of the warfarin group. These results demonstrate that a 2-h post-treatment of rats with SJHST caused pharmacokinetic interaction with warfarin, resulting in prothrombin time prolongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yune-Fang Ueng
- Divisions of Basic Chinese Medicine, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chung-Kuang Lu
- Chinese Medicinal Chemistry, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, School of Life Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sien-Hung Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hong-Jaan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chiung-Chiao Huang
- Divisions of Basic Chinese Medicine, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Qiao ZY, Huang JH, Ma JW, Xu YW, Xie J, Liu HJ, Xiong SJ, Ge GH. Ginkgo biloba extract reducing myocardium cells apoptosis by regulating apoptotic related proteins expression in myocardium tissues. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 41:347-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2868-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Galetin T, Tevoufouet EE, Sandmeyer J, Matthes J, Nguemo F, Hescheler J, Weiergräber M, Schneider T. Pharmacoresistant Cav 2·3 (E-type/R-type) voltage-gated calcium channels influence heart rate dynamics and may contribute to cardiac impulse conduction. Cell Biochem Funct 2012; 31:434-49. [PMID: 23086800 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels regulate cardiac automaticity, rhythmicity and excitation-contraction coupling. Whereas L-type (Cav 1·2, Cav 1·3) and T-type (Cav 3·1, Cav 3·2) channels are widely accepted for their functional relevance in the heart, the role of Cav 2·3 Ca(2+) channels expressing R-type currents remains to be elucidated. We have investigated heart rate dynamics in control and Cav 2·3-deficient mice using implantable electrocardiogram radiotelemetry and pharmacological injection experiments. Autonomic block revealed that the intrinsic heart rate does not differ between both genotypes. Systemic administration of isoproterenol resulted in a significant reduction in interbeat interval in both genotypes. It remained unaffected after administering propranolol in Cav 2·3(-|-) mice. Heart rate from isolated hearts as well as atrioventricular conduction for both genotypes differed significantly. Additionally, we identified and analysed the developmental expression of two splice variants, i.e. Cav 2·3c and Cav 2·3e. Using patch clamp technology, R-type currents could be detected in isolated prenatal cardiomyocytes and be related to R-type Ca(2+) channels. Our results indicate that on the systemic level, the pharmacologically inducible heart rate range and heart rate reserve are impaired in Cav 2·3 (-|-) mice. In addition, experiments on Langendorff perfused hearts elucidate differences in basic properties between both genotypes. Thus, Cav 2·3 does not only contribute to the cardiac autonomous nervous system but also to intrinsic rhythm propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Galetin
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Köln, Köln, Germany
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Kuka J, Vilskersts R, Cirule H, Makrecka M, Pugovics O, Kalvinsh I, Dambrova M, Liepinsh E. The cardioprotective effect of mildronate is diminished after co-treatment with L-carnitine. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2011; 17:215-22. [PMID: 21903968 DOI: 10.1177/1074248411419502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mildronate, an inhibitor of L-carnitine biosynthesis and uptake, is a cardioprotective drug whose mechanism of action is thought to rely on the changes in concentration of L-carnitine in heart tissue. In the present study, we compared the cardioprotective effect of mildronate (100 mg/kg) and a combination of mildronate and L-carnitine (100 + 100 mg/kg) administered for 14 days with respect to the observed changes in l-carnitine level and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-I)-dependent fatty acid metabolism in the heart tissues. Concentrations of L-carnitine and its precursor γ-butyrobetaine (GBB) were measured by ultraperformance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, mitochondrial respiration, activity of CPT-I, and expression of CPT-IA/B messenger RNA (mRNA) were measured. Isolated rat hearts were subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Administration of mildronate induced a 69% decrease in L-carnitine concentration and a 6-fold increase in GBB concentration in the heart tissue as well as a 27% decrease in CPT-I-dependent mitochondrial respiration on palmitoyl-coenzyme A. In addition, mildronate treatment induced a significant reduction in infarct size and also diminished the ischemia-induced respiration stimulation by exogenous cytochrome c. Treatment with a combination had no significant impact on L-carnitine concentration, CPT-I-dependent mitochondrial respiration, and infarct size. Our results demonstrated that the mildronate-induced decrease in L-carnitine concentration, concomitant decrease in fatty acid transport, and maintenance of the intactness of outer mitochondrial membrane in heart mitochondria are the key mechanisms of action for the anti-infarction activity of mildronate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis Kuka
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.
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Yu XC, Wu S, Chen CF, Pang KT, Wong TM. Antihypertensive and anti-arrhythmic effects of an extract of Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae in the rat. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 56:115-22. [PMID: 14980008 DOI: 10.1211/0022357022458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, we determined the effects of an extract of Radix Stephaniae Tetrandrae (RST) on arterial blood pressure and heart weight in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt (DOCA-salt) hypertensive rats. We also determined the effects of the extract on arrhythmia and infarct induced by myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion in anaesthetized rats. We further compared the effects of the extract with those of tetrandrine, which makes up 7% of the extract and is known to act as a calcium-channel antagonist, and verapamil, a prototype calcium-channel antagonist. Treatment with RST extract returned the arterial blood pressure, cardiac compliance and coronary flow towards normal, and reduced right ventricular hypertrophy in the DOCA-salt hypertensive rat. In the anaesthetized rat, the RST extract reduced arrhythmia and infarct size induced by myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion; the effects were similar to those of tetrandrine and verapamil. The findings indicate that the RST extract acts like a calcium-channel antagonist. It may be used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, as are the calcium-channel antagonist and tetrandrine. More interestingly, the effects of the RST extract were of the same potency as tetrandrine. Since only 7% of the extract was tetrandrine, the observation indicates that tetrandrine was not the only component that was responsible for the actions of the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-C Yu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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12
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Kim JH. Protective Roles of Ginseng Saponin in Cardiac Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury. J Ginseng Res 2009. [DOI: 10.5142/jgr.2009.33.4.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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13
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Kim JH. Myocardial Protection of Contractile Function After Global Ischemia by Compound K in the Isolated Heart. J Ginseng Res 2009. [DOI: 10.5142/jgr.2009.33.4.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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14
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Inhibitory effects of tetrandrine on the Na(+) channel of human atrial fibrillation myocardium. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2009; 30:166-74. [PMID: 19151745 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2008.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Tetrandrine (Tet) is a Ca(2+) channel blocker and has antiarrhythmic effects. Less information exists with regard to the mechanisms underlying its antiarrhythmic action other than blocking Ca(2+) channels. In this study, the effects of Tet on the Na(+) current (I(Na)) in the atrial myocardium of patients in atrial fibrillation (AF) and sinus rhythm (SR) were investigated, and the characteristics of the Na(+) current were synchronously compared between the AF and SR patients. METHODS Na(+) currents were recorded using the whole-cell patch clamp technique in single atrial myocyte of the AF and the normal SR groups. The effects of Tet (40-120 micromol/L) on the Na(+) current in the two groups were then observed. RESULTS Tet (60-120 micromol/L) decreased I(Na) density in a concentration-dependent manner and made the voltage-dependent activation curve shift to more positive voltages in the SR and AF groups. After exposure to Tet, the voltage-dependent inactivation curve of I(Na) was shifted to more negative voltages in the two groups. Tet delayed the time-dependent recovery of I(Na) in a concentration dependent manner in both AF and SR cells; however, there were no differences in the effects of Tet on I(Na) density and properties in the two groups. The I(Na) density of AF patients did not differ from that of the SR patients. CONCLUSION Tet can block sodium channels with slow recovery kinetics, which may explain the mechanisms underlying the antiarrhythmic action of Tet. The decreased conduction velocity (CV) in AF patients is not caused by the Na(+) current.
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15
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Kang M, Kim JH, Cho C, Chung HS, Kang CW, Kim Y, Shin M, Hong M, Bae H. Anti-ischemic effect of Aurantii Fructus on contractile dysfunction of ischemic and reperfused rat heart. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 111:584-91. [PMID: 17291701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2006] [Revised: 12/26/2006] [Accepted: 01/09/2007] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Aurantii Fructus (AF) is one of the most well-known traditional herbal medicines frequently used for the treatment of cardiovascular symptoms in Korea. The anti-ischemic effects of AF on ischemia-induced isolated rat heart were investigated through analyses of changes in perfusion pressure, aortic flow, coronary flow, and cardiac output. The subjects in this study were divided into two groups: an ischemia-induced group without any treatment, and an ischemia-induced group with AF treatment. There were no significant differences in perfusion pressure, aortic flow, coronary flow, and cardiac output between them before ischemia was induced. The supply of oxygen and buffer was stopped for 10 min to induce ischemia in isolated rat hearts, and AF was administered during ischemia induction. AF treatment significantly prevented decreases in perfusion pressure, aortic flow, coronary flow, and cardiac output under ischemic conditions (p < 0.01). These results suggest that AF has distinct anti-ischemic effects through recovery of contractile dysfunction in ischemic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonkyu Kang
- Purimed R&D Institute, Kyung-Hee University, #1 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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16
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Cardioprotective Effect of the Mixture of Ginsenoside Rg3and CK on Contractile Dysfunction of Ischemic Heart. J Ginseng Res 2007. [DOI: 10.5142/jgr.2007.31.1.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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17
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Gao J, Fu W, Jin Z, Yu X. Acupuncture pretreatment protects heart from injury in rats with myocardial ischemia and reperfusion via inhibition of the beta(1)-adrenoceptor signaling pathway. Life Sci 2007; 80:1484-9. [PMID: 17303176 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2007.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2006] [Revised: 12/04/2006] [Accepted: 01/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that a cardioprotective effect was produced by pretreatment with acupuncture at bilateral Neiguan acupoints (PC6) and the effect of EA was diminished by propranolol, a nonspecific antagonist of beta-adrenoceptors (beta-ARs) which are the most powerful cardiac receptors, indicating an involvement of beta-ARs. The present study explored further the signaling mechanism underlying the cardioprotective effect of acupuncture pretreatment in rats subjected to myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (MIR). Myocardial ischemia was achieved by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery and reperfusion by releasing the ligation. Adult rats were divided into three groups, namely, a normal control (NC) group, a group subjected to ischemia and reperfusion (IR) only, and a group given electro-acupuncture (EA) before IR. For EA, bilateral Neiguan points (PC6) of the rats were stimulated for 30 min once a day for 3 consecutive days. The ST segment of ECG, the ratio of infarct size over risk zone, and the contents of beta(1)-adrenoceptor (beta(1)-AR), Gsalpha protein and cAMP in ischemic myocardium were compared among the three groups. IR increased the elevation of ECG ST segment, myocardial infarct size, contents of beta(1)-AR, Gsalpha protein and cAMP. These effects were attenuated by EA pretreatment at bilateral Neiguan acupoints. In conclusion, the present results indicate that EA produces cardioprotective effect against IR which may be mediated via the beta(1)-AR-Gs-protein-cAMP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Gao
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Acupuncture, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, PR China
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18
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Kim JH, Kang M, Cho C, Chung HS, Kang CW, Parvez S, Bae H. Effects of Nelumbinis Semen on contractile dysfunction in ischemic and reperfused rat heart. Arch Pharm Res 2006; 29:777-85. [PMID: 17024852 DOI: 10.1007/bf02974079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nelumbinis Semen (NS), or lotus seed, is one of the most well-known traditional herbal medicines and is frequently used to treat cardiovascular symptoms in Korea. The anti-ischemic effects of NS on ischemia-induced isolated rat heart were investigated through analyses of changes in blood pressure, aortic flow, coronary flow, and cardiac output. The subjects in this study were divided into two groups: a control, untreated ischemia-induced group, and an ischemia-induced group treated with NS. There were no significant differences in perfusion pressure, aortic flow, coronary flow and cardiac output between the groups before ischemia was induced. The supply of oxygen and buffer was stopped for ten minutes to induce ischemia in isolated rat hearts, and NS was administered during ischemia induction. NS treatment significantly prevented decreases in perfusion pressure, aortic flow, coronary flow and cardiac output under ischemic conditions (p < 0.01). In addition, the mechanism of the anti-ischemic effects of NS was also examined through quantitation of intracellular calcium content in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. NS significantly prevented intracellular calcium increases induced by isoproterenol (p < 0.01). These results suggest that NS has distinct anti-ischemic effects through calcium antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung-Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea
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19
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Ko HC, Chen KT, Chen CF, Su JP, Chen CM, Wang GJ. Chemical and biological comparisons on Evodia with two related species of different locations and conditions. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 108:257-63. [PMID: 16824714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2005] [Revised: 04/24/2006] [Accepted: 05/12/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Evodia rutaecarpa (ER) and Tetradium glabrifolium (TG) are closely related species collected from different locations, with processed versus unprocessed and fresh versus 1-year-old samples. The purpose of this study is to determine the variability of their bioactive constituents; evodiamine, dehydroevodiamine, rutaecarpine and synephrine--as well as their relaxing effects on an isolated rat aortas and uterus using the extracts of the test specimens. The vasorelaxation was greater in ER from Taiwan than from China in spite of lower levels of the relaxing alkaloids evodiamine, dehydroevodiamine and rutaecarpine. On the other hand, the uterine relaxation of ER from China was better than the one from Taiwan, even though constricting synephrine was only contained in Chinese ER. After processing, the relaxation of ER from China in the uterus was increased while the vasorelaxation remained unchanged. Conversely, TG from Wu-ling contained more relaxing alkaloids than that from Lee Mountain. However, the relaxation in both the uterus and the aorta was less in TG from Wu-ling. After 1 year of storage, the vasorelaxation of TG from Lee Mountain was not changed. Taken together, a significant finding in the present study is the lack of correction between chemical composition and relaxing activities. This strongly supports our assumption that biological function evaluations, instead of chemical standardization, is the more adequate way of showing meaningful consistency of natural preparations.
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MESH Headings
- Alkaloids/chemistry
- Alkaloids/isolation & purification
- Alkaloids/pharmacology
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/physiology
- China
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Evodia/chemistry
- Female
- Fruit/chemistry
- In Vitro Techniques
- Indole Alkaloids/chemistry
- Indole Alkaloids/isolation & purification
- Indole Alkaloids/pharmacology
- Male
- Methanol
- Molecular Structure
- Muscle Relaxation/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth/physiology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Myometrium/drug effects
- Myometrium/physiology
- Plant Extracts/chemistry
- Plant Extracts/isolation & purification
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Quinazolines/chemistry
- Quinazolines/isolation & purification
- Quinazolines/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Species Specificity
- Synephrine/pharmacology
- Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chieh Ko
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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20
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Gao J, Fu W, Jin Z, Yu X. A preliminary study on the cardioprotection of acupuncture pretreatment in rats with ischemia and reperfusion: involvement of cardiac beta-adrenoceptors. J Physiol Sci 2006; 56:275-9. [PMID: 16867214 DOI: 10.2170/physiolsci.rp006606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2006] [Accepted: 07/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the cardioprotective effects of the repetitive pretreatment of acupuncture in rats with myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (MIR). Experimental MIR was produced by ligating and reperfusing the left anterior descending coronary artery in the rats. The elevated ST segments of electrocardiogram (ECG), cardiac arrhythmias, and ratio of infarct size/risk zone were compared among the normal control (NC), ischemia and reperfusion (IR), electro-acupuncture (EA), electro-acupuncture plus propranolol (EAP), and EA at nonacupoint (EAN) groups. Before the experiment, EA was applied at bilateral Neiguan acupoints (PC6) in the forelimbs in EA and EAP groups for 30 min once a day for 3 consecutive days. In the EAN group, the same EA treatment was administered at bilateral nonacupoints in the hind limbs. In the EAP group, propranolol, a nonspecific antagonist of beta-adrenoceptors, was administered intraperitoneally 15 min before each EA pretreatment. The results showed that the elevated ST segment of ECG, cardiac arrhythmia score, and ratio of infarct size/risk zone were significantly attenuated in the EA group when compared with those in the IR group (P < 0.05), indicating a cardioprotection of EA pretreatment. When propranolol was given before each EA pretreatment in the EAP group, the cardioprotective effect of EA pretreatment was abolished, showing an involvement of beta-adrenoceptors in mediating the effect of EA pretreatment. There was no significant cardioprotective effect observed in the EAN group. The results suggest that pretreatment may be a better way to apply acupuncture in the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Gao
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Acupuncture, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
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21
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Kang M, Kim JH, Cho C, Chung HS, Yoon YS, Lee Y, Hong M, Shin M, Bae H. Effect of Acori graminei Rhizoma on contractile dysfunction of ischemic and reperfused rat heart. Biol Pharm Bull 2006; 29:483-8. [PMID: 16508150 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acori graminei Rhizoma is one of the best-known traditional herbal medicines frequently used for the treatment of cardiovascular symptoms in Asian countries. The anti-ischemic effect of Acori graminei Rhizoma on ischemia-induced isolated rat heart was investigated through analysis of changes in perfusion pressure, aortic flow, coronary flow, and cardiac output. The subjects in this study were divided into two groups, an ischemia-induced group without any treatment (I), and an ischemia-induced group with Acori graminei Rhizoma treatment (I+AGR). There were no significant differences in perfusion pressure, aortic flow, coronary flow, or cardiac output between the two groups before ischemia was induced. The supply of oxygen and buffer was stopped for 10 min to induce ischemia in isolated rat hearts, and Acori graminei Rhizoma was administered while inducing ischemia. The data showed that Acori graminei Rhizoma treatment significantly prevented decreases in perfusion pressure, aortic flow, coronary flow, and cardiac output under an ischemic condition. In addition, hemodynamics (except heart rate) of the AGR-treated group was significantly recovered 60 min after reperfusion compared to the control group, (systolic aortic pressure: 85.5% vs. 62.5%, aortic flow volume: 68.1% vs. 49.4%, coronary flow volume: 86.8% vs. 60.1%, and cardiac output: 73.1% vs. 54.1%, p<0.01). These results suggest that Acori graminei Rhizoma has distinct anti-ischemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonkyu Kang
- Purimed R&D Institute, Kyung-Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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22
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Chang PN, Mao JC, Huang SH, Ning L, Wang ZJ, On T, Duan W, Zhu YZ. Analysis of Cardioprotective Effects Using Purified Salvia miltiorrhiza Extract on Isolated Rat Hearts. J Pharmacol Sci 2006; 101:245-9. [PMID: 16837771 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.fpj05034x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the cardioprotective effects of purified Salvia miltiorrhiza extract (PSME) on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in isolated rat hearts. Hearts were excised and perfused at constant flow (7 - 9 ml.min(-1)) via the aorta. Non-recirculating perfusion with Krebs-Henseleit (KH) solution was maintained at 37 degrees C and continuously gassed with 95% O2 and 5% CO2. KH solution with or without PSME (100 mg per liter solution) was used after 30-min zero-flow ischemia for the PSME and control group, respectively. Left ventricular (LV) developed pressure; its derivatives, diastolic pressure, and so on were continuously recorded via a pressure transducer attached to a polyvinylchloride balloon that was placed in the left ventricle through an incision in the left atrium. PSME treated hearts showed significant postischemic contractile function recovery (developed pressure recovered to 44.2 +/- 4.9% versus 17.1 +/- 5.7%, P<0.05; maximum contraction recovered to 57.2 +/- 5.9% versus 15.1 +/- 6.3%, P<0.001; maximum relaxation restored to 69.3 +/- 7.3% versus 15.4 +/- 6.3%, P<0.001 in the PSME and control group, respectively). Significant elevation in end-diastolic pressure, which indicated LV stiffening in PSME hearts might have resulted from the excess high dose of PSME used. Further study will be conducted on the potential therapeutic value with lower dose of PSME on prevention of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piek Ngoh Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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23
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Sekiya N, Hikiami H, Yokoyama K, Kouta K, Sakakibara I, Shimada Y, Terasawa K. Inhibitory Effects of Stephania tetrandra S. MOORE on Free Radical-Induced Lysis of Rat Red Blood Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 28:667-70. [PMID: 15802807 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.28.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Crude preparations of Stephania tetrandra S. MOORE (ST), a traditional herbal medicine, have been used safely for arthritis and silicosis in China. In this study, we demonstrated that ST in vitro protects red blood cells from 2,2-azo-bis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced hemolysis. The inhibitory effect was dose-dependent at concentrations of 10 to 1000 microg/ml. Moreover, tests were carried out to identify the main ingredient of ST that exerts a scavenging effect on free-radicals. Three representative alkaloids, tetrandrine, fangchinoline, and cyclanoline, isolated from ST, were found to have inhibitory activities against AAPH-induced lysis of red blood cells (RBC). Furthermore, the ingestion of 200 mg of ST extract was associated with a significant increase in free-radical scavenging effect of plasma in rats. These results suggest that ST as antioxidant inhibits AAPH-induced hemolysis of RBC both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyasu Sekiya
- Department of Japanese Oriental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan
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24
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Abstract
Nutritional and herbal supplements may have harmful or beneficial effects on arrhythmias. Potential supplements that may have antiarrhythmic activity include omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (N-3 PUFA), coenzyme Q10, and carnitine. Clinical studies show that N-3 PUFA or fish oil supplementation appears to reduce mortality and sudden death. Coenzyme Q10, used in treatment of heart failure, and carnitine and its derivatives may have beneficial effects on arrhythmias, although clinical studies have been limited. Antioxidant supplements may be beneficial, but large studies with vitamin E have been disappointing in that it does not reduce mortality. Correction of electrolyte disturbances has been long advised and magnesium supplementation has been beneficial in the treatment of torsades de pointes and in some studies after cardiac surgery. However, routine electrolyte supplementation with empiric potassium or magnesium in non-deficient patients has not been convincingly beneficial. Several herbal supplements have also been promoted to have antiarrhythmic activity. However, clinical studies are lacking to support routine use of these herbal medications. In addition, some herbal supplements may cause serious proarrhythmia, and many supplements significantly interact with warfarin and digoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina K Chung
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Stanculescu I, Mandravel C, Delattre F, Landy D, Woisel P, Surpateanu G. Cation binding characteristics of tetrandrine studied by UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(03)00268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Jin Q, Kang C, Soh Y, Sohn NW, Lee J, Cho YH, Baik HH, Kang I. Tetrandrine cytotoxicity and its dual effect on oxidative stress-induced apoptosis through modulating cellular redox states in Neuro 2a mouse neuroblastoma cells. Life Sci 2002; 71:2053-66. [PMID: 12175898 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(02)01989-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tetrandrine (TET), a plant alkaloid, is known primarily as a non-selective Ca(2+) channel blocker. On the contrary to the cytoprotective effect on ischemia/reperfusion injury, TET has also been reported to cause cytotoxicity. In this study, we wished to understand the apparently disparate effects of this potential drug and thus investigated molecular mechanisms on proliferation and apoptosis and its effect on oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in Neuro 2a mouse neuroblastoma cells. We showed that TET, at high concentrations, induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through oxidative stress with following observations. Firstly, 10 microM TET elevated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and accordingly depleted glutathione (GSH) content. Secondly, pretreatment with antioxidants (NAC or GSH) protected cells from TET-induced apoptosis. We also demonstrated that treatment with 10 microM TET caused not only induction of p53, p21(waf1), and Bax, but also nuclear translocation of p53 and hypo-phosphorylation of pRb concurrently. Our important finding is that the concentration-dependent dual effect of TET, either inhibiting or promoting cell death induced by H(2)O(2) was observed, probably through regulating redox balance, which was well reflected on the GSH content in each condition. Besides, inhibition of Ca(2+) influx protected cells from H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis even in the presence of 10 microM TET. Taken together, our data suggest that TET regulation of cellular redox states may play a major role in its dual action of cytotoxicity and cytoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanri Jin
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, South Korea
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Shen YC, Chou CJ, Chiou WF, Chen CF. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Partially Purified Extract of RadixStephaniae tetrandrae: Comparative Studies of Its Active Principles Tetrandrine and Fangchinoline on Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Functions. Mol Pharmacol 2001. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.60.5.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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