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Badiane AS, Ramarozatovo LS, Doumbo SN, Dorkenoo AM, Mandengue C, Dunaisk CM, Ball M, Dia MK, Ngaya GSL, Mahamat HH, Kalombo H, Bah A, Cá Z, Langa JC, Mohamed AM, Mokomane M, Ahmed SA, Rapalanoro Rabenja F, Hay RJ, Penney ROS, Orefuwa E, Denning DW. Diagnostic capacity for cutaneous fungal diseases in the African continent. Int J Dermatol 2023; 62:1131-1141. [PMID: 37340531 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous fungal infections are very common, especially in poorer communities and with intercurrent HIV infection. Determining the fungal pathogen in skin-related fungal neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) determines optimal therapy. We undertook a country survey across many African countries to determine the diagnostic capacity for skin fungal diseases. METHODS A detailed questionnaire was delivered to country contacts to collect data on availability, frequency, and location of testing for key diagnostic procedures and followed up with 2 rounds of validation by video call and by confirmation of individual country data confirmation by email. RESULTS Of 47 countries with data, seven (15%) and 21 (45%) do not offer skin biopsy in the public or private sector, respectively, but 22 (46%) countries do it regularly, mostly in university hospitals. Direct microscopy is often performed in 20 of 48 (42%) countries in the public sector and not done in 10 (21%). Fungal cultures are often performed in 21 of 48 (44%) countries in the public sector but not done in nine (20%) or 21 (44%) in either public or private facilities. Histopathological examination of tissue is frequently used in 19 of 48 (40%) countries but not in nine (20%) countries in the public sector. The cost of diagnostics to patients was a major limiting factor in usage. CONCLUSION Major improvements in the availability and use of diagnostic tests for skin, hair, and nail fungal disease are urgently needed across Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida S Badiane
- Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Aristide Le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Lala S Ramarozatovo
- USFR Dermatologie-Rhumatologie, de ahead of Dermatologie, Hôpital Universitaire JRB Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Safiatou N Doumbo
- Department of Epidemiology in Parasitic Diseases, University of Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Ameyo M Dorkenoo
- Département des Sciences Biologiques et Fondamentales, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | | | - Cara M Dunaisk
- Health Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Mamadou Ball
- The Faculty of Medicine at the University of Nouakchott and Ministry of Health, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Mariem K Dia
- The Faculty of Medicine at the University of Nouakchott and Ministry of Health, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | | | - Hassane H Mahamat
- L'Association des Vétérinaires Africains (Rég. Afrique Centrale), N'Djamena, Chad
| | - Hortense Kalombo
- Direction des Laboratoires de Santé, Ministère de la Santé Publique, Hygiène et Prévention, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)
| | - Alasana Bah
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Zimania Cá
- Guinea Bissau National Health Center (CENAS), Bissau, Guinea Bissau
| | - Jose C Langa
- Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Ayni M Mohamed
- National Public Health Reference Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Mogadishu, Somalia
| | | | - Sarah A Ahmed
- Center of Expertise in Mycology Radboudumc, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Emma Orefuwa
- Global Action For Fungal Infections (GAFFI), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David W Denning
- Global Action For Fungal Infections (GAFFI), Geneva, Switzerland
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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2
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Cerqueira P, Cunha A, Almeida-Aguiar C. Potential of propolis antifungal activity for clinical applications. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:1207-1228. [PMID: 35592938 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The high incidence of skin diseases of microbial origin along with the widespread increase of microbial resistance demand for therapeutic alternatives. Research on natural compounds has been opening new perspectives for the development of new therapies with health positive impacts. Propolis, a resinous mixture produced by honeybees from plant exudates, is widely used as a natural medicine since ancient times, mainly due to its antimicrobial properties. More recently, antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory activities were also reported for this natural product, highlighting its high potential pharmacological interest. In the present work, an extensive review of the main fungi causing skin diseases as well as the effects of natural compounds, particularly propolis, against such disease-causing microorganisms was organized and compiled in concise handy tables. This information allows to conclude that propolis is a highly effective antimicrobial agent suggesting that it could be used as an alternative skin treatment against pathogenic microorganisms and also as a cosmeceutic component or as a source of bioactive ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Cerqueira
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Cunha
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.,CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Cristina Almeida-Aguiar
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal.,CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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3
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Bongomin F, Olum R, Nsenga L, Namusobya M, Russell L, de Sousa E, Osaigbovo II, Kwizera R, Baluku JB. Estimation of the burden of tinea capitis among children in Africa. Mycoses 2020; 64:349-363. [PMID: 33251631 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tinea capitis is a common and endemic dermatophytosis among school age children in Africa. However, the true burden of the disease is unknown in Africa. We aimed to estimate the burden of tinea capitis among children <18 years of age in Africa. A systematic review was performed using Embase, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews to identify articles on tinea capitis among children in Africa published between January 1990 and October 2020. The United Nation's Population data (2019) were used to identify the number of children at risk of tinea capitis in each African country. Using the pooled prevalence, the country-specific and total burden of tinea capitis was calculated. Forty studies involving a total of 229,086 children from 17/54 African countries were identified and included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of tinea capitis was 23% (95% CI, 17%-29%) mostly caused by Trichophyton species. With a population of 600 million (46%) children, the total number of cases of tinea capitis in Africa was estimated at 138.1 (95% CI, 102.0-174.1) million cases. Over 96% (132.6 million) cases occur in sub-Saharan Africa alone. Nigeria and Ethiopia with the highest population of children contributed 16.4% (n = 98.7 million) and 8.5% (n = 52.2 million) of cases, respectively. Majority of the participants were primary school children with a mean age of 10 years. Cases are mostly diagnosed clinically. There was a large discrepancy between the clinical and mycological diagnosis. About one in every five children in Africa has tinea capitis making it one of the most common childhood conditions in the region. A precise quantification of the burden of this neglected tropical disease is required to inform clinical and public health intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bongomin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Ronald Olum
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lauryn Nsenga
- School of Medicine, Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda
| | - Martha Namusobya
- Division of Pulmonology, Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Laura Russell
- Medical Library, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Emma de Sousa
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Iriagbonse Iyabo Osaigbovo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Richard Kwizera
- Translational Research laboratory, Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joseph Baruch Baluku
- Division of Pulmonology, Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda.,Department of Programs, Mildmay Uganda, Wakiso, Uganda
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Soankasina AH, Rakotozandrindrainy N, Andrianteloasy S, Zafindraibe NJ, Rasamoelina T, Rafalimanana C, Cornet M, Razanakolona LR, Rasamindrakotroka A, Rakoto Andrianarivelo M. Dermatophyte infection caused by Nannizzia gypsea: A rare case report from Madagascar. Med Mycol Case Rep 2017; 20:7-9. [PMID: 30148055 PMCID: PMC6105912 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a rare case of dermatophyte infection of the glabrous skin (Tinea corporis) caused by Nannizzia gypsea (formerly Microsporum gypseum). A 22-year-old Malagasy female who reported close contact reportedly with cats, presented a single round lesion with a peripheral, active, squamous and pruriginous inflammatory bead. Morphologic species identification was confirmed by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the genome. Specific treatment with oral loratadine and topical miconazole cream was effective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Njariharinjakamampionona Rakotozandrindrainy
- UPFR Parasitologie-Mycologie, HU Joseph Ravoahangy Ampefiloha, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Centre d'Infectiologie Charles Mérieux, Université Antananarivo, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | | | | | - Christian Rafalimanana
- UPFR Parasitologie-Mycologie, HU Joseph Ravoahangy Ampefiloha, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Muriel Cornet
- CNRS Grenoble, Institute of Engineering University, TIMC-IMAG, Université Grenoble-Alpes, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Andry Rasamindrakotroka
- Laboratoire de Formation et de Recherche en Biologie Médicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Antananarivo, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Mala Rakoto Andrianarivelo
- Centre d'Infectiologie Charles Mérieux, Université Antananarivo, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Corresponding author.
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5
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Nardoni S, Giovanelli S, Pistelli L, Mugnaini L, Profili G, Pisseri F, Mancianti F. In Vitro Activity of Twenty Commercially Available, Plant-Derived Essential Oils against Selected Dermatophyte Species. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro activity of twenty chemically defined essential oils (EOs) obtained from Boswellia sacra, Citrus bergamia, C. limon, C. medica, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Eucalyptus globulus, Foeniculum vulgare, Helichrysum italicum, Illicium verum, Litsea cubeba, Mentha spicata, Myrtus communis, Ocimum basilicum, Origanum majorana, O. vulgare, Pelargonium graveolens, Rosmarinus officinalis, Santalum album, Satureja montana, and Thymus serpyllum was assayed against clinical animal isolates of Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. erinacei, T. terrestre and Microsporum gypseum, main causative agents of zoonotic and/or environmental dermatophytoses in humans. Single main components present in high amounts in such EOs were also tested. Different dermatophyte species showed remarkable differences in sensitivity. In general, more effective EOs were T. serpyllum (MIC range 0.025%-0.25%), O. vulgare (MIC range 0.025%-0.5%) and L. cubeba (MIC range 0.025%-1.5%). F. vulgare showed a moderate efficacy against geophilic species such as M. gypseum and T. terrestre. Among single main components tested, neral was the most active (MIC and MFC values ≤ 0.25%). The results of the present study seem to be promising for an in vivo use of some assayed EOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Nardoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, viale delle Piagge, 2, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Giovanelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno, 33, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Pisa, via Bonanno, 33, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Linda Mugnaini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, viale delle Piagge, 2, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | - Greta Profili
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, viale delle Piagge, 2, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Mancianti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Pisa, viale delle Piagge, 2, 56100 Pisa, Italy
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Zaki SM, Ibrahim N, Aoyama K, Shetaia YM, Abdel-Ghany K, Mikami Y. Dermatophyte infections in Cairo, Egypt. Mycopathologia 2008; 167:133-7. [PMID: 18972221 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-008-9165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2008] [Accepted: 10/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined dermatophyte infections in patients referred to the Department of Dermatology, EL-Houd El-Marsoud Hospital, Cairo, during March 2004 to June 2005. Of 506 patients enrolled in this investigation, 403 (79.6%) were clinically diagnosed as having dermatophytoses (age range 6-70 years; males 240; females 163). Species identification determined by observation of their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics was complemented with sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA region. The most common dermatophyte infection diagnosed was tinea capitis (76.4%), followed by tinea corporis (22.3%) and tinea unguium (1.2%). The most frequently isolated dermatophyte species was Trichophyton violaceum, which accounted for most (71.1%) of all the recovered dermatophytes, followed by Microsporum canis (21.09%), Trichophyton rubrum (6.2%), and Microsporum boullardii (0.49%); both Epidermophyton floccosum and Trichophyton tonsurans were each only rarely isolated (0.24%).
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Zaki
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia 11566, Cairo, Egypt.
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7
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Papini R, Nardoni S, Ricchi R, Mancianti F. Dermatophytes and other keratinophilic fungi from coypus (Myocastor coypus) and brown rats (Rattus norvegicus). EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-008-0170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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8
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Ngwogu AC, Otokunefor TV. Epidemiology of dermatophytoses in a rural community in Eastern Nigeria and review of literature from Africa. Mycopathologia 2007; 164:149-58. [PMID: 17657581 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-007-9038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2006] [Accepted: 06/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A total of 4,287 primary school children, comprising 1,740 males and 2,547 females in Arochukwu local government area of Abia state Nigeria were examined for clinical signs of dermatophytoses. About 873 (20.4%), consisting of 505 males and 368 females had lesions consistent with dermatophytoses. The disease was more prevalent in males (29%) than females (14.4%) in a ratio of approximately 2:1 (P < 0.05). The infection rate increased from 16.8% in the 4-6 year age group to a peak of 28.1% in the 10-12 year age bracket and dropped sharply to 5.6% in the 16-18 year group. The highest prevalence (39%) was observed among males aged 10-12 years while females 16-18 years had the lowest prevalence (2.5%). Tinea capitis was the predominant clinical type of dermatophytoses, and occurred in 13.7% of the total population studied and 67% of lesion positive cases. Trichophyton soudanense and Trichophyton tonsurans the predominant aetiological agents of dermatophytoses with a prevalence of 26.2% and 21.6%, respectively. Others include Trichophyton mentagrophytes (18.8%), Epidermophyton floccosum (8.3%), Microsporum audouinii (6.4%), Microsporum gypseum (6.0%), Trichophyton rubrum (5.5%) and Microsporum ferrugineum (7.3%), which was isolated for the first time in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada C Ngwogu
- Department Of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, P M B 5323, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
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