1
|
Huang T, Chai X, Li S, Liu B, Zhan J, Wang X, Xiao X, Zhu Q, Liu C, Zeng D, Jiang B, Zhou X, He L, Gong Z, Liu M, Zhang X. Rapid Targeted Screening and Identification of Active Ingredients in Herbal Extracts through Ligand-Detected NMR and Database Matching. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 39263786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Herbal extracts are rich sources of active compounds that can be used for drug screening due to their diverse and unique chemical structures. However, traditional methods for screening these compounds are notably laborious and time-consuming. In this manuscript, we introduce a new high-throughput approach that combines nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy with a tailored database and algorithm to rapidly identify bioactive components in herbal extracts. This method distinguishes characteristic signals and structural motifs of active constituents in the raw extracts through a relaxation-weighted technique, particularly utilizing the perfect echo Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (peCPMG) sequence, complemented by precise 2D spectroscopic strategies. The cornerstone of our approach is a customized database designed to filter potential compounds based on defined parameters, such as the presence of CHn segments and unique chemical shifts, thereby expediting the identification of promising compounds. This innovative technique was applied to identifying substances interacting with choline kinase α (ChoKα1), resulting in the discovery of four new inhibitors. Our findings demonstrate a powerful tool for unraveling the complex chemical landscape of herbal extracts, considerably facilitating the search for new pharmaceutical candidates. This approach offers an efficient alternative to traditional methods in the quest for drug discovery from natural sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shuangli Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Biao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jianhua Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qinjun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Caixiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Danyun Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430071, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430071, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lichun He
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhou Gong
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Maili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430071, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement of Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430071, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao Y, Liu M, Qin T, Peng Y, Lin G, Che C, Zhu Z. Optimizing the affinity selection mass spectrometry workflow for efficient identification and ranking of potent USP1 inhibitors. SLAS Technol 2024; 29:100174. [PMID: 39094982 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2024.100174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
An optimized Affinity Selection-Mass Spectrometry (AS-MS) workflow has been developed for the efficient identification of potent USP1 inhibitors. USP1 was immobilized on agarose beads, ensuring low small molecule retention, efficient protein capture, and protein stability. The binding affinity of 49 compounds to USP1 was evaluated using the optimized AS-MS method, calculating binding index (BI) values for each compound. Biochemical inhibition assays validated the AS-MS results, revealing a potential correlation between higher BI values and lower IC50 values. This optimized workflow enables rapid identification of high-quality USP1 inhibitor hits, facilitating structure-activity relationship studies and accelerating the discovery of potential cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- BayRay Innovation Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China.
| | - Meixian Liu
- BayRay Innovation Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Tian Qin
- BayRay Innovation Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Yongqiang Peng
- BayRay Innovation Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Guang Lin
- BayRay Innovation Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Chao Che
- BayRay Innovation Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China
| | - Zhendong Zhu
- BayRay Innovation Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stincone P, Naimi A, Saviola AJ, Reher R, Petras D. Decoding the molecular interplay in the central dogma: An overview of mass spectrometry-based methods to investigate protein-metabolite interactions. Proteomics 2024; 24:e2200533. [PMID: 37929699 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
With the emergence of next-generation nucleotide sequencing and mass spectrometry-based proteomics and metabolomics tools, we have comprehensive and scalable methods to analyze the genes, transcripts, proteins, and metabolites of a multitude of biological systems. Despite the fascinating new molecular insights at the genome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome scale, we are still far from fully understanding cellular organization, cell cycles and biology at the molecular level. Significant advances in sensitivity and depth for both sequencing as well as mass spectrometry-based methods allow the analysis at the single cell and single molecule level. At the same time, new tools are emerging that enable the investigation of molecular interactions throughout the central dogma of molecular biology. In this review, we provide an overview of established and recently developed mass spectrometry-based tools to probe metabolite-protein interactions-from individual interaction pairs to interactions at the proteome-metabolome scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Stincone
- University of Tuebingen, CMFI Cluster of Excellence, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Tuebingen, Germany
- University of Tuebingen, Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Amira Naimi
- University of Marburg, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Raphael Reher
- University of Marburg, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Marburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Petras
- University of Tuebingen, CMFI Cluster of Excellence, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, Tuebingen, Germany
- University of California Riverside, Department of Biochemistry, Riverside, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ge XT, Zhao JH, Ren WJ, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Jiang SR, Jia TZ, Gao H, Zhang F. Alkaloid uptake pathways in renal tubular epithelial cells from different processed products of Phellodendri chinensis Cortex. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 242:116014. [PMID: 38367517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the absorption of alkaloids from Phellodendri chinensis Cortex (PC) by human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2). Cellular uptake and affinity ultrafiltration assays were employed to determine the alkaloid uptake pathway in HK-2 cells. Stemming from the hypothesis that salt-water processed PC introduces these alkaloids into the kidney at a cellular level, this research focused on different processed products of PC that are tailored for renal targeting. Utilizing the UPLC-QqQ-MS method, we quantified variations in the uptake capacity of phellodendrine, magnoflorine, jatrorrhizine, berberrubine, and berberine from raw Phellodendri chinensis Cortex (RPC), salt-water processed Phellodendri chinensis Cortex (SPC), and wine processed Phellodendri chinensis Cortex (WPC) in HK-2 cells. This study also tracked the concentration changes of these five alkaloids in HK-2 cells during the administration phase. Further, we evaluated the influence of two inhibitors on the absorption of these five alkaloids from PC and its processed products into HK-2 cells: the organic anion transporters (OATs) inhibitor-probenecid (PRO), and the organic cationic transporters (OCTs) inhibitor-tetraethylammonium chloride (TEAC). A pivotal component of this research was an investigation into the effects of PC and its processed products on the expression levels of OCT2, OAT1, and OAT3 proteins in HK-2 cells, facilitated by Western blot analysis. Finally, we appraised the binding affinity of PC's alkaloids to OCT2, OAT1, and OAT3 proteins using an ultrafiltration centrifugation technique. The uptake of different processed products of PC by HK-2 cells showed the following trend: SPC group > RPC group > WPC group. When considering inhibitor uptake in HK-2 cells, the group treated with PRO (an OATs inhibitor) demonstrated a higher uptake than the group treated with TEAC (an OCTs inhibitor). It was observed that different processed products of PC elevated the expression of OCT2 and OAT1 proteins in HK-2 cells. Specifically, both the SPC and berberrubine groups displayed enhanced expression of these proteins, with a marked increase noted for OCT2. Through affinity ultrafiltration assays, it was determined that the binding affinity of alkaloids from different processed products of PC to OCT2 and OAT1 significantly exceeded that to OAT3. These results indicate that PC-derived alkaloids are absorbed by HK-2 cells, predominantly through transport mechanisms mediated by OCT2 and OAT1, with OCT2 serving as the dominant transporter. The higher intake of alkaloids in SPC group can likely be linked to the amplified activity of kidney uptake transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Tong Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Jia-Hui Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Wen-Jing Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Yang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Shi-Ru Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Tian-Zhu Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Hui Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gu Y, Liu M, Ma L, Quinn RJ. Advancing Kir4.2 Channel Ligand Identification through Collision-Induced Affinity Selection Mass Spectrometry. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:763-773. [PMID: 38449446 PMCID: PMC10949200 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The inwardly rectifying potassium Kir4.2 channel plays a crucial role in regulating membrane potentials and maintaining potassium homeostasis. Kir4.2 has been implicated in various physiological processes, including insulin secretion, gastric acid regulation, and the pathogenesis of central nervous system diseases. Despite its significance, the number of identified ligands for Kir4.2 remains limited. In this study, we established a method to directly observe ligands avoiding a requirement to observe the high-mass ligand-membrane protein-detergent complexes. This method used collision-induced affinity selection mass spectrometry (CIAS-MS) to identify ligands dissociated from the Kir4.2 channel-detergent complex. The CIAS-MS approach integrated all stages of affinity selection within the mass spectrometer, offering advantages in terms of time efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Additionally, we explored the effect of collisional voltage ramps on the dissociation behavior of the ligand and the ligand at different concentrations, demonstrating dose dependency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yushu Gu
- Griffith
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- Griffith
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Linlin Ma
- Griffith
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- School
of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Ronald J. Quinn
- Griffith
Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gu Y, Liu M, Ma L, Quinn RJ. Identification of Ligands for Ion Channels: TRPM2. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300790. [PMID: 38242853 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) is a calcium-permeable, nonselective cation channel with a widespread distribution throughout the body. It is involved in many pathological and physiological processes, making it a potential therapeutic target for various diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and cancers. New analytical techniques are beneficial for gaining a deeper understanding of its involvement in disease pathogenesis and for advancing the drug discovery for TRPM2-related diseases. In this work, we present the application of collision-induced affinity selection mass spectrometry (CIAS-MS) for the direct identification of ligands binding to TRPM2. CIAS-MS circumvents the need for high mass detection typically associated with mass spectrometry of large membrane proteins. Instead, it focuses on the detection of small molecules dissociated from the ligand-protein-detergent complexes. This affinity selection approach consolidates all affinity selection steps within the mass spectrometer, resulting in a streamlined process. We showed the direct identification of a known TRPM2 ligand dissociated from the protein-ligand complex. We demonstrated that CIAS-MS can identify binding ligands from complex mixtures of compounds and screened a compound library against TRPM2. We investigated the impact of voltage increments and ligand concentrations on the dissociation behavior of the binding ligand, revealing a dose-dependent relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yushu Gu
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, 46 Don Young Rd, Brisbane, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, 46 Don Young Rd, Brisbane, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Linlin Ma
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, 46 Don Young Rd, Brisbane, Queensland, 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, N34 1.29, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Ronald J Quinn
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, 46 Don Young Rd, Brisbane, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fan X, Li Y, Wu T, Cheng Z. Screening and identification of neuraminidase inhibitors from Baphicacanthus cusia by a combination of affinity ultrafiltration, HPLC-MS/MS, molecular docking, and fluorescent techniques. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1231:123924. [PMID: 38000290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Natural products provide a new opportunity for the discovery of neuraminidase (NA)inhibitors. In this study, an affinity ultrafiltration (AUF) coupled with HPLC-MS/MS method was firstly developed and optimized for screening of NA inhibitors from natural products. The critical factors influencing the interaction of enzyme-ligand (including sample concentration, enzyme concentration, incubation time and temperature, pH of the buffer, and dissociation solvents and time) were investigated and optimized by a one-factor-at-a-time design. The method was then applied to discover NA inhibitory compounds in stems and leaves of Baphicacanthus cusia. As a result, five active alkaloids were screened out and identifiedas 2,4(1H,3H)-quinazolinedione (1), 4(3H)-quinazolinone (2), 2(3H)-benzoxazolone (3), tryptanthrin (4), and indirubin (5) through analysis of their DAD profiles, MS/MS fragments, and comparison with reference substances. These active compounds were further evaluated for their NA inhibitory activity using a fluorescence-based NA inhibition assay. The result from the fluorescent assay revealed that all the five compounds(1-5) showed pronounced NA inhibitory activities with IC50values of 98.98, 64.69, 40.16, 69.44, and 144.73 μM, respectively. Finally, molecular docking of these five alkaloids with NA showed that hydrogen bond and π-cation interactions dominated within the binding sites with binding energies ranging between -5.7 to -7.9 kcal/mol, which was supported by the results of the AUF and the fluorescence-based enzyme assay. The developed AUF method is simple and efficient for screening potential NA inhibitors from stems and leaves of B. cusia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Fan
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yingzhe Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhihong Cheng
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guo Y, Gong P, Qian Y, Liu H, Yu B, Qi J. Rapid screening and identification of superoxide dismutase activators from traditional Chinese medicines based on affinity ultrafiltration mass chromatography combined with molecular docking. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1710:464408. [PMID: 37804579 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a comprehensive strategy integrating affinity ultrafiltration high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UF-HPLC-Q-TOF-MS), in silico molecular docking and bioassays was established to rapidly screen natural SOD activators from traditional Chinese medicines. As illustrative case studies, Schisandra chinensis, Fructus cnidii and Radix ophiopogonis were chosen to develop and verify the strategy. The HPLC-Q-TOF-MS was used to identify the compounds in comparison with reference standards and literature data. A total of eight compounds, including four biphenyl-cyclooctene ligands from Schisandra chinensis and four coumarins from Fructus cnidii, were found to potentially increase SOD activities. No ligands were found in the extract of Radix ophiopogonis. Then, in silico molecular docking was performed to investigate the binding site and binding affinity of the candidates on SOD. Compared to the nonspecific ligands screened from the extract, the specific ligands presented stronger binding affinities. In addition, the activity and kinetic parameters of the SOD-ligand were investigated through an improved pyrogallol autoxidation method. Gomisin J and xanthotoxin showed a stronger ability to increase SOD activities. The present study indicated that combining UF-HPLC-Q-TOF-MS and in silico molecular docking offers a powerful and meaningful tool to rapidly screen SOD activators from traditional Chinese medicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Puyang Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yin Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Haichun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Boyang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
| | - Jin Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Prudent R, Lemoine H, Walsh J, Roche D. Affinity selection mass spectrometry speeding drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103760. [PMID: 37660985 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Affinity selection mass spectrometry (AS-MS) has gained momentum in drug discovery. This review summarizes how this technology has slowly risen as a new paradigm in hit identification and its potential synergy with DNA encoded library technology. It presents an overview of the recent results on challenging targets and perspectives on new areas of research, such as RNA targeting with small molecules. The versatility of the approach is illustrated and strategic drivers discussed in terms of the experience of a small-medium CRO and a big pharma organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jarrod Walsh
- High Throughput Screening, Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, R&D Biopharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Didier Roche
- Edelris, Bioparc, Bioserra 1 Building, Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang H, Wang J, Wang C. Multi-target bioactive compound screening from the infructescence of Platycarya strobilacea Sieb. et Zucc. by affinity chromatography using immobilized β 2 -adrenoceptor and muscarinic-3 acetylcholine receptor as the stationary phase. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300129. [PMID: 37339788 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
As a main source for the recognition and identification of lead compounds, traditional Chinese medicine plays a pivotal role in preventing diseases for years. However, screening bioactive compounds from traditional Chinese medicine remains challenging because of the complexity of the systems and the occurrence of the synergic effect of the compounds. The infructescence of Platycarya strobilacea Sieb. et Zucc is prescribed for allergic rhinitis treatment with unknown bioactive compounds and unclear mechanisms. Herein, we immobilized the β2 -adrenoceptor and muscarine-3 acetylcholine receptor onto the silica gel surface to prepare the stationary phase in a covalent bond through one step. The feasibility of the columns was investigated by the chromatographic method. Ellagic acid and catechin were identified as the bioactive compounds targeting the receptors. The binding constants of ellagic acid were calculated to be (1.56 ± 0.23)×107 M-1 for muscarine-3 acetylcholine receptor and (2.93 ± 0.15)×107 M-1 for β2 -adrenoceptor by frontal analysis. While catechin can bind with muscarine-3 acetylcholine receptor with an affinity of (3.21 ± 0.05)×105 M-1 . Hydrogen bonds and van der Waals' force were the main driving forces for the two compounds with the receptors. The established method provides an alternative for multi-target bioactive compound screening in complex matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- HaoSen Zhang
- Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chaozhan Wang
- Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Radford HM, Toft CJ, Sorenson AE, Schaeffer PM. Inhibition of Replication Fork Formation and Progression: Targeting the Replication Initiation and Primosomal Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108802. [PMID: 37240152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 1.2 million deaths are attributed to multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria each year. Persistence of MDR bacteria is primarily due to the molecular mechanisms that permit fast replication and rapid evolution. As many pathogens continue to build resistance genes, current antibiotic treatments are being rendered useless and the pool of reliable treatments for many MDR-associated diseases is thus shrinking at an alarming rate. In the development of novel antibiotics, DNA replication is still a largely underexplored target. This review summarises critical literature and synthesises our current understanding of DNA replication initiation in bacteria with a particular focus on the utility and applicability of essential initiation proteins as emerging drug targets. A critical evaluation of the specific methods available to examine and screen the most promising replication initiation proteins is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly M Radford
- Molecular and Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Casey J Toft
- Molecular and Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Alanna E Sorenson
- Molecular and Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Patrick M Schaeffer
- Molecular and Cell Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD 4811, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang W, Mei L, Yue H, Tao Y, Liu Z. Targeted isolation of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors from Saussurea obvallata using affinity ultrafiltration combined with preparative liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1217:123620. [PMID: 36773385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Saussurea obvallata (S. obvallata) is widely used in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with high medicinal and edible values of reducing inflammation. But, the individual components and mechanisms of action still ill-defined. In this work, an integrated method using affinity ultrafiltration combined with preparative liquid chromatography was developed to identify and separate cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors from S. obvallata. The sample was pretreated using on-line medium pressure liquid chromatography to yield the active fraction. Then, the potential COX-2 ligands were screened out using affinity ultrafiltration from the targeted fraction and the identified compounds were isolated via preparative liquid chromatography. As a result, four main compounds, coniferin (1), syringin (2), roseoside (3) and grasshopper ketone (4) were targeted isolated with IC50 values of 12.34 ± 1.81, 4.04 ± 0.43, 13.91 ± 2.46 and 7.97 ± 1.21 µM, respectively. Results of this work demonstrated that the developed strategy was effective for the targeted separation of COX-2 inhibitors from natural product extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lijuan Mei
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, CAS, Xining, China
| | - Huilan Yue
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, CAS, Xining, China
| | - Yanduo Tao
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research and Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, CAS, Xining, China.
| | - Zenggen Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Reher R, Aron AT, Fajtová P, Stincone P, Wagner B, Pérez-Lorente AI, Liu C, Shalom IYB, Bittremieux W, Wang M, Jeong K, Matos-Hernandez ML, Alexander KL, Caro-Diaz EJ, Naman CB, Scanlan JHW, Hochban PMM, Diederich WE, Molina-Santiago C, Romero D, Selim KA, Sass P, Brötz-Oesterhelt H, Hughes CC, Dorrestein PC, O'Donoghue AJ, Gerwick WH, Petras D. Native metabolomics identifies the rivulariapeptolide family of protease inhibitors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4619. [PMID: 35941113 PMCID: PMC9358669 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The identity and biological activity of most metabolites still remain unknown. A bottleneck in the exploration of metabolite structures and pharmaceutical activities is the compound purification needed for bioactivity assignments and downstream structure elucidation. To enable bioactivity-focused compound identification from complex mixtures, we develop a scalable native metabolomics approach that integrates non-targeted liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and detection of protein binding via native mass spectrometry. A native metabolomics screen for protease inhibitors from an environmental cyanobacteria community reveals 30 chymotrypsin-binding cyclodepsipeptides. Guided by the native metabolomics results, we select and purify five of these compounds for full structure elucidation via tandem mass spectrometry, chemical derivatization, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as well as evaluation of their biological activities. These results identify rivulariapeptolides as a family of serine protease inhibitors with nanomolar potency, highlighting native metabolomics as a promising approach for drug discovery, chemical ecology, and chemical biology studies. Bioactivity-guided isolation of specialized metabolites is an iterative process. Here, the authors demonstrate a native metabolomics approach that allows for fast screening of complex metabolite extracts against a protein of interest and simultaneous structure annotation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Reher
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Allegra T Aron
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pavla Fajtová
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paolo Stincone
- Cluster of Excellence "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections" (CMFI), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Berenike Wagner
- Cluster of Excellence "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections" (CMFI), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Alicia I Pérez-Lorente
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Chenxi Liu
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ido Y Ben Shalom
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wout Bittremieux
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mingxun Wang
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kyowon Jeong
- Applied Bioinformatics, Computer Science Department, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marie L Matos-Hernandez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Puerto Rico - Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Kelsey L Alexander
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eduardo J Caro-Diaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Puerto Rico - Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - C Benjamin Naman
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Marine Pharmacy, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - J H William Scanlan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Phil M M Hochban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Wibke E Diederich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (ZTI), University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carlos Molina-Santiago
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Diego Romero
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora," Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Khaled A Selim
- Cluster of Excellence "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections" (CMFI), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Peter Sass
- Cluster of Excellence "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections" (CMFI), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Heike Brötz-Oesterhelt
- Cluster of Excellence "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections" (CMFI), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Chambers C Hughes
- Cluster of Excellence "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections" (CMFI), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anthony J O'Donoghue
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - William H Gerwick
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Daniel Petras
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA. .,Cluster of Excellence "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections" (CMFI), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany. .,Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Covey T. Where have all the ions gone, long time passing? Tandem quadrupole mass spectrometers with atmospheric pressure ionization sensitivity gains since the mid-1970s. A perspective. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022:e9354. [PMID: 35830299 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The gains in sensitivity since 1975 for quadrupole mass spectrometers equipped with atmospheric pressure ionization (API), and in particular triple quadrupole mass spectrometers (QqQs) since 1981, have been driven by the needs of the environmental, biomedical, agricultural, and other scientific research, industrial, regulatory, legal, and sporting communities to continually achieve lower limits of quantitation and identification. QqQs have realized a one-million-fold improvement in sensitivity attempting to address these needs over the past two score years. It is the purpose of this article to describe how that came about, not through an exhaustive review of the literature, but rather by describing what general approaches were used across the industry to improve sensitivity and provide some examples to illustrate its evolution. The majority of the gains came from the ion source and its interface to the vacuum system. "Sampling efficiency" is a measurement of the losses in this area so will be a focus of this review. The discovery of the phenomenon of collisional focusing was key to improving sampling efficiency because it enabled designs that increased the ion-containing gas loads from the ion source, using staged differential pumping backed by increasingly larger pumps, and prevented the scattering losses of ions in the resulting gas expansion inside vacuum. Likewise, systems with smaller pumps and lower ion-containing gas loads could be designed with size and cost reduction in mind while maintaining reasonable sampling efficiencies. As a consequence, advancements in the designs of both larger and smaller turbomolecular vacuum pumps were accelerated by pump manufacturers to accommodate the explosive growth in the use of API-QqQ and API-ion trap mass spectrometers that occurred in the 1990s and continued into the new millennium. Sampling efficiency was further improved by increasing the ion yield from electrospray by increasing the rate of droplet desolvation. An estimate of the practical limit to further sensitivity improvements beyond what has been achieved to date is provided to shed light on what to expect in the future. Lastly, the implications and unforeseen consequences of the sensitivity gains are considered with a particular focus on how they have enabled a dramatic increase in daily sample throughput on triple quadrupole and other types of mass spectrometers.
Collapse
|
15
|
Mak T, Rossjohn J, Littler DR, Liu M, Quinn RJ. Collision-Induced Affinity Selection Mass Spectrometry for Identification of Ligands. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2022; 2:450-455. [PMID: 37101899 PMCID: PMC10125361 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.2c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyphenated mass spectrometry has been used to identify ligands binding to proteins. It involves mixing protein and compounds, separation of protein-ligand complexes from unbound compounds, dissociation of the protein-ligand complex, separation to remove protein, and injection of the supernatant into a mass spectrometer to observe the ligand. Here we report collision-induced affinity selection mass spectrometry (CIAS-MS), which allows separation and dissociation inside the instrument. The quadrupole was used to select the ligand-protein complex and allow unbound molecules to be exhausted to vacuum. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) dissociated the protein-ligand complex, and the ion guide and resonance frequency were used to selectively detect the ligand. A known SARS-CoV-2 Nsp9 ligand, oridonin, was successfully detected when it was mixed with Nsp9. We provide proof-of-concept data that the CIAS-MS method can be used to identify binding ligands for any purified protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tin Mak
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Dene R. Littler
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Ronald J. Quinn
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
van Breemen RB, Muchiri RN, Bates TA, Weinstein JB, Leier HC, Farley S, Tafesse FG. Cannabinoids Block Cellular Entry of SARS-CoV-2 and the Emerging Variants. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:176-184. [PMID: 35007072 PMCID: PMC8768006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As a complement to vaccines, small-molecule therapeutic agents are needed to treat or prevent infections by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants, which cause COVID-19. Affinity selection-mass spectrometry was used for the discovery of botanical ligands to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Cannabinoid acids from hemp (Cannabis sativa) were found to be allosteric as well as orthosteric ligands with micromolar affinity for the spike protein. In follow-up virus neutralization assays, cannabigerolic acid and cannabidiolic acid prevented infection of human epithelial cells by a pseudovirus expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and prevented entry of live SARS-CoV-2 into cells. Importantly, cannabigerolic acid and cannabidiolic acid were equally effective against the SARS-CoV-2 alpha variant B.1.1.7 and the beta variant B.1.351. Orally bioavailable and with a long history of safe human use, these cannabinoids, isolated or in hemp extracts, have the potential to prevent as well as treat infection by SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard B. van Breemen
- Linus
Pauling Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College
of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2900 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Ruth N. Muchiri
- Linus
Pauling Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College
of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 2900 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Timothy A. Bates
- Molecular
Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health
& Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Jules B. Weinstein
- Molecular
Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health
& Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Hans C. Leier
- Molecular
Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health
& Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Scotland Farley
- Molecular
Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health
& Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Fikadu G. Tafesse
- Molecular
Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health
& Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Avital-Shmilovici M, Liu X, Shaler T, Lowenthal A, Bourbon P, Snider J, Tambo-Ong A, Repellin C, Yniguez K, Sambucetti L, Madrid PB, Collins N. Mega-High-Throughput Screening Platform for the Discovery of Biologically Relevant Sequence-Defined Non-Natural Polymers. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:86-101. [PMID: 35106376 PMCID: PMC8796305 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c01041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Combinatorial methods enable the synthesis of chemical libraries on scales of millions to billions of compounds, but the ability to efficiently screen and sequence such large libraries has remained a major bottleneck for molecular discovery. We developed a novel technology for screening and sequencing libraries of synthetic molecules of up to a billion compounds in size. This platform utilizes the fiber-optic array scanning technology (FAST) to screen bead-based libraries of synthetic compounds at a rate of 5 million compounds per minute (∼83 000 Hz). This ultra-high-throughput screening platform has been used to screen libraries of synthetic "self-readable" non-natural polymers that can be sequenced at the femtomole scale by chemical fragmentation and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The versatility and throughput of the platform were demonstrated by screening two libraries of non-natural polyamide polymers with sizes of 1.77M and 1B compounds against the protein targets K-Ras, asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGPR), IL-6, IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), and TNFα. Hits with low nanomolar binding affinities were found against all targets, including competitive inhibitors of K-Ras binding to Raf and functionally active uptake ligands for ASGPR facilitating intracellular delivery of a nonglycan ligand.
Collapse
|
18
|
Wainwright CL, Teixeira MM, Adelson DL, Buenz EJ, David B, Glaser KB, Harata-Lee Y, Howes MJR, Izzo AA, Maffia P, Mayer AM, Mazars C, Newman DJ, Nic Lughadha E, Pimenta AM, Parra JA, Qu Z, Shen H, Spedding M, Wolfender JL. Future Directions for the Discovery of Natural Product-Derived Immunomodulating Drugs. Pharmacol Res 2022; 177:106076. [PMID: 35074524 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Drug discovery from natural sources is going through a renaissance, having spent many decades in the shadow of synthetic molecule drug discovery, despite the fact that natural product-derived compounds occupy a much greater chemical space than those created through synthetic chemistry methods. With this new era comes new possibilities, not least the novel targets that have emerged in recent times and the development of state-of-the-art technologies that can be applied to drug discovery from natural sources. Although progress has been made with some immunomodulating drugs, there remains a pressing need for new agents that can be used to treat the wide variety of conditions that arise from disruption, or over-activation, of the immune system; natural products may therefore be key in filling this gap. Recognising that, at present, there is no authoritative article that details the current state-of-the-art of the immunomodulatory activity of natural products, this in-depth review has arisen from a joint effort between the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (IUPHAR) Natural Products and Immunopharmacology, with contributions from a Powered by Editorial Manager® and ProduXion Manager® from Aries Systems Corporation number of world-leading researchers in the field of natural product drug discovery, to provide a "position statement" on what natural products has to offer in the search for new immunomodulatory argents. To this end, we provide a historical look at previous discoveries of naturally occurring immunomodulators, present a picture of the current status of the field and provide insight into the future opportunities and challenges for the discovery of new drugs to treat immune-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cherry L Wainwright
- Centre for Natural Products in Health, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, UK.
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - David L Adelson
- Molecular & Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Eric J Buenz
- Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology, New Zealand.
| | - Bruno David
- Green Mission Pierre Fabre, Pierre Fabre Laboratories, Toulouse, France.
| | - Keith B Glaser
- AbbVie Inc., Integrated Discovery Operations, North Chicago, USA.
| | - Yuka Harata-Lee
- Molecular & Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Melanie-Jayne R Howes
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK.
| | - Angelo A Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Maffia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Italy; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Alejandro Ms Mayer
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, IL, USA.
| | - Claire Mazars
- Green Mission Pierre Fabre, Pierre Fabre Laboratories, Toulouse, France.
| | | | | | - Adriano Mc Pimenta
- Laboratory of Animal Venoms and Toxins, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - John Aa Parra
- Laboratory of Animal Venoms and Toxins, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Zhipeng Qu
- Molecular & Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hanyuan Shen
- Molecular & Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Muchiri RN, Kibitel J, Redick MA, van Breemen RB. Advances in Magnetic Microbead Affinity Selection Screening: Discovery of Natural Ligands to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:181-188. [PMID: 34939787 PMCID: PMC9429804 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Affinity selection-mass spectrometry, which includes magnetic microbead affinity selection-screening (MagMASS), is ideal for the discovery of ligands in complex mixtures that bind to pharmacological targets. Therapeutic agents are needed to prevent or treat COVID-19, which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Infection of human cells by SARS-CoV-2 involves binding of the virus spike protein subunit 1 (S1) to the human cell receptor angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2). Like antibodies, small molecules have the potential to block the interaction of the viral S1 protein with human ACE2 and prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, a MagMASS assay was developed for the discovery of ligands to the S1 protein. Unlike previous MagMASS approaches, this new assay used robotics for 5-fold enhancement of throughput and sensitivity. The assay was validated using the SBP-1 peptide, which is identical to the ACE2 amino acid sequence recognized by the S1 protein, and then applied to the discovery of natural ligands from botanical extracts. Small molecule ligands to the S1 protein were discovered in extracts of the licorice species, Glycyrrhiza inflata. In particular, the licorice ligand licochalcone A was identified through dereplication and comparison with standards using HPLC with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth N. Muchiri
- Linus Pauling Institute and College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | | | - Margaret A. Redick
- Linus Pauling Institute and College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
| | - Richard B. van Breemen
- Linus Pauling Institute and College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA
- Corresponding author: 373 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA, TEL: 541-737-5080,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Muchiri RN, van Breemen RB. Drug discovery from natural products using affinity selection-mass spectrometry. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2021; 40:59-63. [PMID: 34916024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As a starting point for drug discovery, affinity selection-mass spectrometry (AS-MS) is ideal for the discovery of lead compounds from chemically diverse sources such as botanical, fungal and microbial extracts. Based on binding interactions between macromolecular receptors and ligands of low molecular mass, AS-MS enables the rapid isolation of pharmacologically active small molecules from complex mixtures for mass spectrometric characterization and identification. Unlike conventional high-throughput screening, AS-MS requires no radiolabels, no UV or fluorescent chromophores, and is compatible with all classes of receptors, enzymes, incubation buffers, cofactors, and ligands. The most successful types of AS-MS include pulsed ultrafiltration (PUF) AS-MS, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) AS-MS, and magnetic microbead affinity selection screening (MagMASS), which differ in their approaches for separating the ligand-receptor complexes from the non-binding compounds in mixtures. After affinity isolation, the ligand(s) from the mixture are characterized using high resolution UHPLC-MS and tandem mass spectrometry. Based on these elemental composition and structural data, the identities of the lead compounds are determined by searching on-line databases for known natural products and by comparison with standards. The structures of novel natural products are determined using a combination of spectroscopic techniques including two-dimensional NMR and MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth N Muchiri
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States; College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Richard B van Breemen
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States; College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Development of a target identification approach using native mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2387. [PMID: 33504855 PMCID: PMC7840913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81859-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A key step in the development of new pharmaceutical drugs is the identification of the molecular target and distinguishing this from all other gene products that respond indirectly to the drug. Target identification remains a crucial process and a current bottleneck for advancing hits through the discovery pipeline. Here we report a method, that takes advantage of the specific detection of protein-ligand complexes by native mass spectrometry (MS) to probe the protein partner of a ligand in an untargeted method. The key advantage is that it uses unmodified small molecules for binding and, thereby, it does not require labelled ligands and is not limited by the chemistry required to tag the molecule. We demonstrate the use of native MS to identify known ligand-protein interactions in a protein mixture under various experimental conditions. A protein-ligand complex was successfully detected between parthenolide and thioredoxin (PfTrx) in a five-protein mixture, as well as when parthenolide was mixed in a bacterial cell lysate spiked with PfTrx. We provide preliminary data that native MS could be used to identify binding targets for any small molecule.
Collapse
|
22
|
Muchiri RN, van Breemen RB. Affinity selection-mass spectrometry for the discovery of pharmacologically active compounds from combinatorial libraries and natural products. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2021; 56:e4647. [PMID: 32955158 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Invented to address the high-throughput screening (HTS) demands of combinatorial chemistry, affinity selection-mass spectrometry (AS-MS) utilizes binding interactions between ligands and receptors to isolate pharmacologically active compounds from mixtures of small molecules and then relies on the selectivity, sensitivity, and speed of mass spectrometry to identify them. No radiolabels, fluorophores, or chromophores are required. Although many variations of AS-MS have been devised, three approaches have emerged as the most flexible, productive, and popular, and they differ primarily in how ligand-receptor complexes are separated from nonbinding compounds in the mixture. These are pulsed ultrafiltration (PUF) AS-MS, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) AS-MS, and magnetic microbead affinity selection screening (MagMASS). PUF and SEC AS-MS are solution-phase screening approaches, and MagMASS uses receptors immobilized on magnetic microbeads. Because pools of compounds are screened using AS-MS, each containing hundreds to thousands of potential ligands, hundreds of thousands of compounds can be screened per day. AS-MS is also compatible with complex mixtures of chemically diverse natural products in extracts of botanicals and fungi and microbial cultures, which often contain fluorophores and chromophores that can interfere with convention HTS. Unlike conventional HTS, AS-MS may be used to discover ligands binding to allosteric as well as orthosteric receptor sites, and AS-MS has been useful for discovering ligands to targets that are not easily incorporated into conventional HTS such as membrane-bound receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth N Muchiri
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| | - Richard B van Breemen
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tao Y, Yan J, Cai B. LABEL-FREE BIO-AFFINITY MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR SCREENING AND LOCATING BIOACTIVE MOLECULES. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:53-71. [PMID: 31755145 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the recent increase in the development of bioactive molecules in the drug industry, the enormous chemical space and lack of productivity are still important issues. Additional alternative approaches to screen and locate bioactive molecules are urgently needed. Label-free bio-affinity mass spectrometry (BA-MS) provides opportunities for the discovery and development of innovative drugs. This review provides a comprehensive portrayal of BA-MS techniques and of their applications in screening and locating bioactive molecules. After introducing the basic principles, alongside some application notes, the current state-of-the-art of BA-MS-assisted drug discovery is discussed, including native MS, size-exclusion chromatography-MS, ultrafiltration-MS, solid-phase micro-extraction-MS, and cell membrane chromatography-MS. Finally, several challenges and limitations of the current methods are summarized, with a view to potential future directions for BA-MS-assisted drug discovery. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
| | - Jizhong Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, PR China
| | - Baochang Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rapid and comprehensive profiling of α-glucosidase inhibitors in Buddleja Flos by ultrafiltration HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS with diagnostic ions filtering strategy. Food Chem 2020; 344:128651. [PMID: 33243557 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Buddleja Flos is used as yellow rice colorant and a well-known traditional Chinese medicine. But its biochemical profiling is still lack due to complex matrix. Here, ultrafiltration high-performance liquid chromatograph-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) with diagnostic ions filtering strategy was proposed for rapid and comprehensive investigation of its α-glucosidase inhibitors. As a result, 33 bioactive compounds (13 phenylethanoid glycosides and 20 flavonoids) were successfully screened and identified. In addition, α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of twenty-two references were verified. Six flavonoid aglycones (4, 28, and 30-33) showed excellent α-glucosidase inhibitory activities (IC50, from 5.11 ± 0.85 to 32.49 ± 9.76 μg/mL), much higher than that of acarbose (IC50, 195.49 ± 10.05 μg/mL). Five flavonoid-monoglycosides (7, 12, 13, 20, and 22) presented moderate inhibitory activities with IC50 from 160.98 ± 23.19 to 249.37 ± 35.83 μg/mL. Results showcased the high efficiency of proposed strategy in profiling of bioactive compounds from natural products.
Collapse
|
25
|
Gabriel J, Höfner G, Wanner KT. Combination of MS Binding Assays and affinity selection mass spectrometry for screening of structurally homogenous libraries as exemplified for a focused oxime library addressing the neuronal GABA transporter 1. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 206:112598. [PMID: 32896797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study presents an efficient screening approach based on combination of mass spectrometry (MS) based binding assays (MS Binding Assays) and affinity selection mass spectrometry (ASMS) customized for screening of structurally homogeneous libraries sharing a common mass spectrometric fragmentation pattern. After reaction of a nipecotic acid derivative possessing a hydroxylamine functionality with aldehydes, the resulting oxime library was screened accordingly toward the GABA transporter subtype 1 (GAT1), a drug target for several neurological disorders. After assessing sublibraries' activities for inhibition of reporter ligand binding, hits in active ones were directly identified. This could be achieved by recording mass transitions for the reporter ligand as well as those predicted for the library components in a single LC-MS/MS run with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. Identification of hits with a predefined affinity could be reliably accomplished by calculation of IC50-values from specific binding concentrations of library constituents and reporter ligand. Application of this strategy revealed six hits, from which two of them were resynthesized for further biological evaluation. Thereby, the best one displayed a pKi of 7.38 in MS Binding Assays and a pIC50 of 6.82 in [3H]GABA uptake assays for GAT1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Gabriel
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Höfner
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus T Wanner
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Blay V, Otero-Muras I, Annis DA. Solving the Competitive Binding Equilibria between Many Ligands: Application to High-Throughput Screening and Affinity Optimization. Anal Chem 2020; 92:12630-12638. [PMID: 32812419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Modern small-molecule drug discovery relies on the selective targeting of biological macromolecules by low-molecular weight compounds. Therefore, the binding affinities of candidate drugs to their targets are key for pharmacological activity and clinical use. For drug discovery methods where multiple drug candidates can simultaneously bind to the same target, a competition is established, and the resulting equilibrium depends on the dissociation constants and concentration of all the species present. Such coupling between all equilibrium-governing parameters complicates analysis and development of improved mixture-based, high-throughput drug discovery techniques. In this work, we present an iterative computational algorithm to solve coupled equilibria between an arbitrary number of ligands and a biomolecular target that is efficient and robust. The algorithm does not require the estimation of initial values to rapidly converge to the solution of interest. We explored binding equilibria under ligand/receptor conditions used in mixture-based library screening by affinity selection-mass spectrometry (AS-MS). Our studies support a facile method for affinity-ranking hits. The ranking method involves varying the receptor-to-ligand concentration ratio in a pool of candidate ligands in two sequential AS-MS analyses. The ranking is based on the relative change in bound ligand concentration. The method proposed does not require a known reference ligand and produces a ranking that is insensitive to variations in the concentration of individual compounds, thereby enabling the use of unpurified compounds generated by mixture-based combinatorial synthesis techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Blay
- Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Irene Otero-Muras
- BioProcess Engineering Group, IIM-CSIC, Spanish National Research Council, Vigo 36208, Spain
| | - David Allen Annis
- Aileron Therapeutics, Inc., 490 Arsenal Way, Watertown, Massachusetts 02472, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Quartararo AJ, Gates ZP, Somsen BA, Hartrampf N, Ye X, Shimada A, Kajihara Y, Ottmann C, Pentelute BL. Ultra-large chemical libraries for the discovery of high-affinity peptide binders. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3183. [PMID: 32576815 PMCID: PMC7311396 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16920-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High-diversity genetically-encoded combinatorial libraries (108-1013 members) are a rich source of peptide-based binding molecules, identified by affinity selection. Synthetic libraries can access broader chemical space, but typically examine only ~ 106 compounds by screening. Here we show that in-solution affinity selection can be interfaced with nano-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry peptide sequencing to identify binders from fully randomized synthetic libraries of 108 members-a 100-fold gain in diversity over standard practice. To validate this approach, we show that binders to a monoclonal antibody are identified in proportion to library diversity, as diversity is increased from 106-108. These results are then applied to the discovery of p53-like binders to MDM2, and to a family of 3-19 nM-affinity, α/β-peptide-based binders to 14-3-3. An X-ray structure of one of these binders in complex with 14-3-3σ is determined, illustrating the role of β-amino acids in facilitating a key binding contact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Quartararo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zachary P Gates
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Bente A Somsen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Nina Hartrampf
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Xiyun Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Arisa Shimada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kajihara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Christian Ottmann
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Bradley L Pentelute
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gabriel J, Höfner G, Wanner KT. A Library Screening Strategy Combining the Concepts of MS Binding Assays and Affinity Selection Mass Spectrometry. Front Chem 2019; 7:665. [PMID: 31637233 PMCID: PMC6787468 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of early drug development is to identify hits and leads for a target of interest. To achieve this aim, rapid, and reliable screening techniques for a huge number of compounds are needed. Mass spectrometry based binding assays (MS Binding Assays) represent a well-established technique for library screening based on competitive binding experiments revealing active sublibraries due to reduced binding of a reporter ligand and following hit identification for active libraries by deconvolution in further competitive binding experiments. In the present study, we combined the concepts of MS Binding Assays and affinity selection mass spectrometry (ASMS) to improve the efficiency of the hit identification step. In that case, only a single competitive binding experiment is performed that is in the first step analyzed for reduced binding of the reporter ligand and—only if a sublibrary is active—additionally for specific binding of individual library components. Subsequently, affinities of identified hits as well as activities of reduced sublibraries (i.e., all sublibrary components without hit) are assessed in additional competitive binding experiments. We exemplified this screening concept for the identification of ligands addressing the most widespread GABA transporter subtype in the brain (GAT1) studying in the beginning a library composed of 128 and further on a library of 1,280 well-characterized GAT1 inhibitors, drug substances, and pharmacological tool compounds. Determination of sublibraries' activities was done by quantification of bound NO711 as reporter ligand and hit identification for the active ones achieved in a further LC-ESI-MS/MS run in the multiple reaction monitoring mode enabling detection of all sublibrary components followed by hit verification and investigation of reduced sublibraries in further competitive binding experiments. In this way, we could demonstrate that all GAT1 inhibitors reducing reporter ligand binding below 50% at a concentration of 1 μM are detected reliably without generation of false positive or false negative hits. As the described strategy is apart from its reliability also highly efficient, it can be assumed to become a valuable tool in early drug research, especially for membrane integrated drug targets that are often posing problems in established screening techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Gabriel
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilian University München, Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Höfner
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilian University München, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus T Wanner
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilian University München, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kellogg JJ, Paine MF, McCune JS, Oberlies NH, Cech NB. Selection and characterization of botanical natural products for research studies: a NaPDI center recommended approach. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:1196-1221. [PMID: 30681109 PMCID: PMC6658353 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00065d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to the end of 2018 Dietary supplements, which include botanical (plant-based) natural products, constitute a multi-billion-dollar industry in the US. Regulation and quality control for this industry is an ongoing challenge. While there is general agreement that rigorous scientific studies are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of botanical natural products used by consumers, researchers conducting such studies face a unique set of challenges. Botanical natural products are inherently complex mixtures, with composition that differs depending on myriad factors including variability in genetics, cultivation conditions, and processing methods. Unfortunately, many studies of botanical natural products are carried out with poorly characterized study material, such that the results are irreproducible and difficult to interpret. This review provides recommended approaches for addressing the critical questions that researchers must address prior to in vitro or in vivo (including clinical) evaluation of botanical natural products. We describe selection and authentication of botanical material and identification of key biologically active compounds, and compare state-of-the-art methodologies such as untargeted metabolomics with more traditional targeted methods of characterization. The topics are chosen to be of maximal relevance to researchers, and are reviewed critically with commentary as to which approaches are most practical and useful and what common pitfalls should be avoided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J. Kellogg
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Mary F. Paine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Jeannine S. McCune
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Nadja B. Cech
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Caesar LK, Cech NB. Synergy and antagonism in natural product extracts: when 1 + 1 does not equal 2. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:869-888. [PMID: 31187844 PMCID: PMC6820002 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00011a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2000 to 2019 According to a 2012 survey from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 18% of the U.S. population uses natural products (including plant-based or botanical preparations) for treatment or prevention of disease. The use of plant-based medicines is even more prevalent in developing countries, where for many they constitute the primary health care modality. Proponents of the medicinal use of natural product mixtures often claim that they are more effective than purified compounds due to beneficial "synergistic" interactions. A less-discussed phenomenon, antagonism, in which effects of active constituents are masked by other compounds in a complex mixture, also occurs in natural product mixtures. Synergy and antagonism are notoriously difficult to study in a rigorous fashion, particularly given that natural products chemistry research methodology is typically devoted to reducing complexity and identifying single active constituents for drug development. This report represents a critical review with commentary about the current state of the scientific literature as it relates to studying combination effects (including both synergy and antagonism) in natural product extracts. We provide particular emphasis on analytical and Big Data approaches for identifying synergistic or antagonistic combinations and elucidating the mechanisms that underlie their interactions. Specific case studies of botanicals in which synergistic interactions have been documented are also discussed. The topic of synergy is important given that consumer use of botanical natural products and associated safety concerns continue to garner attention by the public and the media. Guidance by the natural products community is needed to provide strategies for effective evaluation of safety and toxicity of botanical mixtures and to drive discovery in botanical natural product research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay K Caesar
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Comprehensive screening and identification of natural inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitors from Radix Ophiopogonis by off-line multi-hyphenated analyses. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1592:55-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
32
|
Sawant-Basak A, Obach RS. Emerging Models of Drug Metabolism, Transporters, and Toxicity. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 46:1556-1561. [PMID: 30333205 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.084293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This commentary summarizes expert mini-reviews and original research articles that have been assembled in a special issue on novel models of drug metabolism and disposition. The special issue consists of research articles or reviews on novel static or micro-flow based models of the intestine, liver, eye, and kidney. This issue reviews static intestinal systems like mucosal scrapings and cryopreserved intestinal enterocytes, as well as novel bioengineered or chemically engineered intestinal models derived from primary human tissue, iPSCs, enteroids, and crypts. Experts have reviewed hepatic systems like cryopermeabilized Metmax hepatocytes and longer term, hepatocyte coculture system from HµREL, yielding in vivo-like primary and secondary drug metabolite profiles. Additional liver models, including micropattern hepatocyte coculture, 3D liver spheroids, and microflow systems, applicable to the study of drug disposition and toxicology have also been reviewed. In this commentary, we have outlined expert opinions and current efforts on hepatic- and nephrotoxicity models. Ocular disposition models including corneal permeability models have been included within this special issue. This commentary provides a summary of in vivo mini-reviews of the issue, which have discussed the applications and drawbacks of pig and humanized mice models of P450, UGT, and rat organic anionic transporting polypeptide 1a4. While not extensively reviewed, novel positron emissions tomography imaging-based approaches to study the distribution of xenobiotics have been highlighted. This commentary also outlines in vitro and in vivo models of drug metabolism derived from breakthrough genetic, chromosomal, and tissue engineering techniques. The commentary concludes by providing a futuristic view of the novel models discussed in this issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Sawant-Basak
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Clinical Pharmacology, Cambridge, Massachusetts (A.S.-B.) and Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Groton, Connecticut (R.S.O.)
| | - R Scott Obach
- Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Clinical Pharmacology, Cambridge, Massachusetts (A.S.-B.) and Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Groton, Connecticut (R.S.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fu Y, Luo J, Qin J, Yang M. Screening techniques for the identification of bioactive compounds in natural products. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 168:189-200. [PMID: 30825802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural products (NPs) have a long history of clinical use and are rich source of bioactive compounds. The development of tools and techniques for identifying and analyzing NP bioactive compounds to ensure their quality and discover new drugs is thus very important and still in demand. Screening techniques have proven highly useful for screening and analyzing active components in complex mixtures, which rely on cell culture, dialysis, ultrafiltration, chromatographic methods and target molecule immobilization, using biological targets to identify the active compounds. The recent progress in biological screening techniques in the field of natural products is reviewed here. This includes a review on the strategy and application of the screening methods, their detailed description and discussion of their existing limitations of the different models along with prospective in future development of screening techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiaoyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiaan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Li L, Kong J, Yao CH, Liu XF, Liu JH. Rapid identification of urokinase plasminogen activator inhibitors from Traditional Chinese Medicines based on ultrafiltration, LC-MS and in silico docking. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 164:241-248. [PMID: 30396051 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) is regarded as the crucial trigger for plasmin generation, which is involved in several diseases especially for neoplasm metastasis. In this study, an efficient approach integrating ultrafiltration, LC/MS, bioassay and in silico docking, was proposed for rapidly detecting uPA ligands from Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs). Forty-two TCMs were initially assessed, and as illustrative case studies, Galla Chinensis and Sanguisorbae Radix, which appeared significant inhibitory activities on uPA, were chosen to develpe and verify the strategy. A total of seven uPA ligands were successfully detected and identified. Two of them, pentagalloylglucose and 28-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl pomolic acid, were demonstrated to be potential inhibitors, with IC50 at 1.639 μM and 37.82 μM repectively. Furthermore, a combinatorial compound library screening combined with in silico docking assay, was revealed that ursolic acid (IC50 = 2.623 μM) was also speculated to be a potent parent structure for inhibition of uPA. This approach offers a multidimensional perspective to discover uPA-binding leading compounds from TCMs or other complex mixtures, which would provide an efficient route for drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China
| | - Jing Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China
| | - Chun-Hua Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China
| | - Xiu-Feng Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China.
| | - Ji-Hua Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chen G, Huang BX, Guo M. Current advances in screening for bioactive components from medicinal plants by affinity ultrafiltration mass spectrometry. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2018; 29:375-386. [PMID: 29785715 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medicinal plants have played an important role in maintaining human health for thousands of years. However, the interactions between the active components in medicinal plants and some certain biological targets during a disease are still unclear in most cases. OBJECTIVE To conduct the high-throughput screening for small active molecules that can interact with biological targets, which is of great theoretical significance and practical value. METHODOLOGY The ultrafiltration mass spectrometry (UF-LC/MS) is a powerful bio-analytical method by combining affinity ultrafiltration and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS), which could rapidly screen and identify small active molecules that bind to biological targets of interest at the same time. Compared with other analytical methods, affinity UF-LC/MS has the characteristics of fast, sensitive and high throughput, and is especially suitable for the complicated extracts of medicinal plants. RESULTS In this review, the basic principle, characteristics and some most recent challenges in UF-LC/MS have been demonstrated. Meanwhile, the progress and applications of affinity UF-LC/MS in the discovery of the active components from natural medicinal plants and the interactions between small molecules and biological target proteins are also briefly summarised. In addition, the future directions for UF-LC/MS are also prospected. CONCLUSION Affinity UF-LC/MS is a powerful tool in studies on the interactions between small active molecules and biological protein targets, especially in the high-throughput screening of active components from the natural medicinal plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430074, Wuhan, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430074, Wuhan, China
| | - Bill X Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mingquan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430074, Wuhan, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430074, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chen L, Lv D, Chen X, Liu M, Wang D, Liu Y, Hong Z, Zhu Z, Hu X, Cao Y, Yang J, Chai Y. Biosensor-Based Active Ingredients Recognition System for Screening STAT3 Ligands from Medical Herbs. Anal Chem 2018; 90:8936-8945. [PMID: 29953204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Langdong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Diya Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Mingdong Liu
- Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Dongyao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Zhanying Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Hu
- Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Yan Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Yifeng Chai
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Guo H, Peng H, Emili A. Mass spectrometry methods to study protein-metabolite interactions. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:1271-1280. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1378178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Guo
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Emili
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
VanderPorten EC, Scholle MD, Sherrill J, Tran JC, Liu Y. Identification of Small-Molecule Noncovalent Binders Utilizing SAMDI Technology. SLAS DISCOVERY 2017; 22:1211-1217. [DOI: 10.1177/2472555217712761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the ability to unambiguously identify complex mixtures of analytes with high accuracy and resolving power in a label-free format continues to expand the application of mass spectrometry (MS) in the drug discovery process. This advantage combined with improved instrumentation makes MS suitable for targets with limited alternative assays for high-throughput screening (HTS). We describe a novel screening format using Self-Assembled Monolayers and matrix-assisted laser Desorption Ionization (SAMDI) technology. SAMDI enables affinity capture of a target protein for use in a small-molecule–binding assay format. Subsequent ionization enables the inferred identification of noncovalent compound interactions. SAMDI technology overcomes shot-to-shot variability by uniformly saturating the surface with captured protein, thereby minimizing matrix crystallization “hot spots.” Furthermore, the combination with high-resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight significantly reduces interference of small-molecule detection from salt, detergent, and matrix. By using a pooled library format, the SAMDI assay can significantly improve the throughput of MS-based screening irrespective of enzyme activity. Finally, we demonstrate binding affinity rank ordering from a pool of compounds that correlates with potency data from a biochemical assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica C. VanderPorten
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology Department, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - John C. Tran
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology Department, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yichin Liu
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology Department, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rush MD, Walker EM, Prehna G, Burton T, van Breemen RB. Development of a Magnetic Microbead Affinity Selection Screen (MagMASS) Using Mass Spectrometry for Ligands to the Retinoid X Receptor-α. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:479-485. [PMID: 27966173 PMCID: PMC5352471 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1564-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
To overcome limiting factors in mass spectrometry-based screening methods such as automation while still facilitating the screening of complex mixtures such as botanical extracts, magnetic microbead affinity selection screening (MagMASS) was developed. The screening process involves immobilization of a target protein on a magnetic microbead using a variety of possible chemistries, incubation with mixtures of molecules containing possible ligands, a washing step that removes non-bound compounds while a magnetic field retains the beads in the microtiter well, and an organic solvent release step followed by LC-MS analysis. Using retinoid X receptor-α (RXRα) as an example, which is a nuclear receptor and target for anti-inflammation therapy as well as cancer treatment and prevention, a MagMASS assay was developed and compared with an existing screening assay, pulsed ultrafiltration (PUF)-MS. Optimization of MagMASS involved evaluation of multiple protein constructs and several magnetic bead immobilization chemistries. The full-length RXRα construct immobilized with amylose beads provided optimum results. Additional enhancements of MagMASS were the application of 96-well plates to enable automation, use of UHPLC instead of HPLC for faster MS analyses, and application of metabolomics software for faster, automated data analysis. Performance of MagMASS was demonstrated using mixtures of synthetic compounds and known ligands spiked into botanical extracts. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Rush
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elisabeth M Walker
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gerd Prehna
- Center for Structural Biology Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tristesse Burton
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard B van Breemen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Song H, Wang H, Liang J, Qian C, Wu S, Xu W, Wu B, Liu X, Li P, Yang H. Integration of Multiple Analytical and Computational Tools for the Discovery of High‐Potency Enzyme Inhibitors from Herbal Medicines. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:2588-2597. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui‐Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Jin‐Xiu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Cheng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Si‐Qi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Wen‐Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Bin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Xin‐Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Cieśla Ł, Moaddel R. Comparison of analytical techniques for the identification of bioactive compounds from natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:1131-45. [PMID: 27367973 PMCID: PMC5042860 DOI: 10.1039/c6np00016a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2000 to 2016Natural product extracts are a rich source of bioactive compounds. As a result, the screening of natural products for the identification of novel biologically active metabolites has been an essential part of several drug discovery programs. It is estimated that more than 70% of all drugs approved from 1981 and 2006, were either derived from or structurally similar to nature based compounds indicating the necessity for the development of a rapid method for the identification of novel compounds from plant extracts. The screening of biological matrices for the identification of novel modulators is nevertheless still challenging. In this review we discuss current techniques in phytochemical analysis and the identification of biologically active components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Cieśla
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, Biomedical Research Center, 8C232, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wei H, Zhang X, Tian X, Wu G. Pharmaceutical applications of affinity-ultrafiltration mass spectrometry: Recent advances and future prospects. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 131:444-453. [PMID: 27668554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The immunoaffinity of protein with ligand is broadly involved in many bioanalytical methods. Affinity-ultrafiltration mass spectrometry (AUF-MS), a platform based on interaction of protein-ligand affinity, has been developed to fish out interesting molecules from complex matrixes. Here we reviewed the basics of AUF-MS and its recent applications to pharmaceutical field, i.e. target-oriented discovery of lead compounds from combinatorial libraries and natural product extracts, and determination of free drug concentration in biosamples. Selected practical examples were highlighted to illustrate the advances of AUF-MS in pharmaceutical fields. The future prospects were also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Guanghua Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hsieh F, Keshishian H, Muir C. Automated High Throughput Multiple Target Screening of Molecular Libraries by Microfluidic MALDI-TOF MS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/108705719800300305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Novel analytical techniques are demanded in parallel in the automated combinatorial library syntheses for accelerating the process of drug discovery. In this study, the integration of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and robotics for simultaneously identifying lead compounds with activity against multiple enzyme targets has been shown. MALDI-TOF MS monitors the interactions between multienzyme targets and a library of compounds and then identifies individual compounds from molecular libraries that affect the enzymatic activities of multiplexed target molecules to catalyze the conversion of substrates to products. The novel mass spectrometry screening in high-density format (~4,000 samples in a single 4.5 × 4.5 cm MALDI plate) provides much higher throughput over traditional screening approaches in terms of multiplex targets, attomole-level sensitivity, very low volume of samples required (10−9−10−121), and data acquisition for each sample within ten sec. The microfluidic multiple target screening approach mass spectrometry was shown for discovery of enzyme inhibitors as potential lead compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Hsieh
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Hasmik Keshishian
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Craig Muir
- Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., 640 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, MA 02139
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Song HP, Chen J, Hong JY, Hao H, Qi LW, Lu J, Fu Y, Wu B, Yang H, Li P. A strategy for screening of high-quality enzyme inhibitors from herbal medicines based on ultrafiltration LC-MS and in silico molecular docking. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:1494-7. [PMID: 25503795 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc08728c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel strategy of ultrafiltration LC-MS and in silico molecular docking was proposed to discover high-quality enzyme inhibitors from herbal medicines. Using this strategy, two compounds were predicted and finally demonstrated as potent xanthine oxidase inhibitors, whose in vitro IC50 values were lower than that of a positive control allopurinol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24, Tongjia Lane, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chen X, Qin S, Chen S, Li J, Li L, Wang Z, Wang Q, Lin J, Yang C, Shui W. A ligand-observed mass spectrometry approach integrated into the fragment based lead discovery pipeline. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8361. [PMID: 25666181 PMCID: PMC4322365 DOI: 10.1038/srep08361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In fragment-based lead discovery (FBLD), a cascade combining multiple orthogonal technologies is required for reliable detection and characterization of fragment binding to the target. Given the limitations of the mainstream screening techniques, we presented a ligand-observed mass spectrometry approach to expand the toolkits and increase the flexibility of building a FBLD pipeline especially for tough targets. In this study, this approach was integrated into a FBLD program targeting the HCV RNA polymerase NS5B. Our ligand-observed mass spectrometry analysis resulted in the discovery of 10 hits from a 384-member fragment library through two independent screens of complex cocktails and a follow-up validation assay. Moreover, this MS-based approach enabled quantitative measurement of weak binding affinities of fragments which was in general consistent with SPR analysis. Five out of the ten hits were then successfully translated to X-ray structures of fragment-bound complexes to lay a foundation for structure-based inhibitor design. With distinctive strengths in terms of high capacity and speed, minimal method development, easy sample preparation, low material consumption and quantitative capability, this MS-based assay is anticipated to be a valuable addition to the repertoire of current fragment screening techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Discovery Center, Tianjin Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shanshan Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Discovery Center, Tianjin Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Discovery Center, Tianjin Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical and Department of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lixin Li
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Discovery Center, Tianjin Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zhongling Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Discovery Center, Tianjin Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Quan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Discovery Center, Tianjin Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jianping Lin
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Discovery Center, Tianjin Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical and Department of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Discovery Center, Tianjin Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin 300457, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical and Department of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wenqing Shui
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Rapid screening natural-origin lipase inhibitors from hypolipidemic decoctions by ultrafiltration combined with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 104:67-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
47
|
Jin Y, Cheng X, Yang F, Fu L. Ultracentrifugation-based multi-target affinity selection mass spectrometry. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra22983a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A rate-zonal density gradient ultracentrifugation-based affinity selection mass spectrometry approach has been developed for simultaneous multi-target screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jin
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- PR China
| | - Xueheng Cheng
- DMPK & Bioanalysis
- Vivo Biotech Ltd
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Fengzhi Yang
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- PR China
| | - Lei Fu
- School of Pharmacy
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200240
- PR China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
O’Connell TN, Ramsay J, Rieth SF, Shapiro MJ, Stroh JG. Solution-Based Indirect Affinity Selection Mass Spectrometry—A General Tool For High-Throughput Screening Of Pharmaceutical Compound Libraries. Anal Chem 2014; 86:7413-20. [DOI: 10.1021/ac500938y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N. O’Connell
- Center of Chemistry Innovation and Excellence and ‡Research Informatics, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jason Ramsay
- Center of Chemistry Innovation and Excellence and ‡Research Informatics, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Steven F. Rieth
- Center of Chemistry Innovation and Excellence and ‡Research Informatics, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Michael J. Shapiro
- Center of Chemistry Innovation and Excellence and ‡Research Informatics, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Justin G. Stroh
- Center of Chemistry Innovation and Excellence and ‡Research Informatics, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Chen X, Li L, Chen S, Xu Y, Xia Q, Guo Y, Liu X, Tang Y, Zhang T, Chen Y, Yang C, Shui W. Identification of inhibitors of the antibiotic-resistance target New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 by both nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry and ultrafiltration liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry approaches. Anal Chem 2013; 85:7957-65. [PMID: 23863032 DOI: 10.1021/ac401732d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based platforms have gained increasing success in discovery of ligands bound to therapeutic targets as drug candidates. We established both a nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nanoESI-MS) assay and an ultrafiltration liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) assay to identify new ligands for New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 (NDM-1), responsible for worldwide antibiotic resistance. To alleviate nonspecific binding of hydrophobic compounds and eliminate false positives typically encountered in the indirect LC/MS-based assay, we introduced a blocking protein in the control, which remarkably enhances the selectivity and accuracy of the indirect approach. Side-by-side comparison of the two MS-based approaches for the first time further reveals unique advantages of the indirect approach, including better reproducibility and tolerance of interference. Moreover, the success of fishing out a potent ligand from a mixture of small-molecule fragments demonstrates great potential of the indirect LC/MS-based approach for constructing a robust screening platform against combinatorial libraries or natural product extracts. More importantly, by combining the results of MS-based analyses, enzymatic activity assay, competition experiments, and structural simulation, we discovered a new compound as a promising drug candidate targeting NDM-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Tianjin State Laboratory of Protein Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bioactivity fingerprint analysis of cyclooxygenase-2 ligands from radix Aconiti by ultrafiltration–UPLC–MSn. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:7437-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|