1
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Haufe G. Selective Synthesis of Monofluorinated Compounds Applying Amine/HF Reagents. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300140. [PMID: 37229773 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
For nucleophilic monofluorination, amine/HF reagents such as Et3 N⋅3HF, Pyr⋅9HF (Olah's reagent) and similar combinations belong to the most frequently used fluoride sources, whereupon the selectivity of these reagents can be very different depending of its acidity, the nucleophilicity of the fluoride equivalent, and the structure of the particular substrate. These reagents can be used safely in ordinary chemistry laboratories for nucleophilic substitution reactions by fluoride at sp3 -hybridized carbon centers. For ring opening reactions of epoxides, the regio- and stereoselectivity is very much depending of the nature of the epoxide and the acidity of the HF reagent favoring either SN 1 or SN 2 type reactions. Similarly, the outcome of halofluorination and similar reactions with sulfur or seleno electrophiles can be controlled by the particular combination of the electrophile and the fluoride source. Examples for the application of these reaction types for the synthesis of fluorine-containing analogues of natural products or biologically relevant compounds are in the focus of this personal account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Haufe
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, D-48149, Münster, Germany
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2
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Mondal R, Agbaria M, Nairoukh Z. Fluorinated Rings: Conformation and Application. Chemistry 2021; 27:7193-7213. [PMID: 33512034 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of fluorine atoms into molecules and materials across many fields of academic and industrial research is now commonplace, owing to their unique properties. A particularly interesting feature is the impact of fluorine substitution on the relative orientation of a C-F bond when incorporated into organic molecules. In this Review, we will be discussing the conformational behavior of fluorinated aliphatic carbo- and heterocyclic systems. The conformational preference of each system is associated with various interactions introduced by fluorine substitution such as charge-dipole, dipole-dipole, and hyperconjugative interactions. The contribution of each interaction on the stabilization of the fluorinated alicyclic system, which manifests itself in low conformations, will be discussed in detail. The novelty of this feature will be demonstrated by presenting the most recent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Mondal
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Mohamed Agbaria
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Zackaria Nairoukh
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
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3
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Fluorinated 2-Arylcyclopropan-1-amines - A new class of sigma receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115726. [PMID: 33007549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Stereoisomeric 2-aryl-2-fluoro-cyclopropan-1-amines have been discovered as a new class of σ receptor ligands showing different selectivity for the two subtypes of the receptor. Generally, compounds substituted in 4-position are much more active than corresponding 3-substituted isomers. trans-2-Fluoro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropan-1-amine (19a) was the most potent (Ki = 4.8 nM) σ1 receptor ligand, while cis-2-fluoro-2-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)cyclopropan-1-amine (20b) was the most potent (Ki = 95 nM) σ2 receptor ligand.
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4
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Fang Z, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, O'Hagan D. Fluorine containing cyclopropanes: synthesis of aryl substituted all-cis 1,2,3-trifluorocyclopropanes, a facially polar motif. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:10539-10542. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05749h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The syntheses of substituted all-cis-1,2,3-trifluorocyclopropanes are described for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeguo Fang
- University of St Andrews
- School of Chemistry
- North Haugh
- UK
| | | | | | - David O'Hagan
- University of St Andrews
- School of Chemistry
- North Haugh
- UK
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5
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Tripathi AC, Upadhyay S, Paliwal S, Saraf SK. Privileged scaffolds as MAO inhibitors: Retrospect and prospects. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 145:445-497. [PMID: 29335210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to be a comprehensive, authoritative, critical, and readable review of general interest to the medicinal chemistry community because it focuses on the pharmacological, chemical, structural and computational aspects of diverse chemical categories as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Monoamine oxidases (MAOs), namely MAO-A and MAO-B represent an enormously valuable class of neuronal enzymes embodying neurobiological origin and functions, serving as potential therapeutic target in neuronal pharmacotherapy, and hence we have coined the term "Neurozymes" which is being introduced for the first time ever. Nowadays, therapeutic attention on MAOIs engrosses two imperative categories; MAO-A inhibitors, in certain mental disorders such as depression and anxiety, and MAO-B inhibitors, in neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The use of MAOIs declined due to some potential side effects, food and drug interactions, and introduction of other classes of drugs. However, curiosity in MAOIs is reviving and the recent developments of new generation of highly selective and reversible MAOIs, have renewed the therapeutic prospective of these compounds. The initial section of the review emphasizes on the detailed classification, structural and binding characteristics, therapeutic potential, current status and future challenges of the privileged pharmacophores. However, the chemical prospective of privileged scaffolds such as; aliphatic and aromatic amines, amides, hydrazines, azoles, diazoles, tetrazoles, indoles, azines, diazines, xanthenes, tricyclics, benzopyrones, and more interestingly natural products, along with their conclusive SARs have been discussed in the later segment of review. The last segment of the article encompasses some patents granted in the field of MAOIs, in a simplistic way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash C Tripathi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das Northern India Institute of Technology, Lucknow 226028, UP, India
| | - Savita Upadhyay
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das Northern India Institute of Technology, Lucknow 226028, UP, India
| | - Sarvesh Paliwal
- Pharmacy Department, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Tonk 304022, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shailendra K Saraf
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das Northern India Institute of Technology, Lucknow 226028, UP, India.
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Bartels K, Schinor B, Haufe G. Diastereoselectivity of cyclopropanation of substituted α-fluorostyrenes versus styrenes by different methods. J Fluor Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Green synthesis and evaluation of the antitumor activity of a novel series of 3-[4-bi-(4-fluorophenyl)methylpiperazinyl]-4-amino-5-thione-1,2,4-triazole Schiff bases. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-015-2200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Schinor B, Wibbeling B, Haufe G. Synthesis and pKa values of 2-(3- and 4-pentafluorosulfanylphenyl)-2-fluorocyclopropylamines. J Fluor Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Bautista JL, Flores-Alamo M, Tiburcio J, Vieto R, Torrens H. Synthesis and structural characterization of fluorinated thiosemicarbazones. Molecules 2013; 18:13111-23. [PMID: 24152598 PMCID: PMC6270490 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181013111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Six new fluorinated thiosemicarbazones R-C(R′)=N-NH-C(S)NH2 (R = 2,4-C6H3F2, R′ = H (1); R = 2,5-C6H3F2, R′ = H (2); R = 2,6-C6H3F2, R′ = H (3); R = 3,4-C6H3F2, R′ = H (4); R = 3,5-C6H3F2, R′ = H (5) and R = 4-C6H4F, R′ = C6H5, (6)) have been prepared. The molecular structures of compounds 1 to 6 have been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan L. Bautista
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez de Oaxaca. Av. Universidad S/N Cinco Señores, Oaxaca de Juárez, Oaxaca 68000, Mexico; E-Mail:
| | - Marcos Flores-Alamo
- Facultad de Química, UNAM, Cd. Universitaria, 04510 México D.F., Mexico; E-Mails: (M.F.A.); (R.V.)
| | - Jorge Tiburcio
- Departamento de Química, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, México 07360, Mexico; E-Mail:
| | - Rebeca Vieto
- Facultad de Química, UNAM, Cd. Universitaria, 04510 México D.F., Mexico; E-Mails: (M.F.A.); (R.V.)
| | - Hugo Torrens
- Facultad de Química, UNAM, Cd. Universitaria, 04510 México D.F., Mexico; E-Mails: (M.F.A.); (R.V.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel./Fax: +52-555-622-3724
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10
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Zhang M, Gong Y, Wang W. A Two-Step Sequence to Ethyl α-Fluorocyclopropanecarboxylates Through MIRC Reaction of Ethyl Dichloroacetate and Highly Regioselective Fluorination. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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11
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Hirotaki K, Takehiro Y, Kamaishi R, Yamada Y, Hanamoto T. Synthesis of mono-fluorinated functionalized cyclopropanes and aziridines using the α-fluorovinyl diphenyl sulfonium salt. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:7965-7. [PMID: 23903257 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc44519d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The α-fluorovinyl diphenyl sulfonium salt 1 is attractive due to its high potential for the synthesis of mono-fluorinated cyclopropanes and aziridines as useful three-membered rings. The synthetically useful salt 1 is readily prepared from α-fluorovinyl phenyl sulfide and diphenyl iodonium salt in one step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Hirotaki
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Saga University, Honjyo-machi 1, Saga 840-8502, Japan.
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12
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David E, Milanole G, Ivashkin P, Couve-Bonnaire S, Jubault P, Pannecoucke X. Syntheses and Applications of Monofluorinated Cyclopropanes. Chemistry 2012; 18:14904-17. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Khan MNA, Suzuki T, Miyata N. An overview of phenylcyclopropylamine derivatives: biochemical and biological significance and recent developments. Med Res Rev 2012; 33:873-910. [PMID: 22893613 DOI: 10.1002/med.21269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
trans-2-Phencylcyclopropylamine (2-PCPA), a potent, clinically used antidepressant, affects monoamine neurotransmitter levels by inhibiting the main metabolizing enzymes, monoamine oxidases (MAOs). However, the antidepressant action of this compound was not fully explained by its effects on MAOs due to its wide variety of biological effects. 2-PCPA also affects depression-associated pathophysiological pathways, and linked with increased levels of trace amines in brain, upregulation of GABAB receptors (where GABA is gamma amino butyric acid), modulation of phospholipid metabolism, and interference with various cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. Consequently, despite its adverse effects and limited clinical applicability, 2-PCPA has attracted interest as a structural scaffold for the development of mechanism-based inhibitors of various enzymes, including lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), which is a possible target for cancer chemotherapy. In the recent years, many reports have appeared in the literature based on 2-PCPA scaffold and their potential medicinal implications. This review mainly focuses on the medicinal chemistry aspects including drug design, structure-activity relationships (SAR), biological and biochemical properties, and mechanism of actions of 2-PCPA and its derivatives. Furthermore, we also highlight recent advance in this area and discuss their future applications for beneficial therapeutic effects.
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Wu K, Chen Y, Ma X, Cao W, Zhang H, Chen J. A Convenient Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing trans-1,2-Cyclopropane Derivatives from Semistabilized Arsonium Ylides. CHINESE J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201180444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Hugenberg V, Fröhlich R, Haufe G. Oxidative desulfurization–fluorination of thioethers. Application for the synthesis of fluorinated nitrogen containing building blocks. Org Biomol Chem 2010; 8:5682-91. [PMID: 20967318 DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00560f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Hugenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and European Institute for Molecular Imaging, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
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16
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Pietruszka J, Solduga G. Enantiomerically Pure Cyclopropylamines from Cyclopropylboronic Esters. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Fluorinated phenylcyclopropylamines. Part 6: Effects of electron withdrawing or donating aryl substituents on the inhibition of tyramine oxidase from Arthrobacter sp. by diastereomeric 2-aryl-2-fluoro-cyclopropylamines. J Fluor Chem 2009; 129:875-880. [PMID: 19727324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2008.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Diastereomeric arylcyclopropylamines substituted with fluorine in the 2-position and with electron donating or electron withdrawing groups at the aromatic ring were evaluated as inhibitors of microbial tyramine oxidase. The trans-isomers were consistently more potent inhibitors of the enzyme than the cis-isomers. Electron donating substituents increased the potency of tyramine oxidase inhibition, while electron withdrawing substituents decreased the activity. The results obtained are discussed in terms of pK(a) and log D values of the inhibitors as well as the mechanism of action of tranylcypromines and the geometry of the active site of the enzyme.
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Cho SJ, Jensen NH, Kurome T, Kadari S, Manzano ML, Malberg JE, Caldarone B, Roth BL, Kozikowski AP. Selective 5-hydroxytryptamine 2C receptor agonists derived from the lead compound tranylcypromine: identification of drugs with antidepressant-like action. J Med Chem 2009; 52:1885-902. [PMID: 19284718 DOI: 10.1021/jm801354e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report here the design, synthesis, and pharmacological properties of a series of compounds related to tranylcypromine (9), which itself was discovered as a lead compound in a high-throughput screening campaign. Starting from 9, which shows modest activity as a 5-HT(2C) agonist, a series of 1-aminomethyl-2-phenylcyclopropanes was investigated as 5-HT(2C) agonists through iterative structural modifications. Key pharmacophore feature of this new class of ligands is a 2-aminomethyl-trans-cyclopropyl side chain attached to a substituted benzene ring. Among the tested compounds, several were potent and efficacious 5-HT(2C) receptor agonists with selectivity over both 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(2B) receptors in functional assays. The most promising compound is 37, with 120- and 14-fold selectivity over 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(2B), respectively (EC(50) = 585, 65, and 4.8 nM at the 2A, 2B, and 2C subtypes, respectively). In animal studies, compound 37 (10-60 mg/kg) decreased immobility time in the mouse forced swim test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jin Cho
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7230, USA
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Li QH, Zhao ZG. Microwave-assisted synthesis of new N4-[bi-(4-fluorophenyl)-methyl]-piperazine thiosemicarbazones under solvent-free conditions. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2008.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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20
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Hruschka S, Rosen TC, Yoshida S, Kirk KL, Fröhlich R, Wibbeling B, Haufe G. Fluorinated phenylcyclopropylamines. Part 5: Effects of electron-withdrawing or -donating aryl substituents on the inhibition of monoamine oxidases A and B by 2-aryl-2-fluoro-cyclopropylamines. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:7148-66. [PMID: 18640844 PMCID: PMC2613070 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2008] [Revised: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 06/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of racemic, diastereoisomeric aryl cyclopropylamines substituted with fluorine in the 2-position and electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups on the aromatic ring have been prepared. These represent analogues of the classic MAO inhibitor tranylcypromine (trans-2-phenylcyclopropylamine, 1). Their activities as inhibitors of recombinant human liver monoamine oxidases A (MAO A) and B (MAO B) were determined. The trans-compounds were low micromolar inhibitors of both MAO A and MAO B with moderate MAO A selectivity while the less active cis-analogues were MAO B selective. In the trans-series, electron-withdrawing para-substituents increased the potency of MAO A inhibition while electron-donating groups such as methyl or methoxy had no influence on this activity. In contrast, aromatic ring substitution in the trans-series had essentially no effect on the inhibition of MAO B. The corresponding cis-compounds were shown to be 10-100 times less active against MAO A, while trans- and cis-compounds were quite similar in terms of inhibition of MAO B. The best MAO A/MAO B selectivity (7:1) in the trans-series was found for trans-2-fluoro-2-(para-trifluoromethylphenyl)cyclopropylamine (7d), while a 1:27 selectivity was found for cis-2-fluoro-2-(para-fluorophenyl)cyclopropylamine (10c). These results are discussed in connection with the pK(a) and logD values, the mechanism of action of tranylcypromines, and the geometry of the active site of the enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Hruschka
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and International NRW Graduate School of Chemistry, Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas C. Rosen
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and International NRW Graduate School of Chemistry, Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Shinichi Yoshida
- Tottori Institute of Industrial Technology, Tottori 689-1112, Japan
| | - Kenneth L. Kirk
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Roland Fröhlich
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and International NRW Graduate School of Chemistry, Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Birgit Wibbeling
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and International NRW Graduate School of Chemistry, Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Günter Haufe
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut and International NRW Graduate School of Chemistry, Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Cao W, Zhang H, Chen J, Deng H, Shao M, Lei L, Qian J, Zhu Y. A facile preparation of trans-1,2-cyclopropanes containing p-trifluoromethylphenyl group and its application to the construction of pyrazole and cyclopropane ring fused pyridazinone derivatives. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Hyla-Kryspin I, Grimme S, Hruschka S, Haufe G. Conformational preferences and basicities of monofluorinated cyclopropyl amines in comparison to cyclopropylamine and 2-fluoroethylamine. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:4167-75. [DOI: 10.1039/b810108f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Hruschka S, Fröhlich R, Kirsch P, Haufe G. Synthesis of New Enantiopure Fluorinated Phenylcyclopropanecarboxylates – Potential Chiral Dopants for Liquid-Crystal Compositions. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200600579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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25
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Ye S, Yoshida S, Fröhlich R, Haufe G, Kirk KL. Fluorinated phenylcyclopropylamines. Part 4: effects of aryl substituents and stereochemistry on the inhibition of monoamine oxidases by 1-aryl-2-fluoro-cyclopropylamines. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:2489-99. [PMID: 15755651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2004] [Accepted: 01/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of para-ring-substituted (E)- and (Z)-1-aryl-2-fluorocyclopropylamines were examined as inhibitors of recombinant human liver monoamine oxidase A (MAO A) and B (MAO B). Unlike the parent 1-phenylcyclopropylamine, which is a selective inhibitor of MAO B, both (E)- and (Z)-diastereomers of derivatives having fluorine at the 2-position of the cyclopropane ring were potent and selective irreversible inhibitors of MAO A. Both electron releasing groups (Me, OMe) and electron attracting groups (Cl, F) substituted in the para-position caused a modest increase in activity. Geminal difluoro-substitution caused a loss of potency of 100-fold compared to either (E)- or (Z)-monofluorinated analogue. Surprisingly, (1S,2R)-2-fluoro-1-phenylcyclopropylamine and the (1R,2S)-enantiomer were essential equally potent as inhibitors of MAO A and MAO B. None of the tested 1-aryl-2-fluorocyclopropylamines exhibited significant inhibition of tyramine oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Ye
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes, and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Vallejos G, Fierro A, Rezende MC, Sepúlveda-Boza S, Reyes-Parada M. Heteroarylisopropylamines as MAO inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:4450-7. [PMID: 15908219 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2005] [Revised: 04/18/2005] [Accepted: 04/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro monoamine oxidase inhibitory (MAOI) activities of 11 heteroarylisopropylamines vis-à-vis MAO-A and MAO-B were described and interpreted in terms of possible interactions with the enzyme active site. Molecular dynamics simulations allowed a comparison between the most active MAO-A inhibitor of the series, the 1-(2-benzofuryl)-2-aminopropane, and the specific, analogous MAO-A substrate serotonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Vallejos
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago, Chile
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Rosen TC, Yoshida S, Fröhlich R, Kirk KL, Haufe G. Fluorinated Phenylcyclopropylamines. 2. Effects of Aromatic Ring Substitution and of Absolute Configuration on Inhibition of Microbial Tyramine Oxidase. J Med Chem 2004; 47:5860-71. [PMID: 15537343 DOI: 10.1021/jm049957t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of para-substituted diastereopure cis- and trans-2-fluoro-2-arylcyclopropylamines were synthesized and these were investigated as inhibitors of microbial tyramine oxidase from Arthrobacter sp. All compounds were shown to be competitive inhibitors of this enzyme. The nature of the para-substituents in the more potent trans-isomer (cis-relationship between fluorine and the amino group) of 2-fluoro-2-arylcyclopropylamine influenced the inhibitory potency in a consistent fashion. Thus, electron-withdrawing groups (F, Cl) slightly decreased the activity, while the methyl group (+ I substituent) increased the activity by a factor of ca. 7 compared to trans-2-fluoro-2-phenylcyclopropylamine and by a factor of 90 compared to tranylcypromine. Activity also was strongly dependent on the absolute configuration. The (1S,2S)-enantiomer of 2-fluoro-2-phenylcyclopropylamine was an excellent inhibitor of tyramine oxidase whereas the (1R,2R)-enantiomer was essentially devoid of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Rosen
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 40, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Rosen TC, Yoshida S, Kirk KL, Haufe G. Fluorinated Phenylcyclopropylamines as Inhibitors of Monoamine Oxidases. Chembiochem 2004; 5:1033-43. [PMID: 15300824 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200400053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Rosen
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Yoshida S, Rosen TC, Meyer OGJ, Sloan MJ, Ye S, Haufe G, Kirk KL. Fluorinated phenylcyclopropylamines. Part 3: Inhibition of monoamine oxidase A and B. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:2645-52. [PMID: 15110846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2004] [Revised: 03/06/2004] [Accepted: 03/08/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Fluorinated phenylcyclopropylamines and alkylamines were examined as inhibitors of recombinant human liver monoamine oxidase A (MAO A) and B (MAO B). For a series of trans- and cis-2-fluoro-2-phenylcyclopropylamine analogues, the presence of fluorine attached to a cyclopropane ring was found to result in an increase in inhibitory activity towards both MAO A and B. In addition, p-substitution of electron-withdrawing groups such as Cl and F in the aromatic ring of the trans-isomers increased the inhibition of both enzymes. (1S,2S)-2-Fluoro-2-phenylcyclopropylamine was a more potent inhibitor of both MAO A and B than was the (1R,2R)-enantiomer, indicating that the presence of fluorine has no influence on the enantioselectivity of MAO inhibition, since a similar effect of stereochemistry has been reported for tranylcypromine. Interestingly, fluorination at the 2-position of 1-phenycyclopropylamine, which is known as a selective inhibitor of MAO B relative to MAO A, reversed the selectivity and resulted in a potent inhibitor selective for MAO A. All inhibitors showed time- and concentration-dependent inhibition for both enzymes, with the exception of trans-2-fluoro-2-phenylcyclopropyl ethylamine, which acts as a competitive and reversible MAO A selective inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Yoshida
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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