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Danan ER, White KM, Wilt TJ, Partin MR. Reactions to Recommendations and Evidence About Prostate Cancer Screening Among White and Black Male Veterans. Am J Mens Health 2021; 15:15579883211022110. [PMID: 34096377 PMCID: PMC8188983 DOI: 10.1177/15579883211022110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
U.S. clinical guidelines recommend that prior to screening for prostate cancer with Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), men should have an informed discussion about the potential benefits and harms of screening. Prostate cancer disproportionately affects Black men. To understand how White and Black men reacted to a draft educational pamphlet about the benefits and harms of PSA screening, we conducted race-specific focus groups at a midwestern VA medical center in 2013 and 2015. White and Black men who had been previously screened reviewed the draft pamphlet using a semistructured focus group facilitator guide. Forty-four men, ages 55-81, participated in four White and two Black focus groups. Three universal themes were: low baseline familiarity with prostate cancer, surprise and resistance to the recommendations not to test routinely, and negative emotions in response to ambiguity. Discussions of benefits and harms of screening, as well as intentions for exercising personal agency in prevention and screening, diverged between White and Black focus groups. Discussion in White groups highlighted the potential benefits of screening, minimized the harms, and emphasized personal choice in screening decisions. Participants in Black groups devoted almost no discussion to benefits, considered harms significant, and emphasized personal and collective responsibility for preventing cancer through diet, exercise, and alternative medicine. Discussion in Black groups also included the role of racism and discrimination in healthcare and medical research. These findings contribute to our understanding of how men's varied perspectives and life experiences affect their responses to prostate cancer screening information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisheva R. Danan
- VA HSR&D Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Katie M. White
- Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy J. Wilt
- VA HSR&D Center for Care Delivery and Outcomes Research, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Melissa R. Partin
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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James LJ, Wong G, Craig JC, Hanson CS, Ju A, Howard K, Usherwood T, Lau H, Tong A. Men's perspectives of prostate cancer screening: A systematic review of qualitative studies. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188258. [PMID: 29182649 PMCID: PMC5705146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed non-skin cancer in men. Screening for prostate cancer is widely accepted; however concerns regarding the harms outweighing the benefits of screening exist. Although patient’s play a pivotal role in the decision making process, men may not be aware of the controversies regarding prostate cancer screening. Therefore we aimed to describe men’s attitudes, beliefs and experiences of prostate cancer screening. Methods Systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies on men’s perspectives of prostate cancer screening. Electronic databases and reference lists were searched to October 2016. Findings Sixty studies involving 3,029 men aged from 18–89 years, who had been screened for prostate cancer by Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) or Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) and not screened, across eight countries were included. Five themes were identified: Social prompting (trusting professional opinion, motivation from family and friends, proximity and prominence of cancer); gaining decisional confidence (overcoming fears, survival imperative, peace of mind, mental preparation, prioritising wellbeing); preserving masculinity (bodily invasion, losing sexuality, threatening manhood, medical avoidance); avoiding the unknown and uncertainties (taboo of cancer-related death, lacking tangible cause, physiological and symptomatic obscurity, ambiguity of the procedure, confusing controversies); and prohibitive costs. Conclusions Men are willing to participate in prostate cancer screening to prevent cancer and gain reassurance about their health, particularly when supported or prompted by their social networks or healthcare providers. However, to do so they needed to mentally overcome fears of losing their masculinity and accept the intrusiveness of screening, the ambiguities about the necessity and the potential for substantial costs. Addressing the concerns and priorities of men may facilitate informed decisions about prostate cancer screening and improve patient satisfaction and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. James
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Germaine Wong
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
| | - Jonathan C. Craig
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Camilla S. Hanson
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Angela Ju
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Kirsten Howard
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
| | - Tim Usherwood
- Department of General Practice, Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Howard Lau
- Department of Urology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
| | - Allison Tong
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Australia
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Maliski SL, Connor S, Fink A, Litwin MS. Information Desired and Acquired by Men With Prostate Cancer: Data From Ethnic Focus Groups. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2016; 33:393-409. [PMID: 16699127 DOI: 10.1177/1090198105276223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Informationand understandingare needed so that men with prostate cancer can effectively manage and cope with their disease. Although research has shown that cultural beliefs and practices influence the way people access health-related knowledge, little research has addressed how ethnicity affects the information desired and received among low-income men with prostate cancer. This research sought to (a) describe baseline knowledge at diagnosis, information subsequently received, information sources utilized, and knowledge believed to have been helpful and (b) explore differences in desired information among men of various ethnicities. Six ethnicityspecific focus groups among men diagnosed with prostate cancer were conducted. With content analysis, themes emerging from each focus group were identified and compared. Results highlight disparities in the pros tate cancer information desired and acquired by men of different ethnicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally L Maliski
- Department of Urology, UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California-Los Angeles, 90095, USA.
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Ilic D, Murphy K, Green S. Perspectives on knowledge, information seeking and decision-making behaviour about prostate cancer among Australian men. JOURNAL OF MEN'S HEALTH 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jomh.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is a common cancer affecting men worldwide. Few men access health services with respect to early detection. Workplace health education initiatives can promote behavior change in men. A total of 12 in-depth interviews with men were conducted in this study to examine how a workplace-based educational campaign on prostate cancer influences the knowledge, awareness, and beliefs of male workers on screening for prostate cancer. Analyses of interview transcripts identified that men had a poor overall knowledge about prostate cancer, its screening, and treatment. Participants were receptive to the introduction of workplace-based health education initiatives to promote men's health issues but recommended an integrated health approach that incorporated information delivered by medical professionals, cancer survivors, supplemented with existing patient education materials. Further research is required to formally evaluate the impact of workplace-based education strategies on men's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Ilic
- Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Bird Y, Banegas MP, Moraros J, King S, Prapasiri S, Thompson B. The impact of family history of breast cancer on knowledge, attitudes, and early detection practices of Mexican women along the Mexico-US border. J Immigr Minor Health 2011; 13:867-75. [PMID: 21104130 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-010-9418-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Rates of breast cancer (BC) have increased in Mexico, with the highest incidence and mortality rates observed in the northern Mexican states. This study aimed to describe the BC knowledge, attitudes and screening practices among Mexican women with and without a family history of BC residing along the Mexico-US border, and identify factors associated with screening behaviors. One hundred and twenty eight Mexican women aged 40 and older completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire on sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, family history, and screening practices. There were no significant differences between Mexican women with and without a family history. Over 60% of women in both groups had never had a mammogram/breast ultrasound, and more than 50% had never obtained a clinical breast exam. Age, marital status, insurance, and breast cancer knowledge significantly influenced BC screening behaviors among Mexican women. Further research is needed to examine other key factors associated with screening utilization, in effort of improving BC rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Bird
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Timmermans DRM, Ockhuysen-Vermey CF, Henneman L. Presenting health risk information in different formats: the effect on participants' cognitive and emotional evaluation and decisions. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2008; 73:443-447. [PMID: 18722073 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2008.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Revised: 06/29/2008] [Accepted: 07/04/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Effective communication of health risks plays an important role in enabling patients to make adequate decisions. There is little--though contradictory--evidence to indicate which format is most effective for communicating risks, and which risk format is preferred by counselees. METHODS In an experiment, subjects were presented health scenarios and risk information in different formats (percentages, frequencies, and population figures) and asked to evaluate the risks and make a decision based on these. RESULTS Different risk formats had different effects on respondents' evaluation of the health risks presented. Contrary to our expectation, population figures were not evaluated as being the easiest format for all decision problems. Population figures were shown to have the biggest affective impact, and risks presented as population figures were also evaluated as significantly greater than the risks presented in other formats. The format of the presented risks influenced their decision in only one out of four decision-making situations, although in a second situation there was a similar trend. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the risk format plays a role in the decision-making process, although it remains unclear which format is the most effective in terms of understanding. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS More experimental studies based on a theoretical analysis of the factors that promote effective risk communication are needed in the general population as well as in clinical settings with patients actually experiencing the risks and making the decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniëlle R M Timmermans
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Objective: This study examines the association of social ties and cancer screening. Method: Data from the Longitudinal Study on Aging II include 4,419 respondents (70 to 85) who completed Wave 2. The dependent variable is receipt of screening within the past 2 years, measured at Wave 2. Social network variables include marital status, interaction with friends, relatives, and children, and church attendance. Results: Women were higher on most social tie measures, except marriage, and less likely to have mammography than men were to have prostate cancer screening. Also, the decline of screening with age was greater for women. For women, screening was related to contact with friends, relatives, and children but not marital status or church attendance. For men, screening was higher in the married and church attendees, but contact with friends, relatives, and children was not associated with screening. Discussion: Cancer screening interventions that use interpersonal communication channels should target distinct relationships for older women and men.
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Schapira MM, Fletcher KE, Gilligan MA, King TK, Laud PW, Matthews BA, Neuner JM, Hayes E. A framework for health numeracy: how patients use quantitative skills in health care. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2008; 13:501-17. [PMID: 18661390 PMCID: PMC4162627 DOI: 10.1080/10810730802202169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Our objective of this study is to develop a conceptual framework for the construct of health numeracy based on patient perceptions, using a cross-sectional, qualitative design. Interested participants (n=59) meeting eligibility criteria (age 40-74, English speaking) were assigned to one of six focus groups stratified by gender and educational level (low, medium, high). Fifty-three percent were male, and 47% were female. Sixty-one percent were white non-Hispanic, and 39% were of minority race or ethnicity. Participants were randomly selected from three primary care sites associated with an academic medical center. Focus group discussions were held in May 2004 and focused on how numbers are used in the health care setting. Data were presented from clinical trials to further explore how quantitative information is used in health communication and decision making. Focus groups were audio and videotaped; verbatim transcripts were prepared and analyzed. A framework of health numeracy was developed to reflect the themes that emerged. Three broad conceptual domains for health numeracy were identified: primary numeric skills, applied health numeracy, and interpretive health numeracy. Across domains, results suggested that numeracy contains an emotional component, with both positive and negative affect reflected in patient numeracy statements. We conclude that health numeracy is a multifaceted construct that includes applied and interpretive components and is influenced by patient affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn M Schapira
- Patient Care and Outcomes Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226-0509, USA.
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Reynolds D. Prostate Cancer Screening in African American Men: Barriers and Methods for Improvement. Am J Mens Health 2008; 2:172-7. [DOI: 10.1177/1557988307312784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
African American men have the highest rate of incidence for prostate cancer in the world and are more likely to die from the disease than other ethnic groups (National Institutes of Health, 1996). Routine screening for prostate cancer can lead to early detection of the disease, thereby reducing negative outcomes, but studies have shown that African American men are less likely than Caucasian men to engage in screening practices. Lack of access to health care, socioeconomic status, inadequate knowledge, fear, patient-provider communication, distrust of the medical profession, and aversion to digital rectal exam have been identified as possible barriers to prostate cancer screening in African American men. This literature review explores causes of this striking disparity between prostate cancer incidence and mortality in African American men and cites strategies used to improve prostate cancer screening rates among this population.
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Zanchetta M, Cognet M, Xenocostas S, Aoki D, Talbot Y. Prostate Cancer among Canadian Men: A Transcultural Representation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.3149/jmh.0603.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Feldman-Stewart D, Brennenstuhl S, McIssac K, Austoker J, Charvet A, Hewitson P, Sepucha KR, Whelan T. A systematic review of information in decision aids. Health Expect 2007; 10:46-61. [PMID: 17324194 PMCID: PMC5060377 DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-7625.2006.00420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We completed a systematic review of information reported as included in decision aids (DAs) for adult patients, to determine if it is complete, balanced and accurate. SEARCH STRATEGY DAs were identified using the Cochrane Database of DAs and searches of four electronic databases using the terms: 'decision aid'; shared decision making' and 'patients'; 'multimedia or leaflets or pamphlets or videos and patients and decision making'. Additionally, publications reporting DA development and actual DAs that were reported as publicly available on the Internet were consulted. Publications were included up to May 2006. DATA EXTRACTION Data were extracted on the following variables: external groups consulted in development of the DA, type of study used, categories of information, inclusion of probabilities, use of citation lists and inclusion of patient experiences. MAIN RESULTS 68 treatment DAs and 30 screening DAs were identified. 17% of treatment DAs and 47% of screening DAs did not report any external consultation and, of those that did, DA producers tended to rely more heavily on medical experts than on patients' guidance. Content evaluations showed that (i) treatment DAs frequently omit describing the procedure(s) involved in treatment options and (ii) screening DAs frequently focus on false positives but not false negatives. About 1/2 treatment DAs reported probabilities with a greater emphasis on potential benefits than harms. Similarly, screening DAs were more likely to provide false-positive than false-negative rates. CONCLUSIONS The review led us to be concerned about completeness, balance and accuracy of information included in DAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deb Feldman-Stewart
- Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
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Van Manen L, Feldman-Stewart D, Brundage MD. Men considering a hypothetical treatment for prostate cancer: a comparison to patients. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2006; 61:33-42. [PMID: 16257170 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2005.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2003] [Revised: 02/02/2005] [Accepted: 02/12/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In facilitating informed decision making about PSA screening, men are often asked to consider the potential consequences of the test, including a diagnosis of prostate cancer and how they would want to be treated. However, there is no empirical evidence thus far demonstrating that men are able to consider this hypothetical situation in a realistic manner. PURPOSE To compare the features (attributes) of treatments that are important to non-patient men considering a hypothetical diagnosis of prostate cancer with those deemed important to men actually diagnosed with early-stage disease. METHODS Two groups of men went through a decision aid interview to help them choose between treatment options for early-stage prostate cancer: non-patient men who imagined themselves to be diagnosed with the disease, and newly diagnosed patients. During the interview participants identified features of the treatment and disease that were important to their decisions. RESULTS The percentage of non-patients and patients that thought particular attributes were important was correlated: r (33) = 0.77, p < 0.01. The effects on bladder and bowel functioning were considered important to >or=50% of each group. In addition to the 22 attributes initially presented, 49% of non-patients and 67% of patients identified additional attributes as being important to their decision. Eight (42%) of the 19 additional attributes were identified by non-patients and patients alike. CONCLUSIONS The group of non-patient men provided a close approximation to the group of newly diagnosed men with respect to the attributes identified as being important to their treatment decisions for early-stage prostate cancer, suggesting that the consideration of what is important to the decision by non-patient men is realistic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Van Manen
- Kingston General Hospital, 76 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 2V7.
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McFall SL, Hamm RM, Volk RJ. Exploring beliefs about prostate cancer and early detection in men and women of three ethnic groups. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2006; 61:109-16. [PMID: 16256292 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2005.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2004] [Revised: 12/23/2004] [Accepted: 02/24/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Practice guidelines support informed or shared decision-making about prostate cancer screening. To compare beliefs across three racial/ethnic categories concerning prostate cancer etiology and risk, screening routines, and shared decision-making, we conducted 12 focus groups. METHODS Participants were recruited in primary care settings and included 33 African Americans, 35 Hispanics, and 22 non-Hispanic Whites. Of the 90 participants, 53% were male. RESULTS Groups identified heredity, age, race, sexual activity, and other lifestyle influences as risk factors. Few were aware that prostate cancer is asymptomatic in early stages. Confidence in knowledge of screening routines was high, but included misconceptions supporting initiation of screening at earlier ages and at shorter intervals than professional recommendations. Females encouraged screening of male relatives to protect their health. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION While racial/ethnic groups had similar views and knowledge about screening, African Americans wanted to organize to address the threat of prostate cancer in their communities. Hispanics had awakening awareness of the health risks of prostate cancer. Non-Hispanic Whites were aware of the health threat of prostate cancer, but their approach to health protection was more individual and less community focused than that of African Americans. Participants were not aware of controversy about screening. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Developers of educational materials to support informed or shared decision-making should be aware that initial views of prostate cancer screening are positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L McFall
- School of Public Health, San Antonio Regional Campus, University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, 78229, USA.
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Ilic D, Risbridger GP, Green S. The informed man: Attitudes and information needs on prostate cancer screening. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmhg.2005.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Greiner KA, Born W, Nollen N, Ahluwalia JS. Knowledge and perceptions of colorectal cancer screening among urban African Americans. J Gen Intern Med 2005; 20:977-83. [PMID: 16307620 PMCID: PMC1490251 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.00165.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2005] [Revised: 03/18/2005] [Accepted: 03/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore colorectal cancer (CRC) screening knowledge, attitudes, barriers, and preferences among urban African Americans as a prelude to the development of culturally appropriate interventions to improve screening for this group. DESIGN Qualitative focus group study with assessment of CRC screening preferences. SETTING Community health center serving low-income African Americans. PARTICIPANTS Fifty-five self-identified African Americans over 40 years of age. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Transcripts were analyzed using an iterative coding process with consensus and triangulation on final thematic findings. Six major themes were identified: (1) Hope--a positive attitude toward screening, (2) Mistrust--distrust that the system or providers put patients first, (3) Fear--fear of cancer, the system, and of CRC screening procedures, (4) Fatalism--the belief that screening and treatment may be futile and surgery causes spread of cancer, (5) Accuracy--a preference for the most thorough and accurate test for CRC, and (6) Knowledge--lack of CRC knowledge and a desire for more information. The Fear and Knowledge themes were most frequently noted in transcript theme counts. The Hope and Accuracy themes were crucial moderators of the influence of all barriers. The largest number of participants preferred either colonoscopy (33%) or home fecal occult blood testing (26%). CONCLUSIONS Low-income African Americans are optimistic and hopeful about early CRC detection and believe that thorough and accurate CRC screening is valuable. Lack of CRC knowledge and fear are major barriers to screening for this population along with mistrust, and fatalism.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Allen Greiner
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kan 66160, USA.
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Visser A, van Andel G. Psychosocial and educational aspects in prostate cancer patients. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2003; 49:203-206. [PMID: 12642191 DOI: 10.1016/s0738-3991(03)00024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer was a neglected area in psycho-oncology. There is now a growing number of studies on the psychosocial aspects of having prostate cancer and the possibilities to reduce these problems in educational and group interventions. In this issue of Patient Education and Counseling, studies are presented on several psychosocial and educational aspects in prostate cancer patients: screening events and outcomes, assessing the unmet information, support and care delivery needs, reacting to the diagnosis of prostate cancer, informational needs of men on hormonal therapy, changes in health-related quality of life three months after the diagnosis, information-seeking behaviors and information needs of partners, quality of leaflets, video information in decision making, and patient perceptions and priorities in a rehabilitation program. Conclusions are presented on neglected research areas in psychosocial and educational aspects of living with prostate cancer.
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