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Wang Y, Pradhan A, Gupta P, Hanrieder J, Zetterberg H, Cans AS. Analyzing Fusion Pore Dynamics and Counting the Number of Acetylcholine Molecules Released by Exocytosis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:25902-25906. [PMID: 39259049 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c08450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) is a critical neurotransmitter influencing various neurophysiological functions. Despite its significance, quantitative methods with adequate spatiotemporal resolution for recording a single exocytotic ACh efflux are lacking. In this study, we introduce an ultrafast amperometric ACh biosensor that enables 50 kHz electrochemical recording of spontaneous single exocytosis events at axon terminals of differentiated cholinergic human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells with sub-millisecond temporal resolution. Characterization of the recorded amperometric traces revealed seven distinct current spike types, each displaying variations in shape, time scale, and ACh quantities released. This finding suggests that exocytotic release is governed by complex fusion pore dynamics in these cells. The absolute number of ACh molecules released during exocytosis was quantified by calibrating the sensor through the electroanalysis of liposomes preloaded with varying ACh concentrations. Notably, the largest quantal release involving approximately 8000 ACh molecules likely represents full exocytosis, while a smaller release of 5000 ACh molecules may indicate partial exocytosis. Following a local administration of bafilomycin A1, a V-ATPase inhibitor, the cholinergic cells exhibited both a larger quantity of ACh released and a higher frequency of exocytosis events. Therefore, this ACh sensor provides a means to monitor minute amounts of ACh and investigate regulatory release mechanisms at the single-cell level, which is vital for understanding healthy brain function and pathologies and optimizing drug treatment for disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmo Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 4, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ajay Pradhan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-43141 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Pankaj Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 4, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jörg Hanrieder
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-43141 Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG London, U.K
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, SE-43141 Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG London, U.K
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, The Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-43141 Mölndal, Sweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, WC1N 3BG London, U.K
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, 999077 Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, United States
| | - Ann-Sofie Cans
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 4, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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2
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Wang Q, Yang C, Chen S, Li J. Miniaturized Electrochemical Sensing Platforms for Quantitative Monitoring of Glutamate Dynamics in the Central Nervous System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406867. [PMID: 38829963 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Glutamate is one of the most important excitatory neurotransmitters within the mammalian central nervous system. The role of glutamate in regulating neural network signaling transmission through both synaptic and extra-synaptic paths highlights the importance of the real-time and continuous monitoring of its concentration and dynamics in living organisms. Progresses in multidisciplinary research have promoted the development of electrochemical glutamate sensors through the co-design of materials, interfaces, electronic devices, and integrated systems. This review summarizes recent works reporting various electrochemical sensor designs and their applicability as miniaturized neural probes to in vivo sensing within biological environments. We start with an overview of the role and physiological significance of glutamate, the metabolic routes, and its presence in various bodily fluids. Next, we discuss the design principles, commonly employed validation models/protocols, and successful demonstrations of multifunctional, compact, and bio-integrated devices in animal models. The final section provides an outlook on the development of the next generation glutamate sensors for neuroscience and neuroengineering, with the aim of offering practical guidance for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Chunyu Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shulin Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jinghua Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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3
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Zhang Y, Liu J, Mao X, Fan H, Li F, Wang S, Li J, Li M, Zuo X. Reconstruction of Vesicle Assemblies with DNA Nanorulers for Resolving Heterogeneity of Vesicles in Live Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308344. [PMID: 37921116 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale vesicles such as synaptic vesicles play a pivotal role in efficient interneuronal communications in vivo. However, the coexistence of single vesicle and vesicle clusters in living cells increases the heterogeneity of vesicle populations, which largely complicates the quantitative analysis of the vesicles. The high spatiotemporal monitoring of vesicle assemblies is currently incompletely resolved. Here, this work uses synthetic vesicles and DNA nanorulers to reconstruct in vitro the vesicle assemblies that mimic vesicle clusters in living cells. DNA nanorulers program the lateral distance of vesicle assemblies from 3 to 10 nm. This work uses the carbon fiber nanoelectrode (CFNE) to amperometric monitor artificial vesicle assemblies with sub-10 nm interspaces, and obtain a larger proportion of complex events. This work resolves the heterogeneity of individual vesicle release kinetics in PC12 cells with the temporal resolution down to ≈0.1 ms. This work further analyzes the aggregation state of intracellular vesicles and the exocytosis of living cells with electrochemical vesicle cytometry. The results indicate that the exocytosis of vesicle clusters is critically dependent on the size of clusters. This technology has the potential as a tool to shed light on the heterogeneity analysis of vesicle populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jiangbo Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xiuhai Mao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Hongxuan Fan
- Shanghai Soong Ching Ling School, Shanghai, 201700, China
| | - Fan Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shaopeng Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Institute of Materials Biology, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xiaolei Zuo
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
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4
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Rajarathinam T, Thirumalai D, Jayaraman S, Yang S, Ishigami A, Yoon JH, Paik HJ, Lee J, Chang SC. Glutamate oxidase sheets-Prussian blue grafted amperometric biosensor for the real time monitoring of glutamate release from primary cortical neurons. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127903. [PMID: 37939751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate (GLU) is a primary excitatory neurotransmitter, and its dysregulation is associated with several neurodegenerative disorders. A major challenge in GLU estimation is the existence of other biomolecules in the brain that could directly get oxidized at the electrode. Hence, highly selective electroenzymatic biosensors that enable rapid estimation of GLU are needed. Initially, a copolymer, poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate- styrene) was synthesized through reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization to noncovalently functionalize reduced graphene oxide (rGO), named DS-rGO. Glutamate oxidase macromolecule immobilized DS-rGO formed enzyme nanosheets, which was drop-coated over Prussian blue electrodeposited disposable electrodes to fabricate the GLU biosensor. The interconnectivity between the enzyme nanosheets and the Prussian blue endows the biosensor with enhanced conductivity and electrochemical activity. The biosensor exhibited a linearity: 3.25-250 μM; sensitivity: 3.96 μA mM-1 cm-2, and a limit of detection: 0.96 μM for GLU in the Neurobasal Medium. The biosensor was applied to an in vitro primary rat cortical model to discriminate GLU levels in Neurobasal Medium, before and after KCl mediated depolarization, which provides new insights for elucidating neuronal functioning in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thenmozhi Rajarathinam
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dinakaran Thirumalai
- BIT Convergence-based Innovative Drug Development Targeting Metainflammation, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sivaguru Jayaraman
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonguk Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Akihito Ishigami
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Jang-Hee Yoon
- Busan Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jong Paik
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Cheol Chang
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Kimble L, Twiddy JS, Berger JM, Forderhase AG, McCarty GS, Meitzen J, Sombers LA. Simultaneous, Real-Time Detection of Glutamate and Dopamine in Rat Striatum Using Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry. ACS Sens 2023; 8:4091-4100. [PMID: 37962541 PMCID: PMC10683757 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate and dopamine (DA) represent two key contributors to striatal functioning, a region of the brain that is essential to motor coordination and motivated behavior. While electroanalytical techniques can be utilized for rapid, spatially resolved detection of DA in the interferent-rich brain environment, glutamate, a nonelectroactive analyte, cannot be directly detected using electroanalytical techniques. However, it can be probed using enzyme-based sensors, which generate an electroactive reporter in the presence of glutamate. The vast majority of glutamate biosensors have relied on amperometric sensing, which is an inherently nonselective detection technique. This approach necessitates the use of complex and performance-limiting modifications to ensure the desired single-analyte specificity. Here, we present a novel glutamate microbiosensor fabricated on a carbon-fiber microelectrode substrate and coupled with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) to enable the simultaneous quantification of glutamate and DA at single recording sites in the brain, which is impossible when using typical amperometric approaches. The glutamate microbiosensors were characterized for sensitivity, stability, and selectivity by using a voltammetric waveform optimized for the simultaneous detection of both species. The applicability of these sensors for the investigation of neural circuits was validated in the rat ventral striatum. Electrically evoked glutamate and DA release were recorded at single-micrometer-scale locations before and after pharmacological manipulation of glutamatergic signaling. Our novel glutamate microbiosensor advances the state of the art by providing a powerful tool for probing coordination between these two species in a way that has previously not been possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laney
C. Kimble
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jack S. Twiddy
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, North
Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jenna M. Berger
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Alexandra G. Forderhase
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Gregory S. McCarty
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - John Meitzen
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Leslie A. Sombers
- Department
of Chemistry, Department of Biological Sciences, and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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6
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Amouzadeh Tabrizi M. A Facile Method for the Fabrication of the Microneedle Electrode and Its Application in the Enzymatic Determination of Glutamate. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:828. [PMID: 37622914 PMCID: PMC10452303 DOI: 10.3390/bios13080828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a simple method has been used in the fabrication of a microneedle electrode (MNE). To do this, firstly, a commercial self-dissolving microneedle patch has been used to make a hard-polydimethylsiloxane-based micro-pore mold (MPM). Then, the pores of the MPM were filled with the conductive platinum (Pt) paste and cured in an oven. Afterward, the MNE made of platinum (Pt-MNE) was characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To prove the electrochemical applicability of the Pt-MNE, the glutamate oxidase enzyme was immobilized on the surface of the electrode, to detect glutamate, using the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) methods. The obtained results demonstrated that the fabricated biosensor could detect a glutamate concentration in the range of 10-150 µM. The limits of detection (LODs) (three standard deviations of the blank/slope) were also calculated to be 0.25 µM and 0.41 µM, using CV and CA, respectively. Furthermore, the Michaelis-Menten constant (KMapp) of the biosensor was calculated to be 296.48 µM using a CA method. The proposed biosensor was finally applied, to detect the glutamate concentration in human serum samples. The presented method for the fabrication of the mold signifies a step further toward the fabrication of a microneedle electrode.
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7
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Yang XK, Zhang FL, Jin XK, Jiao YT, Zhang XW, Liu YL, Amatore C, Huang WH. Nanoelectrochemistry reveals how soluble Aβ 42 oligomers alter vesicular storage and release of glutamate. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219994120. [PMID: 37126689 PMCID: PMC10175745 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219994120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate (Glu) is the major excitatory transmitter in the nervous system. Impairment of its vesicular release by β-amyloid (Aβ) oligomers is thought to participate in pathological processes leading to Alzheimer's disease. However, it remains unclear whether soluble Aβ42 oligomers affect intravesicular amounts of Glu or their release in the brain, or both. Measurements made in this work on single Glu varicosities with an amperometric nanowire Glu biosensor revealed that soluble Aβ42 oligomers first caused a dramatic increase in vesicular Glu storage and stimulation-induced release, accompanied by a high level of parallel spontaneous exocytosis, ultimately resulting in the depletion of intravesicular Glu content and greatly reduced release. Molecular biology tools and mouse models of Aβ amyloidosis have further established that the transient hyperexcitation observed during the primary pathological stage is mediated by an altered behavior of VGLUT1 responsible for transporting Glu into synaptic vesicles. Thereafter, an overexpression of Vps10p-tail-interactor-1a, a protein that maintains spontaneous release of neurotransmitters by selective interaction with t-SNAREs, resulted in a depletion of intravesicular Glu content, triggering advanced-stage neuronal malfunction. These findings are expected to open perspectives for remediating Aβ42-induced neuronal hyperactivity and neuronal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ke Yang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fu-Li Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Ke Jin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ting Jiao
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin-Wei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Christian Amatore
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, People’s Republic of China
- PASTEUR, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences Lettre Research University, Sorbonne University, & University Pierre and Marie Curie, 0675005Paris, France
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan430071, People’s Republic of China
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Cho W, Yoon SH, Chung TD. Streamlining the interface between electronics and neural systems for bidirectional electrochemical communication. Chem Sci 2023; 14:4463-4479. [PMID: 37152246 PMCID: PMC10155913 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00338h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Seamless neural interfaces conjoining neurons and electrochemical devices hold great potential for highly efficient signal transmission across neural systems and the external world. Signal transmission through chemical sensing and stimulation via electrochemistry is remarkable because communication occurs through the same chemical language of neurons. Emerging strategies based on synaptic interfaces, iontronics-based neuromodulation, and improvements in selective neurosensing techniques have been explored to achieve seamless integration and efficient neuro-electronics communication. Synaptic interfaces can directly exchange signals to and from neurons, in a similar manner to that of chemical synapses. Hydrogel-based iontronic chemical delivery devices are operationally compatible with neural systems for improved neuromodulation. In this perspective, we explore developments to improve the interface between neurons and electrodes by targeting neurons or sub-neuronal regions including synapses. Furthermore, recent progress in electrochemical neurosensing and iontronics-based chemical delivery is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonkyung Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Heui Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Dong Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology Suwon-si 16229 Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
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Smutok O, Katz E. Biosensors: Electrochemical Devices-General Concepts and Performance. BIOSENSORS 2022; 13:44. [PMID: 36671878 PMCID: PMC9855974 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This review provides a general overview of different biosensors, mostly concentrating on electrochemical analytical devices, while briefly explaining general approaches to various kinds of biosensors, their construction and performance. A discussion on how all required components of biosensors are brought together to perform analytical work is offered. Different signal-transducing mechanisms are discussed, particularly addressing the immobilization of biomolecular components in the vicinity of a transducer interface and their functional integration with electronic devices. The review is mostly addressing general concepts of the biosensing processes rather than specific modern achievements in the area.
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Damavandi AR, Mirmosayyeb O, Ebrahimi N, Zalpoor H, khalilian P, Yahiazadeh S, Eskandari N, Rahdar A, Kumar PS, Pandey S. Advances in nanotechnology versus stem cell therapy for the theranostics of multiple sclerosis disease. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-022-02698-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Zhao M, Li Y, Wang F, Ren Y, Wei D. A CRISPRi mediated self-inducible system for dynamic regulation of TCA cycle and improvement of itaconic acid production in Escherichia coli. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2022; 7:982-988. [PMID: 35782485 PMCID: PMC9213231 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Itaconic acid (ITA), an effective alternative fossil fuel, derives from the bypass pathway of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Therefore, the imbalance of metabolic flux between TCA cycle and ITA biosynthetic pathway seriously limits the production of ITA. The optimization of flux distribution between biomass and production has the potential to the productivity of ITA. Based on the previously constructed strain Escherichia coli MG1655 Δ1-SAS-3 (ITA titer: 1.87 g/L), a CRISPRi-mediated self-inducible system (CiMS), which contained a responsive module based on the ITA biosensor YpItcR/P ccl and a regulative CRISPRi-mediated interferential module, was developed to regulate the flux of the TCA cycle and to enhance the capacity of the strain to produce ITA. First, a higher ITA-yielding strain, Δ4-P rmd -SAS-3 (ITA titer: 3.20 g/L), derived from Δ1-SAS-3, was constructed by replacing the promoter P J23100 , for the expression of ITA synthesis genes, with P rmd and knocking out the three bypass genes poxB, pflB, and ldhA. Subsequently, the CiMS was used to inhibit the expression of key genes icd, pykA, and sucCD to dynamically balance the metabolic flux between TCA cycle and ITA biosynthetic pathway during the ITA production stage. The constructed strain Δ4-P rmd -SAS-3 under the dynamic regulation of the CiMS, showed a 23% increase in the ITA titer, which reached 3.93 g/L. This study indicated that CiMS was a practical strategy to dynamically and precisely regulated the metabolic flux in microbial cell factories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhao
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Microbiology Molecular Breeding, College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Yuting Li
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Fengqing Wang
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuhong Ren
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Dongzhi Wei
- State Key Lab of Bioreactor Engineering, Newworld Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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12
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Zhang Y, Liu J, Jing X, Li F, Mao X, Li M. Monitoring of Intracellular Vesicles in Cultured Neurons at Different Growth Stages Using Intracellular Vesicle Electrochemical Cytometry. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Jiangbo Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Xinxin Jing
- Institute of Molecular Medicine Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Fan Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Xiuhai Mao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
| | - Min Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200127 China
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13
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Iwata T, Okumura Y, Okumura K, Horio T, Doi H, Takahashi K, Sawada K. Redox Sensor Array with 23.5-μm Resolution for Real-Time Imaging of Hydrogen Peroxide and Glutamate Based on Charge-Transfer-Type Potentiometric Sensor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:7682. [PMID: 34833757 PMCID: PMC8618362 DOI: 10.3390/s21227682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Towards clarifying the spatio-temporal neurotransmitter distribution, potentiometric redox sensor arrays with 23.5-µm resolution were fabricated. The sensor array based on a charge-transfer-type potentiometric sensor comprises 128×128 pixels with gold electrodes deposited on the surface of pixels. The sensor output corresponding to the interfacial potential of the electrode changed logarithmically with the mixture ratio of K3Fe(CN)6 and K4Fe(CN)6, where the redox sensitivity reached 49.9 mV/dec. By employing hydrogen peroxidase as an enzyme and ferrocene as an electron mediator, the sensing characteristics for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were investigated. The analyses of the sensing characteristics revealed that the sensitivity was about 44.7 mV/dec., comparable to the redox sensitivity, while the limit of detection (LOD) was achieved to be 1 µM. Furthermore, the oxidation state of the electron mediator can be the key to further lowering the LOD. Then, by immobilizing oxidizing enzyme for H2O2 and glutamate oxidase, glutamate (Glu) measurements were conducted. As a result, similar sensitivity and LOD to those of H2O2 were obtained. Finally, the real-time distribution of 1 µM Glu was visualized, demonstrating the feasibility of our device as a high-resolution bioimaging technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Iwata
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 4418580, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.O.); (T.H.); (H.D.); (K.T.); (K.S.)
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu 9390398, Japan
| | - Yuki Okumura
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 4418580, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.O.); (T.H.); (H.D.); (K.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Koichi Okumura
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 4418580, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.O.); (T.H.); (H.D.); (K.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Tomoko Horio
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 4418580, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.O.); (T.H.); (H.D.); (K.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Hideo Doi
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 4418580, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.O.); (T.H.); (H.D.); (K.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Kazuhiro Takahashi
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 4418580, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.O.); (T.H.); (H.D.); (K.T.); (K.S.)
| | - Kazuaki Sawada
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 4418580, Japan; (Y.O.); (K.O.); (T.H.); (H.D.); (K.T.); (K.S.)
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14
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Clay M, Monbouquette HG. Simulated Performance of Electroenzymatic Glutamate Biosensors In Vivo Illuminates the Complex Connection to Calibration In Vitro. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:4275-4285. [PMID: 34734695 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailed simulations show that the relationship between electroenzymatic glutamate (Glut) sensor performance in vitro and that modeled in vivo is complicated by the influence of both resistances to mass transfer and clearance rates of Glut and H2O2 in the brain extracellular space (ECS). Mathematical modeling provides a powerful means to illustrate how these devices are expected to respond to a variety of conditions in vivo in ways that cannot be accomplished readily using existing experimental techniques. Through the use of transient model simulations in one spatial dimension, it is shown that the sensor response in vivo may exhibit much greater dependence on H2O2 mass transfer and clearance in the surrounding tissue than previously thought. This dependence may lead to sensor signals more than double the expected values (based on prior sensor calibration in vitro) for Glut release events within a few microns of the sensor surface. The sensor response in general is greatly affected by the distance between the device and location of Glut release, and apparent concentrations reported by simulated sensors consistently are well below the actual Glut levels for events occurring at distances greater than a few microns. Simulations of transient Glut concentrations, including a physiologically relevant bolus release, indicate that detection of Glut signaling likely is limited to events within 30 μm of the sensor surface based on representative sensor detection limits. It follows that important limitations also exist with respect to interpretation of decays in sensor signals, including relation of such data to actual Glut concentration declines in vivo. Thus, the use of sensor signal data to determine quantitatively the rates of Glut uptake from the brain ECS likely is problematic. The model is designed to represent a broad range of relevant physiological conditions, and although limited to one dimension, provides much needed guidance regarding the interpretation in general of electroenzymatic sensor data gathered in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie Clay
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095−1592, United States
| | - Harold G. Monbouquette
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095−1592, United States
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15
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Wu C, Barkova D, Komarova N, Offenhäusser A, Andrianova M, Hu Z, Kuznetsov A, Mayer D. Highly selective and sensitive detection of glutamate by an electrochemical aptasensor. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:1609-1622. [PMID: 34783880 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03783-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical aptamer-based sensor was developed for glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Determining glutamic acid release and glutamic acid levels is crucial for studying signal transmission and for diagnosing pathological conditions in the brain. Glutamic acid-selective oligonucleotides were isolated from an ssDNA library using the Capture-SELEX protocol in complex medium. The selection permitted the isolation of an aptamer 1d04 with a dissociation constant of 12 µM. The aptamer sequence was further used in the development of an electrochemical aptamer sensor. For this purpose, a truncated aptamer sequence named glu1 was labelled with a ferrocene redox tag at the 3'-end and immobilized on a gold electrode surface via Au-thiol bonds. Using 6-mercapto-1-hexanol as the backfill, the sensor performance was characterized by alternating current voltammetry. The glu1 aptasensor showed a limit of detection of 0.0013 pM, a wide detection range between 0.01 pM and 1 nM, and good selectivity for glutamate in tenfold diluted human serum. With this enzyme-free aptasensor, the highly selective and sensitive detection of glutamate was demonstrated, which possesses great potential for implementation in microelectrodes and for in vitro as well as in vivo monitoring of neurotransmitter release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changtong Wu
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany.,Faculty I, RWTH Aachen University, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daria Barkova
- Scientific-Manufacturing Complex Technological Centre, 1-7 Shokin Square, Zelenograd, Moscow, 124498, Russia
| | - Natalia Komarova
- Scientific-Manufacturing Complex Technological Centre, 1-7 Shokin Square, Zelenograd, Moscow, 124498, Russia
| | - Andreas Offenhäusser
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany.,Faculty I, RWTH Aachen University, 52062, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mariia Andrianova
- Scientific-Manufacturing Complex Technological Centre, 1-7 Shokin Square, Zelenograd, Moscow, 124498, Russia
| | - Ziheng Hu
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Alexander Kuznetsov
- Scientific-Manufacturing Complex Technological Centre, 1-7 Shokin Square, Zelenograd, Moscow, 124498, Russia.
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
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16
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Song H, Liu Y, Fang Y, Zhang D. Carbon-Based Electrochemical Sensors for In Vivo and In Vitro Neurotransmitter Detection. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 53:955-974. [PMID: 34752170 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1997571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
As essential neurological chemical messengers, neurotransmitters play an integral role in the maintenance of normal mammalian physiology. Aberrant neurotransmitter activity is associated with a range of neurological conditions including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease. Many studies to date have tested different approaches to detecting neurotransmitters, yet the detection of these materials within the brain, due to the complex environment of the brain and the rapid metabolism of neurotransmitters, remains challenging and an area of active research. There is a clear need for the development of novel neurotransmitter sensing technologies capable of rapidly and sensitively monitoring specific analytes within the brain without adversely impacting the local microenvironment in which they are implanted. Owing to their excellent sensitivity, portability, ease-of-use, amenability to microprocessing, and low cost, electrochemical sensors methods have been widely studied in the context of neurotransmitter monitoring. The present review, thus, surveys current progress in this research field, discussing developed electrochemical neurotransmitter sensors capable of detecting dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), acetylcholine (Ach), glutamate (Glu), nitric oxide (NO), adenosine (ADO), and so on. Of these technologies, those based on carbon nanostructures-modified electrodes including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene (GR), gaphdiyne (GDY), carbon nanofibers (CNFs), and derivatives thereof hold particular promise owing to their excellent biocompatibility and electrocatalytic performance. The continued development of these and related technologies is, thus, likely to lead to major advances in the clinical diagnosis of neurological diseases and the detection of novel biomarkers thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Song
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yuxin Fang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, College of Acumox and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China
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17
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Yang XK, Zhang FL, Wu WT, Tang Y, Yan J, Liu YL, Amatore C, Huang WH. Quantitative Nano-amperometric Measurement of Intravesicular Glutamate Content and its Sub-Quantal Release by Living Neurons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15803-15808. [PMID: 33929780 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative measurements of intravesicular glutamate (Glu) and of transient exocytotic release contents directly from individual living neurons are highly desired for understanding the mechanisms (full or sub-quantal release?) of synaptic transmission and plasticity. However, this could not be achieved so far due to the lack of adequate experimental strategies relying on selective and sensitive Glu nanosensors. Herein, we introduce a novel electrochemical Glu nanobiosensor based on a single SiC nanowire that can selectively measure in real-time Glu fluxes released via exocytosis by large Glu vesicles (ca. 125 nm diameter) present in single hippocampal axonal varicosities as well as their intravesicular content before exocytosis. These measurements revealed a sub-quantal release mode in living hippocampal neurons, viz., only ca. one third to one half of intravesicular Glu molecules are released by individual vesicles during exocytotic events. Importantly, this fraction remained practically the same when hippocampal neurons were pretreated with L-Glu-precursor L-glutamine, while it significantly increased after zinc treatment, although in both cases the intravesicular contents were drastically affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ke Yang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Fu-Li Zhang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wen-Tao Wu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yan-Ling Liu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Christian Amatore
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- PASTEUR, Départment de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Sorbonne University, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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18
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Yang X, Zhang F, Wu W, Tang Y, Yan J, Liu Y, Amatore C, Huang W. Quantitative Nano‐amperometric Measurement of Intravesicular Glutamate Content and its Sub‐Quantal Release by Living Neurons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Ke Yang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Fu‐Li Zhang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Wen‐Tao Wu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Yun Tang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Jing Yan
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Yan‐Ling Liu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Christian Amatore
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- PASTEUR, Départment de Chimie École Normale Supérieure PSL Research University Sorbonne University UPMC Univ. Paris 06 CNRS 24 rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
| | - Wei‐Hua Huang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
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19
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Wang Y, DeMarco EM, Witzel LS, Keighron JD. A selected review of recent advances in the study of neuronal circuits using fiber photometry. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2021; 201:173113. [PMID: 33444597 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To understand the correlation between animal behaviors and the underlying neuronal circuits, it is important to monitor and record neurotransmission in the brain of freely moving animals. With the development of fiber photometry, based on genetically encoded biosensors, and novel electrochemical biosensors, it is possible to measure some key neuronal transmission events specific to cell types or neurotransmitters of interest with high temporospatial resolution. This review discusses the recent advances and achievements of these two techniques in the study of neurotransmission in animal models and how they can be used to complement other techniques in the neuroscientist's toolbox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmo Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emily M DeMarco
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Lisa Sophia Witzel
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Jacqueline D Keighron
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA.
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20
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Liu Y, Du J, Wang M, Zhang J, Liu C, Li X. Recent Progress in Quantitatively Monitoring Vesicular Neurotransmitter Release and Storage With Micro/Nanoelectrodes. Front Chem 2021; 8:591311. [PMID: 33505953 PMCID: PMC7831278 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.591311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Exocytosis is one of the essential steps for chemical signal transmission between neurons. In this process, vesicles dock and fuse with the plasma membrane and release the stored neurotransmitters through fusion pores into the extracellular space, and all of these steps are governed with various molecules, such as proteins, ions, and even lipids. Quantitatively monitoring vesicular neurotransmitter release in exocytosis and initial neurotransmitter storage in individual vesicles is significant for the study of chemical signal transmission of the central nervous system (CNS) and neurological diseases. Electrochemistry with micro/nanoelectrodes exhibits great spatial-temporal resolution and high sensitivity. It can be used to examine the exocytotic kinetics from the aspect of neurotransmitters and quantify the neurotransmitter storage in individual vesicles. In this review, we first introduce the recent advances of single-cell amperometry (SCA) and the nanoscale interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (nanoITIES), which can monitor the quantity and release the kinetics of electrochemically and non-electrochemically active neurotransmitters, respectively. Then, the development and application of the vesicle impact electrochemical cytometry (VIEC) and intracellular vesicle impact electrochemical cytometry (IVIEC) and their combination with other advanced techniques can further explain the mechanism of neurotransmitter storage in vesicles before exocytosis. It has been proved that these electrochemical techniques have great potential in the field of neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chunlan Liu
- Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xianchan Li
- Center for Imaging and Systems Biology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
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21
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Madhurantakam S, Karnam JB, Brabazon D, Takai M, Ahad IU, Balaguru Rayappan JB, Krishnan UM. "Nano": An Emerging Avenue in Electrochemical Detection of Neurotransmitters. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:4024-4047. [PMID: 33285063 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing importance of nanomaterials toward the detection of neurotransmitter molecules has been chronicled in this review. Neurotransmitters (NTs) are chemicals that serve as messengers in synaptic transmission and are key players in brain functions. Abnormal levels of NTs are associated with numerous psychotic and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, their sensitive and robust detection is of great significance in clinical diagnostics. For more than three decades, electrochemical sensors have made a mark toward clinical detection of NTs. The superiority of these electrochemical sensors lies in their ability to enable sensitive, simple, rapid, and selective determination of analyte molecules while remaining relatively inexpensive. Additionally, these sensors are capable of being integrated in robust, portable, and miniaturized devices to establish point-of-care diagnostic platforms. Nanomaterials have emerged as promising materials with significant implications for electrochemical sensing due to their inherent capability to achieve high surface coverage, superior sensitivity, and rapid response in addition to simple device architecture and miniaturization. Considering the enormous significance of the levels of NTs in biological systems and the advances in sensing ushered in with the integration of nanotechnology in electrochemistry, the analysis of NTs by employing nanomaterials as interface materials in various matrices has emerged as an active area of research. This review explores the advancements made in the field of electrochemical sensors for the sensitive and selective determination of NTs which have been described in the past two decades with a distinctive focus on extremely innovative attributes introduced by nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasya Madhurantakam
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Niigata University School of Medicine, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Jayanth Babu Karnam
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - Dermot Brabazon
- I-Form, Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre, Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Madoka Takai
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Inam Ul Ahad
- I-Form, Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre, Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, India
- School of Arts, Science & Humanities, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, India
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22
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Jin J, Ji W, Li L, Zhao G, Wu W, Wei H, Ma F, Jiang Y, Mao L. Electrochemically Probing Dynamics of Ascorbate during Cytotoxic Edema in Living Rat Brain. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19012-19016. [PMID: 33108734 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic edema is the initial and most important step in the sequence that almost inevitably leads to brain damage. Exploring the neurochemical disturbances in this process is of great significance in providing a measurable biological parameter for signaling specific pathological conditions. Here, we present an electrochemical system that pinpoints a critical neurochemical involved in cytotoxic edema. Specially, we report a molecularly tailored brain-implantable ascorbate sensor (CFEAA2.0) featuring excellent selectivity and spatiotemporal resolution that assists the first observation of release of ascorbate induced by cytotoxic edema in vivo. Importantly, we reveal that this release is associated with an increase in the amount of cytotoxic edema-inducing agent and that blockage of cytotoxic edema abolishes ascorbate release, further supporting that ascorbate efflux is cytotoxic edema-dependent. Our study holds the promise for understanding the molecular basis of cytotoxic edema that can lead to the discovery of biomarkers or potential therapeutic strategies of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenliang Ji
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenjie Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huan Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Furong Ma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lanqun Mao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecule Science, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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23
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Keighron JD, Wang Y, Cans AS. Electrochemistry of Single-Vesicle Events. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2020; 13:159-181. [PMID: 32151142 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061417-010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal transmission relies on electrical signals and the transfer of chemical signals from one neuron to another. Chemical messages are transmitted from presynaptic neurons to neighboring neurons through the triggered fusion of neurotransmitter-filled vesicles with the cell plasma membrane. This process, known as exocytosis, involves the rapid release of neurotransmitter solutions that are detected with high affinity by the postsynaptic neuron. The type and number of neurotransmitters released and the frequency of vesicular events govern brain functions such as cognition, decision making, learning, and memory. Therefore, to understand neurotransmitters and neuronal function, analytical tools capable of quantitative and chemically selective detection of neurotransmitters with high spatiotemporal resolution are needed. Electrochemistry offers powerful techniques that are sufficiently rapid to allow for the detection of exocytosis activity and provides quantitative measurements of vesicle neurotransmitter content and neurotransmitter release from individual vesicle events. In this review, we provide an overview of the most commonly used electrochemical methods for monitoring single-vesicle events, including recent developments and what is needed for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline D Keighron
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York 11568, USA
| | - Yuanmo Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Ann-Sofie Cans
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden;
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24
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Sun Y, Nguyen TNH, Anderson A, Cheng X, Gage TE, Lim J, Zhang Z, Zhou H, Rodolakis F, Zhang Z, Arslan I, Ramanathan S, Lee H, Chubykin AA. In Vivo Glutamate Sensing inside the Mouse Brain with Perovskite Nickelate-Nafion Heterostructures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:24564-24574. [PMID: 32383375 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate, one of the main neurotransmitters in the brain, plays a critical role in communication between neurons, neuronal development, and various neurological disorders. Extracellular measurement of neurotransmitters such as glutamate in the brain is important for understanding these processes and developing a new generation of brain-machine interfaces. Here, we demonstrate the use of a perovskite nickelate-Nafion heterostructure as a promising glutamate sensor with a low detection limit of 16 nM and a response time of 1.2 s via amperometric sensing. We have designed and successfully tested novel perovskite nickelate-Nafion electrodes for recording of glutamate release ex vivo in electrically stimulated brain slices and in vivo from the primary visual cortex (V1) of awake mice exposed to visual stimuli. These results demonstrate the potential of perovskite nickelates as sensing media for brain-machine interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Sun
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Tran N H Nguyen
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Center for Implantable Device, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Adam Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xi Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Thomas E Gage
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jongcheon Lim
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Center for Implantable Device, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Zhan Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Hua Zhou
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Fanny Rodolakis
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ilke Arslan
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Shriram Ramanathan
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hyowon Lee
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Center for Implantable Device, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Alexander A Chubykin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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25
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Huang IW, Clay M, Wang S, Guo Y, Nie J, Monbouquette HG. Electroenzymatic glutamate sensing at near the theoretical performance limit. Analyst 2020; 145:2602-2611. [PMID: 31998887 PMCID: PMC7117983 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01969c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The sensitivity and response time of glutamate sensors based on glutamate oxidase immobilized on planar platinum microelectrodes have been improved to near the theoretical performance limits predicted by a detailed mathematical model. Microprobes with an array of electroenzymatic sensing sites have emerged as useful tools for the monitoring of glutamate and other neurotransmitters in vivo; and implemented as such, they can be used to study many complex neurological diseases and disorders including Parkinson's disease and drug addiction. However, less than optimal sensitivity and response time has limited the spatiotemporal resolution of these promising research tools. A mathematical model has guided systematic improvement of an electroenzymatic glutamate microsensor constructed with a 1-2 μm-thick crosslinked glutamate oxidase layer and underlying permselective coating of polyphenylenediamine and Nafion reduced to less than 200 nm thick. These design modifications led to a nearly 6-fold improvement in sensitivity to 320 ± 20 nA μM-1 cm-2 at 37 °C and a ∼10-fold reduction in response time to 80 ± 10 ms. Importantly, the sensitivity and response times were attained while maintaining a low detection limit and excellent selectivity. Direct measurement of the transport properties of the enzyme and polymer layers used to create the biosensors enabled improvement of the mathematical model as well. Subsequent model simulations indicated that the performance characteristics achieved with the optimized biosensors approach the theoretical limits predicted for devices of this construction. Such high-performance glutamate biosensors will be more effective in vivo at a size closer to cellular dimension and will enable better correlation of glutamate signaling events with electrical recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Wen Huang
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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26
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Wang Y, Jonkute R, Lindmark H, Keighron JD, Cans AS. Molecular Crowding and a Minimal Footprint at a Gold Nanoparticle Support Stabilize Glucose Oxidase and Boost Its Activity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:37-46. [PMID: 31865701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes conjugated to nanomaterials are used in the design of various biotechnologies. In the development of biosensors, surface modifications with the enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx) serve to aid the detection of blood glucose. In order to optimize sensor effectiveness, the enzyme tertiary structure needs to be preserved upon immobilization to retain the enzyme's catalytic activity. Because of the nature of GOx, it suffers from a tendency to denature when immobilized at a solid surface; hence, methods to optimize enzyme stability are of great importance. Here, we introduce the study of the interaction of GOx to the highly curved surface of 20 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNP) with an absorbed monolayer coating of enzyme as determined by flocculation assays and quantification of immobilized GOx at the nanoparticle surface. Enzyme crowding was determined by comparing the number of enzymes that bind to how many can physically fit. These measurements show how placing a monolayer of enzyme where the enzyme spreads thin at the AuNP surface still provides stable catalytic performance of up to 14 days compared to enzymes free in solution. Moreover, by the increasing enzyme density via increasing the amount of GOx present in solution during the GOx/AuNP conjugation step creates a molecularly crowded environment at the highly curved nanoparticle surface. This limits the size of the enzyme footprint for attachment and shows that the activity per enzyme can be enhanced up to 300%. This is of great importance for implementing stable and sensitive sensor technologies that are constructed by enzyme-based nanoparticle scaffolds. Here, we show by using the conditions that maintain GOx structure and function when limiting the enzyme coating to an ultrathin layer, the design and construction of an ultrafast responding diagnostic sensor technology for glucose can be achieved, which is crucial for monitoring rapid fluctuations of, for instance, glucose in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmo Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Kemigården 4 , Gothenburg SE-412 96 , Sweden
| | - Rima Jonkute
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Kemigården 4 , Gothenburg SE-412 96 , Sweden
| | - Hampus Lindmark
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Kemigården 4 , Gothenburg SE-412 96 , Sweden
| | - Jacqueline D Keighron
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences , New York Institute of Technology , Old Westbury , New York 11568 , United States
| | - Ann-Sofie Cans
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Kemigården 4 , Gothenburg SE-412 96 , Sweden
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27
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Yang XK, Tang Y, Qiu QF, Wu WT, Zhang FL, Liu YL, Huang WH. Aβ1–42 Oligomers Induced a Short-Term Increase of Glutamate Release Prior to Its Depletion As Measured by Amperometry on Single Varicosities. Anal Chem 2019; 91:15123-15129. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ke Yang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Quan-Fa Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wen-Tao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Fu-Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yan-Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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28
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Wang Y, Fathali H, Mishra D, Olsson T, Keighron JD, Skibicka KP, Cans AS. Counting the Number of Glutamate Molecules in Single Synaptic Vesicles. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17507-17511. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmo Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 4, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hoda Fathali
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 4, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Devesh Mishra
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Olsson
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 4, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jacqueline D. Keighron
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, New York 11568, United States
| | - Karolina P. Skibicka
- Department of Physiology/Metabolic Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofie Cans
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 4, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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29
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Huang M, Rathore SS, Lindau M. Drug testing complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor chip reveals drug modulation of transmitter release for potential therapeutic applications. J Neurochem 2019; 151:38-49. [PMID: 31274190 PMCID: PMC6837173 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and Huntington’s disease, are considered incurable and significantly reduce the quality of life of the patients. A variety of drugs that modulate neurotransmitter levels have been used for the treatment of the neurodegenerative diseases but with limited efficacy. In this work, an amperometric complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) chip is used for high‐throughput drug testing with respect to the modulation of transmitter release from single vesicles using chromaffin cells prepared from bovine adrenal glands as a model system. Single chromaffin cell amperometry was performed with high efficiency on the surface‐modified CMOS chip and follow‐up whole‐cell patch‐clamp experiments were performed to determine the readily releasable pool sizes. We show that the antidepressant drug bupropion significantly increases the amount of neurotransmitter released in individual quantal release events. The antidepressant drug citalopram accelerates rapid neurotransmitter release following stimulation and follow‐up patch‐clamp experiments reveal that this is because of the increase in the pool of readily releasable vesicles. These results shed light on the mechanisms by which bupropion and citalopram may be potentially effective in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. These results demonstrate that the CMOS amperometry chip technology is an excellent tool for drug testing to determine the specific mechanisms by which they modulate neurotransmitter release. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.,School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Shailendra S Rathore
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Manfred Lindau
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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