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Podolski-Renić A, Čipak Gašparović A, Valente A, López Ó, Bormio Nunes JH, Kowol CR, Heffeter P, Filipović NR. Schiff bases and their metal complexes to target and overcome (multidrug) resistance in cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 270:116363. [PMID: 38593587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Overcoming multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the major challenges in cancer therapy. In this respect, Schiff base-related compounds (bearing a R1R2CNR3 bond) gained high interest during the past decades. Schiff bases are considered privileged ligands for various reasons, including the easiness of their preparation and the possibility to form complexes with almost all transition metal ions. Schiff bases and their metal complexes exhibit many types of biological activities and are used for the treatment and diagnosis of various diseases. Until now, 13 Schiff bases have been investigated in clinical trials for cancer treatment and hypoxia imaging. This review represents the first collection of Schiff bases and their complexes which demonstrated MDR-reversal activity. The areas of drug resistance covered in this article involve: 1) Modulation of ABC transporter function, 2) Targeting lysosomal ABCB1 overexpression, 3) Circumvention of ABC transporter-mediated drug efflux by alternative routes of drug uptake, 4) Selective activity against MDR cancer models (collateral sensitivity), 5) Targeting GSH-detoxifying systems, 6) Overcoming apoptosis resistance by inducing necrosis and paraptosis, 7) Reactivation of mutated p53, 8) Restoration of sensitivity to DNA-damaging anticancer therapy, and 9) Overcoming drug resistance through modulation of the immune system. Through this approach, we would like to draw attention to Schiff bases and their metal complexes representing highly interesting anticancer drug candidates with the ability to overcome MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Podolski-Renić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Andreia Valente
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Óscar López
- Departamento de Química Organica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Julia H Bormio Nunes
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian R Kowol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Nenad R Filipović
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Iraninasab S, Sharifian S, Homaei A, Homaee MB, Sharma T, Nadda AK, Kennedy JF, Bilal M, Iqbal HMN. Emerging trends in environmental and industrial applications of marine carbonic anhydrase: a review. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:431-451. [PMID: 34821989 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02667-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalytic conversion of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide into commercial products is one of the promising key approaches to solve the problem of climate change. Microbial enzymes, including carbonic anhydrase, NAD-dependent formate dehydrogenase, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase, and methane monooxygenase, have been exploited to convert atmospheric gases into industrial products. Carbonic anhydrases are Zn2+-dependent metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible conversion of CO2 into bicarbonate. They are widespread in bacteria, algae, plants, and higher organisms. In higher organisms, they regulate the physiological pH and contribute to CO2 transport in the blood. In plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria carbonic anhydrases are involved in photosynthesis. Converting CO2 into bicarbonate by carbonic anhydrases can solidify gaseous CO2, thereby reducing global warming due to the burning of fossil fuels. This review discusses the three-dimensional structures of carbonic anhydrases, their physiological role in marine life, their catalytic mechanism, the types of inhibitors, and their medicine and industry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudabeh Iraninasab
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, P.O. Box 3995, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Sana Sharifian
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, P.O. Box 3995, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ahmad Homaei
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, P.O. Box 3995, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | | | - Tanvi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, 173 234, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Nadda
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, 173 234, India
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories, Advanced Science and Technology Institute, The Kyrewood Centre, Tenbury Wells, Worcs, WR15 8FF, UK
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, 64849, Monterrey, Mexico
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3
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Samanta S. Potential Bioactive Components and Health Promotional Benefits of Tea (Camellia sinensis). J Am Coll Nutr 2020; 41:65-93. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1827082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saptadip Samanta
- Department of Physiology, Midnapore College, Midnapore, West Bengal, India
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4
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Tai Y, Ling C, Wang H, Yang L, She G, Wang C, Yu S, Chen W, Liu C, Wan X. Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Regulatory Mechanisms of Theanine Synthesis in Tea ( Camellia sinensis) and Oil Tea ( Camellia oleifera) Plants. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:10235-10244. [PMID: 31436988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tea provides a rich taste and has healthy properties due to its variety of bioactive compounds, such as theanine, catechins, and caffeine. Theanine is the most abundant free amino acid (40%-70%) in tea leaves. Key genes related to theanine biosynthesis have been studied, but relatively little is known about the regulatory mechanisms of theanine accumulation in tea leaves. Herein, we analyzed theanine content in tea (Camellia sinensis) and oil tea (Camellia oleifera) and found it to be higher in the roots than in other tissues in both species. The theanine content was significantly higher in tea than oil tea. To explore the regulatory mechanisms of theanine accumulation, we identified genes involved in theanine biosynthesis by RNA-Seq analysis and compared theanine-related modules. Moreover, we cloned theanine synthase (TS) promoters from tea and oil tea plants and found that a difference in TS expression and cis-acting elements may explain the difference in theanine accumulation between the two species. These data provide an important resource for regulatory mechanisms of theanine accumulation in tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chun Liu
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen , Shenzhen 518083 , China
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Zhao S, Cao W, Xing S, Li L, He Y, Hao Z, Wang S, He H, Li C, Zhao Q, Gao D. Enhancing Effects of Theanine Liposomes as Chemotherapeutic Agents for Tumor Therapy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3373-3379. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Zhao
- Applying Chemistry Key Lab of Hebei Province, Department of Bioengineering, Yanshan University, No. 438 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Cao
- Applying Chemistry Key Lab of Hebei Province, Department of Bioengineering, Yanshan University, No. 438 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Xing
- Applying Chemistry Key Lab of Hebei Province, Department of Bioengineering, Yanshan University, No. 438 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
- Hebei Province Asparagus Industry Technology Research Institute, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Applying Chemistry Key Lab of Hebei Province, Department of Bioengineering, Yanshan University, No. 438 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Yaqian He
- Applying Chemistry Key Lab of Hebei Province, Department of Bioengineering, Yanshan University, No. 438 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Zining Hao
- Applying Chemistry Key Lab of Hebei Province, Department of Bioengineering, Yanshan University, No. 438 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Applying Chemistry Key Lab of Hebei Province, Department of Bioengineering, Yanshan University, No. 438 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
- Hebei Province Asparagus Industry Technology Research Institute, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu He
- Applying Chemistry Key Lab of Hebei Province, Department of Bioengineering, Yanshan University, No. 438 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Li
- Applying Chemistry Key Lab of Hebei Province, Department of Bioengineering, Yanshan University, No. 438 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Applying Chemistry Key Lab of Hebei Province, Department of Bioengineering, Yanshan University, No. 438 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Gao
- Applying Chemistry Key Lab of Hebei Province, Department of Bioengineering, Yanshan University, No. 438 Hebei Street, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China
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Williams J, Sergi D, McKune AJ, Georgousopoulou EN, Mellor DD, Naumovski N. The beneficial health effects of green tea amino acid l
-theanine in animal models: Promises and prospects for human trials. Phytother Res 2019; 33:571-583. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Williams
- Faculty of Health; University of Canberra; Canberra ACT Australia
- Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, University of Canberra; Bruce ACT Australia
| | - Domenico Sergi
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)-Health and Biosecurity; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Andrew J. McKune
- Faculty of Health; University of Canberra; Canberra ACT Australia
- Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, University of Canberra; Bruce ACT Australia
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise (UCRISE); Bruce ACT Australia
- Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences; University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban South Africa
| | - Ekavi N. Georgousopoulou
- Faculty of Health; University of Canberra; Canberra ACT Australia
- Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, University of Canberra; Bruce ACT Australia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education; Harokopio University; Athens Greece
| | - Duane D. Mellor
- Faculty of Health; University of Canberra; Canberra ACT Australia
- Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, University of Canberra; Bruce ACT Australia
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health; University of Canberra; Canberra ACT Australia
- Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, University of Canberra; Bruce ACT Australia
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Altınkaynak Y, Kural B, Akcan BA, Bodur A, Özer S, Yuluğ E, Munğan S, Kaya C, Örem A. Protective effects of L-theanine against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1524-1534. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Characterization and improved properties of Glutamine synthetase from Providencia vermicola by site-directed mutagenesis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15640. [PMID: 30353099 PMCID: PMC6199252 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34022-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel gene for Glutamine synthetase was cloned and characterized for its activities and stabilities from a marine bacterium Providencia vermicola (PveGS). A mutant S54A was generated by site directed mutagenesis, which showed significant increase in the activity and stabilities at a wide range of temperatures. The Km values of PveGS against hydroxylamine, ADP-Na2 and L-Glutamine were 15.7 ± 1.1, (25.2 ± 1.5) × 10-5 and 32.6 ± 1.7 mM, and the kcat were 17.0 ± 0.6, 9.14 ± 0.12 and 30.5 ± 1.0 s-1 respectively. In-silico-analysis revealed that the replacement of Ser at 54th position with Ala increased the catalytic activity of PveGS. Therefore, catalytic efficiency of mutant S54A had increased by 3.1, 0.89 and 2.9-folds towards hydroxylamine, ADP-Na2 and L-Glutamine respectively as compared to wild type. The structure prediction data indicated that the negatively charged pocket becomes enlarged and hydrogen bonding in Ser54 steadily promotes the product release. Interestingly, the residual activity of S54A mutant was increased by 10.7, 3.8 and 3.8 folds at 0, 10 and 50 °C as compared to WT. Structural analysis showed that S54A located on the loop near to the active site improved its flexibility due to the breaking of hydrogen bonds between product and enzyme. This also facilitated the enzyme to increase its cold adaptability as indicated by higher residual activity shown at 0 °C. Thus, replacement of Ala to Ser54 played a pivotal role to enhance the activities and stabilities at a wide range of temperatures.
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Li C, Yan Q, Tang S, Xiao W, Tan Z. L-Theanine Protects H9C2 Cells from Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Apoptosis by Enhancing Antioxidant Capability. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:2109-2118. [PMID: 29629712 PMCID: PMC5907829 DOI: 10.12659/msm.907660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-theanine is a non-protein amino acid in green tea, and its hepatoprotection and neuroprotection have been verified. However, whether L-theanine can prevent cardiomyocytes from apoptosis is unclear yet. This study evaluated the protective effects of L-theanine on H2O2-induced heart injury in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS The certified H9C2 cells were pretreated with L-theanine (0 mM, 4 mM, 8 mM, and 16 mM) for 24 h, followed by 160 µM H2O2 solution for 4 h. The cell viability and antioxidant indices were assayed. Quantitative evaluation of apoptosis was performed by flow cytometric analysis. Nuclear morphology of the cells was monitored by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining. Expression of Caspase-3, poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 was assayed by Western blot. RESULTS Compared to the H2O2 treatment, all doses of L-theanine treatments increased the cell viability, glutathione level, and the activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase (P<0.001). The contents of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and oxidized glutathione were decreased by L-theanine treatments (P<0.001). Meanwhile, L-theanine treatments decreased the apoptosis ratio of H2O2-induced H9C2 cells (P<0.001). Pro-Caspase-3 expression was upregulated and cleavaged-PARP expression was inhibited by L-theanine (P<0.001). However, the phosphorylation of JNK and p38 was not affected by L-theanine treatments (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that L-theanine pretreatment prevents H2O2-induced apoptosis in H9C2 cells, probably via antioxidant capacity improvement. Therefore, it might be a promising potential drug candidate for prophylaxis of ischemia/reperfusion-induced heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjian Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Scienc, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland).,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan, China (mainland).,Department of Pharmacy, Yongzhou Vocational Technical College, Yongzhou, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Qiongxian Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Scienc, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland).,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Provincial Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Function Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Shaoxun Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Scienc, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland).,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Wenjun Xiao
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Provincial Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Function Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Scienc, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland).,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, CICAPS, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
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Wang J, Papanicolau-Sengos A, Chintala S, Wei L, Liu B, Hu Q, Miles KM, Conroy JM, Glenn ST, Costantini M, Magi-Galluzzi C, Signoretti S, Choueiri T, Gallucci M, Sentinelli S, Fazio VM, Poeta ML, Liu S, Morrison C, Pili R. Collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney is associated with CDKN2A deletion and SLC family gene up-regulation. Oncotarget 2017; 7:29901-15. [PMID: 27144525 PMCID: PMC5058651 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic landscape and molecular features of collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) of the kidney remain largely unknown. Herein, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) and transcriptome sequencing (RNASeq) on 7 CDC samples (CDC1 −7). Among the 7 samples, 4 samples with matched non-tumor tissue were used for copy number analysis by SNP array data. No recurrent somatic SNVs were observed except for MLL, which was found to be mutated (p.V297I and p.F407C) in 2 samples. We identified somatic SNVs in 14 other cancer census genes including: ATM, CREBBP, PRDM1, CBFB, FBXW7, IKZF1, KDR, KRAS, NACA, NF2, NUP98, SS18, TP53, and ZNF521. SNP array data identified a CDKN2A homozygous deletion in 3 samples and SNV analysis showed a non-sense mutation of the CDKN2A gene with unknown somatic status. To estimate the recurrent rate of CDKN2A abnormalities, we performed FISH screening of additional samples and confirmed the frequent loss (62.5%) of CDKN2A expression. Since cisplatin based therapy is the common treatment option for CDC, we investigated the expression of solute carrier (SLC) family transporters and found 45% alteration. In addition, SLC7A11 (cystine transporter, xCT), a cisplatin resistance associated gene, was found to be overexpressed in 4 out of 5 (80%) cases of CDC tumors tested, as compared to matched non-tumor tissue. In summary, our study provides a comprehensive genomic analysis of CDC and identifies potential pathways suitable for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Antonios Papanicolau-Sengos
- Department of Pathology and Center for Personalized Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sreenivasulu Chintala
- Genitourinary Program, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Genitourinary Program, Indiana University-Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Biao Liu
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kiersten Marie Miles
- Department of Pathology and Center for Personalized Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Conroy
- Department of Pathology and Center for Personalized Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sean T Glenn
- Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Manuela Costantini
- Department of Urology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Genetic and Clinical Pathology, University Campus BioMedico of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Sabina Signoretti
- Department of Pathology and Kidney Cancer Program, Dana Farber, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Toni Choueiri
- Department of Pathology and Kidney Cancer Program, Dana Farber, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michele Gallucci
- Department of Urology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Steno Sentinelli
- Department of Urology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vito M Fazio
- Laboratory of Genetic and Clinical Pathology, University Campus BioMedico of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Luana Poeta
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Carl Morrison
- Department of Pathology and Center for Personalized Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Roberto Pili
- Genitourinary Program, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Genitourinary Program, Indiana University-Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Shafaei A, Halim NHA, Zakaria N, Ismail Z. Analysis of Free Amino Acids in Different Extracts of Orthosiphon stamineus Leaves by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Combined with Solid-Phase Extraction. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:S385-S391. [PMID: 29142388 PMCID: PMC5669071 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.216337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Orthosiphon stamineus (OS) Benth is a medicinal plant and native in Southeast Asia. Previous studies have shown that OS leaves possess antioxidant, cytotoxic, diuretic, antihypertensive, and uricosuric effects. These beneficial effects have been attributed to the presence of primary and secondary metabolites such as polyphenols, amino acids, and flavonoids. Objective To develop and validate an high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode array detector (DAD) method combined with solid-phase extraction that involves precolumn derivatization with O-phthaladehyde for simultaneous analysis of free amino acids in OS leaves extracts. Materials and Methods OS leaves were extracted with water (OS-W), ethanol (OS-E), methanol (OS-M), 50% ethanol (OS-EW), and 50% methanol (OS-MW). The extracts were treated by C18 cartridge before derivatization, resulting in great improvement of separation by Zorbox Eclipse XDB-C18 column. Results The HPLC-DAD method was successfully developed and validated for analyzing the contents of free amino acids in OS extracts. The results showed that l-aspartic acid with 0.93 ± 0.01 nmol/mg was the major free amino acid in OS-W extract. However, in OS-E, OS-M, OS-EW, and OS-MW, l-glutamic acid with 3.53 ± 0.16, 2.17 ± 0.10, 4.01 ± 0.12, and 2.49 ± 0.12 nmol/mg, respectively, was the major free amino acid. Subsequently, l-serine, which was detected in OS-W, OS-E, and OS-M, was the minor free amino acid with 0.33 ± 0.02, 0.12 ± 0.01, and 0.06 ± 0.01 nmol/mg, respectively. However, l-threonine with 0.26 ± 0.02 and 0.19 ± 0.08 nmol/mL in OS-EW and OS-MW, respectively, had the lowest concentration compared with other amino acid components. Conclusion All validation parameters of the developed method indicate that the method is reliable and efficient to simultaneously determine the free amino acids content for routine analysis of OS extracts. SUMMARY The HPLC-DAD method combined with solid phase extraction was successfully developed and validated for simultaneous determination and quantification of 17 free amino acids in Orthosiphon stamineus (OS) Benth extractsOS extracts were found to be rich in free amino acid contentL-aspartic acid was the major free amino acid in OS water extract while, in OS ethanol, methanol, 50% ethanol and 50% methanol extracts, L-glutamic acid was the major free amino acidL-serine was the minor free amino acid in OS water, ethanol and methanol extracts while, in OS 50% ethanol and 50% methanol extracts, L-threonine had the lowest concentration compared to other amino acid components. Abbreviations used: HPLC-DAD: High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode-Array Detection, OS: Orthosiphon stamineus, OS-W: Orthosiphon stamineus water extract, OS-E: Orthosiphon stamineus ethanol extract, OS-M: Orthosiphon stamineus methanol extract, OS-EW: Orthosiphon stamineus 50% ethanol extract, OS-MW: Orthosiphon stamineus 50% methanol extract, OPA: O-phthaladehyde, SPE: Solid Phase Extraction, UV: Ultraviolet, LOD: Limit of Detection, LOQ: Limit of Quantification, RSD: Relative Standard Deviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armaghan Shafaei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hidayah Ab Halim
- Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Tembila Campus, Besut Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Norhidayah Zakaria
- Faculty of Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Tembila Campus, Besut Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Zhari Ismail
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
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Ahmadkhani L, Akbarzadeh A, Abbasian M. Development and characterization dual responsive magnetic nanocomposites for targeted drug delivery systems. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:1052-1063. [PMID: 28754064 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1360323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A drug delivery system based on dual responsive units was developed. An appealing pH- and thermo-responsive triblock terpolymer as the drug carrier was synthesized by RAFT polymerization of N-isopropyl acrylamide and methacrylic acid monomers using PEG-RAFT agent. The Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation of Fe salts. Synthesized samples were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, GPC, SEM and TEM. The dual responsive behaviour and self-assembly of the triblock terpolymers in aqueous solution were investigated using UV-vis transmittance and DLS. Based on the results of DLS and TEM, the average size of micelles was 170, 125 and 30 nm. The triblock terpolymer was used as a chemotherapy drug carrier and doxorubicin as a model drug. The release rate of the drug at two different temperatures (37 °C and 42 °C) and pHs (5.8 and 7.4) was studied. The in vitro cytotoxicity assay of free doxorubicin and drug-loaded magnetic nanoparticles was studied. The MTT assay exhibited that these polymers are biocompatible and no toxicity. As well, IC50 of the DOX-loaded triblock terpolymer in MTT test demonstrated that these systems could be suitable for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Ahmadkhani
- a Department of Chemistry , Payame Noor University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbarzadeh
- b National Institute For Medical Research Development (Nimad) , Tehran , Iran.,c Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tabriz , Iran.,d Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Mojtaba Abbasian
- a Department of Chemistry , Payame Noor University , Tehran , Iran
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L-Theanine Administration Modulates the Absorption of Dietary Nutrients and Expression of Transporters and Receptors in the Intestinal Mucosa of Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9747256. [PMID: 28812027 PMCID: PMC5546063 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9747256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
L-theanine has various advantageous functions for human health; whether or not it could mediate the nutrients absorption is unknown yet. The effects of L-theanine on intestinal nutrients absorption were investigated using rats ingesting L-theanine solution (0, 50, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight) per day for two weeks. The decline of insulin secretion and glucose concentration in the serum was observed by L-theanine. Urea and high-density lipoprotein were also reduced by 50 mg/kg L-theanine. Jejunal and ileac basic amino acids transporters SLC7a1 and SLC7a9, neutral SLC1a5 and SLC16a10, and acidic SLC1a1 expression were upregulated. The expression of intestinal SGLT3 and GLUT5 responsible for carbohydrates uptake and GPR120 and FABP2 associated with fatty acids transport were inhibited. These results indicated that L-theanine could inhibit the glucose uptake by downregulating the related gene expression in the small intestine of rats. Intestinal gene expression of transporters responding to amino acids absorption was stimulated by L-theanine administration.
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Hall WC, Elder B, Walker CL, Cai SL, Peters DG, Goodman DG, Ulland BM, Borzelleca JF. Spontaneous Renal Tubular Hyperplastic and Neoplastic Lesions in Three Sprague-Dawley Rats from a 90-Day Toxicity Study. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 35:233-41. [PMID: 17366317 DOI: 10.1080/01926230601156252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiple renal tubular cell adenomas and atypical tubular hyperplasia were diagnosed in 2 high-dose and 1 mid-dose female Sprague–Dawley (Crl:CD®(SD)IGS BR) rats from a 90-day toxicity study of an amino acid found in green tea. The tumors were bilateral multicentric adenomas accompanied by atypical foci of renal tubular hyperplasia in both kidneys of the 3 animals. Toxic tubular changes that typically accompany renal carcinogenesis were not seen in any of the other animals of the study, suggesting rather, an underlying germline mutation of a tumor suppressor gene in these three rats. The histological appearance of these tumors and short latency was reminiscent of the spontaneous lesions reported to arise in Sprague–Dawley rats in the Nihon rat model. Nihon rats develop kidney tumors as a result of a spontaneous mutation in the rat homologue of the Birt-Hogg-Dubé gene ( Bhd). Frozen samples of liver from two tumor-bearing rats were assayed for germline alterations in the Bhd gene. The entire coding region (exons 3–13) of the Bhd gene was sequenced, and a guanine (nt106G) to adenine (nt106A) polymorphism was detected resulting in a glycine to arginine (G36R) substitution in both tumor-bearing animals. In the study animals, the frequency of the A-allele (adenine) was determined to be 27% (19/70). Interestingly, rats obtained from two other sources (n = 17) only carried the nt106G-allele, consistent with the published rat sequence for this gene. Genetic fingerprinting of microsatellite loci indicated that the rats had a shared genetic background. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) of the tumor cells demonstrated a loss of heterozygosity in the Bhd gene in neoplastic cells of one of the two animals. Taken together, these data suggest that the tumors observed in these animals arose spontaneously as a result of a shared genetic susceptibility leading to the development of renal tubular neoplasms.
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Yokoyama NN, Denmon A, Uchio EM, Jordan M, Mercola D, Zi X. When Anti-Aging Studies Meet Cancer Chemoprevention: Can Anti-Aging Agent Kill Two Birds with One Blow? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1:420-433. [PMID: 26756023 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-015-0039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence has strongly supported that the rate of aging is controlled, at least to some extent, by evolutionarily conserved nutrient sensing pathways (e.g. the insulin/IGF-1-signaling, mTOR, AMPK, and sirtuins) from worms to humans. These pathways are also commonly involved in carcinogenesis and cancer metabolism. Agents (e.g. metformin, resveratrol, and Rhodiola) that target these nutrient sensing pathways often have both anti-aging and anti-cancer efficacy. These agents not only reprogram energy metabolism of malignant cells, but also target normal postmitotic cells by suppressing their conversion into senescent cells, which confers systematic metabolism benefits. These agents are fundamentally different from chemotherapy (e.g. paclitaxel and doxorubicin) or radiation therapy that causes molecular damage (e.g. DNA and protein damages) and thereby no selection resistance may be expected. By reviewing molecular mechanisms of action, epidemiological evidence, experimental data in tumor models, and early clinical study results, this review provides information supporting the promising use of agents with both anti-aging and anti-cancer efficacy for cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko N Yokoyama
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Andria Denmon
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Edward M Uchio
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Mark Jordan
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Dan Mercola
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Xiaolin Zi
- Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA; Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
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Pérez-Vargas JE, Zarco N, Vergara P, Shibayama M, Segovia J, Tsutsumi V, Muriel P. l-Theanine prevents carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis via inhibition of nuclear factor κB and down-regulation of transforming growth factor β and connective tissue growth factor. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 35:135-46. [PMID: 25852135 DOI: 10.1177/0960327115578864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Here we evaluated the ability of L-theanine in preventing experimental hepatic cirrhosis and investigated the roles of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation as well as transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) regulation. Experimental hepatic cirrhosis was established by the administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to rats (0.4 g/kg, intraperitoneally, three times per week, for 8 weeks), and at the same time, adding L-theanine (8.0 mg/kg) to the drinking water. Rats had ad libitum access to water and food throughout the treatment period. CCl4 treatment promoted NF-κB activation and increased the expression of both TGF-β and CTGF. CCl4 increased the serum activities of alanine aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and the degree of lipid peroxidation, and it also induced a decrease in the glutathione and glutathione disulfide ratio. L-Theanine prevented increased expression of NF-κB and down-regulated the pro-inflammatory (interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6) and profibrotic (TGF-β and CTGF) cytokines. Furthermore, the levels of messenger RNA encoding these proteins decreased in agreement with the expression levels. L-Theanine promoted the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and the fibrolytic enzyme metalloproteinase-13. Liver hydroxyproline contents and histopathological analysis demonstrated the anti-fibrotic effect of l-theanine. In conclusion, L-theanine prevents CCl4-induced experimental hepatic cirrhosis in rats by blocking the main pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N Zarco
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Cinvestav-IPN Apartado, D.F. México
| | - P Vergara
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Cinvestav-IPN Apartado, D.F. México
| | - M Shibayama
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Cinvestav-IPN Apartado, D.F. México
| | - J Segovia
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Cinvestav-IPN Apartado, D.F. México
| | - V Tsutsumi
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Cinvestav-IPN Apartado, D.F. México
| | - P Muriel
- Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN Apartado, D.F. México
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Janet TC, John WK, Thomas K, Kelvin MO, Francis WN. Effect of Seasons on Theanine Levels in Different Kenyan Commercially Released Tea Cultivars and Its Variation in Different Parts of the Tea Shoot. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2015.615149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Too JC, Kinyanjui T, Wanyoko JK, Wachira FN. Effect of Sunlight Exposure and Different Withering Durations on Theanine Levels in Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i>). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2015.611105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Chatterjee S, Chatterjee A, Roy S, Bera B, Bandyopadhyay SK. L-Theanine healed NSAID-induced gastric ulcer by modulating pro/antioxidant balance in gastric ulcer margin. J Nat Med 2014; 68:699-708. [PMID: 24981317 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-014-0852-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
L-Theanine is a unique non-protein-forming amino acid present in tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze]. In the present work, we evaluated the healing effect of L-theanine on NSAID (indomethacin)-induced gastric ulcer. Histology of the stomach tissues revealed maximum ulceration on the third day after indomethacin administration (18 mg/kg, single dose p.o.) which was accompanied by increased lipid peroxidation; protein carbonylation; Th1 cytokine synthesis, and depletion of thiol, mucin, prostaglandin (PG) E, Th2 cytokine synthesis; and total antioxidant status in mice. L-Theanine healed gastric ulcer at a dose of 10 mg/kg b.w. but aggravated the ulcerated condition at a higher dose of 40 mg/kg b.w. At 10 mg/kg b.w., L-theanine significantly alleviated the adverse oxidative effect of indomethacin through enhanced synthesis of PGE2 by modulation of cyclo-oxygenase-1 and 2 [COX-1 and COX-2] expression, Th1/Th2 cytokine balance, and restoration of cellular antioxidant status at the gastric ulcer margin. The present study revealed for the first time the dose-dependent biphasic effect of a natural neuroprotective agent, L-theanine, on gastric ulcer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirshendu Chatterjee
- Central Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, K.P.C. Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, 700032, India,
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McCulloch M, Broffman M, van der Laan M, Hubbard A, Kushi L, Abrams DI, Gao J, Colford JM. Colon cancer survival with herbal medicine and vitamins combined with standard therapy in a whole-systems approach: ten-year follow-up data analyzed with marginal structural models and propensity score methods. Integr Cancer Ther 2011; 10:240-59. [PMID: 21964510 DOI: 10.1177/1534735411406539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although localized colon cancer is often successfully treated with surgery, advanced disease requires aggressive systemic therapy that has lower effectiveness. Approximately 30% to 75% of patients with colon cancer use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), but there is limited formal evidence of survival efficacy. In a consecutive case series with 10-year follow-up of all colon cancer patients (n = 193) presenting at a San Francisco Bay-Area center for Chinese medicine (Pine Street Clinic, San Anselmo, CA), the authors compared survival in patients choosing short-term treatment lasting the duration of chemotherapy/radiotherapy with those continuing long-term. To put these data into the context of treatment responses seen in conventional medical practice, they also compared survival with Pan-Asian medicine + vitamins (PAM+V) with that of concurrent external controls from Kaiser Permanente Northern California and California Cancer Registries. Kaplan-Meier, traditional Cox regression, and more modern methods were used for causal inference-namely, propensity score and marginal structural models (MSMs), which have not been used before in studies of cancer survival and Chinese herbal medicine. PAM+V combined with conventional therapy, compared with conventional therapy alone, reduced the risk of death in stage I by 95%, stage II by 64%, stage III by 29%, and stage IV by 75%. There was no significant difference between short-term and long-term PAM+V. Combining PAM+V with conventional therapy improved survival, compared with conventional therapy alone, suggesting that prospective trials combining PAM+V with conventional therapy are justified.
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McCulloch M, Broffman M, van der Laan M, Hubbard A, Kushi L, Kramer A, Gao J, Colford JM. Lung Cancer Survival With Herbal Medicine and Vitamins in a Whole-Systems Approach. Integr Cancer Ther 2011; 10:260-79. [DOI: 10.1177/1534735411406439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Complementary and alternative medicines are used by up to 48% of lung cancer patients but have seen little formal assessment of survival efficacy. In this 10-year retrospective survival study, the authors investigated Pan-Asian medicine + vitamins (PAM+V) therapy in a consecutive case series of all non-small-cell lung cancer patients (n = 239) presenting at a San Francisco Bay Area Chinese medicine center (Pine Street Clinic). They compared short-term treatment lasting the duration of chemotherapy/radiotherapy with long-term therapy continuing beyond conventional therapy. They also compared PAM+V plus conventional therapy with conventional therapy alone, using concurrent controls from the Kaiser Permanente Northern California and California Cancer Registries. They adjusted for confounding with Kaplan-Meier, Cox regression, and newer methods – propensity score and marginal structural models (MSMs), which when analyzing data from observational studies or clinical practice records can provide results comparable with randomized trials. Long-term use of PAM+V beyond completion of chemotherapy reduced stage IIIB deaths by 83% and stage IV by 72% compared with short-term use only for the duration of chemotherapy. Long-term PAM+V combined with conventional therapy reduced stage IIIA deaths by 46%, stage IIIB by 62%, and stage IV by 69% compared with conventional therapy alone. Survival rates for stage IV patients treated with PAM+V were 82% at 1 year, 68% at 2 years, and 14% at 5 years. PAM+V combined with conventional therapy improved survival in stages IIIA, IIIB, and IV, compared with conventional therapy alone. Prospective trials using PAM+V with conventional therapy for lung cancer patients are justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael McCulloch
- Pine Street Foundation, San Anselmo, CA, USA
- University of California at Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Mark van der Laan
- University of California at Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Alan Hubbard
- University of California at Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Alan Kramer
- San Francisco Oncology Associates, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jin Gao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - John M. Colford
- University of California at Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Isolation of L-theanine from tea solution by cation exchange resin in batch and fixed bed column. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-010-0223-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Rocha S, Generalov R, Pereira MDC, Peres I, Juzenas P, Coelho MAN. Epigallocatechin gallate-loaded polysaccharide nanoparticles for prostate cancer chemoprevention. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2011; 6:79-87. [PMID: 21182420 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.10.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Polysaccharide nanoparticles were studied as drug delivery vehicles for chemopreventive agents. MATERIALS & METHODS Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was incorporated into a carbohydrate matrix of gum arabic and maltodextrin with an encapsulation efficiency of approximately 85%. RESULTS Encapsulated EGCG retained its biological activity, reducing the cell viability and inducing apoptosis of Du145 prostate cancer cells. Clonogenic assay demonstrated that encapsulation of EGCG enhanced its inhibitory effect on cell proliferation (10-20%) at lower concentrations (1-2 µM), compared with free EGCG. CONCLUSION This study highlights the use of polysaccharide nanoparticles in chemoprevention as they can be used to deliver natural antioxidants capable of inhibiting steps of the tumorigenesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rocha
- Laboratory for Process, Environmental & Energy Engineering, Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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Juzenas P, Chen W, Sun YP, Coelho MAN, Generalov R, Generalova N, Christensen IL. Quantum dots and nanoparticles for photodynamic and radiation therapies of cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60:1600-14. [PMID: 18840487 PMCID: PMC2695009 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2008.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Semiconductor quantum dots and nanoparticles composed of metals, lipids or polymers have emerged with promising applications for early detection and therapy of cancer. Quantum dots with unique optical properties are commonly composed of cadmium contained semiconductors. Cadmium is potentially hazardous, and toxicity of such quantum dots to living cells, and humans, is not yet systematically investigated. Therefore, search for less toxic materials with similar targeting and optical properties is of further interest. Whereas, the investigation of luminescence nanoparticles as light sources for cancer therapy is very interesting. Despite advances in neurosurgery and radiotherapy the prognosis for patients with malignant gliomas has changed little for the last decades. Cancer treatment requires high accuracy in delivering ionizing radiation to reduce toxicity to surrounding tissues. Recently some research has been focused in developing photosensitizing quantum dots for production of radicals upon absorption of visible light. In spite of the fact that visible light is safe, this approach is suitable to treat only superficial tumours. Ionizing radiation (X-rays and gamma rays) penetrate much deeper thus offering a big advantage in treating patients with tumours in internal organs. Such concept of using quantum dots and nanoparticles to yield electrons and radicals in photodynamic and radiation therapies as well their combination is reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petras Juzenas
- Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Montebello, 0310 Oslo, Norway.
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