1
|
De La Torre S, Cuesta SA, Calle L, Mora JR, Paz JL, Espinoza-Montero PJ, Flores-Sumoza M, Márquez EA. Computational approaches for lead compound discovery in dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition using machine learning and molecular dynamics techniques. Comput Biol Chem 2024; 112:108145. [PMID: 39002224 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2024.108145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
The prediction of possible lead compounds from already-known drugs that may present DPP-4 inhibition activity imply a advantage in the drug development in terms of time and cost to find alternative medicines for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) has been one of the most explored strategies to develop potential drugs against this condition. A diverse dataset of molecules with known experimental inhibitory activity against DPP-4 was constructed and used to develop predictive models using different machine-learning algorithms. Model M36 is the most promising one based on the internal and external performance showing values of Q2CV = 0.813, and Q2EXT = 0.803. The applicability domain evaluation and Tropsha's analysis were conducted to validate M36, indicating its robustness and accuracy in predicting pIC50 values for organic molecules within the established domain. The physicochemical properties of the ligands, including electronegativity, polarizability, and van der Waals volume were relevant to predict the inhibition process. The model was then employed in the virtual screening of potential DPP4 inhibitors, finding 448 compounds from the DrugBank and 9 from DiaNat with potential inhibitory activity. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were used to get insight into the ligand-protein interaction. From the screening and the favorable molecular dynamic results, several compounds including Skimmin (pIC50 = 3.54, Binding energy = -8.86 kcal/mol), bergenin (pIC50 = 2.69, Binding energy = -13.90 kcal/mol), and DB07272 (pIC50 = 3.97, Binding energy = -25.28 kcal/mol) seem to be promising hits to be tested and optimized in the treatment of T2DM. This results imply a important reduction in cost and time on the application of this drugs because all the information about the its metabolism is already available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra De La Torre
- Grupo de Química Computacional y Teórica (QCT-USFQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - Sebastián A Cuesta
- Grupo de Química Computacional y Teórica (QCT-USFQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Quito 170901, Ecuador; Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Luis Calle
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud Integral, Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil 09013493, Ecuador
| | - José R Mora
- Grupo de Química Computacional y Teórica (QCT-USFQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Quito 170901, Ecuador.
| | - Jose L Paz
- Departamento Académico de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química e Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Máryury Flores-Sumoza
- Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Programa de Química y Farmacia, Universidad Simón Bolívar, carrera 59 N° 59-65, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| | - Edgar A Márquez
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Química y Biología, Departamento de Química y Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Norte, Carrera 51B, Km 5, vía Puerto Colombia, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Melendez-Martinez D, Morales-Martinez A, Sierra-Valdez F, Cossío-Ramírez R, Lozano O, Mayolo-Deloisa K, Rito-Palomares M, Benavides J. Insights into the mechanism of crotamine and potential targets involved in obesity-related metabolic pathways. Comput Biol Med 2024; 181:109049. [PMID: 39180854 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.109049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Crotamine (Ctm) is a peptide isolated from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom. This molecule has been demonstrated to diminish body weight gain and enhance browning in adipose tissue, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity; hence, it has been postulated as an anti-obesogenic peptide. However, the mechanism to elicit the anti-obesogenic effects has yet to be elucidated. Thus, we investigated the possible interaction of Ctm with receptors involved in obesity-related metabolic pathways through protein-protein docking and molecular dynamics refinement. To test the anti-obesogenic mechanism of Ctm, we selected and retrieved 18 targets involved in obesity-related drug discovery from Protein Data Bank. Then, we performed protein-protein dockings. The best three Ctm-target models were selected and refined by molecular dynamics simulations. Molecular docking demonstrated that Ctm was able to interact with 13 of the 18 targets tested. Having a better docking score with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) (-1430.2 kcal/mol), DPP-IV (dipeptidyl peptidase-IV) (-1781.7 kcal/mol) and α-glucosidase (-1232.3 kcal/mol). These three models were refined by molecular dynamics. Ctm demonstrated a higher affinity for GLP-1R (ΔG: -41.886 ± 2.289 kcal/mol). However, Ctm interaction was more stable with DPP-IV (RMSD: 0.360 ± 0.015 nm, Radius of gyration: 2.781 ± 0.009 nm). Moreover, the number of interactions and the molecular mechanics energies of Ctm residues suggest that the interaction of Ctm with these receptors is mainly mediated by basic-hydrophobic dyads Y1-K2, W31-R32, and W33-R34. Together, all these results allow elucidating a possible molecular mechanism behind the previously described anti-obesogenic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Melendez-Martinez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada Sur 2501, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, N.L, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada Sur 2501, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, N.L, Mexico
| | - Adriana Morales-Martinez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada Sur 2501, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, N.L, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada Sur 2501, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, N.L, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, C.P. 64460 Monterrey, N.L, Mexico
| | - Francisco Sierra-Valdez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada Sur 2501, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, N.L, Mexico
| | - Raquel Cossío-Ramírez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada Sur 2501, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, N.L, Mexico
| | - Omar Lozano
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada Sur 2501, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, N.L, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, C.P. 64460 Monterrey, N.L, Mexico
| | - Karla Mayolo-Deloisa
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada Sur 2501, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, N.L, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada Sur 2501, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, N.L, Mexico
| | - Marco Rito-Palomares
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada Sur 2501, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, N.L, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, C.P. 64460 Monterrey, N.L, Mexico
| | - Jorge Benavides
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada Sur 2501, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, N.L, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada Sur 2501, C.P. 64849 Monterrey, N.L, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Antony P, Baby B, Jobe A, Vijayan R. Computational Modeling of the Interactions between DPP IV and Hemorphins. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3059. [PMID: 38474306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to either insufficient insulin production or ineffective utilization of insulin by the body. The enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) plays a crucial role in degrading incretins that stimulate insulin secretion. Therefore, the inhibition of DPP IV is an established approach for the treatment of diabetes. Hemorphins are a class of short endogenous bioactive peptides produced by the enzymatic degradation of hemoglobin chains. Numerous in vitro and in vivo physiological effects of hemorphins, including DPP IV inhibiting activity, have been documented in different systems and tissues. However, the underlying molecular binding behavior of these peptides with DPP IV remains unknown. Here, computational approaches such as protein-peptide molecular docking and extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to identify the binding pose and stability of peptides in the active site of DPP IV. Findings indicate that hemorphins lacking the hydrophobic residues LVV and VV at the N terminal region strongly bind to the conserved residues in the active site of DPP IV. Furthermore, interactions with these critical residues were sustained throughout the duration of multiple 500 ns MD simulations. Notably, hemorphin 7 showed higher binding affinity and sustained interactions by binding to S1 and S2 pockets of DPP IV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Antony
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bincy Baby
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amie Jobe
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ranjit Vijayan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- The Big Data Analytics Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Q, Deng X, Xu YJ, Dong L. Development of Long-Acting Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors: Structural Evolution and Long-Acting Determinants. J Med Chem 2023; 66:11593-11631. [PMID: 37647598 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Considerable effort has been made to achieve less frequent dosing in the development of DPP-4 inhibitors. Enthusiasm for long-acting DPP-4 inhibitors is based on the promise that such agents with less frequent dosing regimens are associated with improved patient adherence, but the rational design of long-acting DPP-4 inhibitors remains a major challenge. In this Perspective, the development of long-acting DPP-4 inhibitors is comprehensively summarized to highlight the evolution of initial lead compounds on the path toward developing long-acting DPP-4 inhibitors over nearly three decades. The determinants for long duration of action are then examined, including the nature of the target, potency, binding kinetics, crystal structures, selectivity, and preclinical and clinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. More importantly, several possible approaches for the rational design of long-acting drugs are discussed. We hope that this information will facilitate the design and development of safer and more effective long-acting DPP-4 inhibitors and other oral drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Xiaoyan Deng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Yan-Jun Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, China
| | - Lin Dong
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mathur V, Alam O, Siddiqui N, Jha M, Manaithiya A, Bawa S, Sharma N, Alshehri S, Alam P, Shakeel F. Insight into Structure Activity Relationship of DPP-4 Inhibitors for Development of Antidiabetic Agents. Molecules 2023; 28:5860. [PMID: 37570832 PMCID: PMC10420935 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This article sheds light on the various scaffolds that can be used in the designing and development of novel synthetic compounds to create DPP-4 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This review highlights a variety of scaffolds with high DPP-4 inhibition activity, such as pyrazolopyrimidine, tetrahydro pyridopyrimidine, uracil-based benzoic acid and esters, triazole-based, fluorophenyl-based, glycinamide, glycolamide, β-carbonyl 1,2,4-triazole, and quinazoline motifs. The article further explains that the potential of the compounds can be increased by substituting atoms such as fluorine, chlorine, and bromine. Docking of existing drugs like sitagliptin, saxagliptin, and vildagliptin was done using Maestro 12.5, and the interaction with specific residues was studied to gain a better understanding of the active sites of DPP-4. The structural activities of the various scaffolds against DPP-4 were further illustrated by their inhibitory concentration (IC50) values. Additionally, various synthesis schemes were developed to make several commercially available DPP4 inhibitors such as vildagliptin, sitagliptin and omarigliptin. In conclusion, the use of halogenated scaffolds for the development of DPP-4 inhibitors is likely to be an area of increasing interest in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Mathur
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (V.M.); (N.S.); (M.J.); (A.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Ozair Alam
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (V.M.); (N.S.); (M.J.); (A.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Nadeem Siddiqui
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (V.M.); (N.S.); (M.J.); (A.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Mukund Jha
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (V.M.); (N.S.); (M.J.); (A.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Ajay Manaithiya
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (V.M.); (N.S.); (M.J.); (A.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Sandhya Bawa
- Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (V.M.); (N.S.); (M.J.); (A.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Naveen Sharma
- Division of Bioinformatics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prawez Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Faiyaz Shakeel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Krancewicz K, Nowicka-Bauer K, Fiedorowicz K, Marciniak B, Taras-Goslinska K. Thiopurines Analogues with Additional Ring: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Properties, and Anticancer Potency. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108990. [PMID: 37240336 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purine scaffolds constitute a starting point for the synthesis of numerous chemotherapeutics used in treating cancer, viruses, parasites, as well as bacterial and fungal infections. In this work, we synthesized a group of guanosine analogues containing an additional five-membered ring and a sulfur atom at the C-9 position. The spectral, photophysical, and biological properties of the synthesized compounds were investigated. The spectroscopic studies revealed that a combination of the thiocarbonyl chromophore and the tricyclic structure of guanine analogues shifts the absorption region above 350 nm, allowing for selective excitation when present in biological systems. Unfortunately, due to the low fluorescence quantum yield, this process cannot be used to monitor the presence of these compounds in cells. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their effect on the viability of human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) and mouse fibroblast (NIH/3T3) cells. It was found that all of them display anticancer activity. In vitro studies were preceded by in silico ADME and PASS analyses, which confirmed that the designed compounds are promising candidates for anticancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Krancewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Karolina Nowicka-Bauer
- Centre for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Fiedorowicz
- Nanobiomedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Bronislaw Marciniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
- Centre for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Taras-Goslinska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Alur V, Raju V, Vastrad B, Vastrad C, Kavatagimath S, Kotturshetti S. Bioinformatics Analysis of Next Generation Sequencing Data Identifies Molecular Biomarkers Associated With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes 2023; 16:11795514231155635. [PMID: 36844983 PMCID: PMC9944228 DOI: 10.1177/11795514231155635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common metabolic disorder. The aim of the present investigation was to identify gene signature specific to T2DM. Methods The next generation sequencing (NGS) dataset GSE81608 was retrieved from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database and analyzed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between T2DM and normal controls. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, modules, miRNA (micro RNA)-hub gene regulatory network construction and TF (transcription factor)-hub gene regulatory network construction, and topological analysis were performed. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was also performed to verify the prognostic value of hub genes. Results A total of 927 DEGs (461 were up regulated and 466 down regulated genes) were identified in T2DM. GO and REACTOME results showed that DEGs mainly enriched in protein metabolic process, establishment of localization, metabolism of proteins, and metabolism. The top centrality hub genes APP, MYH9, TCTN2, USP7, SYNPO, GRB2, HSP90AB1, UBC, HSPA5, and SQSTM1 were screened out as the critical genes. ROC analysis provides prognostic value of hub genes. Conclusion The potential crucial genes, especially APP, MYH9, TCTN2, USP7, SYNPO, GRB2, HSP90AB1, UBC, HSPA5, and SQSTM1, might be linked with risk of T2DM. Our study provided novel insights of T2DM into genetics, molecular pathogenesis, and novel therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varun Alur
- Department of Endocrinology, J.J.M
Medical College, Davanagere, Karnataka, India
| | - Varshita Raju
- Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, J.J.M Medical College, Davanagere, Karnataka, India
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
K.L.E. College of Pharmacy, Gadag, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Satish Kavatagimath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, K.L.E.
College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Coumarin-Based Sulfonamide Derivatives as Potential DPP-IV Inhibitors: Pre-ADME Analysis, Toxicity Profile, Computational Analysis, and In Vitro Enzyme Assay. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031004. [PMID: 36770672 PMCID: PMC9921777 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research on dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors has made it feasible to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with minimal side effects. Therefore, in the present investigation, we aimed to discover and develop some coumarin-based sulphonamides as potential DPP-IV inhibitors in light of the fact that molecular hybridization of many bioactive pharmacophores frequently results in synergistic activity. Each of the proposed derivatives was subjected to an in silico virtual screening, and those that met all of the criteria and had a higher binding affinity with the DPP-IV enzyme were then subjected to wet lab synthesis, followed by an in vitro biological evaluation. The results of the pre-ADME and pre-tox predictions indicated that compounds 6e, 6f, 6h, and 6m to 6q were inferior and violated the most drug-like criteria. It was observed that 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6i, 6j, 6r, 6s, and 6t displayed less binding free energy (PDB ID: 5Y7H) than the reference inhibitor and demonstrated drug-likeness properties, hence being selected for wet lab synthesis and the structures being confirmed by spectral analysis. In the in vitro enzyme assay, the standard drug Sitagliptin had an IC50 of 0.018 µM in the experiment which is the most potent. All the tested compounds also displayed significant inhibition of the DPP-IV enzyme, but 6i and 6j demonstrated 10.98 and 10.14 µM IC50 values, respectively, i.e., the most potent among the synthesized compounds. Based on our findings, we concluded that coumarin-based sulphonamide derivatives have significant DPP-IV binding ability and exhibit optimal enzyme inhibition in an in vitro enzyme assay.
Collapse
|
9
|
Krancewicz K, Koput J, Hug GL, Marciniak B, Taras-Goslinska KM. Unusual photophysical properties of a new tricyclic derivative of thiopurines in terms of potential applications. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 281:121620. [PMID: 35853257 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The thio analogues of purine bases have been found to possess notable biological and pharmacological capabilities and have an important role to play as anticancer and immunosuppressive drugs. In this work a new tricyclic analogue of guanosine containing sulfur was synthesized, in particular, DTEG (2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyl-6,9-dithioethanoguanosine). Although there is promise for thiopurine derivatives for biomedical applications, there are some liabilities in regard to their exposure to light. As a preliminary survey for such difficulties with DTEG, this work looks into spectral and photophysical processes of DTEG using time-resolved and steady-state optical excitation. In contrast to other thiopurines, which have long-lived triplets, DTEG is shown to have a short-lived triplet making it less dangerous for singlet-oxygen sensitization. Even in anaerobic solutions, its photoreactivity is negligible. These various unusual photochemical properties of DTEG are consistent with DTEG being very promising as an alternative drug to the currently used 6-thiopurines. DTEG also has some interesting photophysical behavior that is distinct from other thioketones. Although thioketones have an unusual fluorescence violating Kasha's Rule and emitting from the second excited singlet state, DTEG does this also, but, in addition, it shows dual fluorescence by emitting from its first excited singlet as well. The assignments of the nature of these excited states are supported by DFT results. This theory and associated kinetic analysis show quantitatively that the dual fluorescence is, in part, tied to the relatively fast S2 to S1 internal conversion compared to other S2 decays and, in part, tied to the relatively slow nonradiative decay of S1 itself.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacek Koput
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Gordon L Hug
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame 46556, USA
| | - Bronisław Marciniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland; Centre for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chavan PA, Jadhav SB. Synthesis, Characterization and Screening of Some Novel 2-Methyl-N'-
[(Z)-Substituted-Phenyl ethylidene] Imidazo [1, 2-a] Pyridine-3-Carbohy
drazide Derivatives as DPP-IV Inhibitors for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180818666210901125958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
One of the leading global metabolic diseases marked by insulin resistance and
chronic hyperglycemia is type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Since the last decade, DPP-4 enzyme inhibition
has proven to be a successful, safe, and well-established therapy for the treatment of T2DM.
Objective:
The present work reports the synthesis, characterization, and screening of some novel 2-
methyl-N'-[(Z)-substituted-phenyl ethylidene] imidazo [1, 2-a] pyridine-3-carbohydrazide derivatives as
DPP-IV inhibitors for the treatment of T2DM.
Methods:
The molecular docking was performed to study these derivatives' binding mode in the enzyme's
allosteric site. All the synthesized compounds were subjected for DPP-IV enzyme assay and in vivo antihyperglycemic
activity in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
Results:
The synthesized derivatives exhibited potent antidiabetic activity as compared to the standard
drug Sitagliptin. Out of sixteen compounds, A1, A4, B4, C2, C3, and D4 have shown promising antidiabetic
activity against the DPP-IV enzyme. The most promising compound, C2, showed a percentage inhibition
of 72.02±0.27 at 50 μM concentration. On the 21st-day, compound C2 showed a significant reduction
in serum blood glucose level, i.e., 156.16±4.87 mg/dL, then diabetic control, which was
280.00±13.29 mg/dL whereas, standard Sitagliptin showed 133.50±11.80 mg/dL. In the in vivo antihyperglycemic
activity, the compounds have exhibited good hypoglycemic potential in fasting blood glucose
in the T2DM animal model. All the docked molecules have exhibited perfect binding affinity towards
the active pocket of the enzyme. The synthesized derivatives were screened through Lipinski's rule
of five for better optimization, and fortunately, none of them violated the rule.
Conclusion:
The above results indicate that compound C2 is a relatively active and selective hit molecule
that can be structurally modified to enhance the DPP-IV inhibitor's potency and overall pharmacological
profile. From the present work, it has been concluded that substituted pyridine-3-carbohydrazide derivatives
possess excellent DPP-IV inhibitory potential and can be better optimized further by generating
more in vivo, in vitro models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prerana A. Chavan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, PES\'s Modern College of Pharmacy, Nigdi, Pune, Maharashtra 411044,
India
| | - Shailaja B. Jadhav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, PES\'s Modern College of Pharmacy, Nigdi, Pune, Maharashtra 411044,
India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang D, Li C, Li L, Wang Y, Chen S, Zhao Y, Hu X, Rong H. Discovery and functional mechanism of novel dipeptidyl peptidase Ⅳ inhibitory peptides from Chinese traditional fermented fish (Chouguiyu). Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:1676-1684. [PMID: 36204708 PMCID: PMC9529664 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory peptides from fermented foods exhibit great potential to alleviate type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, the DPP-IV inhibition activity of peptide extract from Chouguiyu was obviously enhanced after 4–8 d fermentation. A total of 125 DPP-IV inhibitory peptides in Chouguiyu were identified by peptidomics and were obtained from 46 precursor proteins, mainly including nebulin, titin, muscle-type creatine kinase, hemoglobin, and actin. After molecular docking with DPP-IV, four novel DPP-IV inhibitory peptides possessing the lowest docking energy were selected, including EPAEAVGDWR (D37), IPHESVDVIK (D22), PDLSKHNNHM (D35), and PFGNTHNNFK (D1). The DPP-IV inhibition activity of D37, D22, D35, and D1 were further verified after synthesis with the IC50 of 0.10 mM, 2.69 mM, 3.88 mM, and 8.51 mM, respectively, in accordance with their docking energies. Energy interaction showed that the structures of EP-, IPH-, -NHM, and PF- in these peptides were easy to connect with DPP-IV enzyme through hydrogen bond, salt bridge, and alkyl. The surface force including the H-bond interaction, hydrophobicity, aromatic interaction, and SAS, played a major role in the interaction between DPP-IV enzyme and peptides. The peptides that possess high hydrophobicity and can form strong hydrogen bond and salt bridge are potential DPP-IV inhibitory peptides using for T2DM remission. DPP-Ⅳ inhibition activity of peptide extract in Chouguiyu increased by fermentation. The main precursor proteins of DPP-Ⅳ inhibitory peptides were nebulin and titin. Inhibition mechanism was explored by energy interaction and surface force. Docking energy was an effective index to select DPP-IV inhibitory peptides. DPP-IV inhibitory peptides formed hydrogen bond and salt bridge with DPP-IV.
Collapse
|
12
|
Akber Aisa H, Zhao J, Guo H, Nie L, Bozorov K. Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Novel Linear Tricyclic Compounds Derived from Purine. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.3987/com-22-14652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
13
|
Kumar S, Mittal A, Mittal A. A review upon medicinal perspective and designing rationale of DPP-4 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 46:116354. [PMID: 34428715 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the highly prevalence disorder and increasing day by day worldwidely. T2DM is a metabolic disorder, which is characterized by deficiency in insulin or resistance to insulin and thus increases the glucose levels in the blood. Various approaches are there to treat diabetes but still there is no cure for this disease. DPP-4 inhibitor is a privileged target in the field of drug discovery and provides various opportunities in exploring this target for development of molecules as antidiabetic agents. DPP-4 acts by inhibiting the incretin action and thus decreases the level of blood glucose by imparting minimal side effects. Sitagliptin, vildagliptin, linagliptin etc. are the different DPP-4 based drugs approved throughout the world for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Cyanopyrrolidines, triazolopiperazine amide, pyrrolidines are basic core nucleus present in various DPP-4 inhibitors and has potential effects. In the past few years, researchers had applied various approaches to synthesize potent DPP-4 inhibitors as antidiabetic agent without side effects like weight gain, cardiovascular risks, retinopathy etc. This review will also emphasize the recent strategies and rationale utilized by researchers for the development of DPP-4 inhibitors. This review also reveals about the various other approaches like molecular modelling, ligand based drug designing, high throughput screening etc. are used by the various research group for the development of potential DPP-4 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PCTE Group of Institutes, Campus-2, Near Baddowal Cantt. Ferozepur Road, Ludhiana 142021, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH-1), Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Anu Mittal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University College, Patti, Distt. Tarn Taran, India
| | - Amit Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH-1), Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tomovic K, Ilic BS, Smelcerovic A. Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis of Cocrystallized Gliptin-like Pyrrolidine, Trifluorophenyl, and Pyrimidine-2,4-Dione Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9639-9648. [PMID: 34190540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Approved and potent reported dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors with gliptin-like structures are classified here according to their structures and mechanisms of the inhibition in three groups: (i) those with pyrrolidine or analogs as P1 fragment with α-aminoacyl linker, (ii) structures with trifluorophenyl moiety or analogs as P1 fragment with β-aminobutanoyl linker, and (iii) DPP-4 inhibitors with pyrimidine-2,4-dione or analogs as P1' fragment. The structure-activity relationship analysis was performed for those whose cocrystallized structures with the enzyme were published. While inhibitors with pyrrolidine and trifluorophenyl moiety or analogs as P1 fragment bind in a similar way in S1, S2 and S2 extensive domains of the enzyme, the binding mode of pyrimidine-2,4-dione derivatives/analogs differs with additional interactions in S1' and S2' pockets. Three general schemes of fragmented gliptins and gliptin-like structures with the enzyme and protein-ligand interaction fingerprints were made, which might be useful in the creation of DPP-4 inhibitor's design strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Tomovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Bulevar Dr Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Budimir S Ilic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Bulevar Dr Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| | - Andrija Smelcerovic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nis, Bulevar Dr Zorana Djindjica 81, 18000 Nis, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu X, Hou C, Peng Y, Chen P, Liu G. Ligand-Controlled Regioselective Pd-Catalyzed Diamination of Alkenes. Org Lett 2020; 22:9371-9375. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Province’s Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Chuanqi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiyuan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Province’s Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Pinhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guosheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang K, Yang X, Lou W, Zhang X. Discovery of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitory peptides from Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) by a comprehensive approach. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104432. [PMID: 33157343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) is the prime target for glycemic control by inactivating glucagon-like peptide and decreasing postprandial glucose levels. Food protein-derived peptides have been considered to be capable of inhibiting DPP4. In this study, a novel strategy was developed by coupling in silico gastrointestinal digestion, pharmacophore and three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationships (3D-QSAR) analysis to discover DPP4 inhibitory peptide, and in vitro assay was confirmed. Specifically, the simulated gastrointestinal hydrolysis was firstly performed on Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) proteins, the generated peptides were used to establish peptide library. Secondly, 60 DPP4 inhibitors were selected and pharmacophore model was generated; moreover, 40 DPP4 inhibitory tripeptides were collected to construct 3D-QSAR model. Thirdly, the pharmacophore and 3D-QSAR models were employed to screen the above peptide library. Lastly, the in vitro activity assay was performed, which showed that the six tripeptides (VSM, ISW, VSW, ICY, ISD and ISE) exhibited inhibitory activities on DPP4, and ICY was the most active tripeptide with the IC50 value of 0.73 mM. This is the first identification of Largemouth bass protein-derived peptides as DPP4 inhibitor, which is good for the development of food protein-derived peptides with glucose lowering activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wenyong Lou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Xuewu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shen J, Deng X, Sun R, Tavallaie MS, Wang J, Cai Q, Lam C, Lei S, Fu L, Jiang F. Structural optimization of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives as potent and highly selective DPP-4 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112850. [PMID: 32987315 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Our previous discovery of pyrazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-one scaffold-based DPP-4 inhibitors yielded two potent compounds b2 (IC50 = 79 nM) and d1 (IC50 = 49 nM) but characterized by cytotoxicity. Herein, with scaffold hopping and fragment-based drug design strategies, highly potent and selective pyrazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidine DPP-4 inhibitors were found featured by reduced or diminished cytotoxicity. Specifically, c24 (IC50 = 2 nM) exhibits a 25 to 40-fold increase of inhibitory activity respect to those of b2 and d1, respectively, 2-fold from Alogliptin (IC50 = 4 nM), and remarkable selectivity over DPP-8 and DPP-9 (>2000 fold). Further docking studies confirmed that the pyrazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidine core interacts with the S1 pocket whereas its substituted aromatic ring interacts with the sub-S1 pocket. The interactive mode in this case resembles that of Alogliptin and Trelagliptin. Further in vivo IPGTT assays in diabetic mice demonstrated that c24 effectively reduces glucose excursion by 48% at the dose of 10 mg/kg, suggesting that c24 is worthy of further development as a potent anti-diabetes agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China; Viva Biotech Ltd. (Shanghai), No. 334 Aidisheng Rd., Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Xinxian Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Ran Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Mojdeh S Tavallaie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Juntao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Qingqing Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, No. 250 Xiaomuqiao Rd. Shanghai, 200032, Xuhui District, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Celine Lam
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Shuwen Lei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Lei Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Faqin Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd. Minhang District, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Drug discovery approaches targeting the incretin pathway. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103810. [PMID: 32325333 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Incretin pathway plays an important role in the development of diabetes medications. Interventions in DPP-4 and GLP-1 receptor have shown remarkable efficacy in experimental and clinical studies and imperatively become one of the most promising therapeutic approaches in the T2DM drug discovery pipeline. Herein, we analyzed the actionmechanismsof DPP-4 and GLP-1 receptor targeting the incretin pathway in T2DM treatment. We gave an insight into the structural requirements for the potent DPP-4 inhibitors and revealed a classification of DPP-4 inhibitors by stressing on the binding modes of these ligands to the enzyme. We then reviewed the drug discovery strategies for the development of peptide and non-peptide GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs). Furthermore, the drug design strategies for DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1R agonists were detailed accurately. This review might provide an efficient evidence for the highly potent and selective DPP-4 inhibitors and the GLP-1 RAs, as novel medicines for patients suffering from T2DM.
Collapse
|
19
|
Pantaleão SQ, Philot EA, de Oliveira Almeida M, Lima AN, de Sairre MI, Scott AL, Honorio KM. Integrated Protocol to Design Potential Inhibitors of Dipeptidyl Peptidase- 4 (DPP-4). Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 20:209-226. [PMID: 31878857 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666191226101543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A strategy for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus is the inhibition of the enzyme known as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). AIMS This study aims to investigate the main interactions between DPP-4 and a set of inhibitors, as well as proposing potential candidates to inhibit this enzyme. METHODS We performed molecular docking studies followed by the construction and validation of CoMFA and CoMSIA models. The information provided from these models was used to aid in the search for new candidates to inhibit DPP-4 and the design of new bioactive ligands from structural modifications in the most active molecule of the studied series. RESULTS We were able to propose a set of analogues with biological activity predicted by the CoMFA and CoMSIA models, suggesting that our protocol can be used to guide the design of new DPP-4 inhibitors as drug candidates to treat diabetes. CONCLUSION Once the integration of the techniques mentioned in this article was effective, our strategy can be applied to design possible new DPP-4 inhibitors as candidates to treat diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Queiroz Pantaleão
- Center for Sciences Natural and Human, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eric Allison Philot
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Angelica Nakagawa Lima
- Center for Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirela Inês de Sairre
- Center for Sciences Natural and Human, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Ligia Scott
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kathia Maria Honorio
- Center for Sciences Natural and Human, Federal University of ABC, Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kuhn B, Gilberg E, Taylor R, Cole J, Korb O. How Significant Are Unusual Protein-Ligand Interactions? Insights from Database Mining. J Med Chem 2019; 62:10441-10455. [PMID: 31730345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a new approach to derive interaction propensities of protein-ligand atom pairs from mining of the Protein Data Bank. To ensure solid statistics, we use a line-of-sight contact filter and normalize the observed frequency of hits by a statistical null model based on exposed surface areas of atom types in the protein-ligand binding site. This allows us to investigate which intermolecular interactions and geometries are found more often than expected by chance in protein-ligand complexes. We focus our study on some of the unusual interactions that were postulated to be favorable, including σ-hole bonding of halogen and sulfur atoms, weak hydrogen bonding with fluorine as acceptor, and different types of dipolar interactions. Our results confirm some and challenge other common assumptions on these interactions and highlight other contact types that are yet underexplored in structure-based drug design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Kuhn
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel , F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124 , CH-4070 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Erik Gilberg
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel , F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124 , CH-4070 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Robin Taylor
- Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre , 12 Union Road , Cambridge CB2 1EZ , U.K
| | - Jason Cole
- Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre , 12 Union Road , Cambridge CB2 1EZ , U.K
| | - Oliver Korb
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel , F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. , Grenzacherstrasse 124 , CH-4070 Basel , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abbas G, Al Harrasi A, Hussain H, Hamaed A, Supuran CT. The management of diabetes mellitus-imperative role of natural products against dipeptidyl peptidase-4, α-glucosidase and sodium-dependent glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2). Bioorg Chem 2019; 86:305-315. [PMID: 30738330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder which is rapidly spreading worldwide. It is characterized by persistent elevated blood glucose level above normal values (hyperglycemia) due to defect in either insulin secretion or in insulin action or both of them. Currently approved oral synthetic antidiabetic drugs such as biguanides, thiazolidinediones, sulfonylureas, and meglitinides have shown undesirable side effects. Therefore, newer approaches and targets for the management of diabetes mellitus are highly desirable. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme, α-glucosidase enzyme and sodium-dependent glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) have been recognized as effective therapeutic targets for the management of diabetes mellitus while natural products are alternatives to oral synthetic hypoglycemic agents. During the last two decades, many researchers were working on the identification and the validation of plant-derived products for curing various diseases. Natural products do not only provide useful drugs in their own right but also provide templates for the development of more effective compounds for enhanced therapeutic potential. Herein, we advocated the vital role of natural products as source of new drugs by presenting promising inhibitors of dipeptidyle peptidase-4 enzyme, α-glucosidase enzyme and (SGLT2) obtained from different medicinal plants as potential candidates for drug development against diabetes mellitus. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of these various inhibitors is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Abbas
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy; Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al-Mauz, P.O.Box 33, Nizwa 616, Oman; Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PC 616, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Ahmed Al Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PC 616, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Hidayat Hussain
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, PC 616, Nizwa, Oman; Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle, (Salle), Germany
| | - Ahmed Hamaed
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al-Mauz, P.O.Box 33, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, NEUROFARBA Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bazhin AA, Chambon M, Vesin J, Bortoli J, Collins JW, Turcatti G, Chou CJ, Goun EA. A Universal Assay for Aminopeptidase Activity and Its Application for Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Drug Discovery. Anal Chem 2018; 91:1098-1104. [PMID: 30511572 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aminopeptidases, such as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4, CD26), are potent therapeutic targets for pharmacological interventions because they play key roles in many important pathological pathways. To analyze aminopeptidase activity in vitro (including high-throughput screening [HTS]), in vivo, and ex vivo, we developed a highly sensitive and quantitative bioluminescence-based readout method. We successfully applied this method to screening drugs with potential DPP-4 inhibitory activity. Using this method, we found that cancer drug mitoxantrone possesses significant DPP-4 inhibitory activity both in vitro and in vivo. The pharmacophore of mitoxantrone was further investigated by testing a variety of its structural analogues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chieh Jason Chou
- Microbiome and Metabolism , Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA , Lausanne 1015 , Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Salaga M, Binienda A, Draczkowski P, Kosson P, Kordek R, Jozwiak K, Fichna J. Novel peptide inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (Tyr-Pro-D-Ala-NH 2) with anti-inflammatory activity in the mouse models of colitis. Peptides 2018; 108:34-45. [PMID: 30179653 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protease inhibition has become a new possible approach in the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapy. A serine exopeptidase, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) is responsible for inactivation of incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2), a potent stimulator of intestinal epithelium regeneration and growth. Recently we showed that the novel peptide analog of endomorphin-2, EMDB-1 (Tyr-Pro-D-ClPhe-Phe-NH2) is a potent blocker of DPP IV and exhibits an anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. The aim of this study was to design, synthesize and characterize the therapeutic activity and mechanism of action of a series of novel EMDB-1 analogs. The inhibitory potential of all peptides was evaluated using the fluorometric screening assay employing Gly-Pro-Aminomethylcoumarin (AMC) to measure DPP IV activity. Consequently, one compound, namely DI-1 was selected and its therapeutic activity evaluated using mouse models of experimental colitis (induced by TNBS and DSS). Macro- and microscopic score, ulcer score, colonic wall thickness as well as myeloperoxidase activity were measured. We showed that DI-1 blocks DPP IV in vitro (IC50 = 0.76 ± 0.04 nM) and attenuates acute, semichronic and relapsing TNBS- as well as DSS-induced colitis in mice after topical administration. Its anti-inflammatory action is associated with the increase of colonic GLP-2 but not GLP2 receptor or DPP IV expression. Our results validate DPP IV as a pharmacological target for the anti-IBD drugs and its inhibitors, such as DI-1, have the potential to become valuable anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Salaga
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - A Binienda
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - P Draczkowski
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - P Kosson
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - R Kordek
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - K Jozwiak
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - J Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rohilla A, Gupta T, Pathak A, Akhtar MJ, Haider MR, Haider K, Shahar Yar M. Emergence of promising novel DPP-4 inhibitory heterocycles as anti-diabetic agents: A review. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2018; 351:e1800127. [PMID: 29878387 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201800127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes has turned out to be an epidemic in the recent years all over the world, and today it has become a burden on the healthcare system. Over the years, with technological advancements, different classes of antidiabetic medications have emerged, like sulfonylureas, biguanides, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, and thiazolidinediones, but these are often loaded with serious aftermaths like hypoglycemia, weight gain, cardiovascular and renal issues. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition is an exciting and new approach in the treatment of type-2 diabetes. DPP-4 inhibitors or "gliptins" are weight neutral, pose lesser risk of hypoglycemia, and provide a long-term post-meal glycemic control. In this review, an attempt has been made to investigate novel potential compounds that can be added to the existing list of anti-diabetic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Rohilla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanya Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Md J Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Md R Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Kashif Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Shahar Yar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kerru N, Singh-Pillay A, Awolade P, Singh P. Current anti-diabetic agents and their molecular targets: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 152:436-488. [PMID: 29751237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a medical condition characterized by the body's loss of control over blood sugar. The frequency of diagnosed cases and consequential increases in medical costs makes it a rapidly growing chronic disease that threatens human health worldwide. In addition, its unnerving statistical projections are perilous to both the economy of the nation and man's life expectancy. Type-I and type-II diabetes are the two clinical forms of diabetes mellitus. Type-II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is illustrated by the abnormality of glucose homeostasis in the body, resulting in hyperglycemia. Although significant research attention has been devoted to the development of diabetes regimens, which demonstrates success in lowering blood glucose levels, their efficacies are unsustainable due to undesirable side effects such as weight gain and hypoglycemia. Over the years, heterocyclic scaffolds have been the basis of anti-diabetic chemotherapies; hence, in this review we consolidate the use of bioactive scaffolds, which have been evaluated for their biological response as inhibitors against their respective anti-diabetic molecular targets over the past five years (2012-2017). Our investigation reveals a diverse target set which includes; protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 B (PTP1B), dipeptidly peptidase-4 (DPP-4), free fatty acid receptors 1 (FFAR1), G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2), α-glucosidase, aldose reductase, glycogen phosphorylase (GP), fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), glucagon receptor (GCGr) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). This review offers a medium on which future drug design and development toward diabetes management may be modelled (i.e. optimization via structural derivatization), as many of the drug candidates highlighted show promise as an effective anti-diabetic chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraju Kerru
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ashona Singh-Pillay
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Paul Awolade
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Parvesh Singh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ojeda-Montes MJ, Gimeno A, Tomas-Hernández S, Cereto-Massagué A, Beltrán-Debón R, Valls C, Mulero M, Pujadas G, Garcia-Vallvé S. Activity and selectivity cliffs for DPP-IV inhibitors: Lessons we can learn from SAR studies and their application to virtual screening. Med Res Rev 2018; 38:1874-1915. [PMID: 29660786 DOI: 10.1002/med.21499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) has emerged over the last decade as one of the most effective treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus, and consequently (a) 11 DPP-IV inhibitors have been on the market since 2006 (three in 2015), and (b) 74 noncovalent complexes involving human DPP-IV and drug-like inhibitors are available at the Protein Data Bank (PDB). The present review aims to (a) explain the most important activity cliffs for DPP-IV noncovalent inhibition according to the binding site structure of DPP-IV, (b) explain the most important selectivity cliffs for DPP-IV noncovalent inhibition in comparison with other related enzymes (i.e., DPP8 and DPP9), and (c) use the information deriving from this activity/selectivity cliff analysis to suggest how virtual screening protocols might be improved to favor the early identification of potent and selective DPP-IV inhibitors in molecular databases (because they have not succeeded in identifying selective DPP-IV inhibitors with IC50 ≤ 100 nM). All these goals are achieved with the help of available homology models for DPP8 and DPP9 and an analysis of the structure-activity studies used to develop the noncovalent inhibitors that form part of some of the complexes with human DPP-IV available at the PDB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María José Ojeda-Montes
- Research Group in Cheminformatics & Nutrition, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Aleix Gimeno
- Research Group in Cheminformatics & Nutrition, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sarah Tomas-Hernández
- Research Group in Cheminformatics & Nutrition, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Adrià Cereto-Massagué
- Research Group in Cheminformatics & Nutrition, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- Research Group in Cheminformatics & Nutrition, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cristina Valls
- Research Group in Cheminformatics & Nutrition, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Research Group in Cheminformatics & Nutrition, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Gerard Pujadas
- Research Group in Cheminformatics & Nutrition, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Spain.,EURECAT, TECNIO, CEICS, Avinguda Universitat 1, Reus, Spain
| | - Santiago Garcia-Vallvé
- Research Group in Cheminformatics & Nutrition, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus de Sescelades, Tarragona, Spain.,EURECAT, TECNIO, CEICS, Avinguda Universitat 1, Reus, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li N, Wang LJ, Jiang B, Li XQ, Guo CL, Guo SJ, Shi DY. Recent progress of the development of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:145-157. [PMID: 29609120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a fast growing chronic metabolic disorder around the world. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a new promising target during type 2 diabetes glycemic control. Thus, a number of potent DPP-4 inhibitors were developed and play a rapidly evolving role in the management of type 2 diabetes in recent years. This article reviews the development of synthetic and natural DPP-4 inhibitors from 2012 to 2017 and provides their physico-chemical properties, biological activities against DPP-4 and selectivity over dipeptidyl peptidase-8/9. Moreover, the glucose-lowering mechanisms and the active site of DPP-4 are also discussed. We also discuss strategies and structure-activity relationships for identifying potent DPP-4 inhibitors, which will provide useful information for developing potent DPP-4 drugs as type 2 diabtes treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Li-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Xiang-Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Chuan-Long Guo
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Shu-Ju Guo
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Da-Yong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Deng X, Shen J, Zhu H, Xiao J, Sun R, Xie F, Lam C, Wang J, Qiao Y, Tavallaie MS, Hu Y, Du Y, Li J, Fu L, Jiang F. Surrogating and redirection of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-one core, a novel class of potent and selective DPP-4 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:903-912. [PMID: 29373269 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The initial focus on characterizing novel pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-one derivatives as DPP-4 inhibitors, led to a potent and selective inhibitor compound b2. This ligand exhibits potent in vitro DPP-4 inhibitory activity (IC50: 80 nM), while maintaining other key cellular parameters such as high selectivity, low cytotoxicity and good cell viability. Subsequent optimization of b2 based on docking analysis and structure-based drug design knowledge resulted in d1. Compound d1 has nearly 2-fold increase of inhibitory activity (IC50: 49 nM) and over 1000-fold selectivity against DPP-8 and DPP-9. Further in vivo IPGTT assays showed that compound b2 effectively reduce glucose excursion by 34% at the dose of 10 mg/kg in diabetic mice. Herein we report the optimization and design of a potent and highly selective series of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7(4H)-one DPP-4 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxian Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China; China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, No. 285 Gebaini Rd., Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China; Viva Biotech Ltd. (Shanghai), No. 334 Aidisheng Rd., Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 369 Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jia Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ran Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Fangzhou Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Celine Lam
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Juntao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yixue Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mojdeh S Tavallaie
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yang Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yi Du
- Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Rd., Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jianqi Li
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, No. 285 Gebaini Rd., Pudong District, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Lei Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Faqin Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Computational Analysis of Gynura bicolor Bioactive Compounds as Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitor. Adv Bioinformatics 2017; 2017:5124165. [PMID: 28932239 PMCID: PMC5591938 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5124165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPPIV) is a popular route for the treatment of type-2 diabetes. Commercially available gliptin-based drugs such as sitagliptin, anagliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, and alogliptin were specifically developed as DPPIV inhibitors for diabetic patients. The use of Gynura bicolor in treating diabetes had been reported in various in vitro experiments. However, an understanding of the inhibitory actions of G. bicolor bioactive compounds on DPPIV is still lacking and this may provide crucial information for the development of more potent and natural sources of DPPIV inhibitors. Evaluation of G. bicolor bioactive compounds for potent DPPIV inhibitors was computationally conducted using Lead IT and iGEMDOCK software, and the best free-binding energy scores for G. bicolor bioactive compounds were evaluated in comparison with the commercial DPPIV inhibitors, sitagliptin, anagliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, and alogliptin. Drug-likeness and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) analysis were also performed. Based on molecular docking analysis, four of the identified bioactive compounds in G. bicolor, 3-caffeoylquinic acid, 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and trans-5-p-coumaroylquinic acid, resulted in lower free-binding energy scores when compared with two of the commercially available gliptin inhibitors. The results revealed that bioactive compounds in G. bicolor are potential natural inhibitors of DPPIV.
Collapse
|
30
|
Gold Nanoparticle-Based Colorimetric and Electrochemical Methods for Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Activity Assay and Inhibitor Screening. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9100857. [PMID: 28773977 PMCID: PMC5456591 DOI: 10.3390/ma9100857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We presented the colorimetric and electrochemical methods for determination of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) activity and screening of its inhibitor using gold nanoparticle (AuNP) as the probe. In the colorimetric assay, the substrate peptide with a sequence of Arg-Pro-Arg induced the aggregation and color change of AuNPs, whereas cleavage of the peptide by DPP-IV prevented the aggregation of AuNPs. Furthermore, the aggregation of AuNPs in the solution was easily initiated on a solid/liquid (electrode/electrolyte) surface, which induced a decrease in the electron-transfer resistance. However, once the peptide was clipped by DPP-IV, the assembly of AuNPs on electrode surface was prevented. Consequently, a higher electron-transfer resistance was observed. The colorimetric and electrochemical assays allowed for the determination of DPP-IV with the detection limits of 70 μU/mL and 0.55 μU/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, the proposed methods were used to determine DPP-IV inhibitor with satisfactory results. Both the colorimetric and electrochemical methods are simple, rapid and sufficiently sensitive for DPP-IV activity assay and inhibitor screening. The results also demonstrated that the AuNP-based colorimetric assay could be converted into an enhanced surface tethered electrochemical assay with improving sensitivity. The simple detection principle may be extended to the design of other peptidases biosensors with easy manipulation procedures.
Collapse
|
31
|
Changes of adipocytokine expression after diabetic rats received sitagliptin and the molecular mechanism. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:893-897. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|