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Estrada-Meza J, Videlo J, Bron C, Duchampt A, Saint-Béat C, Zergane M, Silva M, Rajas F, Bouret SG, Mithieux G, Gautier-Stein A. Intestinal gluconeogenesis controls the neonatal development of hypothalamic feeding circuits. Mol Metab 2024:102036. [PMID: 39304064 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.102036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN) regulates adult energy homeostasis in part by controlling the same hypothalamic targets as leptin. In neonates, leptin exhibits a neonatal surge controlling axonal outgrowth between the different hypothalamic nuclei involved in feeding circuits and autonomic innervation of peripheral tissues involved in energy and glucose homeostasis. Interestingly, IGN is induced during this specific time-window. We hypothesized that the neonatal pic of IGN also regulates the development of hypothalamic feeding circuits and sympathetic innervation of adipose tissues. METHODS We genetically induced neonatal IGN by overexpressing G6pc1 the catalytic subunit of glucose-6-phosphatase (the mandatory enzyme of IGN) at birth or at twelve days after birth. The neonatal development of hypothalamic feeding circuits was studied by measuring Agouti-related protein (AgRP) and Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) fiber density in hypothalamic nuclei of 20-day-old pups. The effect of the neonatal induction of intestinal G6pc1 on sympathetic innervation of the adipose tissues was studied via tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) quantification. The metabolic consequences of the neonatal induction of intestinal G6pc1 were studied in adult mice challenged with a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS) diet for 2 months. RESULTS Induction of intestinal G6pc1 at birth caused a neonatal reorganization of AgRP and POMC fiber density in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, increased brown adipose tissue tyrosine hydroxylase levels, and protected against high-fat feeding-induced metabolic disorders. In contrast, inducing intestinal G6pc1 12 days after birth did not impact AgRP/POMC fiber densities, adipose tissue innervation or adult metabolism. CONCLUSION These findings reveal that IGN at birth but not later during postnatal life controls the development of hypothalamic feeding circuits and sympathetic innervation of adipose tissues, promoting a better management of metabolism in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasmine Videlo
- INSERM UMR-S1213, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Clara Bron
- INSERM UMR-S1213, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Adeline Duchampt
- INSERM UMR-S1213, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | | | - Mickael Zergane
- INSERM UMR-S1213, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Marine Silva
- INSERM UMR-S1213, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- INSERM UMR-S1213, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Sebastien G Bouret
- University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of development and plasticity of the Neuroendocrine brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Inserm UMR-S1172, Lille, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- INSERM UMR-S1213, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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Nayyar D, Said JM, McCarthy H, Hryciw DH, O'Keefe L, McAinch AJ. Effect of a High Linoleic Acid Diet on Pregnant Women and Their Offspring. Nutrients 2024; 16:3019. [PMID: 39275331 PMCID: PMC11397513 DOI: 10.3390/nu16173019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2024] [Revised: 09/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutritional intake during pregnancy can affect gestational length, fetal development, and impact postnatal growth and health in offspring. Perturbations in maternal nutrition with either an excess or deficiency in nutrients during pregnancy may have harmful effects on the offspring's development and increase the risk of developing chronic diseases later in life. In pregnancy, nutrients transfer from the mother to the fetus via the placenta. Essential fatty acids, linoleic acid (LA) and alpha linoleic acid (ALA), can only be obtained in the diet. In Western countries, the ratio of LA and ALA in the diet has increased dramatically in recent decades. Some animal and human studies have found a correlation between maternal intake of LA and birth weight; however, the association varies. In contrast, some human studies have demonstrated inconclusive findings regarding the correlation between cord blood levels of LA and birth outcomes. In addition, high dietary LA intake in animal studies in pregnancy increased the production of inflammatory markers such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, cytokines, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. This review aims to highlight the effect of high dietary LA intake during pregnancy on birth outcomes, obesity, maternal inflammatory markers, and the transfer of fatty acids across the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Nayyar
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia
| | - Joanne M Said
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Joan Kirner Women's & Children's Sunshine Hospital, Western Health, St Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Newborn Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Helen McCarthy
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia
| | - Deanne H Hryciw
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Lannie O'Keefe
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia
| | - Andrew J McAinch
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia
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Pescosolido BA. A network frame offers a promising transdisciplinary tool for understanding complex health and health care system problems like suicide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2402194121. [PMID: 39136988 PMCID: PMC11348096 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2402194121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
As health and health care systems continue to face massive challenges from local to global well-being, understanding the processes that lead to improvement or deterioration in human health has embraced a broad range of forces from genes to national cultures. Despite the many efforts to deploy a common framework that captures diverse drivers at scale, the common missing element is the absence of a flexible mechanism that can guide research within and across levels. This hinders both the cumulation of knowledge and the development of a scientific foundation for multiplex interventions. However, studies across disciplines using a wide variety of methods and measures have converged on "connectedness" as crucial to understanding how factors operate in the health space. More formally, a focus on the critical role of the network structure and content of key elements and how they interact, rather than just on the elements themselves, offers both a generalized theory of active factors within levels and the potential to theorize interactions across levels. One critical contemporary health crisis, suicide, is deployed to illustrate the Network Embedded Symbiome Framework. The wide range of health and health care research where networks have been implicated supports its potential but also cautions against inevitable limits that will require creative theorizing and data harmonization to move forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernice A. Pescosolido
- Department of Sociology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN47405
- Irsay Institute for Sociomedical Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN47405
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Liu M, Sun Y. Understanding Blame in the Context of Childhood Obesity. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 39:1684-1704. [PMID: 37489249 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2229987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper explicates blame as a psychological construct in communication processes, with a focus on its underlying structure and its mediating role between message characteristics and the public's issue engagement. Data were collected from Amazon Mechanical Turk (N = 373) via a Web-based experiment, where we manipulated a news story about a child suffering an obesity-related health risk (asthma attack vs. heart attack) with different levels of preventability (high vs. low) and severity (high vs. low). Findings showed that blame should best be conceptualized and operationalized as a latent construct comprising both cognitive and affective components. Blame mediated message effects on social responses related to obesity prevention, including punitive attitudes, policy support, and intentions toward interpersonal communication and civic participatory behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- School of Journalism and Communication, Beijing Normal University
| | - Ye Sun
- Department of Media and Communication, City University of Hong Kong
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5
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Kopinska J, Atella V, Bhattacharya J, Miller G. The changing relationship between bodyweight and longevity in high- and low-income countries. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2024; 54:101392. [PMID: 38703461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2024.101392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Standard measures of bodyweight (overweight and obese, for example) fail to reflect differences across populations and technological progress over time. This paper builds on the pioneering work of Hans Waaler (1984) and Robert Fogel (1994) to empirically estimate how the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and longevity varies across high-, middle-, and low-income countries. Importantly, we show that these differences are so profound that the share of national populations above mortality-minimizing bodyweight is not clearly greater in countries with higher overweight and obesity rates (as traditionally defined)-and in fact, relative to current standards, a larger share of low-income countries' populations can be unhealthily heavy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincenzo Atella
- Department of Economics and Finance, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy.
| | - Jay Bhattacharya
- School of Medicine - Stanford University, Stanford, United States of America; NBER, United States of America
| | - Grant Miller
- School of Medicine - Stanford University, Stanford, United States of America; NBER, United States of America
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Banany M, Gebel K, Sibbritt D. An examination of the predictors of change in BMI among 38 026 school students in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Int Health 2024; 16:463-467. [PMID: 38578607 PMCID: PMC11218882 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihae029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of childhood obesity has substantially increased in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, including Saudi Arabia. The Rashaka initiative is a Saudi national school-based multicomponent intervention that was introduced in the school year 2016-2017 to address childhood overweight and obesity. This study aims to examine the effect of the Rashaka initiative on students' body mass index (BMI) for two academic years (2016-2017 and 2018-2019) and to analyse predictors of BMI change. METHODS Secondary data for this pre-post study was provided by the Ministry of Health for 38 026 students from 89 intermediate and secondary schools that implemented the initiative in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia. It was analysed using non-parametric tests and multiple regressions at a 5% level of significance. RESULTS Over 2 y of implementation, BMI was reduced significantly across the schools (p < 0.001). Based on the regression modelling, school gender and education stage were found to be the only significant predictors of BMI change. Girls and intermediate schools had greater BMI reductions than boys and secondary schools (p < 0.001 and p = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS This study provides tentative evidence for the effectiveness of the Rashaka intervention in Makkah City. In addition, our study has identified that the Rashaka initiative may require modification to improve its effect on boys and students in secondary schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Banany
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, 235 Jones St, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Klaus Gebel
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, 235 Jones St, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Public Health, the University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - David Sibbritt
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, 235 Jones St, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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Huang J, Keung VMW, Cheung CKM, Lo ASC, Chan SC, Wong YY, Mui LWH, Lee A, Wong MCS. Prevalence and associated factors of overweight in Chinese adolescents: A cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2237. [PMID: 38974328 PMCID: PMC11224025 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Obesity has been a global public health issue due to the increasing mortality rate and prevalence among children. However, there are scarce studies on obesity prevalence in Hong Kong children. The study aims to identify the risk factors of obesity among primary and secondary school students by assessing the relationship between sociodemographic factors, health-related behaviors, and social relationships. Methods Self-administrated surveys were collected from 30 primary schools and 25 secondary schools participating in the "Quality Education Fund Thematic Network on Health Schools" project. Descriptive analysis was conducted to examine the proportions of different characteristics and to compare the disparity between primary and secondary school students with obesity. Results A total of 4884 responses were collected. A larger proportion of primary school students with obesity were male (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.77-3.67, p < 0.001) and actively gamed (aOR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.07-2.51, p = 0.024). Secondary school students with obesity were male (aOR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.21-2.13, p = 0.001), had poor self-perceived academic performance (aOR:1.51, 95% CI: 1.10-2.08, p = 0.011) and expressed higher life satisfaction (family) (aOR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.01-1.26, p = 0.032). There were negative associations found between obesity and physical activity, high consumption of sugary drinks, chocolate or candies, and insufficient consumption of vegetables. Conclusion Male sex, physical inactivity, low self-perecived academic performance, and poor dietary behaviors were the risk factors for obesity among primary and secondary school students. The findings highlighted the importance of identifying younger individuals who were at risk of becoming clinically obese. Further studies should explore the effectiveness of various interventions through longitudinal study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Huang
- Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR
| | - Vera M. W. Keung
- Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR
| | - Calvin K. M. Cheung
- Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR
| | - Amelia S. C. Lo
- Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR
| | - Sze C. Chan
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR
| | - Yuet Y. Wong
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR
| | - Lancelot W. H. Mui
- Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR
| | - Albert Lee
- Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR
| | - Martin C. S. Wong
- Centre for Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SAR
- The School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
- The School of Public HealthThe Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and The Peking Union Medical CollegesBeijingChina
- The School of Public HealthFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Kim MJ, Kim M, Yoon JY, Cheon CK, Yoo S. The impacts of COVID-19 on childhood obesity: prevalence, contributing factors, and implications for management. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2024; 29:174-181. [PMID: 38291761 PMCID: PMC11220391 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2346094.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to identify changes in the prevalence of obesity and related diseases among children and adolescents during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS This study was conducted using data from the 2016-2021 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and included 3,861 children and adolescents aged 10-18 years. The prevalence of obesity and related diseases was adjusted for age, sex, and income. We also analyzed the socioeconomic, nutritional, and physical activity items in the survey. RESULTS During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a significant increase in the prevalence of obesity (p=0.02), central obesity (p=0.001), mean body mass index (BMI, p=0.03), and hemoglobin A1c (p=0.005) among children and adolescents aged 10-18 years. The intake of food and calories was significantly reduced in the normal-weight group (p=0.001 and <0.001) but not in the obese group. Incidences of skipping breakfast increased and eating out decreased, regardless of obesity status. However, the changes in health behaviors were not significant. The prevalence of central obesity and increased BMI showed a significant linear association between children and their parents, especially in the 10-12-year-old age group. A clear increase in the proportion of metabolically unhealthy children and adolescents was observed in the obese group, and the frequency of central obesity in parents also increased. CONCLUSION The number of metabolically unhealthy, obese children and adolescents increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Age-specific strategies that consider growth, development, and genetic and social factors are required. Health strategies targeting the entire family are required to develop healthier habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ji Kim
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children’s Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children’s Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Ju Young Yoon
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children’s Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Chong Kun Cheon
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children’s Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sukdong Yoo
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children’s Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
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Cucuzzella M, Bailes J, Favret J, Paddu N, Bradley AB. Beyond Obesity and Overweight: the Clinical Assessment and Treatment of Excess Body Fat In Children : Part 2 - the Prescription of Low-Carbohydrate Eating as the First Approach. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:286-294. [PMID: 38709470 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00564-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pediatric obesity and comorbidities related to insulin resistance continue to be a growing public health crisis. If lifestyle measures are unsuccessful, pharmacological and surgical interventions are offered. In this paper, we describe the driving force of the obesity crisis: hyperinsulinemia and the development of insulin resistance. We give historical background of key policy issues which have contributed to this pandemic as well as the physiologic mechanisms of insulin resistance. The prevalence of obesity will continue to rise unless the root cause of hyperinsulinemia is addressed. RECENT FINDINGS Current research on insulin resistance demonstrates that a decreased consumption of carbohydrates is an effective first-line dietary intervention for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases. Evidence shows it is safe and beneficial. A low-carbohydrate eating pattern can be helpful to address pediatric obesity. However, there must be policy guardrails in place to ensure that this is a sustainable and viable option for children and their families. There must be a change in the nutritional environment to help individuals battle the chronic disease of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Cucuzzella
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | | | - Jenny Favret
- Duke Pediatrics Healthy Lifestyles Program, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nina Paddu
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Arbildo-Vega HI, Cruzado-Oliva FH, Coronel-Zubiate FT, Aguirre-Ipenza R, Meza-Málaga JM, Luján-Valencia SA, Luján-Urviola E, Farje-Gallardo CA. Association between Periodontal Disease and Obesity: Umbrella Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:621. [PMID: 38674267 PMCID: PMC11051919 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Objective: Determine the association between periodontal disease (PD) and obesity through an umbrella review. Materials and Methods: A search for information until March 2024 was carried out in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane library, Scopus, SciELO, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Proquest Dissertations and Theses, and OpenGrey. We included studies that were systematic reviews (SR) with or without meta-analysis, without time or language restrictions, that evaluated primary studies that associated PD with obesity. Literary or narrative reviews, rapid reviews, intervention studies, observational studies, preclinical and basic research, summaries, comments, case reports, protocols, personal opinions, letters, and posters were excluded. The AMSTAR-2 tool was used to determine the quality and overall confidence of the included studies. Results: The preliminary search yielded a total of 419 articles, discarding those that did not meet the selection criteria, leaving only 14 articles. All studies reported that PD was associated with obesity, with an OR and RR ranging from 1.1 to 1.46 and 1.64 to 2.21, respectively. Conclusions: Based on the results and conclusions of the SR with a high overall confidence level, PD is associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heber Isac Arbildo-Vega
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dentistry School, San Martin de Porres University, Chiclayo 14012, Peru;
- Faculty of Human Medicine, Human Medicine School, San Martín de Porres University, Chiclayo 14012, Peru
| | - Fredy Hugo Cruzado-Oliva
- Faculty of Stomatology, Stomatology School, Nacional University of Trujillo, Trujillo 13001, Peru;
| | - Franz Tito Coronel-Zubiate
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Stomatology School, Toribio Rodríguez of Mendoza National University of Amazonas, Chachapoyas 01001, Peru; (F.T.C.-Z.); (C.A.F.-G.)
| | | | - Joan Manuel Meza-Málaga
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dentistry School, Catholic University of Santa Maria, Arequipa 04013, Peru; (J.M.M.-M.); (S.A.L.-V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Medicine School, Catholic University of Santa Maria, Arequipa 04013, Peru
| | - Sara Antonieta Luján-Valencia
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dentistry School, Catholic University of Santa Maria, Arequipa 04013, Peru; (J.M.M.-M.); (S.A.L.-V.)
- Postgraduate School, Catholic University of Santa Maria, Arequipa 04013, Peru
| | - Eduardo Luján-Urviola
- Faculty of Dentistry, Néstor Cáceres Velásquez Andean University, Juliaca 21104, Peru;
| | - Carlos Alberto Farje-Gallardo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Stomatology School, Toribio Rodríguez of Mendoza National University of Amazonas, Chachapoyas 01001, Peru; (F.T.C.-Z.); (C.A.F.-G.)
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Raedeke TD, Hayes M. Feasibility of Project Mentor: A Mentoring Program Based on Self-Determination Theory for Adolescents Classified as Overweight. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2024; 95:157-170. [PMID: 37036401 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2023.2167912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This study examined the feasibility of Project Mentor, a mentoring program based on self-determination theory (SDT) for youth classified as overweight or obese. Methods: In Study 1, youth (N = 23) ranging from 12-18 years of age were randomly assigned to a mentoring intervention or wait-list control condition. Study 2 served as a replication sample and consisted of N = 38 youth who participated in the mentoring program. As part of a process evaluation, attendance and exercise heart rate were monitored to assess whether participants exercised at a moderate-to-vigorous level as intended. Mentees also rated whether mentors created a need-supportive environment. For outcome evaluation, basic need satisfaction, behavioral regulation, fitness, and body composition were assessed at pre, post, and follow-up. Results: Across both studies, participants attended over 80% of the exercise sessions and exercised at a moderate to vigorous intensity level. Mentees also perceived that mentors created a need-supportive environment. Post-test and follow-up basic need scores were higher than baseline values and autonomous motivation increased for mentoring program participants. Effect sizes were generally moderate to large in magnitude based on partial eta-squared and Cohen d. Aerobic fitness (i.e., Vo2peak) showed a moderate to large increase at post-test that was partially maintained at follow-up. Body composition changes were nonsignificant and small in magnitude. Participants in the wait-list control reported showed small changes or decreases across SDT related constructs, fitness, and body composition across both studies. Conclusions: Results across both studies support the feasibility of a mentoring program focused on CARE (competence, autonomy, relatedness, and enjoyment).
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12
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Brush CJ, Keith LR, Santopetro NJ, Burani K, Hajcak G. Associations between physical activity, sedentary time, and neurocognitive function during adolescence: Evidence from accelerometry and the flanker P300. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2024; 286:151-178. [PMID: 38876574 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Physical activity and sedentary behavior are two lifestyle factors related to overall health during adolescence. Public health efforts emphasize the importance of increasing physical activity to improve physical and mental health outcomes, including neurocognitive functioning. However, the unique effects of sedentary behavior on neurocognitive functioning remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate associations between daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary time, and neurocognitive functioning during adolescence. Fifty-seven participants (37% female) between the ages of 13 and 17 years wore an accelerometer on their non-dominant wrist for approximately 1 week to quantify daily MVPA and sedentary time prior to completing a flanker task to elicit P300 amplitude at a laboratory visit. Results indicated that daily MVPA and sedentary time exhibited unique, significant associations with P300 amplitude in opposing directions: increased daily MVPA was correlated with larger P300 amplitudes, while increased daily sedentary time was linked to reduced P300 amplitudes. Notably, these associations remained significant even after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI-for-age percentile. These findings underscore the independent influence of daily MVPA and sedentary time on neurocognitive functioning during adolescence. Future research should explore whether modifying MVPA levels can improve neurocognitive outcomes-including the P300-during adolescence, and determine whether reducing sedentary time results in similar or differential effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Brush
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States.
| | - Lauren R Keith
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | | | - Kreshnik Burani
- Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Greg Hajcak
- School of Education and Counseling Psychology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, United States
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13
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Banany M, Kang M, Gebel K, Sibbritt D. A systematic review of school-based weight-related interventions in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries. Syst Rev 2024; 13:66. [PMID: 38355590 PMCID: PMC10865693 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-024-02475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has increased at alarming levels in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries (Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman, and Qatar). Weight-related interventions are urgently required in these countries to tackle childhood overweight and obesity and their-related consequences. To date, no systematic review has synthesised school-based weight-related interventions in the six GCC countries. This study aims to systematically review school-based, weight-related interventions conducted in the GCC countries, investigating the intervention characteristics, components, and outcomes. METHODS Medline, Scopus, and ProQuest databases were searched for peer-reviewed literature published in English without date restriction and Google Scholar for grey literature using combined Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms and keywords under five relevant concepts including population, setting, interventions, outcomes, and geographical location. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), records were identified, screened for eligibility, and included in this review. Using the Effective Public Health Practice Project tool, the methodological quality of the included studies was assessed independently by two authors. RESULTS Out of 1303 initially identified records, eight peer-reviewed articles and three doctoral theses were included in this review. The age of the students in the included studies ranged between 5 to 19 years, and the sample sizes between 28 and 3,967 students. The studies included between one and thirty public and private schools. Of the included studies, six were randomised controlled trials, four pre-post studies and one used a post-study design. Only four of the eleven studies were theory based. The included studies reported various improvements in the students' weight or weight-related lifestyle behaviours, such as healthier dietary choices, increased physical activity, and decreased sedentary behaviour. CONCLUSIONS This review suggests the potential effectiveness of school-based interventions in the GCC countries. However, a thorough evaluation of these studies revealed significant methodological limitations that must be acknowledged in interpreting these results. Future studies in this field should be theory-based and use more rigorous evaluation methods. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020156535.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Banany
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, City Campus, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Melissa Kang
- Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Klaus Gebel
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, City Campus, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - David Sibbritt
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, City Campus, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
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14
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Thompson EJ, Krebs G, Zavos HMS, Steves CJ, Eley TC. The relationship between weight-related indicators and depressive symptoms during adolescence and adulthood: results from two twin studies. Psychol Med 2024; 54:527-538. [PMID: 37650294 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723002155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between weight and depressive symptoms is well established, but the direction of effects remains unclear. Most studies rely on body mass index (BMI) as the sole weight indicator, with few examining the aetiology of the association between weight indicators and depressive symptoms. METHODS We analysed data from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) and UK Adult Twin Registry (TwinsUK) (7658 and 2775 twin pairs, respectively). A phenotypic cross-lagged panel model assessed the directionality between BMI and depressive symptoms at ages 12, 16, and 21 years in TEDS. Bivariate correlations tested the phenotypic association between a range of weight indicators and depressive symptoms in TwinsUK. In both samples, structural equation modelling of twin data investigated genetic and environmental influences between weight indicators and depression. Sensitivity analyses included two-wave phenotypic cross-lagged panel models and the exclusion of those with a BMI <18.5. RESULTS Within TEDS, the relationship between BMI and depression was bidirectional between ages 12 and 16 with a stronger influence of earlier BMI on later depression. The associations were unidirectional thereafter with depression at 16 influencing BMI at 21. Small genetic correlations were found between BMI and depression at ages 16 and 21, but not at 12. Within TwinsUK, depression was weakly correlated with weight indicators; therefore, it was not possible to generate precise estimates of genetic or environmental correlations. CONCLUSIONS The directionality of the relationship between BMI and depression appears to be developmentally sensitive. Further research with larger genetically informative samples is needed to estimate the aetiological influence on these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen J Thompson
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Georgina Krebs
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, UK
| | - Helena M S Zavos
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Claire J Steves
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Thalia C Eley
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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15
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Bertapelli F, Baptista CRDJAD, Mattiello-Sverzut AC. Height and body mass index distribution in children and adolescents with and without spina bifida. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2024; 100:46-52. [PMID: 37524313 PMCID: PMC10751691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children with spina bifida (SB) are at risk for stunting and overweight. However, height and Body Mass Index (BMI) z-score distribution in children and adolescents with SB are unclear. The aim of this study was to examine height and BMI z-score distribution in Brazilian children and adolescents with and without SB. This study further aimed to examine whether height and BMI z-scores differ between individuals with and without SB. METHOD This study included 101 participants (SB: n = 18; non-SB: n = 83, aged 7-16 years). The World Health Organization (WHO) AnthroPlus software was used to calculate height and BMI z-scores. AnthroPlus z-score distribution graphs were used to examine individual z-scores based on the 2007 WHO normal distribution curve. Effects of the group (SB vs non-SB) on height and BMI z-scores were examined with sequential regression. RESULTS In the WHO distribution graph analysis, height z-scores of participants with SB were slightly left-shifted compared to the WHO normal distribution curve. In the regression analysis, group (SB vs non-SB) was a significant predictor of height z-scores after controlling for sex and age (ΔR2 = 0.064, p = 0.010). BMI z-scores of participants with SB were right-shifted compared to the WHO normal curve. However, there was no contribution of the group to BMI z-scores (ΔR2 = 0.011, p = 0.301). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that Brazilian children and adolescents with SB may be at risk for reduced height and increased BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Bertapelli
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Claudia Mattiello-Sverzut
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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16
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García-Hermoso A, Izquierdo M, López-Gil JF. Combined aerobic and muscle-strengthening activity guidelines and their association with obesity in US adolescents. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14504. [PMID: 37773071 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Most of the evidence on physical activity for maintaining a healthy weight in adolescents is based solely on aerobic physical activity alone, with little attention given to the muscle strength component. This study aimed to investigate the associations between aerobic activities and muscle-strengthening activities (MSA) and overweight/obesity among a representative sample of adolescents. Data from the United States-based Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System for the 2011-2019 cycle were used in this cross-sectional study. Adolescents self-reported their adherence to aerobic and MSA guidelines, as well as their height and weight. Overweight and obesity were defined using the age- and sex-specific criteria of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, with a body mass index (BMI) ≥85th and ≥95th percentiles, respectively. We examined the associations between adherence to physical activity guidelines (reference: not meeting either of the physical activity guidelines) and overweight/obesity or obesity using binary logistic regressions. These analyses were adjusted for race/ethnicity, sex, age, screen time, sleep duration, tobacco, alcohol, fruit, vegetables, and soda consumption. A total of 42 829 adolescents (48.98% girls) were included in the study. Of these, 22.23% met both guidelines for physical activity, 30.47% had overweight/obesity, and 14.51% had obesity. Compared with meeting neither guideline, meeting both aerobic and MSA guidelines was associated with lower odds of having overweight/obesity (odds ratio [OR] = 0.64, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.60 to 0.68) and obesity (OR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.56). These results were consistent across years of assessment, sex, and race/ethnicity. In conclusion, our results highlight the importance of MSA, which is often overlooked in physical activity recommendations in many studies, in combating childhood obesity in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - José Francisco López-Gil
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
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17
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Engin A. The Definition and Prevalence of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome: Correlative Clinical Evaluation Based on Phenotypes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1460:1-25. [PMID: 39287847 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-63657-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Increase in the prevalence of obesity has become a major worldwide health problem in adults as well as among children and adolescents. In the last four decades, studies have revealed that the significant increase in the prevalence of obesity has become a pandemic. Obesity is the result of complex interactions between biological, genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. Indeed, almost all of the children suffering from obesity in early childhood face with being overweight or obese in adolescence. Different phenotypes have different risk factors in the clinical evaluation of obesity. Individuals suffering from metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) are at an excess risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), several cancer types, and metabolic syndrome (MetS), whereas the metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) phenotype has a high risk of all-cause mortality and cardiometabolic events but not MetS. While most obese individuals have the MUO phenotype, the frequency of the MHO phenotype is at most 10-20%. Over time, approximately three-quarters of obese individuals transform from MHO to MUO. Total adiposity and truncal subcutaneous fat accumulation during adolescence are positively and independently associated with atherosclerosis in adulthood. Obesity, in general, causes a large reduction in life expectancy. However, the mortality rate of morbid obesity is greater among younger than older adults. Insulin resistance (IR) develops with the central accumulation of body fat. MHO patients are insulin-sensitive like healthy normal-weight individuals and have lower visceral fat content and cardiovascular consequences than do the majority of MUO patients. MetS includes clustering of abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension. The average incidence of MetS is 3%, with a 1.5-fold increase in the risk of death from all causes in these patients. If lifestyle modifications, dietary habits, and pharmacotherapy do not provide any benefit, then bariatric surgery is recommended to reduce weight and improve comorbid diseases. However, obesity treatment should be continuous in obese patients by monitoring the accompanying diseases and their consequences. In addition to sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, the long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist reduces the mean body weight. However, caloric restriction provides more favorable improvement in body composition than does treatment with the GLP-1 receptor (GLP1R) agonist alone. Combination therapy with orlistat and phentermine are the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved anti-obesity drugs. Recombinant leptin and synthetic melanocortin-4-receptor agonists are used in rarely occurring, monogenic obesity, which is due to loss of function in the leptin-melanocortin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.
- Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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Logan NE, Occidental N, Watrous JNH, Lloyd KM, Raine LB, Kramer AF, Hillman CH. The complex associations between adiposity, fitness, mental wellbeing and neurocognitive function after exercise: A randomized crossover trial in preadolescent children. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2023; 283:123-165. [PMID: 38538186 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the associations of adiposity and fitness on the preadolescent brain's response to acute exercise. In a sample of 58 children (ages 8-10; 19 females), demographic measures of age, sex, IQ, puberty, and socioeconomic status were considered. Children participated in a randomized crossover study, whereby they completed two different interventions; seated rest or treadmill walking, counterbalanced across participants. Associations between adiposity measures (standardized body mass index [BMI-Z], whole body percent fat [%Fat], visceral adipose tissue [VAT]), cardiorespiratory fitness measures (VO2max and Fat-Free VO2) were assessed on self-reported measures of mental wellbeing, and cognitive performance (response accuracy, reaction time) and neuroelectric (P3 amplitude and latency) indices of a Go/NoGo task following both exercise and rest interventions. Higher adiposity (whole-body percent fat, BMI-Z) was associated with higher trait anxiety (P's≤0.05) and disordered eating (P's≤0.05) scores. Higher fitness (VO2max) was associated with lower childhood depression scores (P=0.02). Regression analyses yielded specific post-exercise neurocognitive associations with adiposity-related (VAT, BMI-Z), and fitness-related (FF-VO2) outcomes, after controlling for post-rest neurocognitive outcomes. VAT was positively associated with post-exercise P3 ERP Latency for the Go task (P≤0.001); BMI-Z was negatively associated with P3 ERP amplitudes for the Go task (P's≤0.005); FF-VO2 was negatively associated with P3 ERP latency for the Go/NoGo task (P's≤0.05), and positively associated with NoGo task accuracy (P≤0.001). Overall, adiposity and fat-free fitness measures yield sensitive and differential associations with neurocognitive performance after exercise and after rest interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Logan
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States; George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States.
| | - Nicole Occidental
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jennifer N H Watrous
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Katherine M Lloyd
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lauren B Raine
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement & Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Medical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States; Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Physical Therapy, Movement & Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
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19
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Taha A, Eroğlu H, Demirbaş İE, Demir B, Dilektaşli E. Impact of Short-Term Weight Loss on Hemostasis and Thrombosis after Bariatric Surgery. Surg Res Pract 2023; 2023:1729167. [PMID: 38028115 PMCID: PMC10661871 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1729167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity causes thrombophilia and many coagulation problems related to slowing the capillary flow. We aimed to evaluate rapid weight loss outcomes in the early period after bariatric surgery on the coagulation system. Materials and Method. A prospective study enrolled 28 patients with a BMI > 40 kg/m2 who underwent bariatric surgery. Preoperative and postoperative (first and third months) demographic criteria-such as age, gender, weight, height, and alcohol and tobacco use, and biochemical parameters such as PLT, PT, aPTT, INR, bleeding time, coagulation time, fibrinogen, D-dimer, albumin, calcium, ionized calcium, vitamin D, and PTH-were analyzed. Results We found that both bleeding and thrombotic parameters increase in early-slowing surgery. The first-month platelet levels were significantly different from the preoperative values (p < 0.001). The prothrombin time in the first (p < 0.001) and third months (p < 0.009) was also comparable. The PTT in the first month was higher than in the preoperative period (p < 0.011). INR in the first month (p < 0.001) was higher than that in the preoperative period and the third month (p = 0.007) value was higher than in the first month. In terms of fibrinogen levels, all parameters indicated statistical significance within each other; preoperative to the first month (p < 0.001), the first month to the third month (p < 0.016). Third-month D-dimer levels were lower than the first month's values (p = 0.032). Conclusion Thromboembolic events have crucial importance in the converse scenario of haemorrhagic diathesis during the first months of bariatric surgery. Vitamin support and antithrombotic agents may be recommended in the early postoperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Taha
- Yalova Training and Research Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Yalova, Türkiye
| | - Hasan Eroğlu
- Yalova Training and Research Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Yalova, Türkiye
| | | | - Berkay Demir
- Malatya Darende Hulusi Efendi State Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Evren Dilektaşli
- Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital Department of General Surgery, Bursa, Türkiye
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20
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Metz CN, Xue X, Chatterjee PK, Adelson RP, Roth J, Brines M, Tracey KJ, Gregersen PK, Pavlov VA. Increased plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and altered inflammatory mediators in overweight women suggest a state of subclinical endotoxemia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.18.540879. [PMID: 37293028 PMCID: PMC10245681 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.18.540879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation has been recognized as an underlying event linking obesity to cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, inflammatory alterations in individuals who are overweight remain understudied. To provide insight, we determined the levels of key circulating biomarkers of endotoxemia and inflammation, including lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), CRP, IL-6, leptin, and adiponectin in adult female subjects (n=40) who were lean or overweight and had high cholesterol and/or high blood pressure - two important conventional risk factors for CVD. Plasma levels of LBP were significantly higher in the overweight group compared with the lean group (P=0.005). The levels of CRP were also significantly higher in overweight subjects (P=0.01), as were IL-6 (P=0.02) and leptin (P=0.002), pro-inflammatory mediators associated with cardiovascular risk. Levels of adiponectin, an adipokine with anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic functions, were significantly lower in the overweight group (P=0.002). The leptin/adiponectin ratio, a preferential atherogenic marker was significantly increased in women who are overweight (P=0.02). LBP, CRP, leptin, and adiponectin levels significantly correlated with BMI, but not with age and there was a significant correlation between LBP and IL-6 levels. These results reveal the presence of subclinical endotoxemia and a pro-inflammatory state in overweight women and are of interest for further studies with the goal for improved understanding of cardiovascular health risks in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine N. Metz
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell-Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11550, USA
| | - Xiangying Xue
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Prodyot K Chatterjee
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Robert P. Adelson
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Jesse Roth
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell-Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11550, USA
| | - Michael Brines
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Kevin J. Tracey
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell-Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11550, USA
| | - Peter K. Gregersen
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell-Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11550, USA
| | - Valentin A. Pavlov
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell-Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11550, USA
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Michel Z, Krayl N, Götz K, Wienke A, Mikolajczyk R, Führer A. Increasing social disparities in obesity among 15 000 pre-schoolers in a German district from 2009 to 2019. Eur J Public Health 2023; 33:757-763. [PMID: 37322569 PMCID: PMC10567254 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckad095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although childhood obesity prevalence has stagnated in many high-income regions after decades of increase, it continues to be a major public health problem with adverse effects. The objective was to examine obesity trends as a function of parental social status to identify obesity disparities among children. METHODS Data from school entry examinations from 2009 to 2019 of 14 952 pre-schoolers in one German district were used. Logistic regression models (obesity/overweight as dependent variable) and a linear regression [BMI z-score (BMIz) as dependent variable] were performed adjusted for social status and sex to investigate time trends in overweight and obesity. RESULTS Overall, we found an increase of obesity over time [odds ratio (ORs): 1.03 per year, 95% CI: 1.01-1.06]. Children with low social status had an OR of 1.08 per year (95% CI: 1.03-1.13), while the trend was less expressed in children with high social status (OR: 1.03 per year, 95% CI: 0.98-1.08). The mean BMIz decreased per year (regression coefficient -0.005 per year, 95% CI: -0.01 to 0.0) when considering all children. This decrease was more pronounced in children with high social status (regression coefficient: -0.011 per year, 95% CI: -0.019 to -0.004), compared with a slight increase of 0.014 (95% CI: -0.003 to 0.03) per year among children with low social status. Also, children with low parental social status were heavier and smaller than their peers with high social status. CONCLUSIONS Although the mean BMIz decreased among pre-schoolers, obesity prevalence and status-related inequity in obesity prevalence increased from 2009 to 2019 in the region studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zora Michel
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburgerstraße 8, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Nele Krayl
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburgerstraße 8, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Katja Götz
- Department of Public Health, Child and Youth Medical Service, Saalekreis, Germany
| | - Andreas Wienke
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburgerstraße 8, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburgerstraße 8, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Amand Führer
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburgerstraße 8, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
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22
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Szűcs G, Pipicz M, Szabó MR, Csont T, Török L, Csonka C. Effect of Eccentric Exercise on Metabolic Health in Diabetes and Obesity. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2023; 9:91. [PMID: 37775653 PMCID: PMC10541389 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00596-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence showing the importance of physical activity against civilization-induced metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity. Eccentric contraction, when skeletal muscles generate force by lengthening, is a unique type of skeletal muscle activity. Eccentric contraction may lead to better power production characteristics of the muscle because eccentric contraction requires less energy and can result in higher tension. Therefore, it is an ideal tool in the rehabilitation program of patients. However, the complex metabolic effect (i.e., fat mass reduction, increased lipid oxidation, improvement in blood lipid profile, and increased insulin sensitivity) of the eccentric contraction alone has scarcely been investigated. This paper aims to review the current literature to provide information on whether eccentric contraction can influence metabolic health and body composition in T2DM or obesity. We also discussed the potential role of myokines in mediating the effects of eccentric exercise. A better understanding of the mechanism of eccentric training and particularly their participation in the regulation of metabolic diseases may widen their possible therapeutic use and, thereby, may support the fight against the leading global risks for mortality in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Szűcs
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling (MEDICS) Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
- Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary Research, Development and Innovation of the University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Márton Pipicz
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling (MEDICS) Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
- Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary Research, Development and Innovation of the University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Márton Richárd Szabó
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling (MEDICS) Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
- Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary Research, Development and Innovation of the University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Csont
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling (MEDICS) Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
- Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary Research, Development and Innovation of the University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Török
- Department of Traumatology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis utca 6, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
- Department of Sports Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 107, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Csaba Csonka
- Metabolic Diseases and Cell Signaling (MEDICS) Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.
- Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary Research, Development and Innovation of the University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Hungary.
- Department of Sports Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 107, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.
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23
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Metz CN, Xue X, Chatterjee PK, Adelson RP, Brines M, Tracey KJ, Gregersen PK, Pavlov VA. Increased plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and altered inflammatory mediators in overweight women suggest a state of subclinical endotoxemia. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3356683. [PMID: 37841878 PMCID: PMC10571637 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3356683/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation has been recognized as an underlying event linking obesity to cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, inflammatory alterations in individuals who are overweight remain understudied. To provide insight, we determined the levels of key circulating biomarkers of endotoxemia and inflammation, including lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), CRP, IL-6, leptin, and adiponectin in adult female subjects (n = 20) who were lean or overweight and had high cholesterol and/or high blood pressure - two important conventional risk factors for CVD. Plasma levels of LBP (a recognized marker of metabolic endotoxemia in obesity) were significantly higher in the overweight group compared with the lean group (P = 0.005). The levels of CRP, a general marker of inflammation, were also significantly higher in overweight subjects (P = 0.01), as were IL-6 (P = 0.02) and leptin (P = 0.002), pro-inflammatory mediators associated with cardiovascular risk. Levels of adiponectin, an adipokine with anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic functions, were significantly lower in the overweight group (P = 0.002). The leptin/adiponectin ratio, a preferential atherogenic marker was significantly increased in women who are overweight (P = 0.02). LBP, CRP, leptin, and adiponectin levels significantly correlated with BMI, but not with age. These results reveal the presence of subclinical endotoxemia and a pro-inflammatory state in overweight women and are of interest for further studies with the goal for improved understanding of women's cardiovascular health.
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Phua DY, Chen H, Yap F, Chong YS, Gluckman PD, Broekman BFP, Eriksson JG, Meaney MJ. Allostatic load in children: The cost of empathic concern. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217769120. [PMID: 37725642 PMCID: PMC10523447 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217769120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-life adversity affects long-term health outcomes but there is considerable interindividual variability in susceptibility to environmental influences. We proposed that positive psychological characteristics that reflect engagement with context, such as being concerned about people or performance on tasks (i.e., empathic concern), could moderate the interindividual variation in sensitivity to the quality of the early environment. We studied 526 children of various Asian nationalities in Singapore (46.6% female, 13.4% below the poverty line) with longitudinal data on perinatal and childhood experiences, maternal report on empathic concern of the child, and a comprehensive set of physiological measures reflecting pediatric allostatic load assessed at 6 y of age. The perinatal and childhood experiences included adversities and positive experiences. We found that cumulative adverse childhood experience was positively associated with allostatic load of children at 6 y of age at higher levels of empathic concern but not significantly associated at lower levels of empathic concern. This finding reveals evidence for the importance of empathic concern as a psychological characteristic that moderates the developmental impact of environmental influences, serving as a source for vulnerability to adversities in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Y. Phua
- Translational Neuroscience Programme, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore117609, Republic of Singapore
| | - Helen Chen
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Kandang Kerbau Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore229899, Republic of Singapore
- Paediatric Medicine Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Fabian Yap
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Kandang Kerbau Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore229899, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Paediatric Medicine, Kandang Kerbay Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore229899, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Translational Neuroscience Programme, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore117609, Republic of Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme and O&G Department, National University of Singapore, Singapore117597, Singapore
| | - Peter D. Gluckman
- Translational Neuroscience Programme, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore117609, Republic of Singapore
- Centre for Human Evolution, Adaptation and Disease, Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland1023, New Zealand
- Public Health Research Program, Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki00250, Finland
| | - Birit F. P. Broekman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC) and Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG), Vrije Universiteit (VU), Amsterdam1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- Translational Neuroscience Programme, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore117609, Republic of Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme and O&G Department, National University of Singapore, Singapore117597, Singapore
- Public Health Research Program, Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki00250, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00100, Finland
| | - Michael J. Meaney
- Translational Neuroscience Programme, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore117609, Republic of Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme and O&G Department, National University of Singapore, Singapore117597, Singapore
- Brain-Body Initiative, Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117597, Republic of Singapore
- Sackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology at McGill University, MontrealQCH3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, MontrealQCH3A 0G4, Canada
- Brain-Body Initiative, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore138632, Republic of Singapore
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25
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Seo HS, Lee SH, Yim MH, Jeong YK, Chang GT, Ahn YJ, Lee JD, Chung WS, Ahn SY, Ahn YM, Lee BC, Noh JW, Lee B. Integrative Korean Medicine Treatment for Obesity and Overweight in Children and Adolescents: A Multicenter Retrospective Chart Review Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:2821-2832. [PMID: 37732015 PMCID: PMC10508230 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s426848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Integrative Korean medicine treatment (IKM), including herbal medicine (HM) and acupuncture, has been widely used for obesity and overweight in children and adolescents in South Korea. We investigated the real-world usage status and the potential effect of the IKM for obesity and overweight in children and adolescents. Methods Multicenter medical charts were retrospectively reviewed of obese and overweight children and adolescents who visited Korean medicine institutions with the goal of weight control for the first time and received IKM, to analyze the usage status and effect of IKM. We defined IKM responders as those with an improved obesity grade on the body mass index (BMI) percentile and analyzed their characteristics. Results Medical charts of 209 patients (183 obese and 26 overweight) with a mean age of 11.45 years were examined. Patients visited the institution a mean of 5.95 times, and HM alone and HM plus acupuncture were frequently used IKM. HM was prescribed to 205 patients, 167 of whom received an HM prescription containing Ephedrae Herba. An HM of the decoction type was prescribed to 189 patients, and the average treatment duration was 76.54 days. After IKM, the percentile and z-score of BMI and weight significantly declined and height percentile and z-score were significantly enhanced, without serious adverse events. In the IKM responders, age, and the proportion of girls and overweight were significantly higher, and the percentile and z-score of height, weight, and BMI were significantly lower. Conclusion This is the first study to examine the real-world usage of IKM for obesity and overweight in children and adolescents. A significant improvement in obesity-related outcome measures after IKM, illustrated the potential effect of IKM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Sun Seo
- Department of Korean Pediatrics, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Haeng Lee
- Department of Korean Pediatrics, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Hong Yim
- Digital Health Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yoon Kyoung Jeong
- Department of Korean Pediatrics, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gyu Tae Chang
- Department of Korean Pediatrics, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ye-Ji Ahn
- Haeundae Hamsoa Korean Medicine Clinic, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jae Dong Lee
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Seok Chung
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Young Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Min Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung Cheol Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Won Noh
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Boram Lee
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
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Csertő M, Mihályi K, Mendl E, Lőcsei D, Daum V, Szili N, Decsi T, Lohner S. Dietary Energy and Nutrient Intake of Healthy Pre-School Children in Hungary. Nutrients 2023; 15:2989. [PMID: 37447317 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet in the early years of life may influence the development of chronic diseases later on. The aim of the present study was to investigate the dietary intake of 2- to 6-year-old Hungarian children. In 2013 and subsequently in 2016, cross-sectional surveys were conducted among parents of healthy children attending kindergarten in Hungary. We used a three-day food diary to record quantitative data of all the nutrients consumed by the children on two working days and one weekend day. The dietary intakes were compared to both the Hungarian recommended dietary allowances and the European Food Safety Authority recommendations. The nutritional data of altogether 186 children in 2013 and 556 children in 2016 were analyzed. The total energy and carbohydrate intake was appropriate. We observed high sugar intake in every fifth child. Protein, fat and cholesterol intake, as well as the intake of sodium, potassium and phosphorus, were high. The consumption of calcium and vitamin D was low. Water consumption was not satisfying. The present results underline the need for interventions starting early in life in order to ameliorate nutrient intake during childhood, possibly impacting long-term health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónika Csertő
- Department of Paediatrics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Mihályi
- Department of Paediatrics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Edina Mendl
- Department of Paediatrics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Lőcsei
- Department of Paediatrics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Oncotherapy, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Vivien Daum
- Department of Paediatrics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
- Nutrition and Dietetic Service, Directory of Nursing, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nóra Szili
- Department of Paediatrics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Decsi
- Department of Paediatrics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Szimonetta Lohner
- Department of Paediatrics, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Choi JE, Lee HA, Park SW, Lee JW, Lee JH, Park H, Kim HS. Increase of Prevalence of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents in Korea during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the KNHANES. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1105. [PMID: 37508602 PMCID: PMC10378374 DOI: 10.3390/children10071105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome since the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak utilizing representative data on youth aged 2-18 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) conducted in 2019-2020. (2) Methods: The survey consists of three parts: health interviews, health examinations, and nutrition surveys. From the 2019 and 2020 surveys, 1371 (2-9 years = 702 and 10-18 years = 669) and 1124 (2-9 years = 543 and 10-18 years = 581) individuals were included in the analysis. (3) Results: The mean body mass index (BMI) increased significantly among youth aged 2-9 years from 16.53 kg/m2 in 2019 to 17.1 kg/m2 in 2020 (p < 0.01). In youth aged 10-18 years, the BMI was found to increase slightly from 21.25 kg/m2 in 2019 to 21.41 kg/m2 in 2020 (p = 0.64). The increasing prevalence of extreme obesity was significant in girls, especially those aged 2-9 years (p < 0.01). However, extreme obesity had increased in 10-18-year-old boys (p = 0.08). The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adolescents increased from 3.79% to 7.79% during the COVID-19 pandemic (p = 0.01). (4) Conclusions: We observed that the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome among children and adolescents has increased after the COVID-19 outbreak. This is believed to be associated with an increase in the rate of early comorbidities in adulthood. The prevention of the progression of pediatric obesity has recently become an urgent public health concern in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ah Lee
- Clinical Trial Center, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Park
- Department of Pediatrics, MizMedi Hospital, Seoul 07639, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Won Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyen Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesook Park
- Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Soon Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
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Mayer A, Herr RM, Klein T, Wiedemann E, Diehl K, Hoffmann S, Blume M, Jepsen D, Sundmacher L, Andreas M, Schneider S. Socio-economic inequalities in body mass index among preschool children: do sports programs in early childhood education and care centers make a difference? Front Public Health 2023; 11:1079871. [PMID: 37427257 PMCID: PMC10325856 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1079871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Overweight in childhood is considered to be one of the most serious public health challenges. Many studies have investigated individual-level determinants of children's body mass index (BMI), yet studies exploring determinants at the meso-level are sparse. The aim of our study was to examine how a sports focus at early childhood education and care (ECEC) centers moderates the effect of parental socio-economic position (SEP) on children's BMI. Methods We used data from the German National Educational Panel Study and included 1,891 children (955 boys and 936 girls) from 224 ECEC centers in our analysis. Linear multilevel regressions were used to estimate the main effects of family SEP and the ECEC center sports focus, as well as their interaction, on children's BMI. All analyses were stratified by sex and adjusted for age, migration background, number of siblings, and employment status of parents. Results Our analysis confirmed the wellknown health inequalities in childhood overweight with a social gradient toward a higher BMI for children from lower SEP families. An interactive effect between family SEP and ECEC center sports focus was found. Boys with low family SEP not attending a sports-focused ECEC center had the highest BMI among all boys. In contrast, boys with low family SEP attending a sports-focused ECEC center had the lowest BMI. For girls, no association regarding ECEC center focus or interactive effects emerged. Girls with a high SEP had the lowest BMI, independent of the ECEC center focus. Conclusion We provided evidence for the gender-specific relevance of sports-focused ECEC centers for the prevention of overweight. Especially boys from low SEP families benefited from a sports focus, whereas for girls the family's SEP was more relevant. As a consequence, gender differences in determinants for BMI at different levels and their interaction should be considered in further research and preventive measures. Our research indicates that ECEC centers may decrease health inequalities by providing opportunities for physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Mayer
- Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health (CPD), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Raphael M. Herr
- Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health (CPD), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Klein
- Max-Weber-Institute of Sociology, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Wiedemann
- Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health (CPD), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katharina Diehl
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hoffmann
- Department of Public Health, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Blume
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dennis Jepsen
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Leonie Sundmacher
- Chair of Health Economics, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Marike Andreas
- Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health (CPD), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sven Schneider
- Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health (CPD), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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29
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Orry S, Dalstrup Jakobsen D, Kristensen NM, Meldgaard Bruun J. Uric acid and sCD163 as biomarkers for metabolic dysfunction and MAFLD in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2023; 0:jpem-2023-0228. [PMID: 37285233 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2023-0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The prevalence of childhood obesity increases globally, and noninvasive methods are needed to identify metabolic dysfunction and obesity-related complications such as pediatric metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). We investigated whether uric acid (UA) and the macrophage marker soluble form of cysteine scavenger receptor CD163 (sCD163) can be used as biomarkers for deteriorated metabolism or pediatric MAFLD in children with overweight or obesity. METHODS Cross-sectional clinical and biochemical data from 94 children with overweight or obesity was included. Surrogate liver markers were calculated, and correlations were investigated using Pearson's or Spearman's correlation test. RESULTS UA and sCD163 correlated with BMI standard deviation score (r=0.23, p<0.05; r=0.33, p<0.01) and body fat (r=0.24, p<0.05; r=0.27, p=0.01). UA correlated with triglycerides (ρ=0.21, p<0.05), fat free mass (r=0.33, p<0.01), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (r=0.39, p<0.01). sCD163 correlated with the pediatric NAFLD fibrosis score (r=0.28, p<0.01) and alanine aminotransferase (r=0.28, p<0.01). No correlation was found between UA and pediatric MAFLD. CONCLUSIONS UA and sCD163 was identified as markers of a deranged metabolic profile, thus acting as easily accessible biomarkers for obesity and an obesity-related deranged metabolism. Furthermore, increasing levels of sCD163 could be a useful biomarker of pediatric MAFLD. Future prospective studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Orry
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dorthe Dalstrup Jakobsen
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish National Center for Obesity, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jens Meldgaard Bruun
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish National Center for Obesity, Aarhus, Denmark
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30
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Artymiak P, Żegleń M, Kowal M, Woronkowicz A, Kryst Ł. Changes in the prevalence of underweight, overweight, obesity and excessive adiposity among adolescents from Kraków (Poland) in the years 1983-2020. Am J Hum Biol 2023; 35:e23866. [PMID: 36695477 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Improved living conditions affect lifestyles and may contribute to the increased prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents. The aim of the study was to analyze changes in the prevalence of underweight, overweight, obesity as well as excessive adiposity among teenagers from Kraków (Poland). METHODS The study was conducted in four series in the years: 1983, 2000, 2010, and 2020. The study group included 1759 boys and 1699 girls aged 16-18 years. body mass index (BMI) was calculated on the basis of body height and weight. Adiposity was measured by bioimpedance method. Participants were grouped according to BMI categories using Cole's cut-off points and according to adiposity based on mean and standard deviations values. The significance of the differences between cohorts was assessed by the Chi-square test. RESULTS Secular increase in the prevalence of underweight and overweight was observed among girls in most age groups. An increase in the prevalence of high body fat was also observed among 16- and 17-year-old girls - the opposite trend was noted in 18-year-old girls. Contemporary boys had an increased prevalence of overweight and obesity in each age group. CONCLUSION There was a significant increase in the prevalence of body weight abnormalities in the study population. The observed results may be related to socio-economic changes that adversely affect the lifestyle of the society. The results are also important in terms of the health of future generations and may be helpful in the development of new prevention and intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Artymiak
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Żegleń
- Pain Research Group, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kowal
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Woronkowicz
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Kryst
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland
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31
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Killedar A, Lung T, Taylor RW, Hayes A. Modelled Distributional Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Childhood Obesity Interventions: A Demonstration. APPLIED HEALTH ECONOMICS AND HEALTH POLICY 2023; 21:615-625. [PMID: 37221341 DOI: 10.1007/s40258-023-00813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To demonstrate how distributional cost-effectiveness analyses of childhood obesity interventions could be conducted and presented for decision makers. METHODS We conducted modelled distributional cost-effectiveness analyses of three obesity interventions in children: an infant sleep intervention (POI-Sleep), a combined infant sleep, food, activity and breastfeeding intervention (POI-Combo) and a clinician-led treatment for primary school-aged children with overweight and obesity (High Five for Kids). For each intervention, costs and socioeconomic position (SEP)-specific effect sizes were applied to an Australian child cohort (n = 4898). Using a purpose-built microsimulation model we simulated SEP-specific body mass index (BMI) trajectories, healthcare costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) from age 4 to 17 years for control and intervention cohorts. We examined the distribution of each health outcome across SEP and determined the net health benefit and equity impact accounting for opportunity costs and uncertainty due to individual-level heterogeneity. Finally, we conducted scenario analyses to test the effect of assumptions about health system marginal productivity, the distribution of opportunity costs and SEP-specific effect sizes. The results of the primary analyses, uncertainty analyses and scenario analyses were presented on an efficiency-equity impact plane. RESULTS Accounting for uncertainty, POI-Sleep and High Five for Kids were found to be 'win-win' interventions, with a 67% and 100% probability, respectively, of generating a net health benefit and positive equity impact compared with control. POI-Combo was found to be a 'lose-lose' intervention, with a 91% probability of producing a net health loss and a negative equity impact compared with control. Scenario analyses indicated that SEP-specific effect sizes were highly influential on equity impact estimates for POI-Combo and High Five for Kids, while health system marginal productivity and opportunity cost distribution assumptions primarily influenced the net health benefit and equity impact of POI-Combo. CONCLUSIONS These analyses demonstrated that distributional cost-effectiveness analyses using a fit-for-purpose model are appropriate for differentiating and communicating the efficiency and equity impacts of childhood obesity interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anagha Killedar
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Thomas Lung
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2042, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachael W Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Alison Hayes
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Chou PY, Chen PR, Lin YC, Pai BCJ, Lo LJ. Effect of body mass index on progressive bone mineral density in patients with cleft after secondary alveolar bone grafting. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2023; 83:396-403. [PMID: 37302245 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although childhood obesity matters, the association between body mass index (BMI) and bone mineral density (BMD) progression in grafted tissue after secondary alveolar bone grafting (ABG) for children with cleft alveolus is scarcely studied. Accordingly, this study explored the influence of BMI on BMD progression after ABG. METHODS In total, 39 patients with cleft alveolus receiving ABG at the mixed dentition stage were enrolled. Patients were classified as underweight, normal weight, or overweight or obese according to age- and sex-adjusted BMI. BMD was measured in Hounsfield units (HU) from cone-beam computed tomography scans obtained 6 months (T1) and 2 years (T2) postoperatively. Adjusted BMD (HUgrafted tissue/HUpogonion, BMDa) was used for further analysis. RESULTS For underweight, normal-weight, and overweight or obese patients, BMDaT1 values were 72.87%, 91.85%, and 92.89%, respectively (p = 0.727); BMDaT2 values were 111.49%, 112.57%, and 113.10% (p = 0.828); and density enhancement rates were 29.24%, 24.61%, and 22.14% (p = 0.936). No significant correlation was observed between BMI and BMDaT1, BMDaT2, or density enhancement rates (p = 0.223, 0.156, and 0.972, respectively). For patients with BMI < 17 and ≥ 17 kg/m2, BMDaT1 values were 89.80% and 92.89%, respectively (p = 0.496); BMDaT2 values were 111.49% and 113.10% (p = 0.216); and density enhancement rates were 23.06% and 26.39% (p = 0.573). CONCLUSION Patients with different BMI values had similar outcomes (BMDaT1, BMDaT2, or density enhancement rate) after our ABG procedure in the 2-year postoperative follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pang-Yun Chou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Pin-Ru Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Betty Chien-Jung Pai
- Department of Craniofacial Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lun-Jou Lo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Hill D, Conner M, Bristow M, O'Connor DB. Daily stress and eating behaviors in adolescents and young adults: Investigating the role of cortisol reactivity and eating styles. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 153:106105. [PMID: 37028138 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Stress-related eating has been well documented in previous literature. However, there is limited research investigating the role of cortisol reactivity in daily stress-eating associations in samples of adolescents and young adults. 123 participants completed a baseline questionnaire and the Trier Social Stress Test in groups. Four saliva samples were taken at - 10, + 00, + 10 and + 40 min during the stress-induction task. Following this, participants completed an online daily diary each evening for 14 consecutive days to record daily stress and between-meal snack consumption. Multilevel modelling indicated that daily stress was positively associated with daily snack intake, particularly for ego-threatening and work/academic stressors. Emotional and external eating styles were found to moderate the stress-snacking relationship. Cortisol reactivity also moderated stress-eating associations, such that as cortisol reactivity levels increased from lower to higher levels, the impact of stress on eating decreased. The current findings highlight the importance of cortisol reactivity status and eating styles in understanding the complex relationship between daily stress and eating behavior in adolescents and young adults. Future research should continue investigating stress-eating associations in these groups and explore the role of other aspects of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Hill
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Matt Bristow
- Department of Psychology, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
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Charneca S, Gomes AI, Branco D, Guerreiro T, Barros L, Sousa J. Intake of added sugar, fruits, vegetables, and legumes of Portuguese preschool children: Baseline data from SmartFeeding4Kids randomized controlled trial participants. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1150627. [PMID: 37063316 PMCID: PMC10090424 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1150627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe SmartFeeding4Kids (SF4K) program is an online self-guided intervention for parents with the propose of changing parental feeding practices and children’s dietary intake, focusing on the intake of added sugars, fruit, vegetables, and legumes. This paper aims to describe children’s dietary pattern at baseline through a 24-h food recall, the SmartKidsDiet24.MethodsOverall, 89 participants recorded at least one meal of the 3-day food recall. Mean age was 36.22 ± 6.05 years and 53.09 ± 15.42 months old for parents and children, respectively. Of these, 22 participants were considered to have 2 days of near complete 24-h food recalls. Children’s dietary intake are reported for these 22 participants based on parents reports and, thus, represent estimations only, as it remains unknown whether children consumed other non-reported foods.ResultsFruit was the group with the highest daily intake among children (mean 1.77 ± 1.10 portions/day), followed by added sugar foods (mean 1.48 ± 0.89 portions/day), vegetables [median 1.27 (1.64) portions/day] and legumes [median 0.12 (0.39) portions/day]. Fruit intake was positively correlated with vegetable intake (p = 0.008). Regarding Dietary Reference Values accomplishment, 13.6% of children exceeded the daily safe and adequate intake of sodium, 77.3% did not meet potassium and fiber recommendations, and 31.8% did not meet vitamin C recommendations.DiscussionAll children did not meet calcium, vitamin B12 and vitamin D intake recommendations. Our findings further justify the need for dietary interventions in this field, to improve young children’s diets.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04591496.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Charneca
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Gomes
- Research Center for Psychological Science (CICPSI), Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diogo Branco
- LASIGE, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tiago Guerreiro
- LASIGE, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luísa Barros
- Research Center for Psychological Science (CICPSI), Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Sousa
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Joana Sousa,
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Koivumäki T, Jallinoja P. The good, the bad, and the blameless in parenting: a thematic analysis of discussions of childhood obesity on an internet forum. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:452. [PMID: 36890492 PMCID: PMC9993749 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15314-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is affecting an increasing percentage of families globally. For families, obesity is often a tense issue, not least because of the negative stigma and cultural perceptions associated with it. Discussions around childhood obesity do not take place only at home or in healthcare, but increasingly on social media, such as Internet discussion forums. Our aim was to analyse how childhood obesity is discussed on a Finnish online discussion forum by parents of children with obesity and other commenters. METHOD We gathered and analysed 16 discussion threads on childhood obesity taken from a Finnish Internet discussion forum, vauva.fi, between 2015 and 2021 (a total of 331 posts). For the analysis, we chose threads where the parents of a child with obesity took part. The parents' and other commenters' discussions were analysed and interpreted with inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS In the online discussions, childhood obesity was discussed mostly in the context of parenting, parental responsibility and lifestyle choices within the family. We identified three themes that were used to define parenting. In the theme of proving good parenting, parents and commenters listed healthy elements in their family's lifestyle to show their responsibility and parenting skills. In the theme of blaming bad parents, other commenters pointed out mistakes in the parents' behaviour or offered them advice. Moreover, many acknowledged that some factors causing childhood obesity were outside the parents' influence, forming the theme of lifting the blame from parents. In addition, many parents brought up that they were genuinely ignorant of the reasons for their child's overweight. CONCLUSIONS These results are in line with previous studies suggesting that in Western cultures obesity - including childhood obesity - is typically seen as the individual's fault and is associated with negative stigma. Consequently, counselling parents in healthcare should be expanded from supporting a healthy lifestyle to strengthening parents' identity as being good enough parents who are already making many health enhancing efforts. Situating the family in a wider context of the obesogenic environment could ease the parents' feelings that they have failed at parenting.
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Westbury S, Oyebode O, van Rens T, Barber TM. Obesity Stigma: Causes, Consequences, and Potential Solutions. Curr Obes Rep 2023; 12:10-23. [PMID: 36781624 PMCID: PMC9985585 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to examine (i) the aetiology of obesity; (ii) how and why a perception of personal responsibility for obesity so dominantly frames this condition and how this mindset leads to stigma; (iii) the consequences of obesity stigma for people living with obesity, and for the public support for interventions to prevent and manage this condition; and (iv) potential strategies to diminish our focus on personal responsibility for the development of obesity, to enable a reduction of obesity stigma, and to move towards effective interventions to prevent and manage obesity within the population. RECENT FINDINGS We summarise literature which shows that obesity stems from a complex interplay of genetic and environment factors most of which are outside an individual's control. Despite this, evidence of obesity stigmatisation remains abundant throughout areas of media, entertainment, social media and the internet, advertising, news outlets, and the political and public health landscape. This has damaging consequences including psychological, physical, and socioeconomic harm. Obesity stigma does not prevent obesity. A combined, concerted, and sustained effort from multiple stakeholders and key decision-makers within society is required to dispel myths around personal responsibility for body weight, and to foster more empathy for people living in larger bodies. This also sets the scene for more effective policies and interventions, targeting the social and environmental drivers of health, to ultimately improve population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah Westbury
- School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Oyinlola Oyebode
- Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Thijs van Rens
- Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Franssen WMA, Keytsman C, Marinus N, Verboven K, Eijnde BO, van Ryckeghem L, Dendale P, Zeevaert R, Massa G, Hansen D. Chronotropic incompetence is more frequent in obese adolescents and relates to systemic inflammation and exercise intolerance. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 12:194-201. [PMID: 33529767 PMCID: PMC10105027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adults with obesity may display disturbed cardiac chronotropic responses during cardiopulmonary exercise testing, which relates to poor cardiometabolic health and an increased risk for adverse cardiovascular events. It is unknown whether cardiac chronotropic incompetence (CI) during maximal exercise is already present in obese adolescents and, if so, how that relates to cardiometabolic health. METHODS Sixty-nine obese adolescents (body mass index standard deviation score = 2.23 ± 0.32, age = 14.1 ± 1.2 years; mean ± SD) and 29 lean adolescents (body mass index standard deviation score = -0.16 ± 0.84, age = 14.0 ± 1.5 years) performed a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing from which indicators for peak performance were determined. The resting heart rate and peak heart rate were used to calculate the maximal chronotropic response index. Biochemistry (lipid profile, glycemic control, inflammation, and leptin) was studied in fasted blood samples and during an oral glucose tolerance test within obese adolescents. Regression analyses were applied to examine associations between the presence of CI and blood or exercise capacity parameters, respectively, within obese adolescents. RESULTS CI was prevalent in 32 out of 69 obese adolescents (46%) and 3 out of 29 lean adolescents (10%). C-reactive protein was significantly higher in obese adolescents with CI compared to obese adolescents without CI (p = 0.012). Furthermore, peak oxygen uptake and peak cycling power output were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in obese adolescents with CI vs. obese adolescents without CI. The chronotropic index was independently related to blood total cholesterol (standardized coefficient β = -0.332; p = 0.012) and C-reactive protein concentration (standardized coefficient β = -0.269; p = 0.039). CONCLUSION CI is more common in the current cohort of obese adolescents, and is related to systemic inflammation and exercise intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter M A Franssen
- Rehabilitation Research Centre (REVAL), Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt 3500, Belgium; Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt 3500, Belgium.
| | - Charly Keytsman
- Rehabilitation Research Centre (REVAL), Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt 3500, Belgium; Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
| | - Nastasia Marinus
- Rehabilitation Research Centre (REVAL), Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
| | - Kenneth Verboven
- Rehabilitation Research Centre (REVAL), Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt 3500, Belgium; Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
| | - Bert O Eijnde
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt 3500, Belgium; ADLON Sports Medical Center, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
| | - Lisa van Ryckeghem
- Rehabilitation Research Centre (REVAL), Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt 3500, Belgium; Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
| | - Paul Dendale
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt 3500, Belgium; Heart Centre Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
| | - Renate Zeevaert
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
| | - Guy Massa
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt 3500, Belgium; Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
| | - Dominique Hansen
- Rehabilitation Research Centre (REVAL), Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt 3500, Belgium; Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt 3500, Belgium; Heart Centre Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
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Issrani R, Reddy J, Bader AK, Albalawi RFH, Alserhani EDM, Alruwaili DSR, Alanazi GRA, Alruwaili NSR, Sghaireen MG, Rao K. Exploring an Association between Body Mass Index and Oral Health-A Scoping Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13050902. [PMID: 36900046 PMCID: PMC10000970 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal metabolic index (BMI) is a unique anthropometric indicator used to define the relative amount of body fat on an individual's frame. There are many diseases and conditions associated with obesity and underweight. Recent research trials suggest that there is a significant association between oral health indicators and BMI as both are attributed to common risk factors such as dietary, genetic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle issues. OBJECTIVES The main objective of this review paper is to emphasize the association between BMI and oral health with available literature evidence. METHODOLOGY A literature search was conducted using multiple databases comprising of MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, and Web of Science. The terms used for the search were "body mass index", "periodontitis", "dental caries", and "tooth loss". RESULTS In total, 2839 articles were obtained from the analysis of the databases. Unrelated articles from the available full text of 1135 articles were excluded. The main reasons for excluding the articles were: they were dietary guidelines and policy statements. A total of 66 studies were finally included in the review. CONCLUSION The presence of dental caries, periodontitis and tooth loss may be associated with a higher BMI or obesity, whereas, improved oral health might be associated with lower BMI. Promoting general and oral health should be a hand in hand feature, as common risk factors can be embattled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi Issrani
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, SBV University, Puducherry 607402, India
- Correspondence: or
| | - Jagat Reddy
- Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, SBV University, Puducherry 607402, India
| | - Alzarea K. Bader
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mohammed Ghazi Sghaireen
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishna Rao
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
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Nkomo NY, Simo-Kengne BD, Biyase M. Maternal tobacco smoking and childhood obesity in South Africa: A cohort study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0268313. [PMID: 36757945 PMCID: PMC9910632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco use and obesity are major public health problems and part of the leading causes of preventable disease and death worldwide. The prevalence of overweight children has escalated over the years; making the weight gain in children a critical issue for health professionals and academics alike. This study examines the association between maternal tobacco use and body weight abnormalities among South African children. DATA AND METHODS The study uses data from the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS), conducted from 2008 to 2017. The survey is available in five waves which have been merged into a panel dataset of 211,718 children aged between 0 to 5 years old, drawn from a nationally representative sample of households followed across time. Thus, the subgroup of children aged between 6 and 15 years old was excluded from the analysis. The empirical investigation employs a logistic regression model to estimate the marginal effect of maternal smoking on childhood overweight prevalence measured by three anthropometric based proxies, namely risk of child overweight, child overweight and child obesity. This framework assumes unobserved child characteristics to be uncorrelated with independent variables (random effect assumption); hence allowing to control for time-invariant sociodemographic factors which are likely to affect child nutritional health. RESULTS In addition to sociodemographic and health characteristics of mothers, empirical findings suggest that maternal smoking exhibits a significant odds and/ or probability of weight abnormalities in children. Notably, children of smoking mothers are likely to be obese, overweight, or at risk of becoming overweight with a possible coexistence of mother-child overweight. Similarly, weight irregularities in children are likely to increase with mother's age. Conversely, married mothers although associated with increased odds of children having high BMI, display a reduced probability of children being abnormally weighted. Finally, child support grant has the potential to improve children nutritional health as children whose mothers are recipient of such grant have a negative probability of having high BMI. CONCLUSION Overall, maternal smoking contributes to child overweight and/or obesity in south Africa; suggesting that maternal healthy lifestyle could be an alternative strategic tool to fight against overweight in children. However, mothers' inability to remain and/or follow a healthy life style is plausible as age increases, with spillover effect on child care. Thus, policymakers should prioritize programs to reduce smoking, especially amongst pregnant women and caregivers, to minimise the risk of overweight in children. Promoting the consumption of healthy foods accompanied by physical activity may reduce mothers' stress levels and their incentive to self-medicate using tobacco substances. In addition, comprehensive action programs including child support grant and recommendations for treatment plans that address the problems of children who are already suffering from overweight, remain essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomusa Y. Nkomo
- School of Economics, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Beatrice D. Simo-Kengne
- School of Economics, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Mduduzi Biyase
- School of Economics, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Reproducibility and Validity of a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire for Children Aged 6-12 in Western China. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040856. [PMID: 36839215 PMCID: PMC9959506 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) is often used to assess dietary intake in large-scale epidemiological studies. This study aimed to evaluate the reproducibility and validity of the FFQ newly developed for children aged 6 to 12 in western China. A total of 133 children were included in the analysis, and all the children and their caregivers completed the FFQs twice with a three-month interval period, and three 24 h recalls were carried out one month after the first FFQ. We assessed the relative validity and reproducibility using various methods, such as the Spearman correlation coefficient, intra-class correlation coefficient, weighed Kappa, quartile agreement, and Bland-Altman analysis. The Spearman correlation coefficients for food ranged from 0.30 to 0.84, and for nutrients from 0.46 to 0.82 regarding reproducibility. The food intra-class correlation coefficients ranged from 0.20 to 0.85, while nutrients' ranged from 0.37 to 0.75. In terms of relative validity, the average Spearman correlation coefficients for food were 0.20, and 0.30 for energy and nutrients. The energy-adjusted and de-attenuation coefficients were calculated. Moreover, the average percentage of participants misclassified into the extreme quartile for food and nutrients was 8.0% and 7.0%, respectively. Weighted Kappa values indicated acceptable agreement between the FFQs and 24 h recalls. Furthermore, the percentage of results in the limits of agreement (LOA) were all above 93.0%. In conclusion, The FFQ showed good reproducibility and acceptable relative validity for assessing the dietary intake of children aged 6-12 in western China.
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You-xiang C, Lin Z. Nomogram model for the risk of insulin resistance in obese children and adolescents based on anthropomorphology and lipid derived indicators. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:275. [PMID: 36750783 PMCID: PMC9906839 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to screen for measures and lipid-derived indicators associated with insulin resistance (IR) in obese children and adolescents and develop a nomogram model for predicting the risk of insulin resistance. METHODS A total of 404 eligible obese children and adolescents aged 10-17 years were recruited for this study from a summer camp between 2019 and 2021. The risk factors were screened using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-logistic regression model, and a nomogram model was developed. The diagnostic value of the model was evaluated by plotting the receiver operator characteristic curve and calculating the area under the curve. Internal validation was performed using the Bootstrap method, with 1000 self-samples to evaluate the model stability. The clinical applicability of the model was assessed by plotting the clinical decision curve. RESULTS On the basis of the LASSO regression analysis results, three lipid-related derivatives, TG/HDL-c, TC/HDL-c, and LDL-c/HDL-c, were finally included in the IR risk prediction model. The nomogram model AUC was 0.804 (95% CI: 0.760 to 0.849). Internal validation results show a C-Index of 0.799, and the mean absolute error between the predicted and actual risks of IR was 0.015. The results of the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test show a good model prediction (χ2 = 9.523, P = 0.300). CONCLUSION Three early warning factors, TG/HDL-c, TC/HDL-c, and LDL-c/HDL-c, were screened, which can effectively predict the risk of developing IR in obese children and adolescents, and the nomogram model has an eligible diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao You-xiang
- grid.443378.f0000 0001 0483 836XGraduate Department, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province China
| | - Zhu Lin
- School of Sport & Health, Guangzhou Sport University, No. 1268, Guangzhou Avenue Middle, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China.
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Hampl SE, Hassink SG, Skinner AC, Armstrong SC, Barlow SE, Bolling CF, Avila Edwards KC, Eneli I, Hamre R, Joseph MM, Lunsford D, Mendonca E, Michalsky MP, Mirza N, Ochoa ER, Sharifi M, Staiano AE, Weedn AE, Flinn SK, Lindros J, Okechukwu K. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Obesity. Pediatrics 2023; 151:e2022060640. [PMID: 36622115 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-060640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 277.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Guidry JPD, Miller CA, Hayes R, Ksinan AJ, Carlyle KE, Fuemmeler BF. Reading, sharing, creating Pinterest recipes: Parental engagement and feeding behaviors. Appetite 2023; 180:106287. [PMID: 36174780 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric overweight and obesity are associated with serious health concerns both during childhood and in adulthood. Visual social media platform Pinterest is often used to curate recipe content, but little is known about how, if at all, parents use the platform as a resource for meal planning for their families. This study focused on (1) describing how Pinterest using parents use the platform related to recipe searches and meal planning and (2) examining the association between parental feeding behaviors and frequency of Pinterest use related to recipes. Survey research firm Qualtrics was used to collect a nationwide sample of 659 Pinterest-using parents with children between ages 3-11 years of age. Data collection was initiated and completed in February of 2019. Measures included both parent and child demographics, Pinterest recipe use and engagement, and parental feeding practices using the Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFQ). Results showed that 26.9% of the respondents reported using Pinterest daily to read recipes, 17.9% to share recipes; 14.9% to comment on recipes on Pinterest; 10.3% reported creating and posting new recipes; and 13.8% mentioned making a recipe they find on Pinterest daily. Pinterest engagement was significantly negatively associated with parental age and with income insecurity, while positively associated with level of education. Hispanic participants showed higher levels of engagement as compared to White non-Hispanic participants. Among the CFQ subscales, Pressure and Perceived responsibility were significantly positively associated with Pinterest engagement while Monitoring and Restriction were not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanine P D Guidry
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Robertson School of Media and Culture, United States.
| | - Carrie A Miller
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Department of Health Behavior and Policy, United States
| | - Rashelle Hayes
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, United States
| | - Albert J Ksinan
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kellie E Carlyle
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Department of Health Behavior and Policy, United States
| | - Bernard F Fuemmeler
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Department of Health Behavior and Policy, United States
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Watt T, Beckert W, Smith R, Cornelsen L. The impact of price promotions on sales of unhealthy food and drink products in British retail stores. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2023; 32:25-46. [PMID: 36183337 PMCID: PMC10092217 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We study the health impact of food and beverage price promotion strategies-multi-buy offers and price discounts, typically biased toward unhealthy product categories-in British consumer retail. We are the first to employ econometric models from the marketing literature to analyze the impact of price promotions with a focus on population health. Our dynamic, reduced form demand model incorporates endogenous inventory (stock piling), consumption rates imputed from repeat purchases and allows for unobserved household heterogeneity. We find that removing price discounts is more effective for reducing purchase volume compared to removing multi-buy offers for 10 out of 12 food and drink groups, particularly those products for which price reduction is more common than multibuy. We find that price promotions induce consumption-and waste -through behavioral effects, associated with increased household inventory (stockpiling).
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby Watt
- Department of Public HealthEnvironments and SocietyFaculty of Public Health and PolicyLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM)LondonUK
- The Health FoundationLondonUK
| | - Walter Beckert
- Department of EconomicsMathematics and StatisticsBirkbeckUniversity of LondonLondonUK
| | - Richard Smith
- College of Medicine and HealthUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Laura Cornelsen
- Department of Public HealthEnvironments and SocietyFaculty of Public Health and PolicyLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM)LondonUK
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Dai J, Yang J, Fan H, Wu Y, Wu H, Wang Y, Tung TH, Wang L, Zhang M. Eating order and childhood obesity among preschoolers in China: A cross-sectional study. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1139743. [PMID: 36969294 PMCID: PMC10030843 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1139743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early childhood is a critical period for dietary education and development of good eating habits. However, few studies have investigated the effect of eating order in children and childhood obesity in real-world settings. Objective To examine whether the order in which meats/fish or vegetables are consumed affects the risk of obesity in preschoolers. Methods We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study using a self-administered online survey on the lifestyle and health behaviors of preschoolers in Taizhou, China. A total of 3,200 parents were invited to take part in the survey, and 2,049 of them completed the questionnaire. Children were classified as having a normal weight, overweight, or obesity using the definitions provided by the International Obesity Task Force, and z-scores for body mass index were calculated. We divided the children's eating order at the beginning of the meal into two groups: "vegetables before meats/fish" or "meats/fish before vegetables". We analyzed the relationship between what was consumed first at a meal and the overweight status of each child. Results No difference in body mass index was observed between the children eating meats/fish-first and the children eating vegetables-first during a meal. Children with parents who were affected by obesity were more likely to eat vegetables first. Among children of mothers with obesity, body mass index was significantly higher in the meats/fish-first group than that in the vegetable-first group (2.891 vs. 0.845, P = 0.007). In children whose mothers were affected by obesity, those that ate meats/fish first had a 12.21 times higher risk of being overweight compared with those that ate vegetables first (95% CI:1.22-121.74, P = 0.033). Conclusion Our findings suggest eating vegetables or meats/fish at the start of a meal does not affect weight status in preschoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group) Enze Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Hailing Fan
- Department of Pediatrics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Yixin Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Huilan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Tao-Hsin Tung
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group) Enze Hospital, Taizhou, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- Correspondence: Meixian Zhang Lizhen Wang
| | - Meixian Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- Correspondence: Meixian Zhang Lizhen Wang
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Vega-Salas MJ, Murray C, Nunes R, Hidalgo-Arestegui A, Curi-Quinto K, Penny ME, Cueto S, Lovegrove JA, Sánchez A, Vimaleswaran KS. School environments and obesity: a systematic review of interventions and policies among school-age students in Latin America and the Caribbean. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:5-16. [PMID: 36216909 PMCID: PMC9549440 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid rise in obesity rates among school children in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) could have a direct impact on the region's physical and mental health, disability, and mortality. This review presents the available interventions likely to reduce, mitigate and/or prevent obesity among school children in LAC by modifying the food and built environments within and around schools. METHODS Two independent reviewers searched five databases: MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature for peer-reviewed literature published from 1 January 2000 to September 2021; searching and screening prospective studies published in English, Spanish and Portuguese. This was followed by data extraction and quality assessment using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB 2) and the Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I), adopting also the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Due to the heterogeneity of the intervention's characteristics and obesity-related measurements across studies, a narrative synthesis was conducted. RESULTS A total of 1342 research papers were screened, and 9 studies were included; 4 in Mexico, and 1 each in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Ecuador. Four studies reported strategies for modifying food provision; four other targeted the built environment, (modifying school premises and providing materials for physical activity); a final study included both food and built environment intervention components. Overall, two studies reported that the intervention was significantly associated with a lower increase over time in BMI/obesity in the intervention against the control group. The remaining studies were non-significant. CONCLUSIONS Data suggest that school environmental interventions, complementing nutritional and physical education can contribute to reduce incremental childhood obesity trends. However, evidence of the extent to which food and built environment components factor into obesogenic environments, within and around school grounds is inconclusive. Insufficient data hindered any urban/rural comparisons. Further school environmental intervention studies to inform policies for preventing/reducing childhood obesity in LAC are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Vega-Salas
- Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 7820436, Chile.
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK.
| | - Claudia Murray
- Department of Real Estate and Planning, Henley Business School, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6UD, UK.
| | - Richard Nunes
- Department of Real Estate and Planning, Henley Business School, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6UD, UK
| | - Alessandra Hidalgo-Arestegui
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK
| | | | - Mary E Penny
- Instituto de Investigación Nutricional (IIN), Lima, 15024, Peru
| | - Santiago Cueto
- Grupo de Análisis para el Desarrollo (GRADE), Lima, 15063, Peru
- Departamento de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Peru, Lima, 15088, Peru
| | - Julie Anne Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health (IFNH), University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AH, UK
| | - Alan Sánchez
- Grupo de Análisis para el Desarrollo (GRADE), Lima, 15063, Peru
| | - Karani Santhanakrishnan Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health (IFNH), University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AH, UK
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Friedman N, Erez-Granat O, Inbar A, Dubnov-Raz G. Obesity screening in the pediatric emergency department - A missed opportunity? Heliyon 2022; 8:e12473. [PMID: 36590528 PMCID: PMC9801120 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives There is a low rate of body mass index measurements and obesity screening in primary pediatric care. Pediatric emergency department (PED) visits, with their large volumes and routine weight measurements, provide a unique opportunity to identify and address obesity. The study objectives were to examine the rate of addressing obesity in the PED and to identify its predicting factors. Methods From electronic medical records of PED visits during 2010-2019, we extracted data on age, gender, weight, time, listed diagnoses, and discharge texts. The primary outcome was a listed diagnosis of "obesity" on discharge letters of children with obesity. Secondary outcomes were addressing weight in the discharge letter and written recommendations for obesity-related treatment. Mixed models were used to test for associations between each of the three outcomes and patient/visit characteristics. Results There were 150,250 PED visits by 88,253 different children and adolescents. Obesity was found in 10,691 children (12.1%). Among these, listed "obesity" diagnosis was present in only 240 (1.5%) visits. Text addressing overweight/obesity was recorded in 721 (4.4%) visits, and weight-related recommendations were documented in 716 (4.4%) visits. "Obesity" was documented in females more often than in males, in older children, in children with higher weights, and in visits conducted during the mornings. Conclusions The rate of obesity diagnosis in the PED was extremely low, hence the potential screening ability of the PED in this matter is highly under-utilized. PEDs could increase the recognition of obesity, thus assisting in the global efforts in tackling this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Friedman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,Pediatric Emergency Department, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel,Corresponding author.
| | - Ortal Erez-Granat
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel,Pediatric Emergency Department, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Alon Inbar
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Gal Dubnov-Raz
- The Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Ferreira MS, Marson FAL, Wolf VLW, Zambon MP, Antonio MÂRDGM, Ribeiro JD, Mendes RT. Association between Pulmonary Function and Body Composition in Children and Adolescents with and without Obesity. J Clin Med 2022; 11:7410. [PMID: 36556026 PMCID: PMC9782625 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung function in children and adolescents with obesity must consider the coexistence of two complex and related phenomena: obesity and growth. The assessment of body composition can identify changes in respiratory dynamics arising, exclusively or jointly, from adiposity and lean body mass. This study aimed to compare pulmonary function and the dysanapsis indices of children and adolescents without asthma, with and without obesity, considering body composition, pubertal development, and physical activity practice. We performed a cross-sectional study with 69 participants, 41 (59.42%) of whom have obesity. All participants carried out spirometry and the assessment of, respectively, body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, vital signs, pubertal development, and physical activity practice. In our data, the group with obesity had higher values of forced vital capacity (FVC) and lower values of the ratio between forced expiratory volume in one second and FVC (FEV1/FVC). Analyzing the entire sample, we found a positive correlation between FVC and a negative correlation between FEV1/FVC with fat mass markers. At the same time, inspiratory capacity, expiratory reserve volume, and peak expiratory flow were correlated with lean body mass markers. In addition, participants with obesity presented a lower dysanapsis index. In conclusion, children and adolescents with obesity showed increased FVC and reduced FEV1/FVC. Our findings are possibly related to the increase in fat mass, not to lean body mass. We hypothesize that these findings are associated with the dysanaptic growth pattern, which is higher in obesity, evidenced by the reduction of the dysanapsis index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Simões Ferreira
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
- Laboratory of Lung Function, Center of Investigation in Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
- Teaching and Research Center of Rede Mário Gatti, Campinas 13036-902, Brazil
| | - Fernando Augusto Lima Marson
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
- Laboratory of Lung Function, Center of Investigation in Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, Brazil
| | - Vaneza Lira Waldow Wolf
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
- Laboratory of Lung Function, Center of Investigation in Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Mariana Porto Zambon
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
| | | | - José Dirceu Ribeiro
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
- Laboratory of Lung Function, Center of Investigation in Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Roberto Teixeira Mendes
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
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The Influence of Increased Dairy Product Consumption, as Part of a Lifestyle Modification Intervention, on Diet Quality and Eating Patterns in Female Adolescents with Overweight/Obesity. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9111703. [PMID: 36360431 PMCID: PMC9688836 DOI: 10.3390/children9111703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Our study examined how increased dairy consumption versus habitually low dairy consumption, against a background of healthy eating (and exercise), influenced diet quality, nutrient intake, and snacking in Canadian female adolescents (14.8 ± 2.2 years) with overweight/obesity (OW/OB). We also explored dairy consumption patterns in the group consuming dairy products. Participants were randomized into two groups: higher/recommended dairy (RDa; 4 svg/d; n = 24) or low dairy (LDa; 0−2 svg/d; n = 23). Both groups participated in a 12-week, eucaloric, lifestyle modification intervention consisting of exercise training and nutritional counseling. The intervention increased the total Canadian Healthy Eating Index score (p < 0.001) with no differences between groups. The “other food” sub-score improved more in RDa than LDa (p = 0.02), and the “saturated fat” sub-score increased more in LDa than RDa (p = 0.02). The intervention significantly increased the consumption of dairy-related nutrients more in RDa than LDa (p < 0.05). The intervention also decreased snack size in both groups (p = 0.01) and improved percentage of healthy snack energy intake more in RDa than LDa (p = 0.04). More servings of dairy products were consumed as snacks than at breakfast, lunch, or dinner (p < 0.05). Thus, our study improved diet quality, and dairy product consumption improved intakes of key related nutrients and snack consumption in adolescents with OW/OB.
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Shah AS, Zeitler PS, Wong J, Pena AS, Wicklow B, Arslanian S, Chang N, Fu J, Dabadghao P, Pinhas-Hamiel O, Urakami T, Craig ME. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2022: Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. Pediatr Diabetes 2022; 23:872-902. [PMID: 36161685 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 2018 ISPAD guidelines on this topic, follow-up of large cohorts from around the globe have continued informing the current incidence and prevalence of co-morbidities and complications in young adults with youth-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D). This chapter focuses on the risk factors, diagnosis and presentation of youth-onset T2D, the initial and subsequent management of youth-onset T2D, and management of co-morbidities and complications. We include key updates from the observational phase of the multi-center Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) clinical trial, the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth (SEARCH) study and new data from the Restoring Insulin Secretion (RISE) study, a head-to-head comparison of youth onset vs adult-onset T2D. We also include an expanded section on risk factors associated with T2D, algorithms and tables for treatment, management, and assessment of co-morbidities and complications, and sections on recently approved pharmacologic therapies for the treatment of youth-onset T2D, social determinants of health, and settings of care given COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Shah
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Philip S Zeitler
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jencia Wong
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexia S Pena
- The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Brandy Wicklow
- Division of Endocrinology, Winnipeg Children's Hospital and University of Manitoba, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Silva Arslanian
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes Mellitus, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nancy Chang
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Junfen Fu
- Division of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Preeti Dabadghao
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Orit Pinhas-Hamiel
- Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Tatsuhiko Urakami
- Department of Pediatrics, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maria E Craig
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Pediatrics & Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of NSW Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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