1
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Tang G, Liu X, Wang S, Hu T, Feng C, Zhu C, Zhu B, Hong J. Designing antiperovskite derivatives via atomic-position splitting for photovoltaic applications. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 39139143 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00526k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Due to the success of halide perovskites in the photovoltaic field, halide perovskite-derived semiconductors have also been widely studied for optoelectronic applications. However, the photovoltaic performance of these perovskite derivatives still lags significantly behind their perovskite counterparts, mainly due to deficiencies at the B-site or X-site of the derivatives, which disrupt the connectivity of the key [BX6] octahedra units. Herein, we developed a class of antiperovskite-derived materials with the formula , achieved by splitting the A anion, originally at the corner site of the cubic antiperovskite structure, into three edge-centered sites. This structural transformation maintains the three-dimensional octahedral framework. The thermodynamic stability, dynamical stability, and band gaps of 80 compounds were calculated using first-principles calculations. Based on criteria including stability and electronic properties, we identified 9 promising antiperovskite derivatives for further evaluation of their photovoltaic performance. Notably, the calculated theoretical maximum efficiencies of Ba3BiI3, Ba3SbI3, and Ba3BiBr3 all exceed 24.5%, which is comparable to that of CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells. Interpretable machine learning analysis was further carried out to identify critical physical descriptors influencing thermodynamic stability and band gap. Our work provides a novel approach for designing high performance perovskite-type structure-inspired semiconductors with potential for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Tang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT) Zhuhai, 519088, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohan Liu
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Shihao Wang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Tao Hu
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Chunbao Feng
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Bonan Zhu
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jiawang Hong
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT) Zhuhai, 519088, P. R. China
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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2
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Thomsen SR, Goesten MG. Symmetry-Shaped Singularities in High-Temperature Superconductor H 3S. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:18298-18305. [PMID: 38916582 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The superconducting critical temperature of H3S ranks among the highest measured, at 203 K. This impressive value stems from a singularity in the electronic density-of-states, induced by a flat-band region that consists of saddle points. The peak sits right at the Fermi level, so that it gives rise to a giant electron-phonon coupling constant. In this work, we show how atomic orbital interactions and space group symmetry work in concert to shape the singularity. The body-centered cubic Brillouin Zone offers a unique 2D hypersurface in reciprocal space: fully connecting squares with two different high-symmetry points at the corners, Γ and H, and a third one in the center, N. Orbital mixing leads to the collapse of fully connected 1D saddle point lines around the square centers, due to a symmetry-enforced s-p energy inversion between Γ and H. The saddle-point states are invariably nonbonding, which explains the unconventionally weak response of the superconductor's critical temperature to pressure. Although H3S appears to be a unique case, the theory shows how it is possible to engineer flat bands and singularities in 3D lattices through symmetry considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian R Thomsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maarten G Goesten
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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3
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Caicedo-Dávila S, Cohen A, Motti SG, Isobe M, McCall KM, Grumet M, Kovalenko MV, Yaffe O, Herz LM, Fabini DH, Egger DA. Disentangling the effects of structure and lone-pair electrons in the lattice dynamics of halide perovskites. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4184. [PMID: 38760360 PMCID: PMC11101661 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Halide perovskites show great optoelectronic performance, but their favorable properties are paired with unusually strong anharmonicity. It was proposed that this combination derives from the ns2 electron configuration of octahedral cations and associated pseudo-Jahn-Teller effect. We show that such cations are not a prerequisite for the strong anharmonicity and low-energy lattice dynamics encountered in these materials. We combine X-ray diffraction, infrared and Raman spectroscopies, and molecular dynamics to contrast the lattice dynamics of CsSrBr3 with those of CsPbBr3, two compounds that are structurally similar but with the former lacking ns2 cations with the propensity to form electron lone pairs. We exploit low-frequency diffusive Raman scattering, nominally symmetry-forbidden in the cubic phase, as a fingerprint of anharmonicity and reveal that low-frequency tilting occurs irrespective of octahedral cation electron configuration. This highlights the role of structure in perovskite lattice dynamics, providing design rules for the emerging class of soft perovskite semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Caicedo-Dávila
- Physics Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Adi Cohen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Silvia G Motti
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Masahiko Isobe
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kyle M McCall
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, EMPA - Swiss National Laboratories for Materials and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Manuel Grumet
- Physics Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, EMPA - Swiss National Laboratories for Materials and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Omer Yaffe
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Laura M Herz
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Douglas H Fabini
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - David A Egger
- Physics Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
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4
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Yang W, Zhang J, Xiong H, Lan J, Yuan S, Zhan M, Tan Z, Li W, Fan J. Emerging lead-free all inorganic perovskite single crystals K 7Bi 3X 16 (X = Cl, Br) toward photodetector application. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:6609-6617. [PMID: 38516917 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03872f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Lead-free inorganic perovskites have attracted intensive attention in the field of photodetectors owing to their high stability, non-toxicity, and remarkable photoelectric characteristics. Herein, we designed and developed a series of thus-far unreported lead-free all inorganic perovskite single crystals, K7Bi3X16 (X = Cl, Br). In particular, we resorted to cooling crystallization and intercalated K+ to inorganic Bi-Br and Bi-Cl frameworks as inorganic A-site cations, obtaining zero-dimensional (0D) K7Bi3X16 (X = Cl, Br) perovskite single crystals, which display suitable bandgaps, excellent electron mobility and low trap-state density, as analysed by experimental characterization and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Accordingly, the vertical structure K7Bi3Br16 photodetector can achieve a fast ON/OFF switch under the irradiation of 395 nm light. When the light intensity is 5 mW cm-2 and the voltage is 3 V, the responsivity is calculated to be 0.052 mA W-1. The above characteristics make K7Bi3Br16 a promising material for fabricating ultraviolet photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Yang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jingshen Zhang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- Department of Electronic Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jing Lan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Songyang Yuan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Mengdi Zhan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ziyu Tan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Key Laboratory of New Semiconductors and Devices of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
| | - Jiandong Fan
- Institute of New Energy Technology, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Key Laboratory of New Semiconductors and Devices of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China.
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5
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Zhang B, Lei G, You S, Zhao W, Liu H. DFT Investigation of Structural Stability, Optical Properties, and PCE for All-Inorganic Cs x(Pb/Sn) yX z Halide Perovskites. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:3303-3316. [PMID: 38329057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Employing all-inorganic perovskites as light harvesters has recently drawn increasing attention owing to the strong-bonded inorganic components in the crystal. To achieve the systematic and comprehensive understanding for the structures and properties of Csx(Pb/Sn)yXz (X = F, Cl, Br, I) perovskites, this work provides the comparison details about crystal structures, optical properties, electronic structures and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18 perovskites. The suitable band gaps are detected in CsSnCl3-Pm3̅m (0.96 eV), γ-CsPbI3-Pnma (1.75 eV), and CsPbBr3-Pm3̅m (1.78 eV), facilitating the conversion from absorbing photon energy to generating hole-electron pairs. γ-CsPbI3-Pnma and CsSnI3-P4/mbm show superior visible-absorption performance depending on their higher absorption coefficient (α); meanwhile, strong peaks can be observed in the real part (Re) of photoconductivity of CsPbBr3-Pbnm, γ-CsPbI3-Pnma, and CsSnI3-P4/mbm in the visible-light range, implying their better photoelectric conversion abilities. The perovskite/tungsten disulfide (WS2) heterojunctions are constructed to calculate the PCE. Although just the PCE result (14.43%) of CsSnI3-Pnma/WS2 is reluctantly competitive, the predictions of PCEs indicate that the PCE of PSCs (perovskite solar cells) can be improved by not only regulating the perovskite to upgrade its own performance but also designing the PSC structure reasonably including the selection of appropriate ETL/HTL (electron/hole transport layer), etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, PR China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Building Green Functional Materials, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Guanghui Lei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, PR China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Building Green Functional Materials, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Shuyue You
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, PR China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Building Green Functional Materials, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, PR China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Building Green Functional Materials, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Hongli Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, PR China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Building Green Functional Materials, Tianjin 300384, PR China
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6
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Zhang W, Liu H, Yan F, Dong B, Wang HL. Recent Progress of Low-Toxicity Poor-Lead All-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300421. [PMID: 37350508 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved an impressive certified efficiency of 25.7%, which is comparatively higher than that of commercial silicon solar cells (23.3%), showing great potential toward commercialization. However, the low stability and high toxicity due to the presence of volatile organic components and toxic metal lead in the perovskites pose significant challenges. To obtain robust and low-toxicity PSCs, substituting organic cations with pure inorganic cations, and partially or fully replacing the toxic Pb with environmentally benign metals, is one of the promising methods. To date, continuous efforts have been made toward the construction of highly performed low-toxicity inorganic PSCs with astonishing breakthroughs. This review article provides an overview of recent progress in inorganic PSCs in terms of lead-reduced and lead-free compositions. The physical properties of poor-lead all-inorganic perovskites are discussed to unveil the major challenges in this field. Then, it reports notable achievements for the experimental studies to date to figure out feasible methods for efficient and stable poor-lead all-inorganic PSCs. Finally, a discussion of the challenges and prospects for poor-lead all-inorganic PSCs in the future is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihai Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Furi Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Baichuan Dong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hsing-Lin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Key University Laboratory of Highly Efficient Utilization of Solar Energy and Sustainable Development of Guangdong, Key Laboratory of Electric Driving Force Energy Materials of Guangdong, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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7
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Mishra K, Guyon D, San Martin J, Yan Y. Chiral Perovskite Nanocrystals for Asymmetric Reactions: A Highly Enantioselective Strategy for Photocatalytic Synthesis of N-C Axially Chiral Heterocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17242-17252. [PMID: 37499231 PMCID: PMC10926773 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic approaches to generate enantiospecific chiral centers are the major premise of modern organic chemistry. Heterogeneous catalysis is responsible for the vast majority of chemical transformations, yet the direct employment of chiral solid catalysts for asymmetric synthesis is mostly overlooked. Here, we demonstrated that a heterogeneous metal-halide perovskite nanocrystal (NC) catalyst is active for asymmetric organic synthesis under visible-light activation. Chiral 1-phenylethylamine (PEA)-hybridized perovskite PEA/CsPbBr3 NC photocatalysts exhibit an enantioselective (up to 99% enantiomer excess, ee) avenue to produce N-C axially chiral N-heterocycles, i.e., N-arylindoles from N-arylamine photo-oxidation. Mechanistic investigation indicated a discriminated prochiral binding of the N-arylamine substrates onto the chiral-NC surface with ca. -2.4 kcal/mol enantiodifferentiation. Our perovskite NC heterogeneous catalytic system not only demonstrates a promising strategy to address the long-term challenges in atroposelective pharmaceutical scaffold synthesis but also paves the road to directly employ chiral solids for asymmetric synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Mishra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Dylana Guyon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Jovan San Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Yong Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
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8
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Ahmed G, Liu Y, Bravić I, Ng X, Heckelmann I, Narayanan P, Fernández MS, Monserrat B, Congreve DN, Feldmann S. Luminescence Enhancement Due to Symmetry Breaking in Doped Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15862-15870. [PMID: 35977424 PMCID: PMC9437917 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metal-halide perovskite nanocrystals have demonstrated excellent optoelectronic properties for light-emitting applications. Isovalent doping with various metals (M2+) can be used to tailor and enhance their light emission. Although crucial to maximize performance, an understanding of the universal working mechanism for such doping is still missing. Here, we directly compare the optical properties of nanocrystals containing the most commonly employed dopants, fabricated under identical synthesis conditions. We show for the first time unambiguously, and supported by first-principles calculations and molecular orbital theory, that element-unspecific symmetry-breaking rather than element-specific electronic effects dominate these properties under device-relevant conditions. The impact of most dopants on the perovskite electronic structure is predominantly based on local lattice periodicity breaking and resulting charge carrier localization, leading to enhanced radiative recombination, while dopant-specific hybridization effects play a secondary role. Our results suggest specific guidelines for selecting a dopant to maximize the performance of perovskite emitters in the desired optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada
H. Ahmed
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yun Liu
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB30HE, U.K.
| | - Ivona Bravić
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB30HE, U.K.
| | - Xejay Ng
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB30HE, U.K.
| | - Ina Heckelmann
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB30HE, U.K.
| | - Pournima Narayanan
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Martin S. Fernández
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Bartomeu Monserrat
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB30HE, U.K.
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB30FS, U.K.
| | - Daniel N. Congreve
- Department
of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sascha Feldmann
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB30HE, U.K.
- Rowland
Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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9
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Matheu R, Ke F, Breidenbach A, Wolf NR, Lee Y, Liu Z, Leppert L, Lin Y, Karunadasa HI. Charge Reservoirs in an Expanded Halide Perovskite Analog: Enhancing High‐Pressure Conductivity through Redox‐Active Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202911. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roc Matheu
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Feng Ke
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
- Department of Geological Sciences Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Aaron Breidenbach
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
- Department of Physics Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Nathan R. Wolf
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Young Lee
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
- Department of Applied Physics Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Zhenxian Liu
- Department of Physics University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Linn Leppert
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology University of Twente 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Yu Lin
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
| | - Hemamala I. Karunadasa
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park CA 94025 USA
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10
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Lin Y, Avvacumova M, Zhao R, Chen X, Beard MC, Yan Y. Triplet Energy Transfer from Lead Halide Perovskite for Highly Selective Photocatalytic 2 + 2 Cycloaddition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:25357-25365. [PMID: 35609341 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Triplet excitons are generally confined within a semiconductor. Hence, solar energy utilization via direct triplet energy transfer (TET) from semiconductors is challenging. TET from lead halide perovskite semiconductors to nearby organic molecules has been illustrated with ultrafast spectroscopy. Direct utilization of solar energy, i.e., visible light, via TET for photocatalysis is an important route but has not yet been demonstrated with lead halide perovskite semiconductors. Here, we show that a photocatalytic reaction, focusing on a 2 + 2 cycloaddition reaction, can been successfully demonstrated via TET from lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs). The triplet excitons are shown to induce a highly diastereomeric syn-selective 2 + 2 cycloaddition starting from olefins. Such photocatalytic reactions probe the TET process previously only observed spectroscopically. Moreover, our observation demonstrates that bulk-like PNCs (size, >10 nm; PL = 530 nm), in addition to quantum-confined smaller PNCs, are also effective for TET. Our findings may render a new energy conversion pathway to employ PNCs via direct TET for photocatalytic organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiong Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Mariana Avvacumova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Ruilin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Xihan Chen
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Matthew C Beard
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Yong Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
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11
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Gehrmann C, Caicedo‐Dávila S, Zhu X, Egger DA. Transversal Halide Motion Intensifies Band-To-Band Transitions in Halide Perovskites. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200706. [PMID: 35373927 PMCID: PMC9165501 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite their puzzling vibrational characteristics that include strong signatures of anharmonicity and thermal disorder already around room temperature, halide perovskites (HaPs) exhibit favorable optoelectronic properties for applications in photovoltaics and beyond. Whether these vibrational properties are advantageous or detrimental to their optoelectronic properties remains, however, an important open question. Here, this issue is addressed by investigation of the finite-temperature optoelectronic properties in the prototypical cubic CsPbBr3 , using first-principles molecular dynamics based on density-functional theory. It is shown that the dynamic flexibility associated with HaPs enables the so-called transversality, which manifests as a preference for large halide displacements perpendicular to the Pb-Br-Pb bonding axis. The authors find that transversality is concurrent with vibrational anharmonicity and leads to a rapid rise in the joint density of states, which is favorable for photovoltaics since this implies sharp optical absorption profiles. These findings are contrasted to the case of PbTe, a material that shares several key properties with CsPbBr3 but cannot exhibit any transversality and, hence, is found to exhibit much wider band-edge distributions. The authors conclude that the dynamic structural flexibility in HaPs and their unusual vibrational characteristics might not just be a mere coincidence, but play active roles in establishing their favorable optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gehrmann
- Department of PhysicsTechnical University of MunichJames‐Franck‐Straße 1Garching85748Germany
| | | | - Xiangzhou Zhu
- Department of PhysicsTechnical University of MunichJames‐Franck‐Straße 1Garching85748Germany
| | - David A. Egger
- Department of PhysicsTechnical University of MunichJames‐Franck‐Straße 1Garching85748Germany
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12
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Sajedi M, Krivenkov M, Marchenko D, Sánchez-Barriga J, Chandran AK, Varykhalov A, Rienks EDL, Aguilera I, Blügel S, Rader O. Is There a Polaron Signature in Angle-Resolved Photoemission of CsPbBr_{3}? PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:176405. [PMID: 35570464 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.176405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The formation of large polarons has been proposed as reason for the high defect tolerance, low mobility, low charge carrier trapping, and low nonradiative recombination rates of lead halide perovskites. Recently, direct evidence for large-polaron formation has been reported from a 50% effective mass enhancement in angle-resolved photoemission of CsPbBr_{3} over theory for the orthorhombic structure. We present in-depth band dispersion measurements of CsPbBr_{3} and GW calculations, which lead to similar effective masses at the valence band maximum of 0.203±0.016 m_{0} in experiment and 0.226 m_{0} in orthorhombic theory. We argue that the effective mass can be explained solely on the basis of electron-electron correlation and large-polaron formation cannot be concluded from photoemission data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sajedi
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24/25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Maxim Krivenkov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dmitry Marchenko
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jaime Sánchez-Barriga
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anoop K Chandran
- Peter Grünberg Institut and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich and JARA, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Department of Physics, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrei Varykhalov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Emile D L Rienks
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Irene Aguilera
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, IEK-5 Photovoltaics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Stefan Blügel
- Peter Grünberg Institut and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich and JARA, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Oliver Rader
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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13
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Matheu R, Ke F, Breidenbach A, Wolf N, Lee Y, Liu Z, Leppert L, Lin Y, Karunadasa H. Charge Reservoirs in an Expanded Halide Perovskite Analog: Enhancing High‐Pressure Conductivity through Redox‐Active Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roc Matheu
- Stanford University Chemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Feng Ke
- Stanford University Geological Sciences UNITED STATES
| | | | | | - Young Lee
- Stanford University Applied Physics UNITED STATES
| | - Zhenxian Liu
- University of Illinois at Chicago Physics UNITED STATES
| | - Linn Leppert
- University of Twente Institute for Nanotechnology: Universiteit Twente MESA+ Physics NETHERLANDS
| | - Yu Lin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences UNITED STATES
| | - Hemamala Karunadasa
- Stanford University Department of Chemistry 333 Campus Drive, Mudd Building 94305-4401 Stanford UNITED STATES
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14
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Goesten MG, Xia Y, Aschauer U, Amsler M. Conformational Gap Control in CsTaS 3. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3398-3410. [PMID: 35174711 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Simple arguments based on orbital energies and crystal symmetry suggest the band gap of CsTaS3 to be suitable for solar cell photovoltaics. Here, we combine chemical theory with sophisticated calculations to describe an intricate relationship between the structure and optical properties of this material. Orbital interactions govern both the presence and nature of CsTaS3's gap. In the first place, through a second-order Jahn-Teller (JT) distortion, which slides the Ta ion along the axial direction of TaS3 chains. This displacement creates a gap that remains direct in the face of minor distortions. Using an advanced methodology, compressive sensing lattice dynamics, we compute the anharmonic interatomic force constants up to the fourth order and use them to renormalize the phonons at finite temperatures. This analysis predicts CsTaS3 to undergo the JT metal-to-semiconductor transition at temperatures below 1000 K. At around room temperature, we find a second distortion that moves the Ta ion along the equatorial direction of the TaS3 chains, giving rise to many possible supercell conformations. By relaxing all symmetry-inequivalent structures with Ta ion displacements, in supercells with up to 12 formula units, we obtain 204 symmetrically distinct conformations and sort them by energy and (direct) band gap magnitude. Since all structures with a gap lie within an energy range of 30 meV/Ta above the ground state, we expect CsTaS3's optical properties to be controlled by the full polymorphic ensemble of gapped conformations. Using the GW-Bethe-Salpeter approach, we predict a band gap of 1.3-1.4 eV as well as potent absorption in the visible range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten G Goesten
- Centre for Integrated Materials Research (iMAT), Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.,Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yi Xia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ulrich Aschauer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Amsler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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15
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Goesten MG. Be–Be π‐Bonding and Predicted Superconductivity in MBe
2
(M=Zr, Hf). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maarten G. Goesten
- Centre for Integrated Materials Research Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus Denmark
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 14 8000 Aarhus Denmark
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955 Saudi Arabia
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16
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Matheu R, Vigil JA, Crace EJ, Karunadasa HI. The halogen chemistry of halide perovskites. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Bi S, Zhao W, Sun Y, Jiang C, Liu Y, He Z, Li Q, Song J. Dynamic photonic perovskite light-emitting diodes with post-treatment-enhanced crystallization as writable and wipeable inscribers. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:6659-6668. [PMID: 36132659 PMCID: PMC9418838 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00465d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Controllable photonic patterns have attracted great attention for various applications in displays, smart sensors, and communications. Conventional patterned light-emitting-diode (LED) systems require complicated design, complex procedure, and advanced equipment. Moreover, permanent properties of the fabricated patterns on LED restrict it from various important applications. Herein, we present an innovative writable and wipeable perovskite light-emitting-diode (WWPeLED) device, which tactfully utilizes the large variation of turn-on voltage originating from the external quantum efficiency (EQE) difference under controllable thermal treatment. The turn-on voltages with/without thermal-treatment devices exhibit a large gap of over 5 V, and the thermal-treatment electroluminescence intensity is more than 10 times higher than that of non-thermal-treatment devices. The new phenomena open up an effective way of controlling illumination with desired pattern designs. Additionally, the distinct handwriting fonts and habits as well as printing patterns with illumination WWPeLED are also realized. Furthermore, these written and printed features can be totally wiped out with an 11 V cleaning voltage, turning the devices as a regular fully bright PeLED. The stability and repeatability tests prove the robustness of WWPeLED in both mechanical and electroluminescence performance after a long period of operations. The innovative WWPeLED devices may find prospective applications in various optoelectronic devices and flexible integrated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Bi
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yeqing Sun
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Chengming Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland College Park MA 20742 USA
| | - Zhengran He
- Center for Materials for Information Technology, The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA
| | - Qikun Li
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Jinhui Song
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
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18
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Ghaithan HM, Alahmed ZA, Qaid SMH, Aldwayyan AS. Density Functional Theory Analysis of Structural, Electronic, and Optical Properties of Mixed-Halide Orthorhombic Inorganic Perovskites. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:30752-30761. [PMID: 34805703 PMCID: PMC8600628 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic metal-halide perovskites hold a lot of promise for solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and lasers. A thorough investigation of their optoelectronic properties is ongoing. In this study, the accurate modified Becke Johnson generalized gradient approximation (mBJ-GGA) method without/with spin orbital coupling (SOC) implemented in the WIEN2k code was used to investigate the effect of mixed I/Br and Br/Cl on the electronic and optical properties of orthorhombic CsPb(I1-x Br x )3 and CsPb(Br1-x Cl x )3 perovskites, while the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation (PBE-GGA) method was used to investigate their structural properties. The calculated band gap (E g) using the mBJ-GGA method was in good agreement with the experimental values reported, and it increased clearly from 1.983 eV for CsPbI3 to 2.420 and 3.325 eV for CsPbBr3 and CsPbCl3, respectively. The corrected mBJ + SOC E g value is 1.850 eV for CsPbI3, which increased to 2.480 and 3.130 eV for CsPbBr3 and CsPbCl3, respectively. The calculated photoabsorption coefficients show a blue shift in absorption, indicating that these perovskites are suitable for optical and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid M. Ghaithan
- Physics
and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeyad. A. Alahmed
- Physics
and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saif M. H. Qaid
- Physics
and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S. Aldwayyan
- Physics
and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- King
Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King
Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- K.A.CARE
Energy Research and Innovation Center at Riyadh, P.O. Box 2022, Riyadh 11454, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Goesten M. Be-Be π bonding and predicted superconductivity in MBe2 (M=Zr, Hf). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114303. [PMID: 34687576 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Beryllium, an s-block element, forms an aromatic network of delocalized Be-Be π bonds in alloys ZrBe2 and HfBe2. This gives rise to a structure that fits description as stacked [Be2]4- layers with tetravalent cations in between. The [Be2]4- sublattice is isoelectronic and isostructural to graphite, as well as the [B]-2 sublattice in MgB2, and it bears identical manifestations of π bonding in its electronic band structure. These come in the form of degeneracies at K and H in the Brillouin zone, separated in energy as the result of interlayer orbital interactions. Zr and Hf use their valence d orbitals to form bonds with the layers, leading to nearly identical band structures. Like MgB2, ZrBe2 and HfBe2 are computed to be phonon-mediated superconductors at ambient pressures, with respective critical temperatures of 11.4 K and 8.8 K. The coupling strength between phonons and free electrons is very similar, so that the difference in critical temperatures is controlled by the mass of constituent interlayer ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Goesten
- Aarhus University: Aarhus Universitet, Center for Integrated Materials Research, Department of Chemistry, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus, DENMARK
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20
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Maurer LA, Pearce OM, Maharaj FDR, Brown NL, Amador CK, Damrauer NH, Marshak MP. Open for Bismuth: Main Group Metal-to-Ligand Charge Transfer. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:10137-10146. [PMID: 34181403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization, and photophysical properties of 4- and 6-coordinate Bi3+ coordination complexes are reported. Bi(bzq)3 (1) and [Bi(bzq)2]Br (2) (bzq = benzo[h]quinoline) are synthesized by reaction of 9-Li-bzq with BiCl3 and BiBr3, respectively. Absorption spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and DFT studies suggest that 1 has 42% Bi 6s character in its highest-occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) as a result of six σ* interactions with the bzq ligands. Excitation of 1 at 450 nm results in a broad emission feature at 520 nm, which is rationalized as a metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) and phosphorescent emission resulting from bismuth-mediated intersystem crossing (ISC) to a triplet excited state. This excited state revealed a 35 μs lifetime and was quenched in the presence of oxygen. These results demonstrate that useful optoelectronic properties of Bi3+ can be accessed through hypercoordination with covalent organobismuth interactions that mimic the electronic structure of lead perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Maurer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Orion M Pearce
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Franklin D R Maharaj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Niamh L Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Camille K Amador
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Niels H Damrauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Michael P Marshak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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21
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Wolf NR, Connor BA, Slavney AH, Karunadasa HI. Doubling the Stakes: The Promise of Halide Double Perovskites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R. Wolf
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA
| | - Bridget A. Connor
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA
| | - Adam H. Slavney
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA
| | - Hemamala I. Karunadasa
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park California 94025 USA
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22
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Chiara R, Morana M, Malavasi L. Germanium-Based Halide Perovskites: Materials, Properties, and Applications. Chempluschem 2021; 86:879-888. [PMID: 34126001 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Perovskites are attracting an increasing interest in the wide community of photovoltaics, optoelectronic, and detection, traditionally relying on lead-based systems. This Minireview provides an overview of the current status of experimental and computational results available on Ge-containing 3D and low-dimensional halide perovskites. While stability issues analogous to those of tin-based materials are present, some strategies to afford this problem in Ge metal halide perovskites (MHPs) for photovoltaics have already been identified and successfully employed, reaching efficiencies of solar devices greater than 7 % at up to 500 h of illumination. Interestingly, some Ge-containing MHPs showed promising nonlinear optical responses as well as quite broad emissions, which are worthy of further investigation starting from the basic materials chemistry perspective, where a large space for properties modulation through compositions/alloying/fnanostructuring is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Chiara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia and INSTM, Via Taramelli 16, 27100, Pavia>, Italy
| | - Marta Morana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia and INSTM, Via Taramelli 16, 27100, Pavia>, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Malavasi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia and INSTM, Via Taramelli 16, 27100, Pavia>, Italy
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23
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Tang G, Ghosez P, Hong J. Band-Edge Orbital Engineering of Perovskite Semiconductors for Optoelectronic Applications. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4227-4239. [PMID: 33900763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) halide perovskites have achieved great success in recent years because of their excellent optoelectronic properties, which is largely attributed to the lone-pair s orbital-derived antibonding states at the valence band edge. Guided by the key band-edge orbital character, a series of ns2-containing (i.e., Sn2+, Sb3+, and Bi3+) Pb-free perovskite alternatives have been explored as potential photovoltaic candidates. On the other hand, based on the band-edge orbital components (i.e., M2+ s and p/X- p orbitals), a series of strategies have been proposed to optimize their optoelectronic properties by modifying the atomic orbitals and orbital interactions. Therefore, understanding the band-edge electronic features from the recently reported halide perovskites is essential for future material design and device optimization. This Perspective first attempts to establish the band-edge orbital-property relationship using a chemically intuitive approach and then rationalizes their superior properties and explains the trends in electronic properties. We hope that this Perspective will provide atomic-level guidance and insights toward the rational design of perovskite semiconductors with outstanding optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Tang
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Theoretical Materials Physics, Q-MAT, CESAM, University of Liège, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - Philippe Ghosez
- Theoretical Materials Physics, Q-MAT, CESAM, University of Liège, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - Jiawang Hong
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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24
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Wolf NR, Connor BA, Slavney AH, Karunadasa HI. Doubling the Stakes: The Promise of Halide Double Perovskites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16264-16278. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R. Wolf
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA
| | - Bridget A. Connor
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA
| | - Adam H. Slavney
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA
| | - Hemamala I. Karunadasa
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo Park California 94025 USA
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25
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Kashikar R, Gupta M, Nanda BRK. A generic Slater-Koster description of the electronic structure of centrosymmetric halide perovskites. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:104706. [PMID: 33722012 DOI: 10.1063/5.0044338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The halide perovskites have truly emerged as efficient optoelectronic materials and show the promise of exhibiting nontrivial topological phases. Since the bandgap is the deterministic factor for these quantum phases, here, we present a comprehensive electronic structure study using first-principle methods by considering nine inorganic halide perovskites CsBX3 (B = Ge, Sn, Pb; X = Cl, Br, I) in their three structural polymorphs (cubic, tetragonal, and orthorhombic). A series of exchange-correlation (XC) functionals are examined toward accurate estimation of the bandgap. Furthermore, while 13 orbitals are active in constructing the valence and conduction band spectra, here, we establish that a 4 orbital based minimal basis set is sufficient to build the Slater-Koster tight-binding (SK-TB) model, which is capable of reproducing the bulk and surface electronic structures in the vicinity of the Fermi level. Therefore, like the Wannier based TB model, the presented SK-TB model can also be considered an efficient tool to examine the bulk and surface electronic structures of the halide family of compounds. As estimated by comparing the model study and DFT band structure, the dominant electron coupling strengths are found to be nearly independent of XC functionals, which further establishes the utility of the SK-TB model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kashikar
- Condensed Matter Theory and Computational Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Mayank Gupta
- Condensed Matter Theory and Computational Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - B R K Nanda
- Condensed Matter Theory and Computational Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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26
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Lobato A, Recio-Poo M, Otero-de-la-Roza A, Salvadó MA, Recio JM. Controlling the off-center positions of anions through thermodynamics and kinetics in flexible perovskite-like materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:4491-4499. [PMID: 33439159 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05711h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the network flexibility of their BX3 sub-lattice, a manifold of polymorphs with potential multiferroic applications can be found in perovskite-like ABX3 materials under different pressure and temperature conditions. The potential energy surface of these compounds usually presents equivalent off-center positions of anions connected by low energetic barriers. This feature facilitates a competition between the thermodynamic and kinetic control of the transitions from low to high symmetry structures, and explains the relationship between the rich polymorphism and network flexibility. In the rhombohedral phase of iron trifluoride, our first-principles electronic structure and phonon calculations reveal the factors that determine which of the two scenarios dominates the transition. At the experimentally reported rhombohedral-cubic transition temperature, the calculated fluorine displacements are fast enough to overcome forward and backward a barrier of less than 30 kJ mol-1, leading to an average structure with cubic symmetry. In addition, lattice strain effects observed in epitaxial growth and nanocrystallite experiments involving BX3 compounds are successfully mimicked by computing the phase stability of FeF3 under negative pressures. We predict a transition pressure at -1.8 GPa with a relative volume change around 5%, consistent with a first-order transition from the rhombohedral to the cubic structure. Overall, our study illustrates how, by strain tuning, either a thermodynamic or a kinetic pathway can be selected for this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lobato
- MALTA Team and Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain.
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27
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Aravindh SA, Kistanov AA, Alatalo M, Kömi J, Huttula M, Cao W. Incorporation of Si atoms into CrCoNiFe high-entropy alloy: a DFT study. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:135703. [PMID: 33429368 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abda78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory based computational study has been conducted in order to investigate the effect of substitution of Cr and Co components by Si on the structure, mechanical, electronic, and magnetic properties of the high entropy alloy CrCoNiFe. It is found that the presence of a moderate concentration of Si substitutes (up to 12.5%) does not significantly reduce the structural and mechanical stability of CrCoNiFe while it may modify its electronic and magnetic properties. Based on that, Si is proposed as a cheap and functional material for partial substitution of Cr or Co in CrCoNiFe.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Assa Aravindh
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, Center for Advanced Steels Research, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Andrey A Kistanov
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, Center for Advanced Steels Research, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Matti Alatalo
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, Center for Advanced Steels Research, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Jukka Kömi
- Materials and Mechanical Engineering, Center for Advanced Steels Research, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Marko Huttula
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, Center for Advanced Steels Research, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Wei Cao
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, Center for Advanced Steels Research, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
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28
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Palos E, Reyes-Serrato A, Alonso-Nuñez G, Sánchez JG. Modeling the ternary chalcogenide Na 2MoSe 4 from first-principles. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:025501. [PMID: 33055381 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abaf91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the ongoing pursuit of inorganic compounds suitable for solid-state devices, transition metal chalcogenides have received heightened attention due to their physical and chemical properties. Recently, alkali-ion transition metal chalcogenides have been explored as promising candidates to be applied in optoelectronics, photovoltaics and energy storage devices. In this work, we present a theoretical study of sodium molybdenum selenide (Na2MoSe4). First-principles computations were performed on a set of hypothetical crystal structures to determine the ground state and electronic properties of Na2MoSe4. We find that the equilibrium structure of Na2MoSe4 is a simple orthorhombic (oP) lattice, with space group Pnma, as evidenced by thermodynamics. Finally, meta-GGA computations were performed to model the band structure of oP Na2MoSe4 at a predictive level. We employ the Tran-Blaha modified Becke-Johnson potential to demonstrate that oP Na2MoSe4 has a direct bandgap at the Γ point that is suitable for optoelectronics. Our results provide a foundation for future studies concerned with the modeling of inorganic and hybrid organic-inorganic materials chemically analogous to Na2MoSe4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Palos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada B.C., 22800, Mexico
| | - Armando Reyes-Serrato
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada B.C., 22800, Mexico
- Donostia International Physics Center, P. Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Gabriel Alonso-Nuñez
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada B.C., 22800, Mexico
| | - J Guerrero Sánchez
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada B.C., 22800, Mexico
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Ghaithan HM, Alahmed ZA, Qaid SMH, Aldwayyan AS. Structural, Electronic, and Optical Properties of CsPb(Br 1-xCl x) 3 Perovskite: First-Principles Study with PBE-GGA and mBJ-GGA Methods. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4944. [PMID: 33153239 PMCID: PMC7662594 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effect of halide composition on the structural, electronic, and optical properties of CsPb(Br1-xClx)3 perovskite was investigated in this study. When the chloride (Cl) content of x was increased, the unit cell volume decreased with a linear function. Theoretical X-ray diffraction analyses showed that the peak (at 2θ = 30.4°) shifts to a larger angle (at 2θ = 31.9°) when the average fraction of the incorporated Cl increased. The energy bandgap (Eg) was observed to increase with the increase in Cl concentration. For x = 0.00, 0.25, 0.33, 0.50, 0.66, 0.75, and 1.00, the Eg values calculated using the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof potential were between 1.53 and 1.93 eV, while those calculated using the modified Becke-Johnson generalized gradient approximation (mBJ-GGA) potential were between 2.23 and 2.90 eV. The Eg calculated using the mBJ-GGA method best matched the experimental values reported. The effective masses decreased with a concentration increase of Cl to 0.33 and then increased with a further increase in the concentration of Cl. Calculated photoabsorption coefficients show a blue shift of absorption at higher Cl content. The calculations indicate that CsPb(Br1-xClx)3 perovskite could be used in optical and optoelectronic devices by partly replacing bromide with chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid M. Ghaithan
- Physics and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Zeyad. A. Alahmed
- Physics and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saif M. H. Qaid
- Physics and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah S. Aldwayyan
- Physics and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- K.A.CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center at Riyadh, P.O. Box 2022, Riyadh 11454, Saudi Arabia
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Li H, Zhang W. Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells: From Fundamentals to Commercial Deployment. Chem Rev 2020; 120:9835-9950. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, U.K
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, U.K
- State Centre for International Cooperation on Designer Low-Carbon and Environmental Material (SCICDLCEM), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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31
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Aebli M, Piveteau L, Nazarenko O, Benin BM, Krieg F, Verel R, Kovalenko MV. Lead-Halide Scalar Couplings in 207Pb NMR of APbX 3 Perovskites (A = Cs, Methylammonium, Formamidinium; X = Cl, Br, I). Sci Rep 2020; 10:8229. [PMID: 32427897 PMCID: PMC7237655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the structure and dynamics of newcomer optoelectronic materials - lead halide perovskites APbX3 [A = Cs, methylammonium (CH3NH3+, MA), formamidinium (CH(NH2)2+, FA); X = Cl, Br, I] - has been a major research thrust. In this work, new insights could be gained by using 207Pb solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy at variable temperatures between 100 and 300 K. The existence of scalar couplings 1JPb-Cl of ca. 400 Hz and 1JPb-Br of ca. 2.3 kHz could be confirmed for MAPbX3 and CsPbX3. Diverse and fast structure dynamics, including rotations of A-cations, harmonic and anharmonic vibrations of the lead-halide framework and ionic mobility, affect the resolution of the coupling pattern. 207Pb NMR can therefore be used to detect the structural disorder and phase transitions. Furthermore, by comparing bulk and nanocrystalline CsPbBr3 a greater structural disorder of the PbBr6-octahedra had been confirmed in a nanoscale counterpart, not readily captured by diffraction-based techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Aebli
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Laura Piveteau
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600, Switzerland
- Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux: Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), UPR 3079 CNRS, Université d'Orléans, 1D Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071, Orléans, France
| | - Olga Nazarenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Bogdan M Benin
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Krieg
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - René Verel
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, CH-8093, Switzerland.
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, CH-8093, Switzerland.
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600, Switzerland.
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Computational Investigation of the Folded and Unfolded Band Structure and Structural and Optical Properties of CsPb(I1−xBrx)3 Perovskites. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10050342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The structural, electronic, and optical properties of inorganic CsPb(I1−xBrx)3 compounds were investigated using the full-potential linear augmented-plane wave (FP-LAPW) scheme with a generalized gradient approximation (GGA). Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation (PBE-GGA) and modified Becke–Johnson GGA (mBJ-GGA) potentials were used to study the electronic and optical properties. The band gaps calculated using the mBJ-GGA method gave the best agreement with experimentally reported values. CsPb(I1−xBrx)3 compounds were wide and direct band gap semiconductors, with a band gap located at the M point. The spectral weight (SW) approach was used to unfold the band structure. By substituting iodide with bromide, an increase in the band gap energy (Eg) values of 0.30 and 0.55 eV, using PBE-GGA and mBJ-GGA potentials, respectively, was observed, whereas the optical property parameters, which were also investigated, demonstrated the reverse effect. The high absorption spectra in the ultraviolet−visible energy range demonstrated that CsPb(I1−xBrx)3 perovskite could be used in optical and optoelectronic devices by partly replacing iodide with bromide.
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Ghaithan HM, Alahmed ZA, Qaid SMH, Hezam M, Aldwayyan AS. Density Functional Study of Cubic, Tetragonal, and Orthorhombic CsPbBr 3 Perovskite. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:7468-7480. [PMID: 32280890 PMCID: PMC7144159 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) perovskite has recently gained significance owing to its rapidly increasing performance when used for light-emitting devices. In this study, we used density functional theory to determine the structural, electronic, and optical properties of the cubic, tetragonal, and orthorhombic temperature-dependent phases of CsPbBr3 perovskite using the full-potential linear augmented plane wave method. The electronic properties of CsPbBr3 perovskite have been investigated by evaluating their changes upon exerting spin-orbit coupling (SOC). The following exchange potentials were used: the local density approximation (LDA), Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation (PBE-GGA), Engel-Vosko GGA (EV-GGA), Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof GGA revised for solids (PBEsol-GGA), modified Becke-Johnson GGA (mBJ-GGA), new modified Becke-Johnson GGA (nmBJ-GGA), and unmodified Becke-Johnson GGA (umBJ-GGA). Our band structure results indicated that the cubic, tetragonal, and orthorhombic phases have direct energy bandgaps. By including the SOC effect in the calculations, the bandgaps computed with mBJ-GGA and nmBJ-GGA were found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. Additionally, despite the large variations in their lattice constants, the three CsPbBr3 phases possessed similar optical properties. These results demonstrate a wide temperature range of operation for CsPbBr3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid M. Ghaithan
- Physics
and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Physics
Department, College of Education and Linguistic, Amran University, Amran, Yemen
| | - Zeyad A. Alahmed
- Physics
and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saif M. H. Qaid
- Physics
and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Hezam
- King
Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King
Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S. Aldwayyan
- Physics
and Astronomy Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- K.A.CARE
Energy Research and Innovation Center at Riyadh, P.O. Box 2022, Riyadh 11454, Saudi Arabia
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Tsuji Y, Hori M, Yoshizawa K. Theoretical Study on the Electronic Structure of Heavy Alkali-Metal Suboxides. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:1340-1354. [PMID: 31898465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
On the metal-rich side of the phase diagrams of the Rb-O, Cs-O, and Rb-Cs-O systems, one can find a variety of stoichiometries: for example, Rb9O2, Rb6O, Cs4O, Cs7O, Cs11O3, RbCs11O3, and Rb7Cs11O3. They may be termed heavy alkali-metal suboxides. The application of the standard electron-counting scheme to these compounds suggests the presence of surplus electrons. This motivated us to carry out a theoretical study using the first-principles density functional theory (DFT) method. The structures of these compounds are based on either a formally cationic Rb9O2 or Cs11O3 cluster. The analyses of the partial charge density just below the Fermi level and the electron localization function (ELF) have revealed that there exist surplus electrons in interstitial regions of all the investigated suboxides so that the excess positive charge of the cluster can be compensated. Density of states (DOS) calculations suggest that all of the compounds are metallic. Therefore, the suboxides listed above may be regarded as a new family of metallic electrides, where coreless electrons reside in interstitial spaces and provide a conduction channel. Except for the phases of Rb9O2 and Cs11O3, the suboxide structures include both the cationic clusters and alkali-metal matrix. Several charge analyses indicate that the interstitial surplus-electron density can be assigned to the alkali-metal atoms in the metal matrix, leading to the possibility of the presence of negatively charged alkali-metal atoms, namely Rb- (rubidide) and Cs- (caeside) ions, a.k.a. alkalides. In Rb6O, Rb-, Rb0, and Rb+ are found to coexist in the same crystal structure. Similarly, in Cs7O, one can find the three types of Cs atoms. However, in Cs4O, no Cs0 state is identified. In the Rb-Cs-O ternary suboxides, Rb takes a negatively charged anion state or neutral state, while all of the Cs atoms are found to be cationic because they get involved in the Cs11O3 cluster and all the Rb atoms exist in interstitial sites. Orbital interactions between the clusters are analyzed to understand how the condensation of the clusters into the solid happens and how the electride nature ensues. These clusters are found to have some superatomic character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Tsuji
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS , Kyushu University , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Mikiya Hori
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS , Kyushu University , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS , Kyushu University , Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
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Uratani H, Chou CP, Nakai H. Quantum mechanical molecular dynamics simulations of polaron formation in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:97-106. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04739e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polaron formation in a halide perovskite is analyzed via nanometre-scale quantum mechanical molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Uratani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- School of Advanced Science and Engineering
- Waseda University
- Shinjuku-ku
- Japan
| | - Chien-Pin Chou
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering (WISE)
- Tokyo 169-8555
- Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- School of Advanced Science and Engineering
- Waseda University
- Shinjuku-ku
- Japan
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36
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Evarestov RA, Kotomin EA, Senocrate A, Kremer RK, Maier J. First-principles comparative study of perfect and defective CsPbX3 (X = Br, I) crystals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:3914-3920. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06322f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents first principles Density Functional Theory hybrid functional calculations of the atomic and electronic structure of perfect CsPbI3, CsPbBr3 and CsPbCl3 crystals, as well as defective CsPbI3 and CsPbBr3 crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. A. Evarestov
- Institute of Chemistry
- St. Petersburg State University
- Petrodvorets
- Russia
| | - E. A. Kotomin
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research
- Stuttgart
- Germany
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- University of Latvia
| | - A. Senocrate
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research
- Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - R. K. Kremer
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research
- Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - J. Maier
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research
- Stuttgart
- Germany
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Slavney AH, Connor BA, Leppert L, Karunadasa HI. A pencil-and-paper method for elucidating halide double perovskite band structures. Chem Sci 2019; 10:11041-11053. [PMID: 32190254 PMCID: PMC7066864 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03219c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Halide double perovskites are an important emerging alternative to lead-halide perovskites in a variety of optoelectronic applications. Compared to ABX3 single perovskites (A = monovalent cation, X = halide), A2BB'X6 double perovskites exhibit a wider array of compositions and electronic structures, promising finer control over physical and electronic properties through synthetic design. However, a clear understanding of how chemical composition dictates the electronic structures of this large family of materials is still lacking. Herein, we develop a qualitative Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals (LCAO) model that describes the full range of band structures for double perovskites. Our simple model allows for a direct connection between the inherently local bonding between atoms in the double perovskite and the resulting delocalized bands of the solid. In particular, we show how bands in halide double perovskites originate from the molecular orbitals of metal-hexahalide coordination complexes and describe how these molecular orbitals vary within a band. Our results provide both an enhanced understanding of known perovskite compositions and predictive power for identifying new compositions with targeted properties. We present a table, which permits the position of the conduction band minimum and valence band maximum in most double perovskites to be immediately determined from the frontier atomic orbitals of the B-site metals. Using purely qualitative arguments based on orbital symmetries and their relative energies, the direct/indirect nature of the bandgap of almost all halide double perovskites can thus be correctly predicted. We hope that this theory provides an intuitive understanding of halide double perovskite band structures and enables lessons from molecular chemistry to be applied to these extended solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam H Slavney
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
| | - Bridget A Connor
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
| | - Linn Leppert
- Institute of Physics , University of Bayreuth , Bayreuth , 95440 , Germany
| | - Hemamala I Karunadasa
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , CA 94305 , USA .
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA
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Abstract
The crystal structures of three new hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide compounds [IqH]PbI3, [4MiH]PbI3, and [BzH]PbI3 ([IqH+] = isoquinolinium, [4MiH+] = 4-methylimidazolium, [BzH+] = benzotriazolium) have been determined by single crystal x-ray diffraction. All three compounds have the same generic formula as perovskite, ABX3, but adopt a rare non-perovskite structure built from one dimensional (1D) edge-sharing octahedral chains. The bandgap of each compound was investigated by solid UV-Vis spectra. In comparison with previously reported hybrid compounds containing the same type of octahedral chains, [C10H7CH2NH3]Pbl3 and (C7H7N2)PbI3, all three new compounds have lower bandgaps (<2.4 ev), indicating that they may be promising for photovoltaic application.
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Mao L, Kennard RM, Traore B, Ke W, Katan C, Even J, Chabinyc ML, Stoumpos CC, Kanatzidis MG. Seven-Layered 2D Hybrid Lead Iodide Perovskites. Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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40
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Tao S, Schmidt I, Brocks G, Jiang J, Tranca I, Meerholz K, Olthof S. Absolute energy level positions in tin- and lead-based halide perovskites. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2560. [PMID: 31189871 PMCID: PMC6561953 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10468-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites are promising materials for future optoelectronic applications. One intriguing property, important for many applications, is the tunability of the band gap via compositional engineering. While experimental reports on changes in absorption or photoluminescence show rather good agreement for different compounds, the physical origins of these changes, namely the variations in valence and conduction band positions, are not well characterized. Here, we determine ionization energy and electron affinity values of all primary tin- and lead-based perovskites using photoelectron spectroscopy data, supported by first-principles calculations and a tight-binding analysis. We demonstrate energy level variations are primarily determined by the relative positions of the atomic energy levels of metal cations and halide anions and secondarily influenced by the cation-anion interaction strength. These results mark a significant step towards understanding the electronic structure of this material class and provides the basis for rational design rules regarding the energetics in perovskite optoelectronics. The band gap of metal halide perovskites can be tuned by changing composition, but the underlying mechanism is not well understood. Here the authors determine, by experiments and theoretical analysis, the energy levels of all primary tin- and lead-based perovskites, relating them to the levels of the composing ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Tao
- Center for Computational Energy Research, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513,, 5600MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Ines Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Luxemburger Straße 116, Cologne, 50939, Germany
| | - Geert Brocks
- Center for Computational Energy Research, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513,, 5600MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Computational Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Technology and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217,, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Junke Jiang
- Center for Computational Energy Research, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513,, 5600MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ionut Tranca
- Energy Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Klaus Meerholz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Luxemburger Straße 116, Cologne, 50939, Germany
| | - Selina Olthof
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Luxemburger Straße 116, Cologne, 50939, Germany.
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Jurow MJ, Morgenstern T, Eisler C, Kang J, Penzo E, Do M, Engelmayer M, Osowiecki WT, Bekenstein Y, Tassone C, Wang LW, Alivisatos AP, Brütting W, Liu Y. Manipulating the Transition Dipole Moment of CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Nanocrystals for Superior Optical Properties. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:2489-2496. [PMID: 30848600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals exhibit unique photophysical properties including high quantum yields, tunable emission colors, and narrow photoluminescence spectra that have marked them as promising light emitters for applications in diverse photonic devices. Randomly oriented transition dipole moments have limited the light outcoupling efficiency of all isotropic light sources, including perovskites. In this report we design and synthesize deep blue emitting, quantum confined, perovskite nanoplates and analyze their optical properties by combining angular emission measurements with back focal plane imaging and correlating the results with physical characterization. By reducing the dimensions of the nanocrystals and depositing them face down onto a substrate by spin coating, we orient the average transition dipole moment of films into the plane of the substrate and improve the emission properties for light emitting applications. We then exploit the sensitivity of the perovskite electronic transitions to the dielectric environment at the interface between the crystal and their surroundings to reduce the angle between the average transition dipole moment and the surface to only 14° and maximize potential light emission efficiency. This tunability of the electronic transition that governs light emission in perovskites is unique and, coupled with their excellent photophysical properties, introduces a valuable method to extend the efficiencies and applications of perovskite based photonic devices beyond those based on current materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Jurow
- Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Thomas Morgenstern
- Institute of Physics , University of Augsburg , 86135 Augsburg , Germany
| | - Carissa Eisler
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Jun Kang
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Erika Penzo
- Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Mai Do
- Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Manuel Engelmayer
- Institute of Physics , University of Augsburg , 86135 Augsburg , Germany
| | - Wojciech T Osowiecki
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Yehonadav Bekenstein
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Christopher Tassone
- SSRL Materials Science Division , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Rd MS 69 , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
| | - Lin-Wang Wang
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - A Paul Alivisatos
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science and Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Wolfgang Brütting
- Institute of Physics , University of Augsburg , 86135 Augsburg , Germany
| | - Yi Liu
- Molecular Foundry , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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Anelli C, Chierotti MR, Bordignon S, Quadrelli P, Marongiu D, Bongiovanni G, Malavasi L. Investigation of Dimethylammonium Solubility in MAPbBr3 Hybrid Perovskite: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Optical Properties. Inorg Chem 2018; 58:944-949. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Anelli
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM, Viale Taramelli 16, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | | | - Simone Bordignon
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre, V. Giuria 7, Torino 10125, Italy
| | - Paolo Quadrelli
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM, Viale Taramelli 16, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Daniela Marongiu
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, S. P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0.7, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bongiovanni
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, S. P. Monserrato-Sestu km 0.7, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Malavasi
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM, Viale Taramelli 16, Pavia 27100, Italy
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