1
|
Kumar G, Jain P, Virmani T, Sharma A, Akhtar MS, Aldosari SA, Khan MF, Duarte SOD, Fonte P. Enhancing therapy with nano-based delivery systems: exploring the bioactive properties and effects of apigenin. Ther Deliv 2024; 15:717-735. [PMID: 39259258 DOI: 10.1080/20415990.2024.2386928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Apigenin, a potent natural flavonoid, has emerged as a key therapeutic agent due to its multifaceted medicinal properties in combating various diseases. However, apigenin's clinical utility is greatly limited by its poor water solubility, low bioavailability and stability issues. To address these challenges, this review paper explores the innovative field of nanotechnology-based delivery systems, which have shown significant promise in improving the delivery and effectiveness of apigenin. This paper also explores the synergistic potential of co-delivering apigenin with conventional therapeutic agents. Despite the advantageous properties of these nanoformulations, critical challenges such as scalable production, regulatory approvals and comprehensive long-term safety assessments remain key hurdles in their clinical adoption which must be addressed for commercialization of apigenin-based formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Girish Kumar
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Pushpika Jain
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MVN University, Haryana, 121105, India
| | - Tarun Virmani
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | - Ashwani Sharma
- Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Md Sayeed Akhtar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, AlFara, Abha, 62223, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad A Aldosari
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Faiyaz Khan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sofia O D Duarte
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering & Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, Lisboa, 1049-001, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health & Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa, 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Pedro Fonte
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering & Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, Lisboa, 1049-001, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health & Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa, 1049-001, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences & Technology, University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
- Center for Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Narayana S, Gowda BHJ, Hani U, Shimu SS, Paul K, Das A, Ashique S, Ahmed MG, Tarighat MA, Abdi G. Inorganic nanoparticle-based treatment approaches for colorectal cancer: recent advancements and challenges. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:427. [PMID: 39030546 PMCID: PMC11264527 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer, the third most prevalent cancer globally, contributes significantly to mortality rates, with over 1.9 million reported cases and nearly 935,000 fatalities annually. Surgical resection is a primary approach for localized colorectal tumors, with adjunct therapies like chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted/immunotherapy considered depending on the tumor stage. However, despite preferences for targeted and immunotherapy post-surgery, chemotherapy remains commonly chosen due to its lower cost and high cancer-killing efficiency. Yet, chemotherapy faces issues such as tumor resistance and severe side effects. Nanotechnology has emerged in cancer therapy by alleviating the drawbacks of current treatment approaches. In the past few decades, inorganic nanoparticles have shown promise in combating colorectal cancer, offering advantages over conventional chemotherapy. Compared to organic nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles exhibit properties like photosensitivity, conductivity, magnetic allure, and thermal proficiency, allowing them to function as both drug carriers and therapeutic agents. Derived primarily from carbon, silica, metals, and metal oxides, they offer superior drug-loading capacity, heightened quantum yield, and participation in advanced photothermal and photodynamic therapies. This review provides a brief overview of the pathophysiology of colorectal cancer and the pivotal role of inorganic nanoparticles in photothermal therapy photodynamic therapy, and drug delivery. Additionally, it discusses numerous inorganic nanoparticles in colorectal cancer therapy based on recent literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Narayana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - B H Jaswanth Gowda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharmin Sultana Shimu
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Karthika Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, 570015, Karnataka, India.
| | - Avinaba Das
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Durgapur, 713212, West Bengal, India
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Mohammed Gulzar Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Maryam Abbasi Tarighat
- Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Abdi
- Department of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ru J, Chen Y, Tao S, Du S, Liang C, Teng Z, Gao Y. Exploring Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as a Nanocarrier in the Delivery of Foot-And-Mouth Disease Virus-like Particle Vaccines. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:1064-1072. [PMID: 38286026 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine is considered to be the most promising candidate alternative to the traditional inactivated vaccine for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). To elicit a desired immune response, hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs) have been synthesized and utilized as a nanocarrier for FMD VLP vaccine delivery. The as-prepared HMSNs displayed a relatively small particle size (∼260 nm), large cavity (∼150 nm), and thin wall (∼55 nm). The inherent structural superiorities make them ideal nanocarriers for the FMD VLP vaccine, which exhibited good biocompatibility, great protein-loading capacity, high antibody-response level, and protective efficiency, even comparable to commercial adjuvant ISA 206. All the results suggested that HMSNs may be a valid nanocarrier in VLP-based vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Ru
- Institute for Advanced Research, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Institute for Advanced Research, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035, P. R. China
| | - Siyi Tao
- Institute for Advanced Research, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035, P. R. China
| | - Shaobo Du
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
| | - Chao Liang
- Institute for Advanced Research, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035, P. R. China
| | - Zhidong Teng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
AbouAitah K, Abdelaziz AM, Higazy IM, Swiderska-Sroda A, Hassan AME, Shaker OG, Szałaj U, Stobinski L, Malolepszy A, Lojkowski W. Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes for Delivery of Ferulic Acid and Diosgenin Anticancer Natural Agents. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:791-811. [PMID: 38253026 PMCID: PMC10880110 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
It was investigated whether loading multi-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with two natural anticancer agents: ferulic acid (FUA) and diosgenin (DGN), may enhance the anticancer effect of these drugs. The CNTs were functionalized with carboxylic acid (CNTCOOH) or amine (CNTNH2), loaded with the above pro-drugs, as well as both combined and coated with chitosan or chitosan-stearic acid. Following physicochemical characterization, the drug-loading properties and kinetics of the drug's release were investigated. Their effects on normal human skin fibroblasts and MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells, HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and A549 non-small-cell lung cancer cells were evaluated in vitro. Their actions at the molecular level were evaluated by assessing the expression of lncRNAs (HULC, HOTAIR, CCAT-2, H19, and HOTTIP), microRNAs (mir-21, mir-92, mir-145, and mir-181a), and proteins (TGF-β and E-cadherin) in HepG2 cells. The release of both pro-drugs depended on the glutathione concentration, coating, and functionalization. Release occurred in two stages: a no-burst/zero-order release followed by a sustained release best fitted to Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics. The combined nanoformulation cancer inhibition effect on HepG2 cancer cells was more pronounced than for A549 and MCF7 cells. The combined nanoformulations had an additive impact followed by a synergistic effect, with antagonism demonstrated at high concentrations. The nanoformulation coated with chitosan and stearic acid was particularly successful in targeting HepG2 cells and inducing apoptosis. The CNT functionalized with carboxylic acid (CNTCOOH), loaded with both FUA and DGN, and coated with chitosan-stearic acid inhibited the expression of lncRNAs and modulated both microRNAs and proteins. Thus, nanoformulations composed of functionalized CNTs dual-loaded with FUA and DGN and coated with chitosan-stearic acid are a promising drug delivery system that enhances the activity of natural pro-drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled AbouAitah
- Medicinal
and Aromatic Plants Research Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries
Research Institute, National Research Centre
(NRC), 33 El-Behouth Street, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Abdelaziz
- Supplementary
General Sciences, Future University, End of 90th Street, Fifth Settlement, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Imane M. Higazy
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research
Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Behouth Street, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Anna Swiderska-Sroda
- Institute
of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy
of Sciences, Sokolowska
29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Abeer M. E. Hassan
- Analytical
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza 12585, Egypt
| | - Olfat G. Shaker
- Medical
Biochemistry
and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11511, Egypt
| | - Urszula Szałaj
- Institute
of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy
of Sciences, Sokolowska
29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty
of Materials Engineering, Warsaw University
of Technology, Wołoska 41, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Stobinski
- NANOMATPL
Ltd., 14/38 Wyszogrodzka
Street, Warsaw 03-337, Poland
- Faculty
of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw
University of Technology, 1 Warynskiego Street, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Malolepszy
- Faculty
of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw
University of Technology, 1 Warynskiego Street, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Witold Lojkowski
- Institute
of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy
of Sciences, Sokolowska
29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ma Z, Xu J, Wang C, Liu Z, Zhu G. Molecular dynamics simulation study on the binding mechanism between carbon nanotubes and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38263694 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2308781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have potential prospects in disease treatment, so it is of great significance to study CNTs as the possible inhibitors of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Through the way of using the RdRp of SARS-COV-2 as a model, five armchair single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) (namely Dn, which stands for CNTs (n, m = n), n = 3-7) and RdRp have been selected to study the interactions by means of molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. After five SWCNT-RdRp complex systems have been subjected to the molecular dynamics simulations of 100 ns, and Molecular Mechanics Poisson - Boltzmann Surface Area (MMPBSA) has been used to calculate the binding free energy, it is found that the binding free energy of the D6 system (-189.541 kJ/mol) is significantly higher than that of the other four systems, and most of the amino acids with strong positive effects on binding are usually basic amino acids. What's more, in the further investigation of the specific interaction mechanism between CNT (6,6) and RdRp, it is revealed that the three amino acid residues LYS545, ARG553 and ARG555 located in the nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) entry channel all have strong effects. In addition, it is also observed that when ARG555 has been inserted into SWCNT, a stable structure will be formed, which will break the original NTP entry channel structure and inhibit virus replication. Therefore, it can be concluded that certain specific types of SWCNT, such as CNT (6,6), could be potential small molecule inhibitors in the treatment of coronavirus.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaopeng Ma
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Jianqiang Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Zhicong Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Guanglai Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yu H, He X, Gu X, Hou Y, Zhao H, Gao L, An R, Wang J. Carbon-coated selenium nanoparticles for photothermal therapy in choriocarcinoma cells. RSC Adv 2024; 14:640-649. [PMID: 38173625 PMCID: PMC10758934 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07085a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Choriocarcinoma can be cured by chemotherapy, but this causes resistance and severe side effects that bring about physical and psychological consequences for patients. Therefore, there is still an urgent need to find other alternative minimally invasive therapies to halt the progression of choriocarcinoma. Novel carbon-coated selenium nanoparticles (C-Se) were successfully synthesized for choriocarcinoma photothermal therapy. C-Se combined with near-infrared laser irradiation can inhibit the proliferation of human choriocarcinoma (JEG-3) cells and induce cell apoptosis. C-Se killed cells and produced ROS under near-infrared laser irradiation. Finally, the therapeutic mechanism of C-Se + laser was explored showing that C-Se + laser influenced numerous biological processes. Taken together, C-Se exhibited significant potential for choriocarcinoma photothermal therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Xinyi He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Xiaoya Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Yuemin Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Haoyi Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Ruifang An
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stangel C, Kagkoura A, Pippa N, Stellas D, Zhang M, Okazaki T, Demetzos C, Tagmatarchis N. Preclinical evaluation of modified carbon nanohorns and their complexation with insulin. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:6847-6857. [PMID: 38059018 PMCID: PMC10696926 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00471f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The current study emphasizes the minimal toxicity observed in vitro and in vivo for carbon nanohorns (CNHs) modified with third generation polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers. Initially, we investigated the interactions between CNH-PAMAM and lipid bilayers, which were utilized as representative models of cellular membranes for the evaluation of their toxicity in vitro. We found that the majority of those interactions occur between the modified CNHs and the polar groups of phospholipids, meaning that CNH-PAMAM does not incorporate into the lipid chains, and thus, disruption of the lipid bilayer structure is avoided. This outcome is a very important observation for further evaluation of CNH-PAPAM in cell lines and in animal models. Next, we demonstrated the potential of CNH-PAMAM for complexation with insulin, as a proof of concept for its employment as a delivery platform. Importantly, our study provides comprehensive evidence of low toxicity for CNH-PAMAM both in vitro and in vivo. The assessment of cellular toxicity revealed that the modified CNHs exhibited minimal toxicity, with concentrations of 151 μg mL-1 and 349 μg mL-1, showing negligible harm to EO771 cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), respectively. Moreover, the histological analysis of the mouse livers demonstrated no evidence of tissue necrosis and inflammation, or any visible signs of severe toxicity. These findings collectively indicate the safe profile of CNH-PAMAM and further contribute to the growing body of knowledge on the safe and efficient utilization of CNH-based nanomaterials in drug and protein delivery applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Stangel
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue Athens 11635 Greece
| | - Antonia Kagkoura
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue Athens 11635 Greece
| | - Natassa Pippa
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens 15771 Greece
| | - Dimitris Stellas
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue Athens 11635 Greece
| | - Minfang Zhang
- Nano Carbon Device Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba 305-8565 Japan
| | - Toshiya Okazaki
- Nano Carbon Device Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba 305-8565 Japan
| | - Costas Demetzos
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens 15771 Greece
| | - Nikos Tagmatarchis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue Athens 11635 Greece
| |
Collapse
|