1
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Krischer F, Swamy VSVSN, Feichtner KS, Ward RJ, Gessner VH. The Cyanoketenyl Anion [NC 3O] . Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403766. [PMID: 38470943 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Cumulenes and heterocumulenes with three or more cumulative multiple bonds are usually reactive species that serve as valuable building blocks for more complex molecules but tend to isomerize or cyclize and therefore are difficult to isolate. Using a mild ligand exchange reaction at the carbon in α-metalated ylides, we have now succeeded in the synthesis and gram-scale isolation of the elusive cyanoketenyl anion [NC3O]-. Despite its assumed cumulene-like structure and the delocalization of the negative charge across the whole 5-atom molecule, it features a bent geometry with a nucleophilic central carbon atom. Computational studies reveal an ambiguous bonding situation in the anion, which can be illustrated only by a combination of different resonance structures. Nonetheless, the anion features remarkable stability, thus allowing the storage of its potassium-crown ether salt and its application as a highly functional synthetic building block. The cyanoketenyl anion readily reacts with a series of small molecules to form more complex organic compounds, including industrially valuable compounds such as cyanoacetate. This work demonstrated that reactive species can be generated by novel synthesis methods and open up atom-economic pathways to complex compounds from small abundant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Krischer
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Varre S V S N Swamy
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kai-Stephan Feichtner
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Robert J Ward
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Viktoria H Gessner
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
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2
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Jiang Z, Huang H, Lu C, Zhou L, Pan S, Qiang J, Shi M, Ye Z, Lu P, Ni H, Zhang W, Wu J. Ultrafast photoinduced C-H bond formation from two small inorganic molecules. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2854. [PMID: 38565554 PMCID: PMC10987588 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The formation of carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds via the reaction of small inorganic molecules is of great significance for understanding the fundamental transition from inorganic to organic matter, and thus the origin of life. Yet, the detailed mechanism of the C-H bond formation, particularly the time scale and molecular-level control of the dynamics, remain elusive. Here, we investigate the light-induced bimolecular reaction starting from a van der Waals molecular dimer composed of two small inorganic molecules, H2 and CO. Employing reaction microscopy driven by a tailored two-color light field, we identify the pathways leading to C-H photobonding thereby producing HCO+ ions, and achieve coherent control over the reaction dynamics. Using a femtosecond pump-probe scheme, we capture the ultrafast formation time, i.e., 198 ± 16 femtoseconds. The real-time visualization and coherent control of the dynamics contribute to a deeper understanding of the most fundamental bimolecular reactions responsible for C-H bond formation, thus contributing to elucidate the emergence of organic components in the universe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhejun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Chenxu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Lianrong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Shengzhe Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Junjie Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Menghang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhengjun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Peifen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hongcheng Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China.
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing, 401121, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai, 201800, China.
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3
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Krohn OA, Lewandowski HJ. Cold Ion-Molecule Reactions in the Extreme Environment of a Coulomb Crystal. J Phys Chem A 2024. [PMID: 38359783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Coulomb crystals provide a unique environment in which to study ion-neutral gas-phase reactions. In these cold, trapped ensembles, we are able to study the kinetics and dynamics of small molecular systems. These measurements have connections to chemistry in the Interstellar Medium (ISM) and planetary atmospheres. This Feature Article will describe recent work in our laboratory that uses Coulomb crystals to study translationally cold, ion-neutral reactions. We provide a description of how the various affordances of our experimental system allow for detailed studies of the reaction mechanisms and the corresponding products. In particular, we will describe quantum-state resolved reactions, isomer-dependent reactions, and reactions with a rarely studied, astrophysically relevant ion, CCl+.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Krohn
- JILA and the Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - H J Lewandowski
- JILA and the Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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4
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Perspectives of Gas Phase Ion Chemistry: Spectroscopy and Modeling. CONDENSED MATTER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/condmat7030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The study of ions in the gas phase has a long history and has involved both chemists and physicists. The interplay of their competences with the use of very sophisticated commercial and/or homemade instrumentations and theoretical models has improved the knowledge of thermodynamics and kinetics of many chemical reactions, even if still many stages of these processes need to be fully understood. The new technologies and the novel free-electron laser facilities based on plasma acceleration open new opportunities to investigate the chemical reactions in some unrevealed fundamental aspects. The synchrotron light source can be put beside the FELs, and by mass spectrometric techniques and spectroscopies coupled with versatile ion sources it is possible to really change the state of the art of the ion chemistry in different areas such as atmospheric and astro chemistry, plasma chemistry, biophysics, and interstellar medium (ISM). In this manuscript we review the works performed by a joint combination of the experimental studies of ion–molecule reactions with synchrotron radiation and theoretical models adapted and developed to the experimental evidence. The review concludes with the perspectives of ion–molecule reactions by using FEL instrumentations as well as pump probe measurements and the initial attempt in the development of more realistic theoretical models for the prospective improvement of our predictive capability.
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5
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Poline M, Dochain A, Rosén S, Grumer J, Ji M, Eklund G, Simonsson A, Reinhed P, Blom M, Shuman NS, Ard SG, Viggiano AA, Larsson M, Cederquist H, Schmidt HT, Zettergren H, Urbain X, Barklem PS, Thomas RD. Mutual neutralisation of O + with O -: investigation of the role of metastable ions in a combined experimental and theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:24607-24616. [PMID: 34726204 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03977f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mutual neutralisation of O+ with O- has been studied in a double ion-beam storage ring with combined merged-beams, imaging and timing techniques. Branching ratios were measured at the collision energies of 55, 75 and 170 (± 15) meV, and found to be in good agreement with previous single-pass merged-beams experimental results at 7 meV collision energy. Several previously unidentified spectral features were found to correspond to mutual neutralisation channels of the first metastable state of the cation (O+(2Do), τ ≈ 3.6 hours), while no contributions from the second metastable state (O+(2Po), τ ≈ 5 seconds) were observed. Theoretical calculations were performed using the multi-channel Landau-Zener model combined with the anion centered asymptotic method, and gave good agreement with several experimentally observed channels, but could not describe well observed contributions from the O+(2Do) metastable state as well as channels involving the O(3s 5So) state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Poline
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Arnaud Dochain
- Institute of condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Stefan Rosén
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jon Grumer
- Theoretical Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - MingChao Ji
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Gustav Eklund
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ansgar Simonsson
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Peter Reinhed
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mikael Blom
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Nicholas S Shuman
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, NM 87117, USA
| | - Shaun G Ard
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, NM 87117, USA
| | - Albert A Viggiano
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, NM 87117, USA
| | - Mats Larsson
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Henrik Cederquist
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Henning T Schmidt
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Henning Zettergren
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Xavier Urbain
- Institute of condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Paul S Barklem
- Theoretical Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Richard D Thomas
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, Stockholm, Sweden.
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6
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Couto RC, Hua W, Lindblad R, Kjellsson L, Sorensen SL, Kubin M, Bülow C, Timm M, Zamudio-Bayer V, von Issendorff B, Söderström J, Lau JT, Rubensson JE, Ågren H, Carravetta V. Breaking inversion symmetry by protonation: experimental and theoretical NEXAFS study of the diazynium ion, N 2H . Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:17166-17176. [PMID: 34346432 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02002a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
As an example of symmetry breaking in NEXAFS spectra of protonated species we present a high resolution NEXAFS spectrum of protonated dinitrogen, the diazynium ion N2H+. By ab initio calculations we show that the spectrum consists of a superposition of two nitrogen 1s absorption spectra, each including a π* band, and a nitrogen 1s to H+ charge transfer band followed by a weak irregular progression of high energy excitations. Calculations also show that, as an effect of symmetry breaking by protonation, the π* transitions are separated by 0.23 eV, only slightly exceeding the difference in the corresponding dark (symmetry forbidden) and bright (symmetry allowed) core excitations of neutral N2. By DFT and calculations and vibrational analysis, the complex π* excitation band of N2H+ is understood as due to the superposition of the significantly different vibrational progressions of excitations from terminal and central nitrogen atoms, both leading to bent final state geometries. We also show computationally that the electronic structure of the charge transfer excitation smoothly depends on the nitrogen-proton distance and that there is a clear extension of the spectra going from infinity to close nitrogen-proton distance where fine structures show some, although not fully detailed, similarities. An interesting feature of partial localization of the nitrogen core orbitals, with a strong, non-monotonous, variation with nitrogen-proton distance could be highlighted. Specific effects could be unraveled when comparing molecular cation NEXAFS spectra, as represented by recently recorded spectra of N2+ and CO+, and spectra of protonated molecules as represented here by the N2H+ ion. Both types containing rich physical effects not represented in NEXAFS of neutral molecules because of the positive charge, whereas protonation also breaks the symmetry. The effect of the protonation on dinitrogen can be separated in charge, which extends the high-energy part of the spectrum, and symmetry-breaking, which is most clearly seen in the low-energy π* transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael C Couto
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
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7
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Wei L, Lam CS, Zhang Y, Ren B, Han J, Wang B, Zou Y, Chen L, Lau KC, Wei B. Isomerization Dynamics in the Symmetric and Asymmetric Fragmentation of Ethane Dications. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:5789-5795. [PMID: 34137607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen- or proton-migration-induced isomerization has recently been of concern for its critical role in the dissociation of organic molecules of astrophysical or biological relevance. Herein we present a combined experimental and theoretical study of the two-body C-C bond breakdown dissociation of ethane dication. For the asymmetric fragmentation channel CH2+ + CH4+, the kinetic energy release measurements and ab initio quantum chemical calculations demonstrate that the reaction pathway involving hydrogen-migration-induced isomerization of [CH3-CH3]2+ to [CH2-CH4]2+ can be accessed via the lowest triplet state rather than the ground singlet state of ethane dication. Interestingly, it is found that a considerable proportion of the yield of symmetric fragmentation CH3+ + CH3+, which is usually considered from a direct Coulomb explosion and seemingly independent of isomerization, could come from the dissociation of ethane dication in the ground singlet state with the involvement of [CH3-CH3]2+ isomerization to intermediate [H2C(H2)CH2]2+ of the diborane-like double-bridged structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wei
- Institute of Modern Physics, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-Beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chow-Shing Lam
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Data Science, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Baihui Ren
- Institute of Modern Physics, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-Beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jie Han
- Institute of Modern Physics, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-Beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-Beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yaming Zou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-Beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Modern Physics, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-Beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kai-Chung Lau
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baoren Wei
- Institute of Modern Physics, Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-Beam Application (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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8
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McDonald DC, Rittgers BM, Theis RA, Fortenberry RC, Marks JH, Leicht D, Duncan MA. Infrared spectroscopy and anharmonic theory of H 3 +Ar 2,3 complexes: The role of symmetry in solvation. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:134305. [PMID: 33032436 DOI: 10.1063/5.0023205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The vibrational spectra of H3 +Ar2,3 and D3 +Ar2,3 are investigated in the 2000 cm-1 to 4500 cm-1 region through a combination of mass-selected infrared laser photodissociation spectroscopy and computational work including the effects of anharmonicity. In the reduced symmetry of the di-argon complex, vibrational activity is detected in the regions of both the symmetric and antisymmetric hydrogen stretching modes of H3 +. The tri-argon complex restores the D3h symmetry of the H3 + ion, with a concomitant reduction in the vibrational activity that is limited to the region of the antisymmetric stretch. Throughout these spectra, additional bands are detected beyond those predicted with harmonic vibrational theory. Anharmonic theory is able to reproduce some of the additional bands, with varying degrees of success.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - B M Rittgers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - R A Theis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia 30460, USA
| | - R C Fortenberry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
| | - J H Marks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - D Leicht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - M A Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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9
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Leicht D, Rittgers BM, Douberly GE, Wagner JP, McDonald DC, Mauney DT, Tsuge M, Lee YP, Duncan MA. Infrared spectroscopy of H+(CO)2 in the gas phase and in para-hydrogen matrices. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:084305. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0019731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Leicht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | | | - Gary E. Douberly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - J. Philipp Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - David C. McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Daniel T. Mauney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Masashi Tsuge
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Yuan-Pern Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Michael A. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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10
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de Souza GLC, Peterson KA. Probing the ionization potentials of the formaldehyde dimer. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:194305. [PMID: 33687222 DOI: 10.1063/5.0009658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we present a computational investigation on the ionization potentials (IPs) of the formaldehyde dimer, (H2CO)2. Twelve lowest lying IPs (corresponding to the entire valence orbitals) for both C2h and Cs symmetry conformers have been computed at the coupled cluster level of theory using large correlation consistent basis sets with extrapolation to the complete basis set limit and consideration of core electron correlation effects. Specifically, the equation-of-motion ionization potential coupled-cluster with single and double (EOMIP-CCSD) excitations method with the aug-cc-pVXZ and aug-cc-pCVXZ (X = T, Q, and 5) basis sets combined with the Feller-Peterson-Dixon approach was employed, as well as CCSD with perturbative triples [CCSD(T)] with the aug-cc-pVTZ basis sets. In general, excellent agreement was observed from the comparison between the results obtained through the use of these approaches. In addition, the IPs for the formaldehyde monomer were also obtained using such methodologies and the results compared with existing experimental data; excellent agreement was also observed in this case. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first of its kind to determine the IPs for all these systems using a high level theory approach and is presented to motivate experimental investigations, e.g., studies involving photoionization, particularly for the formaldehyde dimer. The equilibrium binding energy of the C2h dimer is calculated in this work at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory to be -4.71 kcal/mol. At this same level of theory, the equilibrium isomerization energy between C2h and Cs conformers is 0.76 kcal/mol (Cs conformer being more stable).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel L C de Souza
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Kirk A Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
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11
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Bodo E, Bovolenta G, Simha C, Spezia R. On the formation of propylene oxide from propylene in space: gas-phase reactions. Theor Chem Acc 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-019-2485-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Wagner JP, Giles SM, Duncan MA. Gas phase infrared spectroscopy of the H2C NH2+ methaniminium cation. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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The formation of urea in space. II. MP2 versus PM6 dynamics in determining bimolecular reaction products. Theor Chem Acc 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-018-2385-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Lindén CF, Žabka J, Polášek M, Zymak I, Geppert WD. The reaction of C 5N - with acetylene as a possible intermediate step to produce large anions in Titan's ionosphere. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:5377-5388. [PMID: 29044258 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06302d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical and experimental investigation of the reaction C5N- + C2H2 has been carried out. This reaction is of astrophysical interest since the growth mechanism of large anions that have been detected in Titan's upper atmosphere by the Cassini plasma spectrometer are still largely unknown. The experimental studies have been performed using a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer which allows identification of the different reaction channels and assessment of their reaction thresholds. Results of these investigations were compared with the predictions of ab initio calculations, which identified possible pathways leading to the observed products and their thermodynamical properties. These computations yielded that the majority of these products are only accessible via energy barriers situated more than 1 eV above the reactant energies. In many cases, the thresholds predicted by the ab initio calculations are in good agreement with the experimentally observed ones. For example, the chain elongation reaction leading to C7N-, although being slightly exoergic, possesses an energy barrier of 1.91 eV. Therefore, the title reaction can be regarded to be somewhat unlikely to be responsible for the formation of large anions in cold environments such as interstellar medium or planetary ionospheres.
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15
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Jeanvoine Y, Largo A, Hase WL, Spezia R. Gas Phase Synthesis of Protonated Glycine by Chemical Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:869-877. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b11622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Jeanvoine
- LAMBE,
Univ Evry, CNRS, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91025 Evry, France
| | - Antonio Largo
- Computational
Chemistry Group, Departamento de Quimica Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain
| | - William L. Hase
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Riccardo Spezia
- LAMBE,
Univ Evry, CNRS, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91025 Evry, France
- Laboratoire
de Chimie Théorique, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR-CNRS 7616, 75252 Paris, France
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16
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Wagner JP, McDonald DC, Duncan MA. Infrared Spectroscopy of the Astrochemically Relevant Protonated Formaldehyde Dimer. J Phys Chem A 2017; 122:192-198. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b10573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Philipp Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - David C. McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Michael A. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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17
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Cernuto A, Lopes A, Romanzin C, Cunha de Miranda B, Ascenzi D, Tosi P, Tonachini G, Maranzana A, Polášek M, Žabka J, Alcaraz C. Effects of collision energy and vibrational excitation of CH 3+ cations on its reactivity with hydrocarbons: But-2-yne CH 3CCCH 3 as reagent partner. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:154302. [PMID: 29055295 DOI: 10.1063/1.4990514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The methyl carbocation is ubiquitous in gaseous environments, such as planetary ionospheres, cometary comae, and the interstellar medium, as well as combustion systems and plasma setups for technological applications. Here we report on a joint experimental and theoretical study on the mechanism of the reaction CH3+ + CH3CCCH3 (but-2-yne, also known as dimethylacetylene), by combining guided ion beam mass spectrometry experiments with ab initio calculations of the potential energy hypersurface. Such a reaction is relevant in understanding the chemical evolution of Saturn's largest satellite, Titan. Two complementary setups have been used: in one case, methyl cations are generated via electron ionization, while in the other case, direct vacuum ultraviolet photoionization with synchrotron radiation of methyl radicals is used to study internal energy effects on the reactivity. Absolute reactive cross sections have been measured as a function of collision energy, and product branching ratios have been derived. The two most abundant products result from electron and hydride transfer, occurring via direct and barrierless mechanisms, while other channels are initiated by the electrophilic addition of the methyl cation to the triple bond of but-2-yne. Among the minor channels, special relevance is placed on the formation of C5H7+, stemming from H2 loss from the addition complex. This is the only observed condensation product with the formation of new C-C bonds, and it might represent a viable pathway for the synthesis of complex organic species in astronomical environments and laboratory plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cernuto
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, Trento I-38123, Italy
| | - Allan Lopes
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Bât. 350, UMR 8000, CNRS-Univ. Paris-Sud 11 and Paris Saclay, Centre Universitaire Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Claire Romanzin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Bât. 350, UMR 8000, CNRS-Univ. Paris-Sud 11 and Paris Saclay, Centre Universitaire Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | | | - Daniela Ascenzi
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, Trento I-38123, Italy
| | - Paolo Tosi
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, Trento I-38123, Italy
| | - Glauco Tonachini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria, 7, Torino I-10125, Italy
| | - Andrea Maranzana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria, 7, Torino I-10125, Italy
| | - Miroslav Polášek
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Žabka
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Christian Alcaraz
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Bât. 350, UMR 8000, CNRS-Univ. Paris-Sud 11 and Paris Saclay, Centre Universitaire Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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18
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Kobayashi K, Geppert WD, Carrasco N, Holm NG, Mousis O, Palumbo ME, Waite JH, Watanabe N, Ziurys LM. Laboratory Studies of Methane and Its Relationship to Prebiotic Chemistry. ASTROBIOLOGY 2017; 17:786-812. [PMID: 28727932 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2016.1492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To examine how prebiotic chemical evolution took place on Earth prior to the emergence of life, laboratory experiments have been conducted since the 1950s. Methane has been one of the key molecules in these investigations. In earlier studies, strongly reducing gas mixtures containing methane and ammonia were used to simulate possible reactions in the primitive atmosphere of Earth, producing amino acids and other organic compounds. Since Earth's early atmosphere is now considered to be less reducing, the contribution of extraterrestrial organics to chemical evolution has taken on an important role. Such organic molecules may have come from molecular clouds and regions of star formation that created protoplanetary disks, planets, asteroids, and comets. The interstellar origin of organics has been examined both experimentally and theoretically, including laboratory investigations that simulate interstellar molecular reactions. Endogenous and exogenous organics could also have been supplied to the primitive ocean, making submarine hydrothermal systems plausible sites of the generation of life. Experiments that simulate such hydrothermal systems where methane played an important role have consequently been conducted. Processes that occur in other Solar System bodies offer clues to the prebiotic chemistry of Earth. Titan and other icy bodies, where methane plays significant roles, are especially good targets. In the case of Titan, methane is both in the atmosphere and in liquidospheres that are composed of methane and other hydrocarbons, and these have been studied in simulation experiments. Here, we review the wide range of experimental work in which these various terrestrial and extraterrestrial environments have been modeled, and we examine the possible role of methane in chemical evolution. Key Words: Methane-Interstellar environments-Submarine hydrothermal systems-Titan-Origin of life. Astrobiology 17, 786-812.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensei Kobayashi
- 1 Department of Chemistry, Yokohama National University , Yokohama, Japan
| | - Wolf D Geppert
- 2 Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nathalie Carrasco
- 3 LATMOS, Université Versailles St-Quentin , UPMC, CNRS, Guyancourt, France
| | - Nils G Holm
- 2 Department of Geological Sciences, Stockholm University , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olivier Mousis
- 4 Aix Marseille Université , CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, Marseille, France
| | | | - J Hunter Waite
- 6 Southwest Research Institute , San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Naoki Watanabe
- 7 Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University , Sapporo, Japan
| | - Lucy M Ziurys
- 8 Department of Astronomy, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Steward Observatory, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona, USA
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19
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Cartoni A, Catone D, Bolognesi P, Satta M, Markus P, Avaldi L. HSO2
+
Formation from Ion-Molecule Reactions of SO2
⋅+
with Water and Methane: Two Fast Reactions with Reverse Temperature-Dependent Kinetic Trend. Chemistry 2017; 23:6772-6780. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Cartoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Sapienza Università di Roma; Pl.e Aldo Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1; via Salaria Km 29,300 Monterotondo Scalo (RM) 00016 Italy
| | - Daniele Catone
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma 2; via del Fosso del Cavaliere 10 00133 Roma Italy
| | - Paola Bolognesi
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1; via Salaria Km 29,300 Monterotondo Scalo (RM) 00016 Italy
| | - Mauro Satta
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN); Dipartimento di Chimica; Sapienza Università di Roma; P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Pal Markus
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1; via Salaria Km 29,300 Monterotondo Scalo (RM) 00016 Italy
| | - Lorenzo Avaldi
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia (ISM); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Area della Ricerca di Roma 1; via Salaria Km 29,300 Monterotondo Scalo (RM) 00016 Italy
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20
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Xu Y, Xiong B, Chang YC, Ng CY. Isotopic and quantum-rovibrational-state effects for the ion-molecule reaction in the collision energy range of 0.03-10.00 eV. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:8694-8705. [PMID: 28295117 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00295e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report detailed quantum-rovibrational-state-selected integral cross sections for the formation of H3O+via H-transfer (σHT) and H2DO+via D-transfer (σDT) from the reaction in the center-of-mass collision energy (Ecm) range of 0.03-10.00 eV, where (vvv) = (000), (100), and (020) and . The Ecm inhibition and rotational enhancement observed for these reactions at Ecm < 0.5 eV are generally consistent with those reported previously for H2O+ + H2(D2) reactions. However, in contrast to the vibrational inhibition observed for the latter reactions at low Ecm < 0.5 eV, both the σHT and σDT for the H2O+ + HD reaction are found to be enhanced by (100) vibrational excitation, which is not predicted by the current state-of-the-art theoretical dynamics calculations. Furthermore, the (100) vibrational enhancement for the H2O+ + HD reaction is observed in the full Ecm range of 0.03-10.00 eV. The fact that vibrational enhancement is only observed for the reaction of H2O+ + HD, and not for H2O+ + H2(D2) reactions suggests that the asymmetry of HD may play a role in the reaction dynamics. In addition to the strong isotopic effect favoring the σHT channel of the H2O+ + HD reaction at low Ecm < 0.5 eV, competition between the σHT and σDT of the H2O+ + HD reaction is also observed at Ecm = 0.3-10.0 eV. The present state-selected study of the H2O+ + HD reaction, along with the previous studies of the H2O+ + H2(D2) reactions, clearly shows that the chemical reactivity of H2O+ toward H2 (HD, D2) depends not only on Ecm, but also on the rotational and vibrational states of H2O+(X2B1). The detailed σHT and σDT values obtained here with single rovibrational-state selections of the reactant H2O+ are expected to be valuable benchmarks for state-of-the-art theoretical calculations on the chemical dynamics of the title reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Bo Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Yih Chung Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - C Y Ng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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21
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine Walsh
- Leiden
Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
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22
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Carrascosa E, Meyer J, Wester R. Imaging the dynamics of ion–molecule reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:7498-7516. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00623c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A range of ion–molecule reactions have been studied in the last years using the crossed-beam ion imaging technique, from charge transfer and proton transfer to nucleophilic substitution and elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Carrascosa
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik
- Universität Innsbruck
- 6020 Innsbruck
- Austria
| | - Jennifer Meyer
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik
- Universität Innsbruck
- 6020 Innsbruck
- Austria
| | - Roland Wester
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik
- Universität Innsbruck
- 6020 Innsbruck
- Austria
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23
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Olah GA, Mathew T, Prakash GKS. Chemical Formation of Methanol and Hydrocarbon (“Organic”) Derivatives from CO2 and H2—Carbon Sources for Subsequent Biological Cell Evolution and Life’s Origin. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 139:566-570. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George A. Olah
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research
Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Thomas Mathew
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research
Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - G. K. Surya Prakash
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research
Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
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24
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Lindén F, Alcaraz C, Ascenzi D, Guillemin JC, Koch L, Lopes A, Polášek M, Romanzin C, Žabka J, Zymak I, Geppert WD. Is the Reaction of C3N(-) with C2H2 a Possible Process for Chain Elongation in Titan's Ionosphere? J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:5337-47. [PMID: 27135984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b01746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of C3N(-) with acetylene was studied using three different experimental setups, a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (Trento), a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer (Prague), and the "CERISES" guided ion beam apparatus at Orsay. The process is of astrophysical interest because it can function as a chain elongation mechanism to produce larger anions that have been detected in Titan's ionosphere by the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer. Three major products of primary processes, C2H(-), CN(-), and C5N(-), have been identified, whereby the production of the cyanide anion is probably partly due to collisional induced dissociation. The formations of all these products show considerable reaction thresholds and also display comparatively small cross sections. Also, no strong signals of anionic products for collision energies lower than 1 eV have been observed. Ab initio calculations have been performed to identify possible pathways leading to the observed products of the title reaction and to elucidate the thermodynamics of these processes. Although the productions of CN(-) and C5N(-) are exoergic, all reaction pathways have considerable barriers. Overall, the results of these computations are in agreement with the observed reaction thresholds. Due to the existence of considerable reaction energy barriers and the small observed cross sections, the title reaction is not very likely to play a major role in the buildup of large anions in cold environments like the interstellar medium or planetary and satellite ionospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Lindén
- Physics Department, Stockholm University , Roslagstullsbacken 21, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm University Astrobiology Centre, Stockholm University , Roslagstullsbacken 21, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christian Alcaraz
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000 CNRS - Université Paris Sud et Université Paris-Saclay , 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Daniela Ascenzi
- Department of Physics, University of Trento , 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Jean-Claude Guillemin
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes , CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes, France
| | - Leopold Koch
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Dolejškova 2155/3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Allan Lopes
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000 CNRS - Université Paris Sud et Université Paris-Saclay , 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Miroslav Polášek
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Dolejškova 2155/3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Claire Romanzin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000 CNRS - Université Paris Sud et Université Paris-Saclay , 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Jan Žabka
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Dolejškova 2155/3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Illia Zymak
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , Dolejškova 2155/3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Wolf D Geppert
- Physics Department, Stockholm University , Roslagstullsbacken 21, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.,Stockholm University Astrobiology Centre, Stockholm University , Roslagstullsbacken 21, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Talicska CN, Porambo MW, Perry AJ, McCall BJ. Mid-infrared concentration-modulated noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectroscopy of a continuous supersonic expansion discharge source. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:063111. [PMID: 27370430 DOI: 10.1063/1.4953652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Concentration-modulated noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectroscopy (NICE-OHMS) is implemented for the first time on a continuous gas-flow pinhole supersonic expansion discharge source for the study of cooled molecular ions. The instrument utilizes a continuous-wave optical parametric oscillator easily tunable from 2.5 to 3.9 μm and demonstrates a noise equivalent absorption of ∼1 × 10(-9) cm(-1). The effectiveness of concentration-modulated NICE-OHMS is tested through the acquisition of transitions in the ν1 fundamental band of HN2 (+) centered near 3234 cm(-1), with a signal-to-noise of ∼40 obtained for the strongest transitions. The technique is used to characterize the cooling abilities of the supersonic expansion discharge source itself, and a Boltzmann analysis determines a rotational temperature of ∼29 K for low rotational states of HN2 (+). Further improvements are discussed that will enable concentration-modulated NICE-OHMS to reach its full potential for the detection of molecular ions formed in supersonic expansion discharges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney N Talicska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Michael W Porambo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Adam J Perry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Benjamin J McCall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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26
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Olah GA, Mathew T, Prakash GKS. Relevance and Significance of Extraterrestrial Abiological Hydrocarbon Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:6905-11. [PMID: 27045758 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b03136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Astrophysical observations show similarity of observed abiological "organics"-i.e., hydrocarbons, their derivatives, and ions (carbocations and carbanions)-with studied terrestrial chemistry. Their formation pathways, their related extraterrestrial hydrocarbon chemistry originating from carbon and other elements after the Big Bang, their parent hydrocarbon and derivative (methane and methanol, respectively), and transportation of derived building blocks of life by meteorites or comets to planet Earth are discussed in this Perspective. Their subsequent evolution on Earth under favorable "Goldilocks" conditions led to more complex molecules and biological systems, and eventually to humans. The relevance and significance of extraterrestrial hydrocarbon chemistry to the limits of science in relation to the physical aspects of evolution on our planet Earth are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Olah
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Thomas Mathew
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - G K Surya Prakash
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
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27
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Olah GA, Mathew T, Prakash GKS, Rasul G. Chemical Aspects of Astrophysically Observed Extraterrestrial Methanol, Hydrocarbon Derivatives, and Ions. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:1717-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- George A. Olah
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research
Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Thomas Mathew
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research
Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - G. K. Surya Prakash
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research
Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Golam Rasul
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research
Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
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28
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Wang ZC, Cole CA, Demarais NJ, Snow TP, Bierbaum VM. Reactions of Azine Anions with Nitrogen and Oxygen Atoms: Implications for Titan’s Upper Atmosphere and Interstellar Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:10700-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Chen Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Callie A. Cole
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Nicholas J. Demarais
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Theodore P. Snow
- Department
of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Center
for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Veronica M. Bierbaum
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Center
for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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29
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Pettersson J, Andersson P, Hellberg F, Öjekull J, Thomas R, Larsson M. Dissociative recombination and excitation of D5+by collisions with low-energy electrons. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2014.1003985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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30
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Wiens JP, Shuman NS, Viggiano AA. Dissociative recombination and mutual neutralization of heavier molecular ions: C10H8(+), WF5(+), and C(n)F(m)(+). J Chem Phys 2015; 142:114304. [PMID: 25796246 DOI: 10.1063/1.4913829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissociative recombination (DR) rate coefficients for the naphthalene cation, C10H8(+), and WF5(+), and mutual neutralization (MN) rate coefficients for these species and five CnFm(+) ions, were determined at 300 K using variable electron and neutral density attachment mass spectrometry (VENDAMS). DR proceeds at 9 ± 3 × 10(-7) cm(3) s(-1) for C10H8(+) and at 6.1 ± 1.4 × 10(-7) cm(3) s(-1) for WF5(+). Consistent with previous results, MN for the polyatomic cations with the halide anions Cl(-), Br(-), and I(-) exhibits an approximate μ(-1/2) reduced mass dependence of the reactant partners, demonstrating that ion collision velocities influence the rate coefficients. This work is an extension of VENDAMS to systems, where low reactant concentrations are necessary to avoid significant reaction of product ions with the neutral precursor, i.e., conditions not suitable for traditional flowing afterglow measurements, as well as to ions of masses > ∼ 100 Da, which are not amenable to the study of DR in magnetic storage rings. Our results expand the sparse literature on DR and MN of heavier ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin P Wiens
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, New Mexico 87117, USA
| | - Nicholas S Shuman
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, New Mexico 87117, USA
| | - Albert A Viggiano
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland AFB, New Mexico 87117, USA
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31
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Acharyya K, Herbst E, Caravan R, Shannon R, Blitz M, Heard D. The importance of OH radical–neutral low temperature tunnelling reactions in interstellar clouds using a new model. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1021729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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32
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van Dishoeck EF. Astrochemistry of dust, ice and gas: introduction and overview. Faraday Discuss 2014; 168:9-47. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00140k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A brief introduction and overview of the astrochemistry of dust, ice and gas and their interplay is presented. The importance of basic chemical physics studies of critical reactions is illustrated through a number of recent examples. Such studies have also triggered new insight into chemistry, illustrating how astronomy and chemistry can enhance each other. Much of the chemistry in star- and planet-forming regions is now thought to be driven by gas–grain chemistry rather than pure gas-phase chemistry, and a critical discussion of the state of such models is given. Recent developments in studies of diffuse clouds and PDRs, cold dense clouds, hot cores, protoplanetary disks and exoplanetary atmospheres are summarized, both for simple and more complex molecules, with links to papers presented in this volume. In spite of many lingering uncertainties, the future of astrochemistry is bright: new observational facilities promise major advances in our understanding of the journey of gas, ice and dust from clouds to planets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewine F. van Dishoeck
- Leiden Observatory
- Leiden University
- 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands
- Max-Planck-Institute für Extraterrestrische Physik
- Garching, Germany
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