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Oliver-Cervelló L, López-Gómez P, Martin-Gómez H, Marion M, Ginebra MP, Mas-Moruno C. Functionalization of Alginate Hydrogels with a Multifunctional Peptide Supports Mesenchymal Stem Cell Adhesion and Reduces Bacterial Colonization. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400855. [PMID: 39031737 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels with cell adhesive moieties stand out as promising materials to enhance tissue healing and regeneration. Nonetheless, bacterial infections of the implants represent an unmet major concern. In the present work, we developed an alginate hydrogel modified with a multifunctional peptide containing the RGD cell adhesive motif in combination with an antibacterial peptide derived from the 1-11 region of lactoferrin (LF). The RGD-LF branched peptide was successfully anchored to the alginate backbone by carbodiimide chemistry, as demonstrated by 1H NMR and fluorescence measurements. The functionalized hydrogel presented desirable physicochemical properties (porosity, swelling and rheological behavior) to develop biomaterials for tissue engineering. The viability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the peptide-functionalized hydrogels was excellent, with values higher than 85 % at day 1, and higher than 95 % after 14 days in culture. Moreover, the biological characterization demonstrated the ability of the hydrogels to significantly enhance ALP activity of MSCs as well as to decrease bacterial colonization of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative models. Such results prove the potential of the functionalized hydrogels as novel biomaterials for tissue engineering, simultaneously displaying cell adhesive activity and the capacity to prevent bacterial contamination, a dual bioactivity commonly not found for these types of hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Oliver-Cervelló
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, 08019, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, Barcelona, 08019, Spain
| | - Patricia López-Gómez
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, 08019, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, Barcelona, 08019, Spain
| | - Helena Martin-Gómez
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, 08019, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, Barcelona, 08019, Spain
| | - Mahalia Marion
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, 08019, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, Barcelona, 08019, Spain
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, 08019, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, Barcelona, 08019, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Carlos Mas-Moruno
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, 08019, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPC, Barcelona, 08019, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain
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2
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Csécsi MD, Kondor V, Reizer E, Boros RZ, Tóth P, Farkas L, Fiser B, Mucsi Z, Nagy M, Viskolcz B. Theoretical and Experimental Study on Carbodiimide Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7991. [PMID: 39063233 PMCID: PMC11276972 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbodiimides are important crosslinkers in organic synthesis and are used in the isocyanate industry as modifier additives. Therefore, the understanding of their formation is of high importance. In this work, we present a theoretical B3LYP/6-31G(d) and SMD solvent model and experimental investigation of the formation of diphenylcarbodiimide (CDI) from phenyl isocyanate using a phosphorus-based catalyst (MPPO) in ortho-dichlorobenzene (ODCB) solvent. Kinetic experiments were based on the volumetric quantitation of CO2 evolved, at different temperatures between 40 and 80 °C. Based on DFT calculations, we managed to construct a more detailed reaction mechanism compared to previous studies which is supported by experimental results. DFT calculations revealed that the mechanism is composed of two main parts, and the rate determining step of the first part, controlling the CO2 formation, is the first transition state with a 52.9 kJ mol-1 enthalpy barrier. The experimental activation energy was obtained from the Arrhenius plot (ln k vs. 1/T) using the observed second-order kinetics, and the obtained 55.8 ± 2.1 kJ mol-1 was in excellent agreement with the computational one, validating the complete mechanism, giving a better understanding of carbodiimide production from isocyanates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcell Dániel Csécsi
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, H-3515 Miskolc, Hungary; (M.D.C.); (V.K.); (E.R.); (B.F.); (Z.M.); (M.N.)
- Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, H-3515 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Virág Kondor
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, H-3515 Miskolc, Hungary; (M.D.C.); (V.K.); (E.R.); (B.F.); (Z.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Edina Reizer
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, H-3515 Miskolc, Hungary; (M.D.C.); (V.K.); (E.R.); (B.F.); (Z.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Renáta Zsanett Boros
- BorsodChem Ltd., Bolyai tér 1, H-3700 Kazincbarcika, Hungary; (R.Z.B.); (P.T.); (L.F.)
| | - Péter Tóth
- BorsodChem Ltd., Bolyai tér 1, H-3700 Kazincbarcika, Hungary; (R.Z.B.); (P.T.); (L.F.)
| | - László Farkas
- BorsodChem Ltd., Bolyai tér 1, H-3700 Kazincbarcika, Hungary; (R.Z.B.); (P.T.); (L.F.)
| | - Béla Fiser
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, H-3515 Miskolc, Hungary; (M.D.C.); (V.K.); (E.R.); (B.F.); (Z.M.); (M.N.)
- Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, H-3515 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Mucsi
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, H-3515 Miskolc, Hungary; (M.D.C.); (V.K.); (E.R.); (B.F.); (Z.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Miklós Nagy
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, H-3515 Miskolc, Hungary; (M.D.C.); (V.K.); (E.R.); (B.F.); (Z.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Béla Viskolcz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, H-3515 Miskolc, Hungary; (M.D.C.); (V.K.); (E.R.); (B.F.); (Z.M.); (M.N.)
- Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, H-3515 Miskolc, Hungary
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3
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Production of Atosiban's Key Intermediate Pentapeptide: Synthetic Approaches to the Development of a Peptide Synthesis with Less Racemization and Simplifier Purification Process. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061920. [PMID: 35335281 PMCID: PMC8951825 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The key intermediate NH2-Ile-Thr(Bzl)-Asn-Cys(Bzl)-Pro-COOH of Atosiban was prepared from N-Boc-S-Bzl-cysteine by the stepwise lengthening of the chain according to the repetitive N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide/N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (BSA/NHS) strategy. This synthetic route required no chromatography purification and can be readily performed, yielding a highly pure pentapeptide compound.
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4
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Wang YJ, Zhang GY, Shoberu A, Zou JP. Iron-catalyzed oxidative amidation of acylhydrazines with amines. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Selective Synthesis of N-Acylnortropane Derivatives in Palladium-Catalysed Aminocarbonylation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061813. [PMID: 33807018 PMCID: PMC8004868 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aminocarbonylation of various alkenyl and (hetero)aryl iodides was carried out using tropane-based amines of biological importance, such as 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one (nortropinone) and 3α-hydroxy-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane (nortropine) as N-nucleophile. Using iodoalkenes, the two nucleophiles were selectively converted to the corresponding amide in the presence of Pd(OAc)2/2 PPh3 catalysts. In the presence of several iodo(hetero)arenes, the application of the bidentate Xantphos was necessary to produce the target compounds selectively. The new carboxamides of varied structure, formed in palladium-catalyzed aminocarbonylation reactions, were isolated and fully characterized. In this way, a novel synthetic method has been developed for the producing of N-acylnortropane derivatives of biological importance.
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6
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Ghosh AK, Shahabi D. Synthesis of amide derivatives for electron deficient amines and functionalized carboxylic acids using EDC and DMAP and a catalytic amount of HOBt as the coupling reagents. Tetrahedron Lett 2021; 63:152719. [PMID: 33456089 PMCID: PMC7808253 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A convenient protocol for amide bond formation for electron deficient amines and carboxylic acids is described. Amide coupling of aniline derivatives has been investigated with a number of reagents under a variety of reaction conditions. The use of 1 equivalent of EDC and 1 equivalent of DMAP, catalytic amount of HOBt and DIPEA provided the best results. This method is amenable to the synthesis of a range of functionalized amide derivatives with electron deficient and unreactive amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K. Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Dana Shahabi
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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7
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Prabhakar Reddy D, Yu B. Total Synthesis of Macrocyclic Dysoxylactam A. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:2467-2469. [PMID: 32667142 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The total synthesis of dysoxylactam A, a novel 17-membered macrolactam with potent multi-drug-resistant reversing activities, has been achieved, starting from 4-pentene-1-al in a longest linear sequence of 17 steps and 9.5% overall yield. The key transformations consist of iterative aldol and ring-closing metathesis reactions for the construction of the stereochemically enriched polypropionate scaffold and the macrocycle, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Prabhakar Reddy
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai Lun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
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8
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Zarzyka I, Pacześniak T, Frącz W. Rigid polyurethane foams modified with borate and oxamide groups – Preparation and properties. J CELL PLAST 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x20943093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this work the results of the research on modification of rigid polyurethane foams properties by new polyols with borate and oxamide groups have been presented. Propylene glycols — the products of hydroxyalkylation of N,N′-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)oxamide bis(dihydrogenborate) by excess of propylene carbonate (PC) was used as a polyol component. The new polyols have been foamed using polymeric 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, water and triethylamine. The modification of the foam structure by oxamide and borate groups guarantees their low water uptake, very good heat-insulating properties, good dimension stability and decreases their flammability, and does not worsen their mechanical properties and thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Zarzyka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, Poland
| | - Tomasz Pacześniak
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Poland
| | - Wiesław Frącz
- Department of Integrated Design Systems and Tribology, Faculty of Mechanics and Technology, Rzeszow University of Technology, Poland
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9
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Wang Y, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Carbodiimide-based synthesis of N-heterocycles: moving from two classical reactive sites to chemical bond breaking/forming reaction. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:5810-5849. [PMID: 32658233 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00478e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Carbodiimides are a unique class of heterocumulene compounds that display distinctive chemical properties. The rich chemistry of carbodiimides has drawn increasing attention from chemists in recent years and has made them exceedingly useful compounds in modern organic chemistry, especially in the synthesis of N-heterocycles. This review has outlined the extensive application of carbodiimides in the synthesis of N-heterocycles from the 1980s to today. A wide range of reactions for the synthesis of various types of N-heterocyclic systems (three-, four-, five-, six-, seven-, larger-membered and fused heterocycles) have been developed on the basis of carbodiimides and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China. and Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (QNLM), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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10
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Irving C, Floreancig JT, Laulhé S. Amide Synthesis through the In Situ Generation of Chloro- and Imido-Phosphonium Salts. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:15734-15745. [PMID: 32637849 PMCID: PMC7331200 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe a methodology for the amidation of carboxylic acids by generating phosphonium salts in situ from N-chlorophthalimide and triphenylphosphine. Aliphatic, benzylic, and aromatic carboxylic acids can be transformed into their amide counter parts using primary and secondary amines. This functional group interconversion is achieved at room temperature in good to excellent yields. Mechanistic work shows the in situ formation of chloro- and imido-phosphonium salts that react as activating agents for carboxylic acids and generate an acyloxy-phosphonium species.
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11
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Kariyawasam LS, Kron JC, Jiang R, Sommer AJ, Hartley CS. Structure-Property Effects in the Generation of Transient Aqueous Benzoic Acid Anhydrides by Carbodiimide Fuels. J Org Chem 2019; 85:682-690. [PMID: 31834799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The design of dissipative systems, which operate out-of-equilibrium by consuming chemical fuels, is challenging. As yet, there are a few examples of privileged fuel chemistries that can be broadly applied in abiotic systems in the same way that ATP hydrolysis is exploited throughout biochemistry. The key issue is that designing nonequilibrium systems is inherently about balancing the relative rates of coupled reactions. The use of carbodiimides as fuels to generate transient aqueous carboxylic anhydrides has recently been used in examples of new nonequilibrium materials and supramolecular assemblies. Here, we explore the kinetics of formation and decomposition of a series of benzoic anhydrides generated from the corresponding acids and EDC under typical conditions (EDC = N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride). The reactions can be described by a simple mechanism that merges known behavior for the two processes independently. Structure-property effects in these systems are dominated by differences in the anhydride decomposition rate. The kinetic parameters allow trends in concentration-dependent properties to be simulated, such as reaction lifetimes, peak anhydride concentrations, and yields. For key properties, there are diminishing returns with the addition of increasing amounts of fuel. These results should provide useful guidelines for the design of functional systems making use of this chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasith S Kariyawasam
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Miami University , Oxford , Ohio 45056 , United States
| | - Julie C Kron
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Miami University , Oxford , Ohio 45056 , United States
| | - Run Jiang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Miami University , Oxford , Ohio 45056 , United States
| | - André J Sommer
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Miami University , Oxford , Ohio 45056 , United States
| | - C Scott Hartley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Miami University , Oxford , Ohio 45056 , United States
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12
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Mojtahedi MM, Saidi MR, Bolourtchian M. A Novel Method for the Synthesis of Disubstituted Ureas and Thioureas under Microwave Irradiaton. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/174751989902301213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Several symmetrically disubstituted ureas and thioureas are synthesized by heating of urea or thiourea with aromatic amines or phenylhydrazine under environmentally benign conditions without any solvent in a conventional microwave oven.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad R. Saidi
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Teheran, I.R. of Iran
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13
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Taniguchi T, Suzuki T, Satoh H, Shichibu Y, Konishi K, Monde K. Preparation of Carbodiimides with One-Handed Axial Chirality. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:15577-15581. [PMID: 30398863 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The axial chirality of carbodiimide was proposed in 1932, but the synthesis of carbodiimide with one-handed axial chirality has not been achieved because of the low barrier of racemization. This work presents a strategy to use a conformationally restrained cyclic structure for creating carbodiimides whose biases of the axial chirality (labeled as SNCN/ RNCN) are higher than 100:1, as determined by vibrational circular dichroism spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yukatsu Shichibu
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science , Hokkaido University , Kita 10 Nishi 5 , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Katsuaki Konishi
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science , Hokkaido University , Kita 10 Nishi 5 , Sapporo 060-0810 , Japan
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GUNKARA OT, OCAL N. Synthesis of New N-Phthalimide Substituted Tricyclic Imide Containing Isoxazoline and Bispiro Functional Group as Possible Anti-cancer Agents. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.338218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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15
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Badland M, Crook R, Delayre B, Fussell SJ, Gladwell I, Hawksworth M, Howard RM, Walton R, Weisenburger GA. A comparative study of amide-bond forming reagents in aqueous media – Substrate scope and reagent compatibility. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Lee H, Feakins SJ, Lu Z, Schimmelmann A, Sessions AL, Tierney JE, Williams TJ. Comparison of three methods for the methylation of aliphatic and aromatic compounds. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:1633-1640. [PMID: 28763166 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Methylation protocols commonly call for acidic, hot conditions that are known to promote organic 1 H/2 H exchange in aromatic and aliphatic C-H bonds. Here we tested two such commonly used methods and compared a third that avoids these acidic conditions, to quantify isotope effects with each method and to directly determine acidic-exchange rates relevant to experimental conditions. METHODS We compared acidic and non-acidic methylation approaches catalyzed by hydrochloric acid, acetyl chloride and EDCI (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide)/DMAP (4-dimethylaminopyridine), respectively. These were applied to two analytes: phthalic acid (an aromatic) and octacosanoic acid (an aliphatic). We analyzed yield by gas chromatography/flame ionization (GC/FID) and hydrogen and carbon isotopic compositions by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/IRMS). We quantified the 1 H/2 H exchange rate on dimethyl phthalate under acidic conditions with proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H-NMR) measurements. RESULTS The δ2 H and δ13 C values and yield were equivalent among the three methods for methyl octacosanoate. The two acidic methods resulted in comparable yield and isotopic composition of dimethyl phthalate; however, the non-acidic method resulted in lower δ2 H and δ13 C values perhaps due to low yields. Concerns over acid-catalyzed 1 H/2 H exchange are unwarranted as the effect was trivial over a 12-h reaction time. CONCLUSIONS We find product isolation yield and evaporation to be the main concerns in the accurate determination of isotopic composition. 1 H/2 H exchange reactions are too slow to cause measurable isotope fractionation over the typical duration and reaction conditions used in methylation. Thus, we are able to recommend continued use of acidic catalysts in such methylation reactions for both aliphatic and aromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejung Lee
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Sarah J Feakins
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Zhiyao Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Arndt Schimmelmann
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405-1405, USA
| | - Alex L Sessions
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Jessica E Tierney
- Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Travis J Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
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17
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Pearce AK, Travanut A, Couturaud B, Taresco V, Howdle SM, Alexander MR, Alexander C. Versatile Routes to Functional RAFT Chain Transfer Agents through the Passerini Multicomponent Reaction. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:781-785. [PMID: 35650862 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The widespread adoption of RAFT polymerization stems partly from the ease and utility of installing a functional chain transfer agent onto the ends of the generated polymer chains. In parallel, the Passerini multicomponent reaction offers great versatility in converting a wide range of easily accessible building blocks to functional materials. In this work, we have combined the two approaches such that a single, commonly available, RAFT agent is used in Passerini reactions to generate a variety of multifunctional RAFT chain transfer agents containing ester linkages. Reactions to generate the multifunctional RAFT agents took place under mild conditions and in good yields. The resulting Passerini-RAFT agents were able to exert control over radical polymerization to generate materials of well-defined molecular weights and dispersity. Furthermore, the presence in these polymer cores of ester and amide functionality through the Passerini chemistries, provided regions in the materials which are inherently biodegradable, facilitating any subsequent biomedical applications. The work overall thus demonstrates a versatile and facile synthetic route to multi functional RAFT chain transfer agents and biodegradable polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K. Pearce
- Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation Division, School of Pharmacy, ‡EPSRC Programme Grant
in Next Generation Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy, §School of Chemistry, and ∥Advanced Healthcare and Materials
Division, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park, NG72RD, Nottingham United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Travanut
- Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation Division, School of Pharmacy, ‡EPSRC Programme Grant
in Next Generation Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy, §School of Chemistry, and ∥Advanced Healthcare and Materials
Division, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park, NG72RD, Nottingham United Kingdom
| | - Benoit Couturaud
- Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation Division, School of Pharmacy, ‡EPSRC Programme Grant
in Next Generation Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy, §School of Chemistry, and ∥Advanced Healthcare and Materials
Division, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park, NG72RD, Nottingham United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Taresco
- Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation Division, School of Pharmacy, ‡EPSRC Programme Grant
in Next Generation Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy, §School of Chemistry, and ∥Advanced Healthcare and Materials
Division, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park, NG72RD, Nottingham United Kingdom
| | - Steven M. Howdle
- Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation Division, School of Pharmacy, ‡EPSRC Programme Grant
in Next Generation Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy, §School of Chemistry, and ∥Advanced Healthcare and Materials
Division, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park, NG72RD, Nottingham United Kingdom
| | - Morgan R. Alexander
- Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation Division, School of Pharmacy, ‡EPSRC Programme Grant
in Next Generation Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy, §School of Chemistry, and ∥Advanced Healthcare and Materials
Division, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park, NG72RD, Nottingham United Kingdom
| | - Cameron Alexander
- Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation Division, School of Pharmacy, ‡EPSRC Programme Grant
in Next Generation Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy, §School of Chemistry, and ∥Advanced Healthcare and Materials
Division, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, University Park, NG72RD, Nottingham United Kingdom
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18
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Ramirez-Balderrama K, Orrantia-Borunda E, Flores-Holguin N. Calculation of global and local reactivity descriptors of carbodiimides, a DFT study. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633617500195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Carbodiimides have been widely used for different purposes, such as an intermediary to form peptides bonds and esters, which have generated industrial, organic and biological applications. Diisoproylcarbodiimide (DIC), (3-(dimethylamino) propyl)ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) and N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) are the most common carbodiimides, however, there exist other carbodiimides that are not normally used. Twelve carbodiimides including the above mentioned were chosen to study their chemical reactivity as well as their nucleophilic and electrophilic attack sites. Geometry optimization in gas and solution phases was obtained using Density Functional Theory (DFT) through B3LYP with 6-31G(d) and 6-311[Formula: see text]G(d,p) level. Global and local reactivity descriptors were calculated and analyzed such as chemical hardness, ionization potential, electron affinity, Fukui functions, dual descriptor and hypersoftness. The results obtained for geometrical parameters do not have significant differences for gas and solution phase. The introduction of diffuse functions has great impact in electron affinity, modifying notably the values of reactivity descriptors, but didn’t show qualitative differences, since the results found for both basis set calculations show that Cyanamide or CD1 is the most stable and CD11 present greater reactivity of all studied molecules. Also, the hypersoftness results obtained with 6-31G(d) are in agreement with the general affirmation that carbodiimides are easily attacked by nucleophiles and electrophiles in the central carbon–nitrogen double bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Ramirez-Balderrama
- NANOCOSMOS Virtual Lab, Department of Environment and Energy, Advanced Materials Research Center, Miguel de Cervantes 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua. Chihuahua, Chih. 31109, México
| | - Erasmo Orrantia-Borunda
- NANOCOSMOS Virtual Lab, Department of Environment and Energy, Advanced Materials Research Center, Miguel de Cervantes 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua. Chihuahua, Chih. 31109, México
| | - Norma Flores-Holguin
- NANOCOSMOS Virtual Lab, Department of Environment and Energy, Advanced Materials Research Center, Miguel de Cervantes 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua. Chihuahua, Chih. 31109, México
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19
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On-line Ammonia Sensor and Invisible Security Ink by Fluorescent Zwitterionic Spirocyclic Meisenheimer Complex. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40465. [PMID: 28091542 PMCID: PMC5238453 DOI: 10.1038/srep40465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammonia is not only a highly important gas for civilization but also contribute significantly for climate change and human health hazard. Highly sensitive ammonia sensor has been developed from a fluorescent zwitterionic spirocyclic Meisenheimer complex. Moreover, formation of this Meisenheimer complex can also be utilized for selective as well as naked eye instant detection of nitro aromatic explosive picric acid. The presence of a quaternary nitrogen atom directly attached to the spiro carbon is the unique feature of this Meisenheimer complex. This excellent photoluminescent (PL) Meisenheimer complex has two distinct stimuli responsive sites. One is sensitive towards acid while the other one is towards the base. These two positions can be modulated by adding one equivalent acid and one equivalent base to result two new products which are non fluorescent. One of these two non fluorescent species was found very exciting because of its UV/Vis transparency. Utilizing this concept we have fabricated an on-line sensor for measuring ammonia in dry or humid and condensing sewer air. The sensor was robust against ambient temperature and humidity variation. We have also developed an invisible ink from this Meisenheimer complex, with potential application for security purpose.
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20
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Jena BK, Reddy GS, Mohapatra DK. First asymmetric total synthesis of aspergillide D. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:1863-1871. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02435a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first asymmetric total synthesis of aspergillide D was achieved in a longest linear sequence of 18 steps following Sharpless resolution, Yamaguchi esterification, RCM reaction and Shiina macrolactonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bighnanshu K. Jena
- Natural Products Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500 007
- India
| | - G. Sudhakar Reddy
- Natural Products Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500 007
- India
| | - Debendra K. Mohapatra
- Natural Products Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500 007
- India
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21
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Lohani CR, Soley J, Kralt B, Palmer M, Taylor SD. α-Azido Esters in Depsipeptide Synthesis: C–O Bond Cleavage during Azido Group Reduction. J Org Chem 2016; 81:11831-11840. [PMID: 27934468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuda Raj Lohani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L
3G1, Canada
| | - Jacob Soley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L
3G1, Canada
| | - Braden Kralt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L
3G1, Canada
| | - Michael Palmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L
3G1, Canada
| | - Scott D. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L
3G1, Canada
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22
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MacLennan MS, Tie C, Kovalchik K, Peru KM, Zhang X, Headley JV, Chen DDY. Potential of capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry for the characterization and monitoring of amine-derivatized naphthenic acids from oil sands process-affected water. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 49:203-212. [PMID: 28007176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS) was used for the analysis of naphthenic acid fraction compounds (NAFCs) of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW). A standard mixture of amine-derivatized naphthenic acids is injected directly onto the CE column and analyzed by CE-MS in less than 15min. Time of flight MS analysis (TOFMS), optimized for high molecular weight ions, showed NAFCs between 250 and 800m/z. With a quadrupole mass analyzer, only low-molecular weight NAFCs (between 100 and 450m/z) are visible under our experimental conditions. Derivatization of NAFCs consisted of two-step amidation reactions mediated by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), or mediated by a mixture of EDC and N-hydroxysuccinimide, in dimethyl sulfoxide, dichloromethane or ethyl acetate. The optimum background electrolyte composition was determined to be 30% (V/V) methanol in water and 2% (V/V) formic acid. NAFCs extracted from OSPW in the Athabasca oil sands region were used to demonstrate the feasibility of CE-MS for the analysis of NAFCs in environmental samples, showing that the labeled naphthenic acids are in the mass range of 350 to 1500m/z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S MacLennan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
| | - Cai Tie
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Kevin Kovalchik
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Kerry M Peru
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada
| | - Xinxiang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - John V Headley
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada; Water Science and Technology Directorate, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada
| | - David D Y Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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23
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Mladenova R, Petrova T, Manolova N, Ignatova M, Rashkov I, Kubisa P. Preparation, Characterization, and Biological Activity of Amides and Esters from 8-Hydroxyquinoline-2-Carboxylic Acid and Jeffamines ED® Or Poly(Ethylene Glycol)S. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2016. [DOI: 10.1106/ad9e-dqyk-579v-ht7a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
New macromolecular chelators were synthesized under mild conditions by reaction of 8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid (8Q2COOH) with polyethers having amino end-groups (Jeffamines ED®) or poly(ethylene glycol)s in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and dimethylamino-pyridine. The prepared amides (8Q2CONH-POE) and esters (8Q2COO-POE) were characterized by SEC, DSC, IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. It was found that the polyethers had 8-hydroxy-2-quinolinyl end groups and formed complexes with Fe3+ ions. The obtained complexes were studied with IR spectroscopy and DSC. The plant tests showed that the Fe3+ complex of 8Q2CONH-POE2000 had high efficacy in the remedy of iron-deficient maize plants under hydroponic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ts. Petrova
- Laboratory of Bioactive Polymers, Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - N. Manolova
- Laboratory of Bioactive Polymers, Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - I. Rashkov
- Laboratory of Bioactive Polymers, Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - P. Kubisa
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
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24
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Yuan J, Yang L, Xiao Y, Qu L. Novel synthesis of steryl esteryl esters from β-sitosterol and N-phosphoryl amino acid under microwave irradiation. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2016.1206102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Yuan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, P. R. China; Academician Workstation for Natural Medical Chemistry of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Liangru Yang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, P. R. China; Academician Workstation for Natural Medical Chemistry of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yongmei Xiao
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, P. R. China; Academician Workstation for Natural Medical Chemistry of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lingbo Qu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, P. R. China; Academician Workstation for Natural Medical Chemistry of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
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25
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Krause T, Baader S, Erb B, Gooßen LJ. Atom-economic catalytic amide synthesis from amines and carboxylic acids activated in situ with acetylenes. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11732. [PMID: 27282773 PMCID: PMC4906407 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amide bond-forming reactions are of tremendous significance in synthetic chemistry. Methodological research has, in the past, focused on efficiency and selectivity, and these have reached impressive levels. However, the unacceptable amounts of waste produced have led the ACS GCI Roundtable to label 'amide bond formation avoiding poor atom economy' as the most pressing target for sustainable synthetic method development. In response to this acute demand, we herein disclose an efficient one-pot amide coupling protocol that is based on simple alkynes as coupling reagents: in the presence of a dichloro[(2,6,10-dodecatriene)-1,12-diyl]ruthenium catalyst, carboxylate salts of primary or secondary amines react with acetylene or ethoxyacetylene to vinyl ester intermediates, which undergo aminolysis to give the corresponding amides along only with volatile acetaldehyde or ethyl acetate, respectively. The new amide synthesis is broadly applicable to the synthesis of structurally diverse amides, including dipeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Krause
- FB Chemie-Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin Schrödinger Strasse Geb. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Sabrina Baader
- FB Chemie-Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin Schrödinger Strasse Geb. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Benjamin Erb
- FB Chemie-Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin Schrödinger Strasse Geb. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Lukas J Gooßen
- FB Chemie-Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin Schrödinger Strasse Geb. 54, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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26
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Huang Y, Feng WH. N,O-Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide/N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (BSA/NHS) as coupling agents for dipeptide synthesis. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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27
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Dunetz JR, Magano J, Weisenburger GA. Large-Scale Applications of Amide Coupling Reagents for the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/op500305s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R. Dunetz
- Process
Chemistry, Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Javier Magano
- Chemical Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gerald A. Weisenburger
- Chemical Research & Development, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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28
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Xu L, Wei J, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Insertion/Rearrangement Reactivity of a Lutetacyclopentadiene towards N,N'-Diphenylcarbodiimide: Cooperative Effect of the Metal Center, Concentration of LiCl, and Solvent. Chemistry 2015; 21:15860-6. [PMID: 26359652 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of lutetacyclopentadiene towards N,N'-diphenylcarbodiimide (DPC) was systematically investigated to efficiently construct three types of new N-containing fused cyclic complexes. The outcome of these reactions significantly depended on the the metal center, the concentration of LiCl, the number of equivalents of DPC, and the solvent. Thus, two unexpected reaction modes of amidinate were discovered for the first time, which were ascribed to an unusual κ(1) coordination mode of amidinate driven by a rigid seven-membered ring. These results are in striking contrast with the previously well-investigated zirconacyclopentadiene, which reacts with DPC to give azazirconacyclopentene and alkyne through β,β' CC bond cleavage. The difference in reactivity between lutetacyclopentadiene and zirconacyclopentadiene can be attributed to the highly ionic character of the LuC(sp(2) ) bonds. DFT calculations agreed well with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 10-62751708
| | - Junnian Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 10-62751708
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 10-62751708. .,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071 (P.R. China).
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (P.R. China), Fax: (+86) 10-62751708
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29
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30
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Christmann M, Hu J, Kitamura M, Stoltz B. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(15)00744-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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31
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Xu L, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Mechanistic Considerations of the Catalytic Guanylation Reaction of Amines with Carbodiimides for Guanidine Synthesis. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, and Key Laboratory of
Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, and Key Laboratory of
Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
- State
Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, and Key Laboratory of
Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
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32
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First total synthesis of a guanidine alkaloid Nitensidine D using immobilized ionic liquid, microwaves and formamidinesulfinic acid. J CHEM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-014-0723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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33
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Zhang WX, Xu L, Xi Z. Recent development of synthetic preparation methods for guanidines via transition metal catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:254-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05291a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of guanidine synthesis via transition-metal-catalyzed reactions including cycloaddition, guanylation and tandem guanylation/cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Ling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
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34
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Shyamroy S, Garnaik B, Sivaram S. High molecular weight poly(l-lactic acid)s by polyesterification using diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIPC) and 4-(dimethylamino) pyridinium-p-toluene sulfonate (DPTS). Polym Bull (Berl) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-014-1285-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Wang Y, Zhao F, Chi Y, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Substituent-Controlled Selective Synthesis of N-Acyl 2-Aminothiazoles by Intramolecular Zwitterion-Mediated C–N Bond Cleavage. J Org Chem 2014; 79:11146-54. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502123k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yue Chi
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory
of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education,
College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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36
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Damrauer R, Lin H, Damrauer NH. Computational Studies of Carbodiimide Rings. J Org Chem 2014; 79:3781-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4026435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Damrauer
- Chemistry
Department, University of Colorado−Denver Campus Box 137, P.O. Box 173364, Denver, Colorado 80217-3364, United States
| | - Hai Lin
- Chemistry
Department, University of Colorado−Denver Campus Box 137, P.O. Box 173364, Denver, Colorado 80217-3364, United States
| | - Niels H. Damrauer
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado−Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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37
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Chen HM, Li G, Cao LH. An Expedient Synthesis of NovelN,N′-Diglycosylguanidine Derivatives in the Presence of Hg(II). J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200800071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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38
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Stoltz B, Motherwell W. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(13)01252-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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39
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Wang Y, Zhao F, Zhou Y, Chi Y, Wang Z, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Mechanistic Study on the Cleavage and Reorganization of C(sp3)H and CN Bonds in Carbodiimides: Synthesis of 1,2-Dihydrothiopyrimidines and 2,3-Dihydropyrimidinthiones through Four-Component Coupling. Chemistry 2013; 19:10643-54. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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40
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Jena BK, Mohapatra DK. Synthesis of the C1–C15 fragment of palmerolide A via protecting group dependent RCM reaction. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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41
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Grün A, Milen M, Földesi T, Ábrányi-Balogh P, Drahos L, Keglevich G. Microwave-Assisted Amidation of Arylacetic Acids by Reaction with 2-Aryl-ethylamines. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2011.642925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alajos Grün
- a Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology , Budapest University of Technology and Economics , Budapest , Hungary
- b Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences at the Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology , Budapest University of Technology and Economics , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Mátyás Milen
- c EGIS Pharmaceuticals , Division for Chemical Research , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Tamás Földesi
- a Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology , Budapest University of Technology and Economics , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Péter Ábrányi-Balogh
- a Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology , Budapest University of Technology and Economics , Budapest , Hungary
| | - László Drahos
- d Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Chemical Research Center , Budapest , Hungary
| | - György Keglevich
- a Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology , Budapest University of Technology and Economics , Budapest , Hungary
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Quinton J, Kolodych S, Chaumonet M, Bevilacqua V, Nevers MC, Volland H, Gabillet S, Thuéry P, Créminon C, Taran F. Reaction discovery by using a sandwich immunoassay. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:6144-8. [PMID: 22566166 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201201451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Quinton
- CEA, iBiTecS, Service de Chimie Bioorganique et de Marquage, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
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Kloos D, Derks R, Wijtmans M, Lingeman H, Mayboroda O, Deelder A, Niessen W, Giera M. Derivatization of the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and analysis by online solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry with positive-ion electrospray ionization. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1232:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.07.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Sayyad AS, Balakrishnan K, Ajayan PM. Chemical reaction mediated self-assembly of PTCDA into nanofibers. NANOSCALE 2011; 3:3605-3608. [PMID: 21814688 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10579e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Uniform and crystalline nanofibers of perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA), an insoluble organic semiconducting molecule, have been achieved by self-assembling the molecules using chemical reaction mediated conversion of an appropriately designed soluble precursor, perylene tetracarboxylic acid (PTCA) using carbodiimide chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman El-Faham
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain.
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Luong TT, Ha TP, Tran LD, Do MH, Mai TT, Pham NH, Phan HBT, Pham GHT, Hoang NMT, Nguyen QT, Nguyen PX. Design of carboxylated Fe3O4/poly(styrene-co-acrylic acid) ferrofluids with highly efficient magnetic heating effect. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Stoltz B, Motherwell W. Tetrahedron reports on organic chemistry. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(11)00770-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Marco JA, Carda M. Stereoselective Synthesis of Five Biologically Active, Naturally Occurring Medium and Large Ring Lactones. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100600411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stereoselective syntheses of five naturally occurring, pharmacologically active medium and large ring lactones are described. Key synthetic methods used were, depending on the cases, olefin metatheses, asymmetric allylations and C-glycosidations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Alberto Marco
- Depart. de Q. Orgánica, Univ. de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Carda
- Depart. de Q. Inorgánica y Orgánica, Univ. Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain
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Yadav JS, Pattanayak MR, Das PP, Mohapatra DK. Iodocyclization and Prins-Type Macrocyclization: An Efficient Formal Synthesis of Leucascandrolide A. Org Lett 2011; 13:1710-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol200223q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. S. Yadav
- Organic Chemistry Division I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, CSIR, Hyderabad 500 607, India, and King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manas R. Pattanayak
- Organic Chemistry Division I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, CSIR, Hyderabad 500 607, India, and King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pragna P. Das
- Organic Chemistry Division I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, CSIR, Hyderabad 500 607, India, and King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Debendra K. Mohapatra
- Organic Chemistry Division I, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, CSIR, Hyderabad 500 607, India, and King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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