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Hu Y, Sun Y, Yuan H, Liu J, Chen L, Liu D, Xu Y, Zhou X, Ding L, Zhang Z, Xiong L, Xue L, Wang T. Vof16-miR-185-5p-GAP43 network improves the outcomes following spinal cord injury via enhancing self-repair and promoting axonal growth. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14535. [PMID: 38168094 PMCID: PMC11017428 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Self-repair of spinal cord injury (SCI) has been found in humans and experimental animals with partial recovery of neurological functions. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying the spontaneous locomotion recovery after SCI are elusive. AIMS This study was aimed at evaluating the pathological changes in injured spinal cord and exploring the possible mechanism related to the spontaneous recovery. RESULTS Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect GAP43 expression in lesion site after spinal cord transection (SCT) in rats. Then RNA sequencing and gene ontology (GO) analysis were employed to predict lncRNA that correlates with GAP43. LncRNA smart-silencing was applied to verify the function of lncRNA vof16 in vitro, and knockout rats were used to evaluate its role in neurobehavioral functions after SCT. MicroRNA sequencing, target scan, and RNA22 prediction were performed to further explore the underlying regulatory mechanisms, and miR-185-5p stands out. A miR-185-5p site-regulated relationship with GAP43 and vof16 was determined by luciferase activity analysis. GAP43-silencing, miR-185-5p-mimic/inhibitor, and miR-185-5p knockout rats were also applied to elucidate their effects on spinal cord neurite growth and neurobehavioral function after SCT. We found that a time-dependent increase of GAP43 corresponded with the limited neurological recovery in rats with SCT. CRNA chip and GO analysis revealed lncRNA vof16 was the most functional in targeting GAP43 in SCT rats. Additionally, silencing vof16 suppressed neurite growth and attenuated the motor dysfunction in SCT rats. Luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-185-5p competitively bound the same regulatory region of vof16 and GAP43. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicated miR-185-5p could be a detrimental factor in SCT, and vof16 may function as a ceRNA by competitively binding miR-185-5p to modulate GAP43 in the process of self-recovery after SCT. Our study revealed a novel vof16-miR-185-5p-GAP43 regulatory network in neurological self-repair after SCT and may underlie the potential treatment target for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Neurological Disease, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Anesthesia Operation, The First People's Hospital of Shuangliu DistrictWest China Airport Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yi‐Fei Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Neurological Disease, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hao Yuan
- Laboratory Zoology Department, Institute of NeuroscienceKunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Jia Liu
- Laboratory Zoology Department, Institute of NeuroscienceKunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Neurological Disease, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Dong‐Hui Liu
- Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Neurological Disease, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xin‐Fu Zhou
- Clinical and Health SciencesUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Neurological Disease, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ze‐Tao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Neurological Disease, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Liu‐Lin Xiong
- Department of AnesthesiologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Lu‐Lu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of BiotherapySichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
| | - Ting‐Hua Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Neurological Disease, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Laboratory Zoology Department, Institute of NeuroscienceKunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
- State Key Laboratory of BiotherapySichuan UniversityChengduSichuanChina
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Rodríguez-Pérez LM, López-de-San-Sebastián J, de Diego I, Smith A, Roales-Buján R, Jiménez AJ, Paez-Gonzalez P. A selective defect in the glial wedge as part of the neuroepithelium disruption in hydrocephalus development in the mouse hyh model is associated with complete corpus callosum dysgenesis. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1330412. [PMID: 38450283 PMCID: PMC10915275 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1330412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dysgenesis of the corpus callosum is present in neurodevelopmental disorders and coexists with hydrocephalus in several human congenital syndromes. The mechanisms that underlie the etiology of congenital hydrocephalus and agenesis of the corpus callosum when they coappear during neurodevelopment persist unclear. In this work, the mechanistic relationship between both disorders is investigated in the hyh mouse model for congenital hydrocephalus, which also develops agenesis of the corpus callosum. In this model, hydrocephalus is generated by a defective program in the development of neuroepithelium during its differentiation into radial glial cells. Methods In this work, the populations implicated in the development of the corpus callosum (callosal neurons, pioneering axons, glial wedge cells, subcallosal sling and indusium griseum glial cells) were studied in wild-type and hyh mutant mice. Immunohistochemistry, mRNA in situ hybridization, axonal tracing experiments, and organotypic cultures from normal and hyh mouse embryos were used. Results Our results show that the defective program in the neuroepithelium/radial glial cell development in the hyh mutant mouse selectively affects the glial wedge cells. The glial wedge cells are necessary to guide the pioneering axons as they approach the corticoseptal boundary. Our results show that the pioneering callosal axons arising from neurons in the cingulate cortex can extend projections to the interhemispheric midline in normal and hyh mice. However, pioneering axons in the hyh mutant mouse, when approaching the area corresponding to the damaged glial wedge cell population, turned toward the ipsilateral lateral ventricle. This defect occurred before the appearance of ventriculomegaly. Discussion In conclusion, the abnormal development of the ventricular zone, which appears to be inherent to the etiology of several forms of congenital hydrocephalus, can explain, in some cases, the common association between hydrocephalus and corpus callosum dysgenesis. These results imply that further studies may be needed to understand the corpus callosum dysgenesis etiology when it concurs with hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis-Manuel Rodríguez-Pérez
- Departamento de Fisiología Humana, Histología Humana, Anatomía Patológica y Educación Física y Deportiva, Universidad de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
| | | | - Isabel de Diego
- Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Aníbal Smith
- Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Ruth Roales-Buján
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Jiménez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Patricia Paez-Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Universidad de Málaga, Malaga, Spain
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He LW, Guo XJ, Zhao C, Rao JS. Rehabilitation Training after Spinal Cord Injury Affects Brain Structure and Function: From Mechanisms to Methods. Biomedicines 2023; 12:41. [PMID: 38255148 PMCID: PMC10813763 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious neurological insult that disrupts the ascending and descending neural pathways between the peripheral nerves and the brain, leading to not only functional deficits in the injured area and below the level of the lesion but also morphological, structural, and functional reorganization of the brain. These changes introduce new challenges and uncertainties into the treatment of SCI. Rehabilitation training, a clinical intervention designed to promote functional recovery after spinal cord and brain injuries, has been reported to promote activation and functional reorganization of the cerebral cortex through multiple physiological mechanisms. In this review, we evaluate the potential mechanisms of exercise that affect the brain structure and function, as well as the rehabilitation training process for the brain after SCI. Additionally, we compare and discuss the principles, effects, and future directions of several rehabilitation training methods that facilitate cerebral cortex activation and recovery after SCI. Understanding the regulatory role of rehabilitation training at the supraspinal center is of great significance for clinicians to develop SCI treatment strategies and optimize rehabilitation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Wei He
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.-W.H.); (X.-J.G.)
| | - Xiao-Jun Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.-W.H.); (X.-J.G.)
| | - Can Zhao
- Institute of Rehabilitation Engineering, China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing 100068, China
| | - Jia-Sheng Rao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.-W.H.); (X.-J.G.)
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Michel-Flutot P, Lane MA, Lepore AC, Vinit S. Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Respiratory Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury: From Preclinical Development to Clinical Translation. Cells 2023; 12:1519. [PMID: 37296640 PMCID: PMC10252981 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
High spinal cord injuries (SCIs) lead to permanent functional deficits, including respiratory dysfunction. Patients living with such conditions often rely on ventilatory assistance to survive, and even those that can be weaned continue to suffer life-threatening impairments. There is currently no treatment for SCI that is capable of providing complete recovery of diaphragm activity and respiratory function. The diaphragm is the main inspiratory muscle, and its activity is controlled by phrenic motoneurons (phMNs) located in the cervical (C3-C5) spinal cord. Preserving and/or restoring phMN activity following a high SCI is essential for achieving voluntary control of breathing. In this review, we will highlight (1) the current knowledge of inflammatory and spontaneous pro-regenerative processes occurring after SCI, (2) key therapeutics developed to date, and (3) how these can be harnessed to drive respiratory recovery following SCIs. These therapeutic approaches are typically first developed and tested in relevant preclinical models, with some of them having been translated into clinical studies. A better understanding of inflammatory and pro-regenerative processes, as well as how they can be therapeutically manipulated, will be the key to achieving optimal functional recovery following SCIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Michel-Flutot
- END-ICAP, UVSQ, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France;
- Department of Neuroscience, Jefferson Synaptic Biology Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
| | - Michael A. Lane
- Marion Murray Spinal Cord Research Center, Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA;
| | - Angelo C. Lepore
- Department of Neuroscience, Jefferson Synaptic Biology Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
| | - Stéphane Vinit
- END-ICAP, UVSQ, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France;
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Bakri AH, Hassan MH, Ahmed AEA, Halim PR, El-Sawy SA, Mohamed MM, Rashwan NI. Biochemical Assessments of Neurotrophin-3 and Zinc Involvement in the Pathophysiology of Pediatric Febrile Seizures : Biochemical Markers in Febrile Seizures. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2614-2619. [PMID: 34406624 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02886-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Febrile seizures (FSs) are a common occurrence in young children and a serious concern in pediatric practice; nevertheless, the causes and mechanisms of FS are still unknown. We hypothesized a relation of neuropeptides such as neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) as well as zinc and the oxidant/antioxidant system with pediatric FS. The study included 100 infants categorized into 50 infants with FS and 50 febrile infants without seizures as controls. Clinical assessments, biochemical assays of NT-3 and GAP-43 using ELISA assay kits, and colorimetric measurements of TAC and Zn were performed to all participants. Overall, significant rises of the values of NT-3 and insignificant increases of GAP-43 were detected in children with FS. At the same time, zinc values and the total antioxidant capacity in serum samples were found to be decreased significantly. In addition, a negative correlation was estimated between NT-3 and zinc levels. Serum NT-3 in diagnosing febrile seizures at cutoff point > 49.62 ng/L showed 100% sensitivity, 46% specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) = 48.1%, and negative predictive value (NPP) = 100% with AUC = 0.678. Significant altered circulating NT-3 and zinc levels in FS may indicate their possible role in the pathogenesis of FS. This may open a way for further research and warrants enlightening of the pathophysiological details of FS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Helmi Bakri
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Mohammed H Hassan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed El-Abd Ahmed
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Pola Rafat Halim
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Samer A El-Sawy
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | | | - Nagwan I Rashwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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Philippot G, Hosseini K, Yakub A, Mhajar Y, Hamid M, Buratovic S, Fredriksson R. Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) and its Effect on the Developing Mouse Brain. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:867748. [PMID: 35391823 PMCID: PMC8981466 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.867748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracetamol, or acetaminophen (AAP), is the most commonly used analgesic during pregnancy and early life. While therapeutic doses of AAP are considered harmless during these periods, recent findings in both humans and rodents suggest a link between developmental exposure to AAP and behavioral consequences later in life. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of neonatal exposure to clinically relevant doses of AAP on adult spontaneous behavior, habituation, memory, learning, and cognitive flexibility later in life using a mouse model. Markers of oxidative stress, axon outgrowth, and glutamatergic transmission were also investigated in the hippocampus during the first 24 h after exposure. In addition, potential long-term effects on synaptic density in the hippocampus have been investigated. In a home cage setting, mice neonatally exposed to AAP (30 + 30 mg/kg, 4 h apart) on postnatal day 10 displayed altered spontaneous behavior and changed habituation patterns later in life compared to controls. These mice also displayed reduced memory, learning and cognitive flexibility compared to control animals in the Morris water maze. An increase of markers for oxidative stress was observed in the hippocampus 6 h after AAP exposure. As AAP is the first choice treatment for pain and/or fever during pregnancy and early life, these results may be of great importance for risk assessment. Here we show that AAP can have persistent negative effects on brain development and suggest that AAP, despite the relatively low doses, is capable to induce acute oxidative stress in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtan Philippot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Molecular Neuropharmacology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Gaëtan Philippot,
| | - Kimia Hosseini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Molecular Neuropharmacology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Armine Yakub
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Molecular Neuropharmacology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yasser Mhajar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Molecular Neuropharmacology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mariam Hamid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Molecular Neuropharmacology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sonja Buratovic
- Department of Organismal Biology, Environmental Toxicology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert Fredriksson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Molecular Neuropharmacology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Sim KH, Lee YJ. Perfluorohexane sulfonate induces memory impairment and downregulation of neuroproteins via NMDA receptor-mediated PKC-ERK/AMPK signaling pathway. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132503. [PMID: 34626661 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) is a widely used industrial chemical detected in human umbilical cord blood and breast milk, and has been suggested to exhibit developmental neurotoxicity. Previous studies on mice reported that neonatal exposure to PFHxS altered neuroprotein levels in the developing brain, and caused behavioral toxicity and cognitive dysfunction in the mature brain. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for PFHxS-induced neuroprotein dysregulation are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the effect of neonatal exposure to PFHxS on memory function using an in vivo mice model. Furthermore, we examined the levels of growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) (biomarkers of neuronal development) and the involved signaling pathways using differentiated neuronal PC12 cells. PFHxS decreased cell viability, GAP-43 and CaMKII levels, and neurite formation. These effects were mediated by the NMDA receptor, PKC-α, PKC-δ, AMPK and ERK pathways. MK801, an NMDA receptor antagonist, reduced the activation of PKC-α, PKC-δ, ERK and AMPK. The activation of ERK was suppressed by pharmacological and knockdown inhibition of PKC-α and -δ. Interestingly, the AMPK pathway was selectively inhibited by inhibiting PKC-δ but not PKC-ɑ. Consistent with PFHxS-induced neuronal death, and GAP-43 and CaMKII downregulation, neonatal exposure to PFHxS caused significant memory impairment in adult mice. Collectively, these results demonstrate that PFHxS induces persistent developmental neurotoxicity, as well as GAP-43 and CaMKII downregulation via the NMDA receptor-mediated PKCs (α and δ)-ERK/AMPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong Hwa Sim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Ju Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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Pretreatment with combined low-level laser therapy and methylene blue improves learning and memory in sleep-deprived mice. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 37:2403-2412. [PMID: 35059872 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and methylene blue (MB) were proved to have neuroprotective effects. In this study, we evaluated the preventive effects of LLLT and MB alone and in combination to examine their efficacy against sleep deprivation (SD)-induced cognitive impairment. Sixty Balb/c male mice were randomly divided into five groups as follows: wide platform (WP), SD, LLLT, MB, LMB (treatment with both LLLT and MB). Daily MB (0.5 mg/kg) was injected for ten consecutive days. An 810-nm, 10-Hz pulsed laser was used in LLLT every other day. We used the T-maze test, social interaction test (SIT), and shuttle box to assess learning and memory and PSD-95, GAP-43, and synaptophysin (SYN) markers to examine synaptic proteins levels in the hippocampus. Our results showed that SD decreased alternation rate in the T-maze test, sociability and social novelty in SIT, and memory index in the shuttle box. Single treatments were not able to reverse these in most of the behavioral parameters. However, behavioral tests showed a significant difference between combined therapy and the SD group. The levels of synaptic plasticity markers were also significantly reduced after SD. There was a significant difference between the MB group and SD animals in GAP-43 and SYN biomarkers. Combination treatment with LLLT and MB also increased GAP-43, PSD-95, and SYN compared to the SD group. We found that the combined use of LLLT and MB pretreatment is more effective in protecting SD-induced cognitive impairment, which may be imparted via modulation of synaptic proteins.
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Scutellarin ameliorates neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy associated with GAP43-dependent signaling pathway. Chin Med 2021; 16:105. [PMID: 34663387 PMCID: PMC8524967 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00517-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) refers to the perinatal asphyxia caused by the cerebral hypoxic-ischemic injury. The current study was aimed at investigating the therapeutic efficacy of Scutellarin (Scu) administration on neurological impairments induced by hypoxic-ischemic injury and exploring the underlying mechanisms. Methods Primary cortical neurons were cultured and subjected to oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD), and then treated with Scu administration. The growth status of neurons was observed by immunofluorescence staining of TUJ1 and TUNEL. Besides, the mRNA level of growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43) in OGD neurons with Scu treatment was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). To further verify the role of GAP43 in Scu treatment, GAP43 siRNA and knockout were applied in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, behavioral evaluations were performed to elucidate the function of GAP43 in the Scu-ameliorated long-term neurological impairments caused by HI insult. The underlying biological mechanism of Scu treatment was further elucidated via network pharmacological analysis. Finally, the interactive genes with GAP43 were identified by Gene MANIA and further validated by qRT-PCR. Results Our data demonstrated that Scu treatment increased the number of neurons and axon growth, and suppressed cell apoptosis in vitro. And the expression of GAP43 was downregulated after OGD, but reversed by Scu administration. Besides, GAP43 silencing aggravated the Scu-ameliorated neuronal death and axonal damage. Meanwhile, GAP43 knockout enlarged brain infarct area and deteriorated the cognitive and motor dysfunctions of HI rats. Further, network pharmacological analysis revealed the drug targets of Scu participated in such biological processes as neuronal death and regulation of neuronal death, and apoptosis-related pathways. GAP43 exhibited close relationship with PTN, JAK2 and STAT3, and GAP43 silencing upregulated the levels of PTN, JAK2 and STAT3. Conclusions Collectively, our findings revealed Scu treatment attenuated long-term neurological impairments after HI by suppressing neuronal death and enhancing neurite elongation through GAP43-dependent pathway. The crucial role of Scutellarin in neuroprotection provided a novel possible therapeutic agent for the treatment of neonatal HIE. Graphic abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-021-00517-z.
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Park SH, Eber MR, Fonseca MM, Patel CM, Cunnane KA, Ding H, Hsu FC, Peters CM, Ko MC, Strowd RE, Wilson JA, Hsu W, Romero-Sandoval EA, Shiozawa Y. Usefulness of the measurement of neurite outgrowth of primary sensory neurons to study cancer-related painful complications. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 188:114520. [PMID: 33741328 PMCID: PMC8154668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal outgrowth of sensory nerves is one of the important contributors to pain associated with cancer and its treatments. Primary neuronal cultures derived from dorsal root ganglia (DRG) have been widely used to study pain-associated signal transduction and electrical activity of sensory nerves. However, there are only a few studies using primary DRG neuronal culture to investigate neurite outgrowth alterations due to underlying cancer-related factors and chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, primary DRG sensory neurons derived from mouse, non-human primate, and human were established in serum and growth factor-free conditions. A bovine serum albumin gradient centrifugation method improved the separation of sensory neurons from satellite cells. The purified DRG neurons were able to maintain their heterogeneous subpopulations, and displayed an increase in neurite growth when exposed to cancer-derived conditioned medium, while they showed a reduction in neurite length when treated with a neurotoxic chemotherapeutic agent. Additionally, a semi-automated quantification method was developed to measure neurite length in an accurate and time-efficient manner. Finally, these exogenous factors altered the gene expression patterns of murine primary sensory neurons, which are related to nerve growth, and neuro-inflammatory pain and nociceptor development. Together, the primary DRG neuronal culture in combination with a semi-automated quantification method can be a useful tool for further understanding the impact of exogenous factors on the growth of sensory nerve fibers and gene expression changes in sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun H Park
- Department of Cancer Biology and Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Matthew R Eber
- Department of Cancer Biology and Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Miriam M Fonseca
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Chirayu M Patel
- Department of Cancer Biology and Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Katharine A Cunnane
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Huiping Ding
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science and Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Christopher M Peters
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Mei-Chuan Ko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Roy E Strowd
- Department of Neurology and Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - John A Wilson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Wesley Hsu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | | | - Yusuke Shiozawa
- Department of Cancer Biology and Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Okada M, Kawagoe Y, Sato Y, Nozumi M, Ishikawa Y, Tamada A, Yamazaki H, Sekino Y, Kanemura Y, Shinmyo Y, Kawasaki H, Kaneko N, Sawamoto K, Fujii Y, Igarashi M. Phosphorylation of GAP-43 T172 is a molecular marker of growing axons in a wide range of mammals including primates. Mol Brain 2021; 14:66. [PMID: 33832520 PMCID: PMC8034164 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00755-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
GAP-43 is a vertebrate neuron-specific protein and that is strongly related to axon growth and regeneration; thus, this protein has been utilized as a classical molecular marker of these events and growth cones. Although GAP-43 was biochemically characterized more than a quarter century ago, how this protein is related to these events is still not clear. Recently, we identified many phosphorylation sites in the growth cone membrane proteins of rodent brains. Two phosphorylation sites of GAP-43, S96 and T172, were found within the top 10 hit sites among all proteins. S96 has already been characterized (Kawasaki et al., 2018), and here, phosphorylation of T172 was characterized. In vitro (cultured neurons) and in vivo, an antibody specific to phosphorylated T172 (pT172 antibody) specifically recognized cultured growth cones and growing axons in developing mouse neurons, respectively. Immunoblotting showed that pT172 antigens were more rapidly downregulated throughout development than those of pS96 antibody. From the primary structure, this phosphorylation site was predicted to be conserved in a wide range of animals including primates. In the developing marmoset brainstem and in differentiated neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells, immunoreactivity with pT172 antibody revealed patterns similar to those in mice. pT172 antibody also labeled regenerating axons following sciatic nerve injury. Taken together, the T172 residue is widely conserved in a wide range of mammals including primates, and pT172 is a new candidate molecular marker for growing axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayasu Okada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Medical and Dental Hospital, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Departments of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kawagoe
- Departments of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yuta Sato
- Departments of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nozumi
- Departments of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yuya Ishikawa
- Departments of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tamada
- Departments of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
- Department of iPS Cell Applied Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamazaki
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yuko Sekino
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yonehiro Kanemura
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yohei Shinmyo
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawasaki
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Naoko Kaneko
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sawamoto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Neural Development and Regeneration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Fujii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Medical and Dental Hospital, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Michihiro Igarashi
- Departments of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
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12
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Sallam A, Mousa SA. Neurodegenerative Diseases and Cell Reprogramming. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4767-4777. [PMID: 32785825 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases have different types according to the onset of the disease, the time course, and the underlying pathology. Although the dogma that brain cells cannot regenerate has changed, the normal regenerative process of the brain is usually not sufficient to restore brain tissue defects after different pathological insults. Stem cell therapy and more recently cell reprogramming could achieve success in the process of brain renewal. This review article presents recent advances of stem cell therapies in neurodegenerative diseases and the role of cell reprogramming in the scope of optimizing a confined condition that could direct signaling pathways of the cell toward a specific neural lineage. Further, we will discuss different types of transcriptional factors and their role in neural cell fate direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Sallam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Governorate, Alexandria, Egypt.,Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and its Applications (CERRMA) Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Governorate, Egypt
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 1 Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA.
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13
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Long-term Changes in the Central Amygdala Proteome in Rats with a History of Chronic Cocaine Self-administration. Neuroscience 2020; 443:93-109. [PMID: 32540363 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is a striatum-like structure that contains mainly inhibitory circuits controlling a repertoire of (mal)adaptive behaviors related to pain, anxiety, motivation, and addiction. Neural activity in the CeA is also necessary for the expression of persistent and robust drug seeking, also termed 'incubation of drug craving.' However, neuroadaptations within this brain region supporting incubated drug craving have not been characterized. Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of protein expression in the CeA of male rats after prolonged (45-day) abstinence from extended-access cocaine self-administration using a quantitative proteomic approach. The proteomic analysis identified 228 unique proteins altered in cocaine rats relative to animals that received saline. Out of the identified proteins, 160 were downregulated, while 68 upregulated. Upregulation of tyrosine hydroxylase and downregulation of neural cell-adhesion protein contactin-1 were validated by immunoblotting. Follow-up analysis by the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis tool revealed alterations in protein networks associated with several neurobehavioral disorders, cellular function and morphology, as well as axogenesis, long-term potentiation, and receptor signaling pathways. This study suggests that chronic cocaine self-administration, followed by a prolonged abstinence results in reorganization of specific protein signaling networks within the CeA that may underlie incubated cocaine craving and identifies potential novel 'druggable' targets for the treatment of cocaine use disorder (CUD).
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14
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Noh MC, Mikler B, Joy T, Smith PA. Time Course of Inflammation in Dorsal Root Ganglia Correlates with Differential Reversibility of Mechanical Allodynia. Neuroscience 2020; 428:199-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Fan X, Yan C, Ma Y, Li L, Zhang M, Zhan J. Effect and mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 on synaptic plasticity of oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced neuronal injury. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_541_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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16
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Osswald M, Jung E, Wick W, Winkler F. Tunneling nanotube‐like structures in brain tumors. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Osswald
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor DiseasesUniversity Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Erik Jung
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor DiseasesUniversity Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wick
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor DiseasesUniversity Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Winkler
- Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor DiseasesUniversity Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
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17
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Guo T, Yang X, Deng J, Zhu L, Wang B, Hao S. Keratin nanoparticles-coating electrospun PVA nanofibers for potential neural tissue applications. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 30:9. [PMID: 30594975 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6207-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Keratin has the potential to improve biocompatibility and bioactivity of polymeric nanofibers. However, the addition of keratin into the blend nanofiber would decrease the mechanical properties of nanofibers due to the poor spinnability of keratin, and caused inhomogeneous distribution of keratin inside the nanofibers. Therefore, polymeric nanofibers surface-modified with keratin nanoparticles would improve the hydrophility and mechanical property. In this study, keratose (oxidative keratin, KOS) nanoparticles-coating PVA nanofibers (KNPs/PVA) were fabricated by electrospray deposition after electrospinning and acted on neural cells. The chemical conformation, mechanical properties and wettability of KNPs/PVA nanofibers were characterized. The KNPs/PVA nanofibers provided better wettability and stronger mechanical properties compared to KOS/PVA blend nanofibers at the same mass ratio of KOS to PVA. Furthermore, KNPs/PVA nanofibers displayed better cyto-biocompatibility in terms of cell morphology, adhesion and proliferation compared with PVA nanofibers and KOS/PVA blend nanofibers. These results suggested that polymeric nanofibers surface-modified with KOS nanoparticles can provide superior wettability, mechanical properties and biocompatibility by comparison with the blend nanofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Medical Technology Department, Dehong Vocational College, Dehong, 678400, Yunnan, China
| | - Jia Deng
- College of Environment and Resources, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Liancai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Bochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Shilei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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18
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Rot U, Sandelius Å, Emeršič A, Zetterberg H, Blennow K. Cerebrospinal fluid GAP-43 in early multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin 2018; 4:2055217318792931. [PMID: 30094057 PMCID: PMC6081760 DOI: 10.1177/2055217318792931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective Novel biomarkers identifying and predicting disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS) would be valuable for primary diagnosis and as outcome measures for monitoring therapeutic effects in clinical trials. Axonal loss is present from the earliest stages of MS and correlates with disability measures. Growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) is a presynaptic protein with induced expression during axonal growth. We hypothesized this protein could serve as a biomarker of axonal regeneration capacity in MS. Methods We developed a novel GAP-43 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantification in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and measured GAP-43 levels in 71 patients with clinically isolated syndrome, 139 MS patients and 51 controls. Results GAP-43 concentrations were similar in patients and controls. Nevertheless, GAP-43 levels were higher in patients with >10 T2-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions (p = 0.005). CSF GAP-43 concentrations correlated with CSF mononuclear cell counts (p = 0.031) and were inversely correlated with patient age (p = 0.038) with a trend for higher CSF GAP-43 concentrations in patients with gadolinium-enhancing MRI lesions and positive CSF oligoclonal immunoglobulin G status. Conclusion Our results suggest that axonal regeneration capacity is relatively preserved in early MS. CSF GAP-43 concentration is positively associated with markers of inflammation, suggesting possible inflammatory-driven expression of this growth-associated protein in early MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Rot
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Å Sandelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Emeršič
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - H Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, United Kingdom
| | - K Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden.,U.R. and Å.S. contributed equally to this work
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19
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Fernström E, Minta K, Andreasson U, Sandelius Å, Wasling P, Brinkmalm A, Höglund K, Blennow K, Nyman J, Zetterberg H, Kalm M. Cerebrospinal fluid markers of extracellular matrix remodelling, synaptic plasticity and neuroinflammation before and after cranial radiotherapy. J Intern Med 2018; 284:211-225. [PMID: 29664192 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in the treatment of brain tumours have increased the number of long-term survivors, but at the cost of side effects following cranial radiotherapy ranging from neurocognitive deficits to outright tissue necrosis. At present, there are no tools reflecting the molecular mechanisms underlying such side effects, and thus no means to evaluate interventional effects after cranial radiotherapy. Therefore, fluid biomarkers are of great clinical interest. OBJECTIVE Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of proteins involved in inflammatory signalling, synaptic plasticity and extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity were investigated following radiotherapy to the brain. METHODS Patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) eligible for prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) were asked to participate in the study. PCI was prescribed either as 2 Gy/fraction to a total dose of 30 Gy (limited disease) or 4 Gy/fraction to 20 Gy (extensive disease). CSF was collected by lumbar puncture at baseline, 3 months and 1 year following PCI. Protein concentrations were measured using immunobased assays or mass spectrometry. RESULTS The inflammatory markers IL-15, IL-16 and MCP-1/CCL2 were elevated in CSF 3 months following PCI compared to baseline. The plasticity marker GAP-43 was elevated 3 months following PCI, and the same trend was seen for SNAP-25, but not for SYT1. The investigated ECM proteins, brevican and neurocan, showed a decline following PCI. There was a strong correlation between the progressive decline of soluble APPα and brevican levels. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first time ECM-related proteins have been shown to be affected by cranial radiotherapy in patients with cancer. These findings may help us to get a better understanding of the mechanisms behind side effects following radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fernström
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - K Minta
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - U Andreasson
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Å Sandelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - P Wasling
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Brinkmalm
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - K Höglund
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - K Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J Nyman
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - H Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK
| | - M Kalm
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology at the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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20
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Vogelaar CF, Mandal S, Lerch S, Birkner K, Birkenstock J, Bühler U, Schnatz A, Raine CS, Bittner S, Vogt J, Kipnis J, Nitsch R, Zipp F. Fast direct neuronal signaling via the IL-4 receptor as therapeutic target in neuroinflammation. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:10/430/eaao2304. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aao2304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Jarero-Basulto JJ, Gasca-Martínez Y, Rivera-Cervantes MC, Ureña-Guerrero ME, Feria-Velasco AI, Beas-Zarate C. Interactions Between Epilepsy and Plasticity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11010017. [PMID: 29414852 PMCID: PMC5874713 DOI: 10.3390/ph11010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Undoubtedly, one of the most interesting topics in the field of neuroscience is the ability of the central nervous system to respond to different stimuli (normal or pathological) by modifying its structure and function, either transiently or permanently, by generating neural cells and new connections in a process known as neuroplasticity. According to the large amount of evidence reported in the literature, many stimuli, such as environmental pressures, changes in the internal dynamic steady state of the organism and even injuries or illnesses (e.g., epilepsy) may induce neuroplasticity. Epilepsy and neuroplasticity seem to be closely related, as the two processes could positively affect one another. Thus, in this review, we analysed some neuroplastic changes triggered in the hippocampus in response to seizure-induced neuronal damage and how these changes could lead to the establishment of temporal lobe epilepsy, the most common type of focal human epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J Jarero-Basulto
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Cell and Molecular Biology Department, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, 45220 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Yadira Gasca-Martínez
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Cell and Molecular Biology Department, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, 45220 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Martha C Rivera-Cervantes
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Cell and Molecular Biology Department, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, 45220 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Mónica E Ureña-Guerrero
- Neurotransmission Biology Laboratory, Cell and Molecular Biology Department, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, 45220 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Alfredo I Feria-Velasco
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Cell and Molecular Biology Department, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, 45220 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Carlos Beas-Zarate
- Development and Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Cell and Molecular Biology Department, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, 45220 Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico.
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22
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Cui W, Ren Y, Wang S, Zeng M, Han S, Li J, Han R. The role of caveolin-1 in morphine-induced structural plasticity in primary cultured mouse cerebral cortical neurons. Neurosci Lett 2018; 665:38-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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23
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Zhu J, Lu Y, Yu F, Zhou L, Shi J, Chen Q, Ding W, Wen X, Ding YQ, Mei J, Wang J. Effect of decellularized spinal scaffolds on spinal axon regeneration in rats. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 106:698-705. [PMID: 28986946 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Zhu
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Yingfeng Lu
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Fangzheng Yu
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Lebin Zhou
- Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Jiawei Shi
- Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Qihui Chen
- Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Weili Ding
- The People's Hospital of Yuhuan; Taizhou 317600 China
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Yu-Qiang Ding
- Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Jin Mei
- Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou 325035 China
- Anatomy Department; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou 325035 China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Hand Surgery and Peripheral Neurosurgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou 325035 China
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24
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Effects of Gualou Guizhi Decoction Aqueous Extract on Axonal Regeneration in Organotypic Cortical Slice Culture after Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:5170538. [PMID: 29075304 PMCID: PMC5624132 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5170538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Gualou Guizhi decoction (GLGZD) is effective for the clinical treatment of limb spasms caused by ischemic stroke, but its underlying mechanism is unclear. Propidium iodide (PI) fluorescence staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL), immunohistochemistry, western blot, and real-time qPCR were used to observe the axonal regeneration and neuroprotective effects of GLGZD aqueous extract on organotypic cortical slices exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and further elucidate the potential mechanisms. Compared with the OGD group, the GLGZD aqueous extract decreased the red PI fluorescence intensity; inhibited neuronal apoptosis; improved the growth of slice axons; upregulated the protein expression of tau and growth-associated protein-43; and decreased protein and mRNA expression of neurite outgrowth inhibitor protein-A (Nogo-A), Nogo receptor 1 (NgR1), ras homolog gene family A (RhoA), rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK), and phosphorylation of collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2). Our study found that GLGZD had a strong neuroprotective effect on brain slices after OGD injury. GLGZD plays a vital role in promoting axonal remodeling and functional remodeling, which may be related to regulation of the expression of Nogo-A and its receptor NgR1, near the injured axons, inhibition of the Rho-ROCK pathway, and reduction of CRMP2 phosphorylation.
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25
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Zhao YZ, Jiang X, Lin Q, Xu HL, Huang YD, Lu CT, Cai J. Thermosensitive heparin-poloxamer hydrogels enhance the effects of GDNF on neuronal circuit remodeling and neuroprotection after spinal cord injury. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:2816-2829. [PMID: 28593744 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in paraplegia or quadriplegia, and currently, therapeutic interventions for axonal regeneration after SCI are not clinically available. Animal studies have revealed that glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) plays multiple beneficial roles in neuroprotection, glial scarring remodeling, axon regeneration and remyelination in SCI. However, the poor physicochemical stability of GDNF, as well as its limited ability to cross the blood-spinal cord barrier, hampers the development of GDNF as an effective therapeutic intervention in clinical practice. In this study, a novel temperature-sensitive heparin-poloxamer (HP) hydrogel with high GDNF-binding affinity was developed. HP hydrogels showed a supporting scaffold for GDNF when it was injected into the lesion epicenter after SCI. GDNF-HP by orthotopic injection on lesioned spinal cord promoted the beneficial effects of GDNF on neural stem cell proliferation, reactive astrogliosis inhibition, axonal regeneration or plasticity, neuroprotection against cell apoptosis, and body functional recovery. Most interestingly, GDNF demonstrated a bidirectional regulation of autophagy, which inhibited cell apoptosis at different stages of SCI. Furthermore, the HP hydrogel promoted the inhibition of autophagy-induced apoptosis by GDNF in SCI. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2816-2829, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Zheng Zhao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, People's Republic of China.,Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, 570102, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Jiang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang University Mingzhou Hospital, Zhejiang, 315104, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Lin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, People's Republic of China.,Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202
| | - He-Lin Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Dong Huang
- Biopharmaceutical R&D Center of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui-Tao Lu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Cai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, People's Republic of China.,Kosair Children's Hospital Research Institute at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, 40202
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Zakharova FM, Zakharov VV. Identification of brain proteins BASP1 and GAP-43 in mouse oocytes and zygotes. Russ J Dev Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360417030110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Seo DK, Kim JH, Min J, Yoon HH, Shin ES, Kim SW, Jeon SR. Enhanced axonal regeneration by transplanted Wnt3a-secreting human mesenchymal stem cells in a rat model of spinal cord injury. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2017; 159:947-957. [PMID: 28160063 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-017-3097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While pure mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment for spinal cord injury (SCI) is known to be safe, its efficacy is insufficient. Therefore, gene-modified stem cells are being developed to enhance the effect of pure MSCs. We investigated the effect of stem cell therapy through the transfection of a Wnt3a-producing gene that stimulates axonal regeneration. METHOD MSCs obtained from the human umbilical cord blood (hMSCs) were multiplied, cultivated, and transfected with the pLenti-Wnt3a-GFP viral vector to produce Wnt3a-secreting hMSCs. A total of 50 rats were injured with an Infinite Horizon impactor at the level of the T7-8 vertebrae. Rats were divided into five groups according to the transplanted material: (1) phosphate-buffered saline injection group (sham group, n = 10); (Pertz et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:1931-1936, 39) Wnt3a protein injection group (Wnt3a protein group, n = 10); (3) hMSC transplantation group (MSC group, n = 10); (4) hMSCs transfected with the pLenti vector transplantation group (pLenti-MSC group, n = 10); (5) hMSCs transfected with the pLenti+Wnt3a vector transplantation group (Wnt3a-MSC group, n = 10). Behavioral tests were performed daily for the first 3 days after injury and then weekly for 8 weeks. The injured spinal cords were extracted, and axonal regeneration markers including choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43), and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) were investigated by immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, and western blotting. RESULTS Seven weeks after the transplantation (8 weeks after SCI), rats in the Wnt3a-MSC group achieved significantly higher average scores in the motor behavior tests than those in the other groups (p < 0.05). Immunofluorescent stains showed greater immunoreactivity of ChAT, GAP43, and MAP2 in the Wnt3a-MSC group than in the other groups. RT-PCR and western blots revealed greater expression of these proteins in the Wnt3a-MSC group than in the other groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Wnt3a-secreting hMSC transplantation considerably improved neurological recovery and axonal regeneration in a rat SCI model.
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Blaško J, Szekiova E, Slovinska L, Kafka J, Cizkova D. Axonal outgrowth stimulation after alginate/mesenchymal stem cell therapy in injured rat spinal cord. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2017. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2017-066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Thermo-sensitive hydrogels combined with decellularised matrix deliver bFGF for the functional recovery of rats after a spinal cord injury. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38332. [PMID: 27922061 PMCID: PMC5138609 DOI: 10.1038/srep38332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the short half-life, either systemic or local administration of bFGF shows significant drawbacks to spinal injury. In this study, an acellular spinal cord scaffold (ASC) was encapsulated in a thermo-sensitive hydrogel to overcome these limitations. The ASC was firstly prepared from the spinal cord of healthy rats and characterized by scanning electronic microscopy and immunohistochemical staining. bFGF could specifically complex with the ASC scaffold via electrostatic or receptor-mediated interactions. The bFGF-ASC complex was further encapsulated into a heparin modified poloxamer (HP) solution to prepare atemperature-sensitive hydrogel (bFGF-ASC-HP). bFGF release from the ASC-HP hydrogel was more slower than that from the bFGF-ASC complex alone. An in vitro cell survival study showed that the bFGF-ASC-HP hydrogel could more effectively promote the proliferation of PC12 cells than a bFGF solution, with an approximate 50% increase in the cell survival rate within 24 h (P < 0.05). Compared with the bFGF solution, bFGF-ASC-HP hydrogel displayed enhanced inhibition of glial scars and obviously improved the functional recovery of the SCI model rat through regeneration of nerve axons and the differentiation of the neural stem cells. In summary, an ASC-HP hydrogel might be a promising carrier to deliver bFGF to an injured spinal cord.
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Remnestål J, Just D, Mitsios N, Fredolini C, Mulder J, Schwenk JM, Uhlén M, Kultima K, Ingelsson M, Kilander L, Lannfelt L, Svenningsson P, Nellgård B, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Nilsson P, Häggmark-Månberg A. CSF profiling of the human brain enriched proteome reveals associations of neuromodulin and neurogranin to Alzheimer's disease. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 10:1242-1253. [PMID: 27604409 PMCID: PMC5157753 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study is part of a larger effort aiming to expand the knowledge of brain‐enriched proteins in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and to provide novel insight into the relation between such proteins and different neurodegenerative diseases. Experimental design Here 280 brain‐enriched proteins in CSF from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are profiled. In total, 441 human samples of ventricular CSF collected post mortem and lumbar CSF collected ante mortem are analyzed using 376 antibodies in a suspension bead array setup, utilizing a direct labelling approach. Results Among several proteins displaying differentiated profiles between sample groups, we focus here on two synaptic proteins, neuromodulin (GAP43) and neurogranin (NRGN). They are both found at elevated levels in CSF from AD patients in two independent cohorts, providing disease‐associated profiles in addition to verifying and strengthening previously observed patterns. Increased levels are also observed for patients for whom the AD diagnosis was not established at the time of sampling. Conclusions and clinical relevance These findings indicate that analyzing the brain‐enriched proteins in CSF is of particular interest to increase the understanding of the CSF proteome and its relation to neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, this study lends support to the notion that measurements of these synaptic proteins could potentially be of great relevance in future diagnostic tests for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Remnestål
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Just
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicholas Mitsios
- SciLifeLab, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claudia Fredolini
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Mulder
- SciLifeLab, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jochen M Schwenk
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kim Kultima
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena Kilander
- Department of Public Health/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Lannfelt
- Department of Public Health/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Translational Neuropharmacology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Nellgård
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.,Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Häggmark-Månberg
- Affinity Proteomics, SciLifeLab, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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Benedetti E, Di Loreto S, D'Angelo B, Cristiano L, d'Angelo M, Antonosante A, Fidoamore A, Golini R, Cinque B, Cifone MG, Ippoliti R, Giordano A, Cimini A. The PPARβ/δ Agonist GW0742 Induces Early Neuronal Maturation of Cortical Post-Mitotic Neurons: Role of PPARβ/δ in Neuronal Maturation. J Cell Physiol 2016. [PMID: 26206209 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidences support that signaling lipids participate in synaptic plasticity and cell survival, and that the lipid signaling is closely associated with neuronal differentiation, learning, and memory and with pathologic events, such as epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease. The Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPAR) are strongly involved in the fatty acid cell signaling, as many of the natural lypophylic compounds are PPAR ligands. We have previously shown that PPARβ/δ is the main isotype present in cortical neuron primary cultures and that during neuronal maturation, PPARβ/δ is gradually increased and activated. To get more insight into the molecular mechanism by which PPARβ/δ may be involved in neuronal maturation processes, in this work a specific PPARβ/δ agonist, GW0742 was used administered alone or in association with a specific PPARβ/δ antagonist, the GSK0660, and the parameters involved in neuronal differentiation and maturation were assayed. The data obtained demonstrated the strong involvement of PPARβ/δ in neuronal maturation, triggering the agonist an anticipation of neuronal differentiation, and the antagonist abolishing the observed effects. These effects appear to be mediated by the activation of BDNF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Loreto
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT)-CNR, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Barbara D'Angelo
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Loredana Cristiano
- Department of Life Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Michele d'Angelo
- Department of Life Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrea Antonosante
- Department of Life Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessia Fidoamore
- Department of Life Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Raffaella Golini
- Department of Life Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Benedetta Cinque
- Department of Life Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cifone
- Department of Life Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Ippoliti
- Department of Life Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS), Assergi, Italy
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32
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Forsova OS, Zakharov VV. High-order oligomers of intrinsically disordered brain proteins BASP1 and GAP-43 preserve the structural disorder. FEBS J 2016; 283:1550-69. [PMID: 26918762 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Brain acid-soluble protein-1 (BASP1) and growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) are presynaptic membrane proteins participating in axon guidance, neuroregeneration and synaptic plasticity. They are presumed to sequester phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2 ) in lipid rafts. Previously we have shown that the proteins form heterogeneously sized oligomers in the presence of anionic phospholipids or SDS at submicellar concentration. BASP1 and GAP-43 are intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). In light of this, we investigated the structure of their oligomers. Using partial cross-linking of the oligomers with glutaraldehyde, the aggregation numbers of BASP1 and GAP-43 were estimated as 10-14 and 6-7 monomer subunits, respectively. The cross-linking pattern indicated that the subunits are circularly arranged. The circular dichroism (CD) spectra of the monomers were characteristic of coil-like IDPs showing unordered structure with a high population of polyproline-II conformation. The oligomerization was accompanied by a minor CD spectral change attributable to formation of a small amount of α-helix. The number of residues in the α-helical conformation was estimated as 13 in BASP1 and 18 in GAP-43. However, the overall structure of the oligomers remained disordered, indicating a high degree of 'fuzziness'. This was confirmed by measuring the hydrodynamic dimensions of the oligomers using polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis and size-exclusion chromatography, and by assaying their sensitivity to proteolytic digestion. There is evidence that the observed α-helical folding occurs within the basic effector domains, which are presumably tethered together via anionic molecules of SDS or PIP2 . We conclude that BASP1 and GAP-43 oligomers preserve a mostly disordered structure, which may be of great importance for their function in PIP2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana S Forsova
- Molecular and Radiation Biophysics Division, B. P. Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, National Research Centre 'Kurchatov Institute', Gatchina, Russia.,Laboratory of Natural Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladislav V Zakharov
- Molecular and Radiation Biophysics Division, B. P. Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, National Research Centre 'Kurchatov Institute', Gatchina, Russia.,Laboratory of Natural Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Nanotechnology and Telecommunications, Peter the Great St Petersburg Polytechnic University, Russia
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Nie J, Yang X. Modulation of Synaptic Plasticity by Exercise Training as a Basis for Ischemic Stroke Rehabilitation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:5-16. [PMID: 26910247 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0348-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, rehabilitation of ischemic stroke draws more and more attention in the world, and has been linked to changes of synaptic plasticity. Exercise training improves motor function of ischemia as well as cognition which is associated with formation of learning and memory. The molecular basis of learning and memory might be synaptic plasticity. Research has therefore been conducted in an attempt to relate effects of exercise training to neuroprotection and neurogenesis adjacent to the ischemic injury brain. The present paper reviews the current literature addressing this question and discusses the possible mechanisms involved in modulation of synaptic plasticity by exercise training. This review shows the pathological process of synaptic dysfunction in ischemic roughly and then discusses the effects of exercise training on scaffold proteins and regulatory protein expression. The expression of scaffold proteins generally increased after training, but the effects on regulatory proteins were mixed. Moreover, the compositions of postsynaptic receptors were changed and the strength of synaptic transmission was enhanced after training. Finally, the recovery of cognition is critically associated with synaptic remodeling in an injured brain, and the remodeling occurs through a number of local regulations including mRNA translation, remodeling of cytoskeleton, and receptor trafficking into and out of the synapse. We do provide a comprehensive knowledge of synaptic plasticity enhancement obtained by exercise training in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Nie
- Department of Neurology, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Xiang Ya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaosu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, Xiang Ya Road 87, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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Ceber M, Sener U, Mihmanli A, Kilic U, Topcu B, Karakas M. The relationship between changes in the expression of growth associated protein-43 and functional recovery of the injured inferior alveolar nerve following transection without repair in adult rats. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2015; 43:1906-13. [PMID: 26421471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyze the changes in the expression of growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) in trigeminal ganglions (TGs) and in the distal stumps of transected inferior alveolar nerves (IANs), and to clarify the relationship between these changes and functional recovery of the transected IAN without repair using a rat IAN axotomy model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Following transection, GAP-43 expression was measured at multiple time points. The functional recovery of the transected IAN was evaluated based on the compound muscle action potentials recorded from the digastric muscle. RESULTS GAP-43 expression in TGs was significantly higher at 2, 7, 14, 28, and 56 days following IAN transection compared to that in samples from sham-operated rats (p < 0.0005, p < 0.0005, p < 0.0005, p = 0.007, and p = 0.023, respectively). GAP-43 expression in the distal stumps of transected IANs was significantly higher at 2, 7, 14, and 28 days following IAN transection compared to that in samples taken from sham rats (p < 0.0005, p < 0.0005, p < 0.0005, and p = 0.009, respectively). GAP-43 expression in the distal stumps of transected IANs returned nearly to sham levels by day 56 following IAN transection. On days 7, 14, 28, and 56 following transection, the amplitude of the compound muscle action potential gradually increased, the latency gradually decreased, and the duration gradually increased. The amplitude, latency, and duration of the compound muscle action potentials nearly returned to sham levels on post-transection day 56. CONCLUSIONS Time-dependent changes in the expression of GAP-43 in both TGs and distal stumps of transected IANs without repair are synchronously consistent with the regeneration and functional recovery of the transected IAN. The recovery of the amplitude, latency, and duration of the compound muscle action potentials indicates increased myelination and increased axon density of the regenerated nerve fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ceber
- Namik Kemal University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Tekirdag, Turkey.
| | - Umit Sener
- Namik Kemal University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Mihmanli
- Bezmialem Vakif University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ulkan Kilic
- Bezmialem Vakif University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Birol Topcu
- Namik Kemal University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Merve Karakas
- Bezmialem Vakif University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
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35
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Efimova SS, Zakharov VV, Ostroumova OS. Effects of dipole modifiers on channel-forming activity of amyloid and amyloid-like peptides in lipid bilayers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x15030049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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Wang Y, Liu W, Zhang Q, Zhao H, Quan X. Effects of developmental perfluorooctane sulfonate exposure on spatial learning and memory ability of rats and mechanism associated with synaptic plasticity. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 76:70-6. [PMID: 25524167 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to explore the effects of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on cognitive function in developing rats and the underlying mechanism associated with synaptic plasticity. Pregnant Wistar rats were fed with 0, 5, and 15 mg/L of PFOS via drinking water during gestation and lactation. Offspring were exposed to PFOS on prenatal and/or postnatal days by cross-fostering. Spatial learning and memory abilities were tested from postnatal day (PND) 35. We also analyzed the expression pattern of the synaptic plasticity-related genes and proteins in the hippocampus on PND7 and PND35. Results revealed that PFOS exposure reduced the spatial learning and memory abilities of the offspring, particularly of those with prenatal exposure. Meanwhile, protein levels of growth-associated protein-43, neural cell adhesion molecule 1, nerve growth factor, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor decreased on PND35, which are involved in the formation of synaptic plasticity. In contrast, significant increase in gap-43, ncam1, and bdnf genes on the mRNA level was observed on PND7, possibly due to the post-transcriptional mechanism. Results of both behavioral effects and molecular endpoints suggested the high risk of prenatal PFOS exposure. The decline of spatial learning and memory abilities induced by developmental PFOS exposure was closely related to synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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37
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Spitzbarth I, Cana A, Hahn K, Hansmann F, Baumgärtner W. Associated occurrence of p75 neurotrophin receptor expressing aldynoglia and microglia/macrophages in long term organotypic murine brain slice cultures. Brain Res 2014; 1595:29-42. [PMID: 25446435 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Growth-promoting aldynoglia, characterized by the expression of the prototype immature Schwann cell marker p75 neurotrophin receptor (NTR) have been shown to occur in some demyelinating diseases. However, the mechanisms determining the emergence and fate of such cells are largely unknown. This study aimed at the identification of such cells and potential triggering factors using an in vitro slice culture approach. Organotypic cerebrum and brain stem slices of adult mice were cultivated for up to 18 days in vitro. Immunohistochemistry for the detection of p75(NTR), CD107b, periaxin, growth associated protein (GAP)-43, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was performed. The results for p75(NTR) were substantiated by the use of in situ hybridization. Cultivation was associated with a progressively increasing spontaneous occurrence of bi- to multipolar p75(NTR)-positive, but periaxin-negative glia, indicative of aldynoglial Schwann cell like cells. Similar cells stained intensely positive for GAP-43, a marker for non-myelinating Schwann cells. The number of p75(NTR) positive glia did not correlate with GFAP expression, but showed a strong correlation with a remarkable spontaneous response of CD107b positive phagocytic microglia/macrophages. Moreover, aldynoglial p75(NTR) immunoreactivity negatively correlated to neuronal p75(NTR) expression, which was lost during culturing. The present results demonstrate that the cultivation of organotypic murine brain slices is accompanied by a spontaneous response of both microglia/macrophages and p75(NTR) positive cells, suggestive of Schwann cell like aldynoglia. The findings highlights the role of microglia/macrophages, which seem to be an important triggering factor, facilitating the occurrence of this unique type of macroglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Spitzbarth
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Buenteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany.
| | - A Cana
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Buenteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - K Hahn
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Buenteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - F Hansmann
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Buenteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
| | - W Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Buenteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany; Center for Systems Neuroscience, Hannover, Germany
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Buratovic S, Stenerlöw B, Fredriksson A, Sundell-Bergman S, Viberg H, Eriksson P. Neonatal exposure to a moderate dose of ionizing radiation causes behavioural defects and altered levels of tau protein in mice. Neurotoxicology 2014; 45:48-55. [PMID: 25265567 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Medical use of ionizing radiation (IR) has great benefits for treatment and diagnostic imaging, but procedures as computerized tomography (CT) may deliver a significant radiation dose to the patient. Recently, awareness has been raised about possible non-cancer consequences from low dose exposure to IR during critical phases of perinatal and/or neonatal brain development. In the present study neonatal NMRI mice were whole body irradiated with a single dose of gamma radiation (0; 350 and 500 mGy) on postnatal day 10 (PND 10). At 2 and 4 months of age, mice of both sexes were observed for spontaneous behaviour in a novel home environment. The neuroproteins CaMKII, GAP-43, synaptophysin and total tau in male mouse cerebral cortex and hippocampus were analysed 24h post-irradiation and in adults at 6 months of age exposed to 0 or 500 mGy on PND 10. A significantly dose-response related deranged spontaneous behaviour in 2- and 4-month-old mice was observed, where both males and females displayed a modified habituation, indicating reduced cognitive function. The dose of 350 mGy seems to be a tentative threshold. Six-month-old male mice showed a significantly increased level of total tau in cerebral cortex after irradiation to 500 mGy compared to controls. This demonstrates that a single moderate dose of IR, given during a defined critical period of brain development, is sufficient to cause persistently reduced cognitive function. Moreover, an elevation of tau protein was observed in male mice displaying reduced cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Buratovic
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Bo Stenerlöw
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Fredriksson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Synnöve Sundell-Bergman
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Viberg
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Eriksson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
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Buratovic S, Viberg H, Fredriksson A, Eriksson P. Developmental exposure to the polybrominated diphenyl ether PBDE 209: Neurobehavioural and neuroprotein analysis in adult male and female mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:570-85. [PMID: 25194327 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), used as flame retardants in polymer products, are reported to cause developmental neurotoxic effects in mammals. The present study have investigated neurotoxic effects arising from neonatal exposure to PBDE 209, including alterations in sex differences, spontaneous behaviour, learning and memory, neuroproteins and altered susceptibility of the cholinergic system in adults. Three-day-old NMRI mice, of both sexes, were exposed to PBDE 209 (2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-decaBDE at 0, 1.4, 6.0 and 14.0μmol/kg b.w.). At adult age (2-7 months) a similar developmental neurotoxic effects in both male and female mice were seen, including lack of or reduced habituation to a novel home environment, learning and memory defects, modified response to the cholinergic agent's paraoxon (males) and nicotine (females) indicating increased susceptibility of the cholinergic system. The behavioural defects were dose-response related and persistent. In mice of both sexes and showing behavioural defects, neuroprotein tau was increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Buratovic
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Henrik Viberg
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Fredriksson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Eriksson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Carriel V, Garzón I, Campos A, Cornelissen M, Alaminos M. Differential expression of GAP-43 and neurofilament during peripheral nerve regeneration through bio-artificial conduits. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014; 11:553-563. [PMID: 25080900 DOI: 10.1002/term.1949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nerve conduits are promising alternatives for repairing nerve gaps; they provide a close microenvironment that supports nerve regeneration. In this sense, histological analysis of axonal growth is a determinant to achieve successful nerve regeneration. To evaluate this process, the most-used immunohistochemical markers are neurofilament (NF), β-III tubulin and, infrequently, GAP-43. However, GAP-43 expression in long-term nerve regeneration models is still poorly understood. In this study we analysed GAP-43 expression and its correlation with NF and S-100, using three tissue-engineering approaches with different regeneration profiles. A 10 mm gap was created in the sciatic nerve of 12 rats and repaired using collagen conduits or collagen conduits filled with fibrin-agarose hydrogels or with hydrogels containing autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs). After 12 weeks the conduits were harvested for histological analysis. Our results confirm the long-term expression of GAP-43 in all groups. The expression of GAP-43 and NF was significantly higher in the group with ADMSCs. Interestingly, GAP-43 was observed in immature, newly formed axons and NF in thicker and mature axons. These proteins were not co-expressed, demonstrating their differential expression in newly formed nerve fascicles. Our descriptive and quantitative histological analysis of GAP-43 and NFL allowed us to determine, with high accuracy, the heterogenic population of axons at different stages of maturation in three tissue-engineering approaches. Finally, to perform a complete assessment of axonal regeneration, the quantitative immunohistochemical evaluation of both GAP-43 and NF could be a useful quality control in tissue engineering. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Carriel
- Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group), University of Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, Granada, Spain.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences (Histology, Tissue Engineering Group), Ghent University, Belgium.,Doctoral Programmes in Clinical Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Spain, and in Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Garzón
- Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group), University of Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Campos
- Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group), University of Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Cornelissen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences (Histology, Tissue Engineering Group), Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Miguel Alaminos
- Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group), University of Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, Granada, Spain
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Ying Z, Najm I, Nemes A, Pinheiro-Martins AP, Alexopoulos A, Gonzalez-Martinez J, Bingaman W. Growth-associated protein 43 and progressive epilepsy in cortical dysplasia. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2014; 1:453-61. [PMID: 25356416 PMCID: PMC4184774 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43), a marker for axonal growth and synaptic plasticity, as potential substrate for progressive epilepsy and potential predictor of postsurgical seizure outcome in patients with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). Methods GAP-43 immunohistochemistry was performed on cortical specimens from 21 patients with FCD: 12 with FCD type II (IIA or IIB) and nine with FCD type IA. Twenty normal anterior temporal lobe specimens from patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy due to hippocampal sclerosis (mTLE/HS) were used as controls. Semiquantitative analysis of GAP-43 staining patterns was performed. Additionally, GAP-43 immunoblotting was performed on resected tissue from three patients with FCD type IIA/B; GAP-43 protein levels in electroencephalography-verified epileptic, and distal nonepileptic, areas were compared within each patient. Two outcome categories were used: completely seizure free (Engel IA) versus not seizure free. We examined the relationship of GAP-43 scores with epilepsy duration and seizure-free outcome for each of the three pathologies. Results Within-patient GAP-43 expression is selectively increased in the epileptic as compared to nonepileptic cortex. GAP-43 immunoreactivity (IRs) patterns were seen on the cell surface and tubular punctate structures intercellularly only in FCD cortex. Higher GAP-43 scores were correlated (P < 0.0001) with longer epilepsy duration only in FCD IIA/B. Lower GAP-43 scores were associated with better surgical outcome in the same group. No such relationship was observed in FCD IA. Interpretation GAP-43 proteins are not only associated with intrinsic epileptogenicity but may be markers of progressive epilepsy and predictors of postoperative seizure outcome in patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy due to FCD IIA/B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Ying
- Department of Neurology, Cleveland Epilepsy Center, Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Imad Najm
- Department of Neurology, Cleveland Epilepsy Center, Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ashley Nemes
- Department of Neurology, Cleveland Epilepsy Center, Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Andreas Alexopoulos
- Department of Neurology, Cleveland Epilepsy Center, Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - William Bingaman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Epilepsy Center, Cleveland Clinic Cleveland, Ohio
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Mioranzza S, Nunes F, Marques DM, Fioreze GT, Rocha AS, Botton PHS, Costa MS, Porciúncula LO. Prenatal caffeine intake differently affects synaptic proteins during fetal brain development. Int J Dev Neurosci 2014; 36:45-52. [PMID: 24862851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is the psychostimulant most consumed worldwide. However, little is known about its effects during fetal brain development. In this study, adult female Wistar rats received caffeine in drinking water (0.1, 0.3 and 1.0 g/L) during the active cycle in weekdays, two weeks before mating and throughout pregnancy. Cerebral cortex and hippocampus from embryonic stages 18 or 20 (E18 or E20, respectively) were collected for immunodetection of the following synaptic proteins: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), TrkB receptor, Sonic Hedgehog (Shh), Growth Associated Protein 43 (GAP-43) and Synaptosomal-associated Protein 25 (SNAP-25). Besides, the estimation of NeuN-stained nuclei (mature neurons) and non-neuronal nuclei was verified in both brain regions and embryonic periods. Caffeine (1.0 g/L) decreased the body weight of embryos at E20. Cortical BDNF at E18 was decreased by caffeine (1.0 g/L), while it increased at E20, with no major effects on TrkB receptors. In the hippocampus, caffeine decreased TrkB receptor only at E18, with no effects on BDNF. Moderate and high doses of caffeine promoted an increase in Shh in both brain regions at E18, and in the hippocampus at E20. Caffeine (0.3g/L) decreased GAP-43 only in the hippocampus at E18. The NeuN-stained nuclei increased in the cortex at E20 by lower dose and in the hippocampus at E18 by moderate dose. Our data revealed that caffeine transitorily affect synaptic proteins during fetal brain development. The increased number of NeuN-stained nuclei by prenatal caffeine suggests a possible acceleration of the telencephalon maturation. Although some modifications in the synaptic proteins were transient, our data suggest that caffeine even in lower doses may alter the fetal brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Mioranzza
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas/Bioquímica, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Nunes
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas/Bioquímica, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Daniela M Marques
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas/Bioquímica, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Gabriela T Fioreze
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas/Bioquímica, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Andréia S Rocha
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas/Bioquímica, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique S Botton
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas/Bioquímica, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Marcelo S Costa
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas/Bioquímica, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Lisiane O Porciúncula
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas/Bioquímica, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil.
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Elzière L, Sar C, Ventéo S, Bourane S, Puech S, Sonrier C, Boukhadaoui H, Fichard A, Pattyn A, Valmier J, Carroll P, Méchaly I. CaMKK-CaMK1a, a new post-traumatic signalling pathway induced in mouse somatosensory neurons. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97736. [PMID: 24840036 PMCID: PMC4026325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons innervating peripheral tissues display complex responses to peripheral nerve injury. These include the activation and suppression of a variety of signalling pathways that together influence regenerative growth and result in more or less successful functional recovery. However, these responses can be offset by pathological consequences including neuropathic pain. Calcium signalling plays a major role in the different steps occurring after nerve damage. As part of our studies to unravel the roles of injury-induced molecular changes in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons during their regeneration, we show that the calcium calmodulin kinase CaMK1a is markedly induced in mouse DRG neurons in several models of mechanical peripheral nerve injury, but not by inflammation. Intrathecal injection of NRTN or GDNF significantly prevents the post-traumatic induction of CaMK1a suggesting that interruption of target derived factors might be a starter signal in this de novo induction. Inhibition of CaMK signalling in injured DRG neurons by pharmacological means or treatment with CaMK1a siRNA resulted in decreased velocity of neurite growth in vitro. Altogether, the results suggest that CaMK1a induction is part of the intrinsic regenerative response of DRG neurons to peripheral nerve injury, and is thus a potential target for therapeutic intervention to improve peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Elzière
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, I.N.S.E.R.M. U1051, Montpellier, France
| | - Chamroeun Sar
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, I.N.S.E.R.M. U1051, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie Ventéo
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, I.N.S.E.R.M. U1051, Montpellier, France
| | - Steeve Bourane
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Sylvie Puech
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, I.N.S.E.R.M. U1051, Montpellier, France
| | - Corinne Sonrier
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, I.N.S.E.R.M. U1051, Montpellier, France
| | - Hassan Boukhadaoui
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, I.N.S.E.R.M. U1051, Montpellier, France
| | - Agnès Fichard
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, I.N.S.E.R.M. U1051, Montpellier, France
- Department BioMV, University of Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre Pattyn
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, I.N.S.E.R.M. U1051, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Valmier
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, I.N.S.E.R.M. U1051, Montpellier, France
- Department BioMV, University of Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Carroll
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, I.N.S.E.R.M. U1051, Montpellier, France
| | - Ilana Méchaly
- Institute for Neurosciences of Montpellier, I.N.S.E.R.M. U1051, Montpellier, France
- Department BioMV, University of Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
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Cobianchi S, de Cruz J, Navarro X. Assessment of sensory thresholds and nociceptive fiber growth after sciatic nerve injury reveals the differential contribution of collateral reinnervation and nerve regeneration to neuropathic pain. Exp Neurol 2014; 255:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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45
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Riascos D, Nicholas A, Samaeekia R, Yukhananov R, Mesulam MM, Bigio EH, Weintraub S, Guo L, Geula C. Alterations of Ca²⁺-responsive proteins within cholinergic neurons in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 35:1325-33. [PMID: 24461366 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The molecular basis of selective neuronal vulnerability in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains poorly understood. Using basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) as a model and immunohistochemistry, we have demonstrated significant age-related loss of the calcium-binding protein calbindin-D(28K) (CB) from BFCN, which was associated with tangle formation and degeneration in AD. Here, we determined alterations in RNA and protein for CB and the Ca(2+)-responsive proteins Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I (CaMKI), growth-associated protein-43 (GAP43), and calpain in the BF. We observed progressive downregulation of CB and CaMKI RNA in laser-captured BFCN in the normal-aged-AD continuum. We also detected progressive loss of CB, CaMKIδ, and GAP43 proteins in BF homogenates in aging and AD. Activated μ-calpain, a calcium-sensitive protease that degrades CaMKI and GAP43, was significantly increased in the normal aged BF and was 10 times higher in AD BF. Overactivation of μ-calpain was confirmed using proteolytic fragments of its substrate spectrin. Substantial age- and AD-related alterations in Ca(2+)-sensing proteins most likely contribute to selective vulnerability of BFCN to degeneration in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Riascos
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander Nicholas
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Division of Gerontology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ravand Samaeekia
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - M-Marsel Mesulam
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eileen H Bigio
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sandra Weintraub
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ling Guo
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Changiz Geula
- Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Song M, Mohamad O, Gu X, Wei L, Yu SP. Restoration of Intracortical and Thalamocortical Circuits after Transplantation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells into the Ischemic Brain of Mice. Cell Transplant 2013; 22:2001-15. [DOI: 10.3727/096368912x657909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) provides a promising regenerative medicine for stroke. Whether BMSC therapy could repair ischemia-damaged neuronal circuits and recover electrophysiological activity has largely been unknown. To address this issue, BMSCs were implanted into the ischemic barrel cortex of adult mice 1 and 7 days after focal barrel cortex stroke. Two days after the first transplantation (3 days after stroke), the infarct volume determined by TTC staining was significantly smaller in BMSC-treated compared to vehicle-treated stroke mice. The behavioral corner test showed better long-term recovery of sensorimotor function in BMSC-treated mice. Six weeks poststroke, thalamocortical slices were prepared and neuronal circuit activity in the peri-infarct region of the barrel cortex was determined by extracellular recordings of evoked field potentials. In BMSC-transplanted brain slices, the ischemia-disrupted intracortical activity from layer 4 to layer 2/3 was noticeably recovered, and the thalamocortical circuit connection was also partially restored. In contrast, much less and slower recovery was seen in control animals of barrel cortex stroke. Immunohistochemical staining disclosed that the density of neurons, axons, and blood vessels in the peri-infarct region was significantly higher in BMSC-treated mice, accompanied with enhanced local blood flow recovery. Western blotting showed that BMSC treatment increased the expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the peri-infarct region. Moreover, the expression of the axonal growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) was markedly increased, whereas the axonal growth inhibiting proteins ROCK II and NG2 were suppressed in the BMSC-treated brains. BMSC transplantation also promoted directional migration and survival of doublecortin (DCX)-positive neuroblasts in the peri-infarct region. The present investigation thus provides novel evidence that BMSC transplantation has the potential to repair the ischemia-damaged neural networks and restore lost neuronal connections. The recovered circuit activity likely contributes to the improved sensorimotor function after focal ischemic stroke and BMSC transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingke Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Osama Mohamad
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xiaohuan Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Shan Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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de Winter F, Hoyng S, Tannemaat M, Eggers R, Mason M, Malessy M, Verhaagen J. Gene therapy approaches to enhance regeneration of the injured peripheral nerve. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 719:145-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Wei W, Wang Y, Wang Y, Dong J, Min H, Song B, Teng W, Xi Q, Chen J. Developmental hypothyroxinaemia induced by maternal mild iodine deficiency delays hippocampal axonal growth in the rat offspring. J Neuroendocrinol 2013; 25:852-62. [PMID: 23763342 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Iodine is essential for the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones, including triiodothyronine and thyroxine. Thyroid hormones are important for central nervous system development. Mild maternal iodine deficiency (ID)-induced hypothyroxinaemia causes neurological deficits and mental retardation of the foetus. However, the detailed mechanism underlying these deficits is still largely unknown. Given that the growth-associated protein of 43 kDa (GAP-43), semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) and the glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)/collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) pathway are essential for axonal development, we hypothesise that hippocampal axonal growth-related proteins may be impaired, which may contribute to hippocampal axonal growth delay in rat offspring exposed to maternal hypothyroxinaemia. To test this hypothesis, maternal hypothyroxinaemia models were established in Wistar rats using a mild ID diet. Besides a negative control group, two maternal hypothyroidism models were created with either a severe ID diet or methimazole in the water. Our results showed that maternal hypothyroxinaemia exposure delayed offspring axonal growth on gestational day 19, postnatal day (PN) 7, PN14 and PN21. Consistent with this, the mean intensity of hippocampal CRMP2 and Tau1 immunofluorescence axonal protein was reduced in the mild ID group. Moreover, maternal hypothyroxinaemia disrupted expressions of GAP-43 and Sema3A. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of GSK3β and CRMP2 was also affected in the treated offspring, implying a potential mechanism by which hypothyroxinaemia-exposure affects neurodevelopment. Taken together, our data support the hypothesis that maternal hypothyroxinaemia may impair axonal growth of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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49
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Aerobic exercise attenuates inhibitory avoidance memory deficit induced by paradoxical sleep deprivation in rats. Brain Res 2013; 1529:66-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Häggmark A, Byström S, Ayoglu B, Qundos U, Uhlén M, Khademi M, Olsson T, Schwenk JM, Nilsson P. Antibody-based profiling of cerebrospinal fluid within multiple sclerosis. Proteomics 2013; 13:2256-67. [PMID: 23696371 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antibody suspension bead arrays have proven to enable multiplexed and high-throughput protein profiling in unfractionated plasma and serum samples through a direct labeling approach. We here describe the development and application of an assay for protein profiling of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). While setting up the assay, systematic intensity differences between sample groups were observed that reflected inherent sample specific total protein amounts. Supplementing the labeling reaction with BSA and IgG diminished these differences without impairing the apparent sensitivity of the assay. We also assessed the effects of heat treatment on the analysis of CSF proteins and applied the assay to profile 43 selected proteins by 101 antibodies in 339 CSF samples from a multiple sclerosis (MS) cohort. Two proteins, GAP43 and SERPINA3 were found to have a discriminating potential with altered intensity levels between sample groups. GAP43 was detected at significantly lower levels in secondary progressive MS compared to early stages of MS and the control group of other neurological diseases. SERPINA3 instead was detected at higher levels in all MS patients compared to controls. The developed assay procedure now offers new possibilities for broad-scale protein profiling of CSF within neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Häggmark
- SciLifeLab Stockholm, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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