1
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Raji Reddy C, Edhara V, Kumari A, Patil AD, Thandavamurthy K. Entry to 4,5-fused coumarin frameworks via radical-promoted alkylative intramolecular C5-annulation. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:6385-6392. [PMID: 39054964 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00942h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
An unprecedented radical-promoted strategy involving a domino alkylation/intramolecular C5-annulation of N-acryloyl-4-amino coumarin has been devised for the assembly of 4,5-fused coumarin scaffolds. This protocol employs silver-catalyzed oxidative decarboxylation for the generation of alkyl radicals from carboxylic acids, which were used as radical precursors. This method has also been extended to a diverse range of carbon-centered radicals generated from 2-oxo acids, a 1,3-dicarbonyl compound, isopropanol and acetone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chada Raji Reddy
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad - 500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Venkatareddy Edhara
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Ankita Kumari
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad - 500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Amol D Patil
- Department of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad - 500007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
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2
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Ronzheimer A, Ringelmann AE, Morlock GE. Fast and sustainable planar yeast-based bioassay for endocrine disruptors in complex mixtures: Start of cell cultivation to result within one day. Talanta 2024; 272:125746. [PMID: 38447467 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
High-performance thin-layer chromatography hyphenated with planar multiplex bioassays and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry contributes to the non-target detection or even identification of active compounds in complex mixtures such as food, feed, cosmetics, commodities, and environmental samples. It can be used to discover previously unknown harmful or active substances in complex samples and to tentatively assign molecular formulas. This method is already faster than the commonly used in vitro assays along with liquid chromatographic separations, but overnight cell cultivation still prevents a planar bioassay from being performed within one day. There is also still potential for optimization in terms of sustainability. To achieve this, the planar bioassay protocols for the detection of androgen-like and estrogen-like compounds were harmonized. The successful minimization of the cell culture volume enabled accelerated cell cultivation, which allowed the bioassay to be performed within one day. This was considered a milestone achieved, as up to 23 samples per plate can now be analyzed from the start of cultivation to the biological endpoint on the same day. Doubling the substrate amount and increasing the pH of the silica gel layer led to a more sensitive and selective bioassay due to the enhanced fluorescence of the formed end-product. The faster and more sustainable bioassay protocol was applied to complex samples such as sunscreen and red wine to detect estrogen-like compounds. The developed method was validated by comparison with a standard method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Ronzheimer
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anne E Ringelmann
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gertrud E Morlock
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institute of Nutritional Science, Chair of Food Science, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany; Center for Sustainable Food Systems, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Senckenbergstr. 3, 35390, Giessen, Germany.
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3
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Mohammad SA, Toragall VB, Fortenberry A, Shofolawe-Bakare O, Sulochana S, Heath K, Owolabi I, Tassin G, Flynt AS, Smith AE, Werfel T. Postpolymerization Modification of Poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl azlactone) as a Versatile Strategy for Drug Conjugation and Stimuli-Responsive Release. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:2621-2634. [PMID: 38457653 PMCID: PMC11194783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Postpolymerization modification of highly defined "scaffold" polymers is a promising approach for overcoming the existing limitations of controlled radical polymerization such as batch-to-batch inconsistencies, accessibility to different monomers, and compatibility with harsh synthesis conditions. Using multiple physicochemical characterization techniques, we demonstrate that poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl azlactone) (PVDMA) scaffolds can be efficiently modified with a coumarin derivative, doxorubicin, and camptothecin small molecule drugs. Subsequently, we show that coumarin-modified PVDMA has a high cellular biocompatibility and that coumarin derivatives are liberated from the polymer in the intracellular environment for cytosolic accumulation. In addition, we report the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and antitumor efficacy of a PVDMA-based polymer for the first time, demonstrating unique accumulation patterns based on the administration route (i.e., intravenous vs oral), efficient tumor uptake, and tumor growth inhibition in 4T1 orthotopic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) xenografts. This work establishes the utility of PVDMA as a versatile chemical platform for producing polymer-drug conjugates with a tunable, stimuli-responsive delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Arif Mohammad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Veeresh B. Toragall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Alex Fortenberry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | | | - Suresh Sulochana
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Natural Products Neuroscience, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Katie Heath
- Center of Biomedical Research Excellence in Natural Products Neuroscience, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Iyanuoluwani Owolabi
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Garrett Tassin
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Alex S. Flynt
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Adam E. Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Thomas Werfel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS, 38677, USA
- Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
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4
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Shang Y, Meng X, Liu J, Song N, Zheng H, Han C, Ma Q. Applications of mass spectrometry in cosmetic analysis: An overview. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1705:464175. [PMID: 37406420 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) is a crucial tool in cosmetic analysis. It is widely used for ingredient screening, quality control, risk monitoring, authenticity verification, and efficacy evaluation. However, due to the diversity of cosmetic products and the rapid development of MS-based analytical methods, the relevant literature needs a more systematic collation of information on this subject to unravel the true potential of MS in cosmetic analysis. Herein, an overview of the role of MS in cosmetic analysis over the past two decades is presented. The currently used sample preparation methods, ionization techniques, and types of mass analyzers are demonstrated in detail. In addition, a brief perspective on the future development of MS for cosmetic analysis is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Shang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Xianshuang Meng
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Naining Song
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Hongyan Zheng
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Chao Han
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China.
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5
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Khorsandi M, Nemati-Kande E, Hosseini F, Martinez F, Shekaari H, Mokhtarpour M. Effect of choline chloride based deep eutectic solvents on the aqueous solubility of 4-hydroxycoumarin drug: Measurement and correlation. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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6
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Sing L, Schwack W, Göttsche R, Morlock GE. 2LabsToGo─Recipe for Building Your Own Chromatography Equipment Including Biological Assay and Effect Detection. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14554-14564. [PMID: 36225170 PMCID: PMC9610689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A complete recipe for building your own chromatography equipment from readily available materials is introduced. It combines sample separation (chemistry laboratory) with biological effect detection (biology laboratory). This hyphenation of two disciplines is necessary for prioritizing important compounds in complex samples. Among the thousands of compounds therein, it is often not clear which compounds are the important ones. On the same separation surface, additional detection of biological effects enables and guides substance prioritization. The newly developed open-source 2LabsToGo system for chemical and biological analysis is completely solvent-resistant and, due to miniaturization, environmentally friendly regarding the consumption of materials. It produces comparable results but is 10 times more compact (26 cm × 31 cm × 34 cm), 10 times lighter (6.8 kg), and 55 times less expensive (€ 1717) than current sophisticated commercial devices. As a proof of concept of the first 2LabsToGo system, the quality of different water samples was analyzed since clean water is becoming increasingly rare. In water, most of the thousands of substance signals or features can neither be identified nor classified toxicologically. However, methods that exploit this hyphenated strategy provide answers to such essential safety issues. Drinking or tap water did not show bioactive or toxic compounds, which was expected, whereas biogas or landfill water samples did. The hyphenated 2LabsToGo strategy is affordable and extremely useful for all laboratories with limited equipment but pressing challenges. It is ready to be used in various analytical tasks and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Sing
- Institute of Nutritional
Science, Chair of Food Science, and Interdisciplinary Research Center
(iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schwack
- Institute of Nutritional
Science, Chair of Food Science, and Interdisciplinary Research Center
(iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Rieke Göttsche
- Institute of Nutritional
Science, Chair of Food Science, and Interdisciplinary Research Center
(iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Gertrud Elisabeth Morlock
- Institute of Nutritional
Science, Chair of Food Science, and Interdisciplinary Research Center
(iFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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7
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Calixarenes as Host Molecules for Drug Carriers in the Cosmetic and Medical Field. Macromol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-022-0094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Analysis of Prohibited and Restricted Ingredients in Cosmetics. COSMETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics9040087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The general public uses cosmetics daily. Cosmetic products contain substances (ingredients) with various functions, from skincare to enhancing appearance, as well as ingredients that preserve the cosmetic products. Some cosmetic ingredients are prohibited or restricted in certain geographical regions, such as the European Union and the United States of America, due to their potential to cause adverse effects such as cancer, birth defects, and/or developmental and reproductive disorders. However, the ingredients may be used in other regions, and, hence, the monitoring of the cosmetic ingredients actually used is important to ensure the safety of cosmetic products. This review provides an overview of recent analytical methods that have been developed for detecting certain ingredients that are restricted or prohibited by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and/or EU legislation on cosmetic products.
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9
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El-Sawy ER, Abdelwahab AB, Kirsch G. Insight on Mercapto-Coumarins: Synthesis and Reactivity. Molecules 2022; 27:2150. [PMID: 35408548 PMCID: PMC9000435 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mercapto (or sulfanyl)-coumarins are heterocycles of great interest in the development of valuable active structures in material and biological domains. They represent a highly exploitable class of compounds that open many possibilities for further chemical transformations. The present review aims to draw focus toward the synthetic applicability of various forms of mercapto-coumarins and their representations in pharmaceuticals and industries. This work covers the literature issued from 1970 to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam Reda El-Sawy
- National Research Centre, Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | | | - Gilbert Kirsch
- Laboratoire Lorrain de Chimie Moleculaire (L.2.C.M.), Universite de Lorraine, 57050 Metz, France
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10
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Aleaba G, Asadi SK, Daneshvar N, Shirini F. [2,2'-Bipyridine]-1,1'-diium perchlorate as a new and efficient dicationic organic salt for the promotion of the synthesis of bis(4-hydroxycoumarin), 5-arylidene barbituric acid and pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidinone derivatives in water. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-022-04692-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Review of recent advancements in fluorescent chemosensor for ion detection via coumarin derivatives. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02092-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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12
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Mirjalili BBF, Bamoniri A, Fazeli-Attar SA. Nano-BFn/cellulose: a bio-based nano-catalyst for synthesis of bio-active 7-hydroxycoumarins. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-021-04634-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Yi B, Wang Q, Tan J, Yi Z, Li D, Kang S, Zhang W, Tang H, Xie Y. Visible Light‐mediated, Iodine‐catalyzed Radical Cascade Sulfonylation/Cyclization for the Synthesis of Sulfone‐containing Coumarin under Photocatalyst‐free Conditions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yi
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Recycling College of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hunan Institute of Engineering Xiangtan 411104 P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Recycling College of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hunan Institute of Engineering Xiangtan 411104 P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Ping Tan
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Recycling College of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hunan Institute of Engineering Xiangtan 411104 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Ziqi Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Daiguang Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Recycling College of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hunan Institute of Engineering Xiangtan 411104 P. R. China
| | - Shiyuan Kang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Recycling College of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hunan Institute of Engineering Xiangtan 411104 P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- College of Chemistry Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P. R. China
| | - Huan Tang
- College of Chemistry Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Xie
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Waste Recycling College of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hunan Institute of Engineering Xiangtan 411104 P. R. China
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14
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Khorsandi M, Shekaari H, Mokhtarpour M, Hamishehkar H. Cytotoxicity of some choline-based deep eutectic solvents and their effect on solubility of coumarin drug. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 167:106022. [PMID: 34592461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of some deep eutectic solvents (DESs) on the coumarin solubility has been investigated using Hansen solubility parameters (HSP). The solubility of coumarin was measured in aqueous systems containing some DESs based on choline chloride (ChCl) as hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) with urea (U), ethylene glycol (EG), and glycerol (GLY) as hydrogen bond donors (HBD) by widely applied shake-flask method at T = (298.15 to 313.15) K. The results indicate that coumarin solubility enhances with the concentration of DESs and temperature. Also, coumarin was dissolved more than 80 times compared with pure water in the presence of ChCl/EG. Then experimental data were fitted to Wilson, electrolyte Non-Random Tow-Liquid (e-NRTL), and UNIQUAC activity coefficient models. Furthermore, the dissolution thermodynamic properties including enthalpy, Gibbs free energy, and entropy have been calculated based on Gibbs and van't Hoff equations. Due to these results, it is indicated that coumarin dissolution in the studied systems is an endothermic process. Moreover, to investigate the biological properties of DESs, MTT assay have been applied to determinate cytotoxicity of the DESs. In the melanoma skin cell line, cell culture tests revealed that these solvents had very low toxicity and high biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hemayat Shekaari
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical, Tabriz, Iran
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15
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Morlock GE. High-performance thin-layer chromatography combined with effect-directed assays and high-resolution mass spectrometry as an emerging hyphenated technology: A tutorial review. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1180:338644. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Wang L, Ding S, Shen H, Wang Y, Hao S, Yin G, Qiu J, Lin B, Wu Z, Zhao M. Generation of Coumarin‐3‐Carboxamides From Coumarin‐3‐Carboxylic Acids and Tetraalkylthiuram Disulfides Catalyzed by Copper Salts. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Wang
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province College of Tobacco Science Henan Agricultural University 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002 Henan P. R. China
| | - SongShuang Ding
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province College of Tobacco Science Henan Agricultural University 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002 Henan P. R. China
| | - Hongtao Shen
- Technology Center China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd. 9 3th Jingkai Avenue, Zhengzhou 450000 Henan P. R. China
| | - Yiying Wang
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province College of Tobacco Science Henan Agricultural University 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002 Henan P. R. China
| | - Shuai Hao
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province College of Tobacco Science Henan Agricultural University 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002 Henan P. R. China
| | - Guangting Yin
- Technology Center China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd. 9 3th Jingkai Avenue, Zhengzhou 450000 Henan P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Qiu
- Technology Center China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd. 9 3th Jingkai Avenue, Zhengzhou 450000 Henan P. R. China
| | - Beisen Lin
- Hainan Provincial Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation No. 120, Hongchenghu Road, Haikou 571103 Hainan P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Wu
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province College of Tobacco Science Henan Agricultural University 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002 Henan P. R. China
| | - Mingqin Zhao
- Flavors and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province College of Tobacco Science Henan Agricultural University 95 Wenhua Road, Zhengzhou 450002 Henan P. R. China
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600 036 Tamil Nadu India
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18
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Xia Y, Xie D, Xu A, Ding S, Liu C. A theoretical study of the photophysical properties of coumarin-carbohydrazone and coumarin-thiocarbohydrazone. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Singh
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee 247667 India
| | - Anuj Sharma
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee 247667 India
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20
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Dou C, Tang M, Xia Y, Yang L, Qiu X, Li Y, Ye H, Wan L. Identification of In Vivo Metabolites of a Potential Anti-tumor Drug Candidate AMAC, in Rat Plasma, Urine and Feces Samples Using UHPLC/QTOF /MS/MS. CURR PHARM ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412916666191230124527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Drugs based on natural products targeting the microtubule system remain an
important component in cancer therapy. Compound 10, 4-((3-amino-4-methoxyphenyl) amino)-2Hcoumarin,
derived from coumarin, showed excellent anti-proliferative activity through directly binding
to the colchicine-binding site in β-tubulin, suggesting that it could be a perfect drug candidate for antitumor
drug research and development. Identification and structural characterization of metabolites is a
critical step of both drug discovery and development research.
Objective:
Compound 10, 4-((3-amino-4-methoxyphenyl) amino)-2H-coumarin, derived from coumarin.
Method:
In this study, an efficient and sensitive method using Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
couple with Quadrupole Time of Flight tandem Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC/QTOF/
MS/MS) was successfully established and applied to identify the in vivo metabolites in plasma,
urine and feces samples of rats after intravenous administration of Compound 10 with a single dose of
10 mg/kg.
Result:
A total of eight metabolites (including two phase I and six phase II metabolites) had been detected
or tentatively identified in plasma, urine and feces, indicating the prominent metabolic pathways
were glucuronidation, demethylation and hydroxylation. In addition, in order to understand the structure
of metabolites more accurately, synthesis strategy was used to confirm the metabolite M3.
Conclusion:
The present study provides important information on the metabolism of Compound 10 in
vivo for the first time, which would be helpful for understanding the potential metabolic processes of
Compound 10 and paving the way for pharmacology and toxicology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Dou
- School of pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province,China
| | - Minghai Tang
- Lab of Natural Product Drugs, Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province,China
| | - Yuanyuan Xia
- School of pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province,China
| | - Linyu Yang
- Lab of Natural Product Drugs, Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province,China
| | - Xiang Qiu
- School of pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province,China
| | - Yong Li
- Lab of Natural Product Drugs, Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province,China
| | - Haoyu Ye
- Lab of Natural Product Drugs, Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province,China
| | - Li Wan
- School of pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province,China
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21
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Badran AS, Ahmed A, A. Ibrahim M. Chemical Transformation of Chromones into Coumarins. HETEROCYCLES 2021. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-21-962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Roy N, Ghosh B, Roy D, Bhaumik B, Roy MN. Exploring the Inclusion Complex of a Drug (Umbelliferone) with α-Cyclodextrin Optimized by Molecular Docking and Increasing Bioavailability with Minimizing the Doses in Human Body. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:30243-30251. [PMID: 33251458 PMCID: PMC7689913 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, umbelliferone and α-cyclodextrin host molecules have been mixed up through a coprecipitation method to prepare a supramolecular complex to provide physical insights into the formation and stability of the inclusion complex (IC). The prepared hybrid was characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry, DSC, and fluorescence spectroscopic studies. Job's plot provides a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1 and the Benesi-Hildebrand double reciprocal plot gives binding constant values using fluorescence spectroscopic titrations and the ESI mass data support the experimental observations. The results of molecular modeling were systematically analyzed to validate the inclusion complexation. In preliminary computational screening, α-cyclodextrin IC of umbelliferone was found to be quite stable based on the docking score, binding free energies, and dynamic simulations. In addition, the results obtained from 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopy studies supported the inclusion complexation phenomenon. The results obtained from computational studies were found to be consistent with the experimental data to ascertain the encapsulation of umbelliferone into α-cyclodextrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloy Roy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, India
| | - Biswajit Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, India
| | - Debadrita Roy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, India
| | - Biswajit Bhaumik
- Department
of Chemistry, Surya Sen Mahavidyalaya, Jalpaiguri 734004, India
| | - Mahendra Nath Roy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling 734013, India
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23
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Chang TK, Lin CY, Chen YJ, Yeh TF, Chang ST. Rapid determination of S-(+)-linalool in leaf of Cinnamomum osmophloeum ct. linalool using ultrasound-assisted microextraction. J Anal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-020-00234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCinnamomum osmophloeum ct. linalool is one chemotype of indigenous cinnamon in Taiwan. Its leaf essential oil (LEO) and main component S-(+)-linalool both possess great anxiolytic activities. The aim of this study was to establish ultrasound-assisted microextraction (UAME) for extracting LEO from C. osmophloeum ct. linalool. The absolute content of S-(+)-linalool and chemical composition of LEO were analyzed using GC-MS and GC-FID. To obtain the optimal conditions for UAME, four parameters (ultrasonic extraction duration, power of ultrasound, times of extraction, and leaf weight of extraction) were investigated according to the S-(+)-linalool content extracted. Results showed that the optimal condition was 10 mg of leaf extracted using n-hexane in an ultrasonicator with ultrasonic power of 80 W for 1 min. Furthermore, the absolute content of S-(+)-linalool obtained by UAME (28.3 ± 0.5 mg/g leaf) was comparable with that extracted by the 30-min hydrodistillation (HD) (26.9 ± 2.7 mg/g leaf). UAME was then employed to extract S-(+)-linalool from leaves at different stages of maturity (young, semi-mature, and mature). Results indicated that only mature leaf contains large amounts of S-(+)-linalool. Of note is that the LEO extracted by UAME contains coumarin, while that extracted by HD does not. Coumarin is an important ingredient in a number of cosmetic products due to its odor-fixing properties. With UAME, the leaf of C. osmophloeum ct. linalool has potential to be used as an aromatic material for further applications. In conclusion, UAME established in the present study provides a simple and rapid method for the determination of S-(+)-linalool and chemical composition of LEO from C. osmophloeum ct. linalool.
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24
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Fu C, Liu M, Li Y, Wang K, Yang B, Deng L, Tian J, Yang G, Zheng G. UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS Analysis for Identification of Lipophilic Components in Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus from Different Origins in China Using Supercritical CO 2 Fluid Extraction Method. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:11013-11023. [PMID: 32455222 PMCID: PMC7241013 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
To thoroughly evaluate the quality of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus (CSF) and acquire knowledge of the lipophilic components of CSF from different origins, a simple and efficient approach based on supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) combined with ultraperformance liquid chromatography plus Q-Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS) detection for the discrimination of components from CSF was set up for the first time in this work. Eight batches of CSF samples from five main producing areas were extracted by SFE under optimized conditions, and then SFE extracts were dissected via UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS. The results indicated that 39 lipophilic compounds were successfully separated and unambiguously or tentatively identified, where 4 coumarins, 6 polymethoxyflavones, 3 phthalides, 6 terpenes, and 4 phenolics were not reported formerly. It was illustrated that CSF may be abundant in polymethoxyflavones, as in coumarins. Moreover, there were significant differences in the components of CSF from different origins. Especially, coumarin, dehydrocostus lactone, atractylenolide II, and atractylenolide I were exclusively found in CSF from the Guangdong province; isopsoralen was almost exclusively found in CSF from the Guangxi province; and ferulic acid was exclusively found in CSF from the Zhejiang province. These observations indicated that SFE joint with UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS owing to the potential of characterizing the lipophilic components could be used to promote quality assessment and chemotaxonomic investigation in phytology sciences of CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxiao Fu
- Center
of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, P. R. China
- Department
of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital
of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Mengshi Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the
State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yueshan Li
- School
of Health and Wellness, Guangzhou Huaxia
Technical College, Guangzhou 510935, P. R. China
| | - Kanghui Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the
State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department
of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital
of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Lijing Deng
- Department
of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital
of University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Jingyuan Tian
- Key
Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the
State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Guoping Yang
- Center
of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, P. R. China
- . Phone/Fax: +86-0731-88618931
| | - Guodong Zheng
- Key
Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the
State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, P. R. China
- . Phone/Fax: +86-020-37103256
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25
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Worachartcheewan A, Prachayasittikul V, Prachayasittikul S, Tantivit V, Yeeyahya C, Prachayasittikul V. Rational design of novel coumarins: A potential trend for antioxidants in cosmetics. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:209-226. [PMID: 32256267 PMCID: PMC7105943 DOI: 10.17179/excli2019-1903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Coumarins are well-known for their antioxidant effect and aromatic property, thus, they are one of ingredients commonly added in cosmetics and personal care products. Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) modeling is an in silico method widely used to facilitate rational design and structural optimization of novel drugs. Herein, QSAR modeling was used to elucidate key properties governing antioxidant activity of a series of the reported coumarin-based antioxidant agents (1-28). Several types of descriptors (calculated from 4 softwares i.e., Gaussian 09, Dragon, PaDEL and Mold2 softwares) were used to generate three multiple linear regression (MLR) models with preferable predictive performance (Q 2 LOO-CV = 0.813-0.908; RMSE LOO-CV = 0.150-0.210; Q 2 Ext = 0.875-0.952; RMSE Ext = 0.104-0.166). QSAR analysis indicated that number of secondary amines (nArNHR), polarizability (G2p), electronegativity (D467, D580, SpMin2_Bhe, and MATS8e), van der Waals volume (D491 and D461), and H-bond potential (SHBint4) are important properties governing antioxidant activity. The constructed models were also applied to guide in silico rational design of an additional set of 69 structurally modified coumarins with improved antioxidant activity. Finally, a set of 9 promising newly design compounds were highlighted for further development. Structure-activity analysis also revealed key features required for potent activity which would be useful for guiding the future rational design. In overview, our findings demonstrated that QSAR modeling could possibly be a facilitating tool to enhance successful development of bioactive compounds for health and cosmetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apilak Worachartcheewan
- Department of Community Medical Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Veda Prachayasittikul
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Supaluk Prachayasittikul
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Visanu Tantivit
- Department of Community Medical Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Chareef Yeeyahya
- Department of Community Medical Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Virapong Prachayasittikul
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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26
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Prusty JS, Kumar A. Coumarins: antifungal effectiveness and future therapeutic scope. Mol Divers 2019; 24:1367-1383. [PMID: 31520360 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-019-09992-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The antifungals that are in current clinical practice have a high occurrence of a side effect and multidrug resistance (MDR). Researchers across the globe are trying to develop a suitable antifungal that has minimum side effect as well as no MDR issues. Due to serious undesired effects connected with individual antifungals, it is now necessary to introduce novel and effective drugs having numerous potentials to regulate complex therapeutic targets of several fungal infections simultaneously. Thus, by taking a lead from this subject, synthesis of potent antifungals from coumarin moiety could contribute to the development of promising antifungal. Its resemblance and structural diversity make it possible to produce an auspicious antifungal candidate. Due to the natural origin of coumarin, its presence in diversity, and their broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, it secures an important place for the researcher to investigate and develop it as a promising antifungal in future. This manuscript discusses the bioavailability of coumarin (natural secondary metabolic molecule) that has privileged scaffold for many mycologists to develop it as a broad-spectrum antifungal against several opportunistic mycoses. As a result, several different kinds of coumarin derivatives were synthesized and their antifungal properties were evaluated. This review compiles various coumarin derivatives broadly investigated for antifungal activities to understand its current status and future therapeutic scope in antifungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Sankar Prusty
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, CG, 492010, India
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, CG, 492010, India.
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27
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Cao D, Liu Z, Verwilst P, Koo S, Jangjili P, Kim JS, Lin W. Coumarin-Based Small-Molecule Fluorescent Chemosensors. Chem Rev 2019; 119:10403-10519. [PMID: 31314507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 631] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coumarins are a very large family of compounds containing the unique 2H-chromen-2-one motif, as it is known according to IUPAC nomenclature. Coumarin derivatives are widely found in nature, especially in plants and are constituents of several essential oils. Up to now, thousands of coumarin derivatives have been isolated from nature or produced by chemists. More recently, the coumarin platform has been widely adopted in the design of small-molecule fluorescent chemosensors because of its excellent biocompatibility, strong and stable fluorescence emission, and good structural flexibility. This scaffold has found wide applications in the development of fluorescent chemosensors in the fields of molecular recognition, molecular imaging, bioorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry, materials chemistry, as well as in the biology and medical science communities. This review focuses on the important progress of coumarin-based small-molecule fluorescent chemosensors during the period of 2012-2018. This comprehensive and critical review may facilitate the development of more powerful fluorescent chemosensors for broad and exciting applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duxia Cao
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
| | - Peter Verwilst
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Korea
| | - Seyoung Koo
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Korea
| | | | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Korea
| | - Weiying Lin
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Guangxi University , Nanning , Guangxi 530004 , P. R. China
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28
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Häbe TT, Jamshidi-Aidji M, Macho J, Morlock GE. Direct bioautography hyphenated to direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry: Chromatographic separation, bioassay and mass spectra, all in the same sample run. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1568:188-196. [PMID: 30076006 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectra were recorded directly in situ the bioautogram, i.e., in the presence of microorganisms, bioassay medium and substrate reagent. The desorption-based direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) was applied immediately after direct bioautography (DB). It turned out to be an advantageous combination, as it offered the possibility of a straightforward mass spectrometric detection of bioactive analytes within the bioautogram, and at the same time, it was discriminating microorganism cells and highly polar bioassay medium ingredients which could otherwise stress the MS system. DB-DART-MS was investigated for bioactive compounds in cosmetics using the Bacillus subtilis and Aliivibrio fischeri bioassays for detection of Gram-positive and Gram-negative antimicrobials, respectively, and the planar yeast estrogen screen for detection of estrogen-effective compounds. The influences of the three different bioassay matrices on the analyte response and DB-DART-MS performance on different layers were studied on the example of parabens in hand creams. It was shown that with increasing culture medium complexity, the ion suppression increased. As proof-of-principle, the mass spectrometric quantification at the nanogram level in situ the bioautogram was verified by comparison to HPTLC-DART-MS. The total paraben contents of hand creams 1 and 2 were 0.17-0.20% and 0.30-0.34%, respectively, depending on the method used (DB-DART-MS with two different bioassays or HPTLC-DART-MS as well as on RPW or NP plate). In contrast to the current practice of applying the sample twice and subjecting one track to the bioassay and another to MS, the introduced hyphenation DB-DART-MS is straightforward and highly efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim T Häbe
- Chair of Food Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, and Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Maryam Jamshidi-Aidji
- Chair of Food Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, and Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Macho
- Chair of Food Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, and Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Gertrud E Morlock
- Chair of Food Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, and Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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29
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Sherma J, Rabel F. Thin-layer chromatography in the analysis of sunscreens. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2017.1402343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Sherma
- Department of Chemistry, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, USA
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