1
|
Kalinovskii AP, Sintsova OV, Gladkikh IN, Leychenko EV. Natural Inhibitors of Mammalian α-Amylases as Promising Drugs for the Treatment of Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16514. [PMID: 38003703 PMCID: PMC10671682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Amylase is a generally acknowledged molecular target of a distinct class of antidiabetic drugs named α-glucosidase inhibitors. This class of medications is scarce and rather underutilized, and treatment with current commercial drugs is accompanied by unpleasant adverse effects. However, mammalian α-amylase inhibitors are abundant in nature and form an extensive pool of high-affinity ligands that are available for drug discovery. Individual compounds and natural extracts and preparations are promising therapeutic agents for conditions associated with impaired starch metabolism, e.g., diabetes mellitus, obesity, and other metabolic disorders. This review focuses on the structural diversity and action mechanisms of active natural products with inhibitory activity toward mammalian α-amylases, and emphasizes proteinaceous inhibitors as more effective compounds with significant potential for clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr P. Kalinovskii
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Oksana V. Sintsova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (O.V.S.); (I.N.G.)
| | - Irina N. Gladkikh
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (O.V.S.); (I.N.G.)
| | - Elena V. Leychenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (O.V.S.); (I.N.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tysoe C, Williams LK, Keyzers R, Nguyen NT, Tarling C, Wicki J, Goddard-Borger E, Aguda AH, Perry S, Foster LJ, Andersen RJ, Brayer G, Withers SG. Potent Human α-Amylase Inhibition by the β-Defensin-like Protein Helianthamide. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2016; 2:154-161. [PMID: 27066537 PMCID: PMC4819454 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.5b00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Selective inhibitors of human pancreatic α-amylase (HPA) are an effective means of controlling blood sugar levels in the management of diabetes. A high-throughput screen of marine natural product extracts led to the identification of a potent (Ki = 10 pM) peptidic HPA inhibitor, helianthamide, from the Caribbean sea anemone Stichodactyla helianthus. Active helianthamide was produced in Escherichia coli via secretion as a barnase fusion protein. X-ray crystallographic analysis of the complex of helianthamide with porcine pancreatic α-amylase revealed that helianthamide adopts a β-defensin fold and binds into and across the amylase active site, utilizing a contiguous YIYH inhibitory motif. Helianthamide represents the first of a novel class of glycosidase inhibitors and provides an unusual example of functional malleability of the β-defensin fold, which is rarely seen outside of its traditional role in antimicrobial peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Tysoe
- Centre
for High-Throughput Biology, Michael Smith
Laboratories, 185 East
Mall, Vancouver, British
Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Leslie K. Williams
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Robert Keyzers
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Department
of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University
of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Nham T. Nguyen
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Chris Tarling
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Wicki
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Ethan
D. Goddard-Borger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Adeleke H. Aguda
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Suzanne Perry
- Centre
for High-Throughput Biology, Michael Smith
Laboratories, 185 East
Mall, Vancouver, British
Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Leonard J. Foster
- Centre
for High-Throughput Biology, Michael Smith
Laboratories, 185 East
Mall, Vancouver, British
Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Raymond J. Andersen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Department
of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University
of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Gary
D. Brayer
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Stephen G. Withers
- Centre
for High-Throughput Biology, Michael Smith
Laboratories, 185 East
Mall, Vancouver, British
Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Heyl DL, Fernandes S, Khullar L, Stephens J, Blaney E, Opang-Owusu H, Stahelin B, Pasko T, Jacobs J, Bailey D, Brown D, Milletti MC. Correlation of LUMO localization with the α-amylase inhibition constant in a Tendamistat-based series of linear and cyclic peptides. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:4262-8. [PMID: 15927835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2005] [Revised: 04/08/2005] [Accepted: 04/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The glycosidase alpha-amylase is responsible for the hydrolysis of alpha(1-->4) glycosidic linkages found in dietary starch as one means for controlling blood sugar level. The effect of alpha-amylase is detrimental, however, in the disease state diabetes mellitus, where blood glucose levels are elevated due to a biochemical defect. Inhibition of the enzyme's activity would reduce glucose absorption by the small intestine. Our objective was to develop small peptides based on essential binding elements of the natural protein inhibitor, Tendamistat. These smaller analogs may be better studied structurally and conformationally to help us understand molecular-level interactions. In addition, we have been able to correlate the activity of our compounds with the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) localization in energy-minimized conformations. The positive charge/LUMO of most active inhibitors is localized on the central Arg residue of the required triplet. This provides a predictive model for the design of active molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah L Heyl
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pflugrath JW, Wiegand G, Huber R, Vértesy L. Crystal structure determination, refinement and the molecular model of the alpha-amylase inhibitor Hoe-467A. J Mol Biol 1986; 189:383-6. [PMID: 3489104 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(86)90520-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The crystal and molecular structure of the alpha-amylase inhibitor Hoe-467A has been determined and refined at high resolution. The polypeptide chain is folded in two triple-stranded sheets, which form a barrel. The topology of folding is as found in the immunoglobulin domains. The amino acid triplet Trp18-Arg19-Tyr20 has an exceptional conformation and position in the molecule and is possibly involved in inhibitory activity.
Collapse
|
8
|
Vértesy L, Oeding V, Bender R, Zepf K, Nesemann G. Tendamistat (HOE 467), a tight-binding alpha-amylase inhibitor from Streptomyces tendae 4158. Isolation, biochemical properties. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1984; 141:505-12. [PMID: 6611258 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1984.tb08221.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Culture fluids of Streptomyces tendae 4158 (ATCC 31210) contain a new kind of polypeptide alpha-amylase inhibitor, tendamistat (HOE 467). Several methods of isolating this inhibitor are described, including two rapid crystallisation methods, which produce homogeneous material. A characteristic of tendamistat is its tight-binding, pH-independent inhibition kinetics and the specific inhibition of the mammalian alpha-amylase form a stoichiometric 1:1 complex, which cannot be separated into its individual components by sodium dodecyl sulphate or molecular sieve chromatography. Studies of the mode of action reveal that the alpha-amylase-inhibiting activity is linked to the intact disulphide bridges of the inhibitor. It is assumed that the multipoint protein-protein bond exists between the enzyme and tendamistat. It is shown that extracellular tendamistat inhibits amylase formed by streptomyces. We therefore assume a regulatory function in the microorganism. By-products of tendamistat, which possess similar enzyme-inhibiting properties, are also described.
Collapse
|