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Pajoubpong J, Mayhan CM, Dar AA, Greenwood AI, Klebba KC, Cremer ML, Kumari H. Dynamic macromolecular material design: the versatility of cucurbituril over cyclodextrin in host-guest chemistry. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:4376-4384. [PMID: 39170981 PMCID: PMC11334980 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00324a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The keto-enol tautomerism of avobenzone (AVO) is pivotal to its photostability, influenced by microenvironmental factors, such as, the type of solvent and complexation with macrocyclic compounds. This study explores the effect of host-guest complexation on AVO photostabilization, employing cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) to form inclusion complexes. CB[7] exhibits a higher affinity to the keto form of AVO, a UVC radiation absorber. The complexed keto form facilitates the regeneration of the enol form, reducing skin permeation. Spectroscopic and thermal analyses confirm 1 : 1 AVO-CB[7] and AVO-β-CD complex formation. Computational and MD simulations show that host-guest complex is favored over isolated AVO and β-CD or CB[7] molecules by 95-125 kJ mol-1, depending on the presence of implicit solvent. Both macrocycles enhance AVO photostabilization in aqueous environments, with CB[7] displaying greater selectivity for the keto form, while β-CD shows ethanol concentration-dependent binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinnipha Pajoubpong
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati 231 Albert Sabin Way Cincinnati OH 45267-0514 USA
| | - Collin M Mayhan
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati 231 Albert Sabin Way Cincinnati OH 45267-0514 USA
- Helias Catholic High School 1305 Swifts Hwy Jefferson City MO 65109 USA
| | - Ajaz Ahmad Dar
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati 231 Albert Sabin Way Cincinnati OH 45267-0514 USA
| | | | - Karoline C Klebba
- Helias Catholic High School 1305 Swifts Hwy Jefferson City MO 65109 USA
| | - Matthew L Cremer
- Helias Catholic High School 1305 Swifts Hwy Jefferson City MO 65109 USA
| | - Harshita Kumari
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati 231 Albert Sabin Way Cincinnati OH 45267-0514 USA
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2
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Lu Z, Chen X, Wang C, Luo X, Wu X, Zhao X, Xiao S. Self-Assembled Nanocomposite DOX/TPOR 4@CB[7] 4 for Enhanced Synergistic Photodynamic Therapy and Chemotherapy in Neuroblastoma. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:822. [PMID: 38931942 PMCID: PMC11207937 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
DOX/TPOR4@CB[7]4 was synthesized via self-assembly, and its physicochemical properties and ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated. The impact of photodynamic therapy on SH-SY5Y cells was assessed using the MTT assay, while flow cytometry analysis was employed to detect cell apoptosis. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was utilized to observe the intracellular distribution of DOX/TPOR4@CB[7]4 in SH-SY5Y cells. Additionally, fluorescence imaging of DOX/TPOR4@CB[7]4 in nude mice bearing SH-SY5Y tumors and examination of the combined effects of photodynamic and chemical therapies were conducted. The incorporation of CB[7] significantly enhanced the optical properties of DOX/TPOR4@CB[7]4, resulting in increased ROS production and pronounced toxicity towards SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, both the apoptotic and mortality rates exhibited significant elevation. In vivo experiments demonstrated that tumor growth inhibition was most prominent in the DOX/TPOR4@CB[7]4 group. π-π interactions facilitated the binding between DOX and photosensitizer TPOR, with TPOR's naphthalene hydrophilic groups encapsulated within CB[7]'s cavity through host-guest interactions with CB[7]. Therefore, CB[7] can serve as a nanocarrier to enhance the combined application of chemical therapy and photodynamic therapy, thereby significantly improving treatment efficacy against neuroblastoma tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouxia Lu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (X.L.); (X.W.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (X.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Conghui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (X.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Xuelian Luo
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (X.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaohan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (X.L.); (X.W.)
| | - Xing Zhao
- Tumor Immunotherapy Technology Engineering Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 5500025, China;
| | - Song Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.L.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (X.L.); (X.W.)
- Tumor Immunotherapy Technology Engineering Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 5500025, China;
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Kim DS, Kim Y, Lee D, Lee Y. Design of 2-Pyridone Fluorophores for Brighter Emissions at Longer Wavelengths. Chemistry 2024:e202303458. [PMID: 38221142 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The recent discovery of blue fluorophores with high quantum yields based on pyridone structures inspired the development of new low-molecular-weight fluorophores with bright emissions at tunable wavelengths, which are highly attractive for various applications. In this study, we propose a rational design strategy for 2-pyridone-based fluorophores with bright emissions at long wavelengths. With a detailed understanding of the positional substitution effects on each carbon atom of the 2-pyridone core, we developed a bright blue fluorophore (λabs =377 nm; λem =433 nm; ϵ=13,200 M-1 cm-1 ; ϕF =88 %) through C3 -aryl and C4 -ester substitutions followed by cyclization. Furthermore, by applying the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) principle, we invented a bright green fluorophore through C3 - and C4 -diester and C6 -aryl substitutions. The ICT fluorophore based on the pyridone structure shows large molar absorptivity (ϵ=20,100 M-1 cm-1 ), longer emission wavelength (λem =539 nm), high emission quantum yield (ϕF =74 %), and large Stokes shift (Δv=5720 cm-1 ), which are comparable to those of practical fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Sun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwhan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Ye Y, Ma P, Ma Y, Yang N, Chen X, Yang X, Shen L, Xiao X. Study on the host-guest interactions between tetramethyl cucurbit[6]uril and 2-heterocyclic-substituted benzimidazoles. RSC Adv 2024; 14:2652-2658. [PMID: 38229718 PMCID: PMC10790279 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07810h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cucurbit[n]urils (Q[n]s) are a class of supramolecular host compounds with hydrophilic carbonyl ports and hydrophobic cavities, which can selectively form host-guest inclusion complexes with guest molecules to change the properties of guest molecules. In this paper, tetramethyl cucurbit[6]uril (TMeQ[6]) was used as the host and three 2-heterocyclic substituted benzimidazole derivatives as the guests, and their modes of interaction were investigated using X-ray crystallography, 1H NMR spectrometry, and other analytical techniques. The results showed that TMeQ[6] formed a 1 : 1 host-guest inclusion complex with three guest molecules, and the binding process between them was mainly enthalpy-driven. The X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the main driving forces for the formation of these three inclusion complexes included hydrogen bonding interactions and ion dipole interactions. There are two modes of interaction between G3 and TMeQ[6] in the liquid phase, indicating that the benzimidazole ring and heterocyclic substituents on the guest molecule compete with the cavity of TMeQ[6]. Besides, the addition of TMeQ[6] significantly enhanced the fluorescence of these guests and slightly improved their solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Peihua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Yue Ma
- Guiyang College of Humanities and Science Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Naqin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Xiaoqian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Xinan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Lingyi Shen
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
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Ma WJ, Chen HY, Huang YL, Chen JM, Lu TB. Complexation of Fluorofenidone by Cucurbit[7]uril and β-Cyclodextrin: Keto-Enol Tautomerization to Enhance the Solubility. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:4517-4527. [PMID: 37526016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
This study is designed to compare drug encapsulation by cucurbit[7]uril and β-cyclodextrin, using fluorofenidone as a model drug. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis was employed to successfully determine the crystal structures of fluorofenidone·H+@cucurbit[7]uril Form, fluorofenidone@cucurbit[7]uril Form, and fluorofenidone@β-cyclodextrin Form. Keto-enol tautomerization of fluorofenidone mediated by cucurbit[7]uril in acid solution is confirmed by crystal structures, pH titration, and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. However, β-cyclodextrin cannot cause the keto-enol tautomerization of fluorofenidone under similar conditions. The phase solubility study demonstrates that cucurbit[7]uril has a much higher solubilization capacity for fluorofenidone than β-cyclodextrin in 0.1 M HCl since the Kc values of fluorofenidone with cucurbit[7]uril and β-cyclodextrin were 1223.97 ± 452.68 and 78.49 ± 10.56 M-1, respectively. Excellent solubility can be attributed to the keto-enol tautomerization of fluorofenidone under the conditions of cucurbit[7]uril in acid solution. The enol form of fluorofenidone is encapsulated by cucurbit[7]uril by hydrogen bonding interaction and hydrophobic interaction to increase binding affinity. Rat pharmacokinetic studies demonstrate that the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to 7 h value of fluorofenidone@cucurbit[7]uril complex is 1.70-fold greater than that of free fluorofenidone, and the mean residence time from time 0 to 7 h is slightly prolonged from 1.29 to 1.76 h (P < 0.01) after oral administration. However, no significant difference is found between fluorofenidone and fluorofenidone@β-cyclodextrin complex. This work indicates that the induction of keto-enol tautomerization of drugs using macrocyclic molecules has the potential to be an effective method to improve their solubility and bioavailability, providing valuable insights for the application of macrocyclic molecules in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
- Department of Pharmacy, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350212, China
| | - Hua-Yu Chen
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Yong-Liang Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Mei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Tong-Bu Lu
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
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Droguett K, Quintero GE, Santos JG, Aliaga ME. Advancement in supramolecular control of organic reactivity induced by cucurbit[n]urils. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-022-01172-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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The effective interactions of fuchsine and Pararosaniline as two bioactive compounds in different solvent media: A comparative study. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Fadda AA, Ghanem RA, Gaffer HE, Waly MM, Tawfik EH. Synthesis, Antimicrobial Evaluation, and Molecular Docking of New Azole, Azine, Thiazole, and Chromene Derivatives. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2069135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A. Fadda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Reham A. Ghanem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University, Gamsaa, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed M. Waly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eman H. Tawfik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Taibah University, Ulla, Saudi Arabia
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Cheng E, Zeng Y, Huang Y, Su T, Yang Y, Peng L, Li J. A LSER-based model to predict the solubilizing effect of drugs by inclusion with cucurbit[7]uril. RSC Adv 2020; 10:24542-24548. [PMID: 35516210 PMCID: PMC9055158 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03394d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of traditional drugs and the development of new drugs often encounter the problem of poor water solubility. Cucurbit[7]uril, a novel macrocyclic host, has attracted great interest in this field. Investigating the solubilizing effect of drugs by inclusion with cucurbit[7]uril could provide guidance for drug solubilization. In this work, the interactions of drugs with cucurbit[7]uril, drugs with water and the inclusion complexes with water, and the properties of drugs and inclusion complexes, are considered to establish a linear solvation energy relationships (LSER)-based model. This model could be applied to predicting the solubility of drugs with cucurbit[7]uril in water. Density functional theory (DFT) is employed to obtain the properties and interaction parameters. The multi-parameter solubility model obtained by stepwise regression shows good fitting and predicting results. And the surface area of inclusion complexes (A 3), the LUMO energy of inclusion complexes (E 3LUMO), the polarity index of inclusion complexes (I 3), the electronegativity of drugs (χ 1), and the oil-water partition coefficient of drugs (log p 1w) are effective parameters related to the solubilization of drugs with cucurbit[7]uril. Futhermore, the model could be extended to calculate the solubilizing effect of other macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enping Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China +86-592-2183055
| | - Yangyan Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China +86-592-2183055
| | - Yan Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China +86-592-2183055
| | - Tiezhu Su
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China +86-592-2183055
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China +86-592-2183055
| | - Li Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China +86-592-2183055
| | - Jun Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China +86-592-2183055
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Xiamen 361005 China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols, Ethers and Esters Xiamen 361005 China
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Moussa YE, Venkataramanan NS, Wheate NJ. Demonstration of the first known 1:2 host-guest encapsulation of a platinum anticancer complex within a macrocycle. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-019-00960-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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