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Aicher D, Damunupola D, Stark CBW, Wiehe A, Brückner C. meso-Tetrahexyl-7,8-dihydroxychlorin and Its Conversion to ß-Modified Derivatives. Molecules 2024; 29:2144. [PMID: 38731635 PMCID: PMC11085094 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
meso-Tetrahexylporphyrin was converted to its corresponding 7,8-dihydroxychlorin using an osmium tetroxide-mediated dihydroxylation strategy. Its diol moiety was shown to be able to undergo a number of subsequent oxidation reactions to form a chlorin dione and porpholactone, the first meso-alkylporphyrin-based porphyrinoid containing a non-pyrrolic building block. Further, the diol chlorin was shown to be susceptible to dehydration, forming the porphyrin enol that is in equilibrium with its keto-chlorin form. The meso-hexylchlorin dione could be reduced and it underwent mono- and bis-methylation reactions using methyl-Grignard reagents, and trifluoromethylation using the Ruppert-Prakash reagent. The optical and spectroscopic properties of the products are discussed and contrasted to their corresponding meso-aryl derivatives (where known). This contribution establishes meso-tetrahexyl-7,8-dihydroxychlorins as a new and versatile class of chlorins that is susceptible to a broad range of conversions to generate functionalized chlorins and a pyrrole-modified chlorin analogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Aicher
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dinusha Damunupola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 N Eagleville Rd., Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA
| | - Christian B. W. Stark
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arno Wiehe
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 N Eagleville Rd., Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA
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2
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Wada T, Tachi Y, Toyota K, Kozaki M. Platinum octaethylporphyrin-diphenylanthracene dyad with an ethynylene linker. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Brégier F, Godard J, Thiais J, Bouramtane S, Moulin A, Champavier Y, Mailleau A, Chaleix V, Sol V. Regioselective reduction of 5-aryl-10,15,20-tris(pyridyl) porphyrin to 5-aryl-10,15,20-tris(pyridyl)dihydroporphyrin (chlorin). J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619501438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dihydroporphyrins or chlorins differ from porphyrins only by saturation of a peripheral double bond of the macrocycle. However, this small structural difference leads to a significant increase of the absorption band at approximately 650 nm, which makes them very interesting candidates for photodynamic therapy applications. The reduction of porphyrins bearing two, three or four pyridyl substituents with tin(II) chloride has been developed for the synthesis of dihydroporphyrins in yields of 15–73%. The reduction of 5-(aryl)-10,15,20-tris(2 or 4-pyridyl)porphyrin with tin(II) chloride dihydrate demonstrated good regioselectivity. Porphyrins with one meso-aryl bearing one electron-donating group (EDG) gave 5-aryl-10,15,20-tris(2- or 4-pyridyl)-17,18-dihydroporphyrins in 17–72% yield. Porphyrins with one meso-aryl bearing one or more electron-withdrawing groups (EWG) gave 5-aryl-10,15,20-tris(4-pyridyl)-17,18-dihydroporphyrins or 5-aryl-10,15,20-tris(4-pyridyl)-7,8-dihydroporphyrins in 15–21% yield and isobacteriochlorin. We have also proven the possibility of functionalizing these compounds to design new regioisomerically pure photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédérique Brégier
- Université de Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Jérémy Godard
- Université de Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Jordan Thiais
- Université de Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Soukaina Bouramtane
- Université de Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Alexia Moulin
- Université de Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Yves Champavier
- BISCEm, FR3503 GEIST, Centre de Biologie et de Recherche en Santé (CBRS), 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Alexis Mailleau
- BISCEm, FR3503 GEIST, Centre de Biologie et de Recherche en Santé (CBRS), 2 rue du Dr Marcland, 87025 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Chaleix
- Université de Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Vincent Sol
- Université de Limoges, PEIRENE, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges Cedex, France
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4
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Billamboz M, Banaszak E, Rigo B. Tuning the Selectivity: Study of Solvent-Free Acid-Mediated Pinacolic-Pinacolone Rearrangement under Microwave Irradiation. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Billamboz
- Ecole des Hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur (HEI); Yncréa Hauts-de-France; UCLille Laboratoire de Pharmacochimie; 13 rue de Toul - F-59046 Lille France
- TIMR UTC-ESCOM EA4297; 1 allée du Réseau Jean-Marie Buckmaster 60200 Compiègne France
| | - Estelle Banaszak
- TIMR UTC-ESCOM EA4297; 1 allée du Réseau Jean-Marie Buckmaster 60200 Compiègne France
| | - Benoît Rigo
- Ecole des Hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur (HEI); Yncréa Hauts-de-France; UCLille Laboratoire de Pharmacochimie; 13 rue de Toul - F-59046 Lille France
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5
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Liu M, Chen CY, Hood D, Taniguchi M, Diers JR, Bocian DF, Holten D, Lindsey JS. Synthesis, photophysics and electronic structure of oxobacteriochlorins. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj04135c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic oxobacteriochlorins exhibit strong absorption in the deep-red window flanked by chlorins to the red and bacteriochlorins to the near-infrared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengran Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Chih-Yuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Don Hood
- Department of Chemistry
- Washington University
- St. Louis
- USA
| | | | - James R. Diers
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Riverside
- USA
| | | | - Dewey Holten
- Department of Chemistry
- Washington University
- St. Louis
- USA
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6
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Taniguchi M, Lindsey JS. Synthetic Chlorins, Possible Surrogates for Chlorophylls, Prepared by Derivatization of Porphyrins. Chem Rev 2016; 117:344-535. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Taniguchi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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7
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Sharma M, Meehan E, Mercado BQ, Brückner C. β-Alkyloxazolochlorins: Revisiting the Ozonation of Octaalkylporphyrins, and Beyond. Chemistry 2016; 22:11706-18. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Sharma
- Department of Chemistry; University of Connecticut; Storrs CT 06269-3060 USA
| | - Eileen Meehan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Connecticut; Storrs CT 06269-3060 USA
| | - Brandon Q. Mercado
- Chemical & Biophysical Instrumentation Center; Yale University, Chemistry Department; 350 Edwards St. New Haven CT 06511 USA
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry; University of Connecticut; Storrs CT 06269-3060 USA
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8
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Vairaprakash P, Yang E, Sahin T, Taniguchi M, Krayer M, Diers JR, Wang A, Niedzwiedzki DM, Kirmaier C, Lindsey JS, Bocian DF, Holten D. Extending the Short and Long Wavelength Limits of Bacteriochlorin Near-Infrared Absorption via Dioxo- and Bisimide-Functionalization. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:4382-95. [DOI: 10.1021/jp512818g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pothiappan Vairaprakash
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Eunkyung Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, United States
| | - Tuba Sahin
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Masahiko Taniguchi
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Michael Krayer
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - James R. Diers
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
| | - Alfred Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, United States
| | - Dariusz M. Niedzwiedzki
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, United States
- Photosynthetic
Antenna Research Center, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, United States
| | - Christine Kirmaier
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Lindsey
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - David F. Bocian
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
| | - Dewey Holten
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, United States
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Bruhn
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
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10
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Yu Y, Furuyama T, Tang J, Wu ZY, Chen JZ, Kobayashi N, Zhang JL. Stable iso-bacteriochlorin mimics from porpholactone: effect of a β-oxazolone moiety on the frontier π-molecular orbitals. Inorg Chem Front 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qi00054h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A β-oxazolone moiety on porpholactone plays an important role in stabilizing such hydroporphyrin structures through tuning energy gaps between the frontier π-molecular orbitals, which is verified by MCD studies combined with TD-DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Taniyuki Furuyama
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Juan Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Zhuo-Yan Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Jia-Zhen Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Jun-Long Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
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11
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Zhang CP, Chen QY, Guo Y, Xiao JC, Gu YC. Progress in fluoroalkylation of organic compounds via sulfinatodehalogenation initiation system. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:4536-59. [PMID: 22511113 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs15352a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The sulfinatodehalogenation reaction represents one of the most important methodologies to incorporate fluorine into organic molecules. Using inexpensive sulfur-containing reactants such as Na(2)S(2)O(4) under mild conditions, per- and polyfluoroalkyl halides (R(F)X, X = Br, I, CCl(3)) can be transformed smoothly into the corresponding sulfinate salts. This method is also used for the perfluoroalkylation of alkenes, dienes, alkynes and aromatics. Notably, after 1998, the sulfinatodehalogenation of perfluoroalkyl chlorides (R(F)Cl) has been realized by using dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as a solvent instead of CH(3)CN/H(2)O in the Na(2)S(2)O(4)/NaHCO(3) initiation system. Perfluoroalkyl chlorides, ethyl chlorofluoroacetates and chlorodifluoroacetates, and even nonfluorinated compounds, such as ethyl chloro- or dichloroacetates and chloroform, were either converted into the corresponding sulfinate salts or alkylated alkenes, alkynes and aromatics (including porphyrins). The sulfinatodehalogenation reaction has remarkable advantages. With the increasing demands to utilize the unique properties of fluorine and fluorinated functional groups in medicinal, agricultural and material sciences, we believe that there will continue to be useful developments in sulfinatodehalogenation chemistry and it will be applied more widely in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Pan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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12
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Morozova YV, Yashunsky DV, Starikova ZA, Ponomarev GV. Chemical transformation of 1,2-oxazinochlorin derivatives: synthesis and X-ray crystal structure of a novel porphyrin-porphyrin dimer with a condensed cyclohexane ring. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424607000059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Base-assisted ring opening in 1,2-oxazinochlorin derivatives led selectively to the corresponding meso-cyanohydroxychlorin derivatives. The latter could then undergo acid-mediated carbocation formation followed by nucleophilic treatment to give different products, depending on the nature of the nucleophile reagent. Treatment of (E)- and/or (Z)-2-ethylidene-3-hydroxy-5-cyano-3,7,8,12,13,17,18-heptaethylchlorin nickel complex with a mixture of 5% trifluoroacetic acid and dichloromethane yielded a novel type porphyrin-porphyrin dimer with a condensed cyclohexane ring in an almost quantitative yield. The structure of this dimer was determined by single crystal X-ray analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya V. Morozova
- Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry RAMS, Pogodinskaya str. 10, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Yashunsky
- Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry RAMS, Pogodinskaya str. 10, Moscow 119121, Russia
| | - Zoya A. Starikova
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAN, Vavilova str. 28, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Gelii V. Ponomarev
- Research Institute of Biomedical Chemistry RAMS, Pogodinskaya str. 10, Moscow 119121, Russia
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13
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Joshi P, Ethirajan M, Goswami LN, Srivatsan A, Missert JR, Pandey RK. Synthesis, spectroscopic, and in vitro photosensitizing efficacy of ketobacteriochlorins derived from ring-B and ring-D reduced chlorins via pinacol-pinacolone rearrangement. J Org Chem 2011; 76:8629-40. [PMID: 21955163 DOI: 10.1021/jo201688c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we present a regioselective oxidation of a series bacteriochlorins, which on reacting with either ferric chloride (FeCl(3)) or 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ) yielded the corresponding ring-B or ring-D reduced chlorins. The effect of the number of electron-withdrawing groups present at the peripheral position, with or without a fused isocyclic ring (ring-E), did not make any significant difference in regioselective oxidation of the pyrrole rings. However, depending on the nature of substituents, the intermediate bis-dihydroxy bacteriochlorins on subjecting to pinacol-pinacolone reaction conditions gave various ketochlorins. The introduction of the keto-group at a particular position in the molecule possibly depends on the stability of the intermediate carbocation species. The newly synthesized bacteriochlorins show strong long-wavelength absorption and produced significant in vitro (Colon26 cells) photosensitizing ability. Among the compounds tested, the bacteriochlorins containing a keto-group at position 7 of ring-B with cleaved five-member isocyclic ring showed the best efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny Joshi
- Chemistry Division, PDT Center, Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, United States
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14
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Synthesis of β-functionalized Temoporfin derivatives for an application in photodynamic therapy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:5808-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.07.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Jiang HW, Hao F, Chen QY, Xiao JC, Liu SB, Gu YC. Electrophilic Reaction of Ag(III) N-Confused Porphyrin with Alcohols. J Org Chem 2010; 75:3511-4. [DOI: 10.1021/jo1004229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road 200032, P. R. China
| | - Fei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road 200032, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road 200032, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Chang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road 200032, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Bin Liu
- Research Computing Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3420
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta, Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K
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16
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Pavlov VY. Modern aspects of the Chemistry of protoporphyrin IX. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428007010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Fluorinated photosensitizers: synthesis, photophysical, electrochemical, intracellular localization, in vitro photosensitizing efficacy and determination of tumor-uptake by 19F in vivo NMR spectroscopy. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2003.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Jin LM, Zeng Z, Guo CC, Chen QY. Fluoroalkylation of porphyrins: synthesis and reactions of beta-fluoroalkyltetraarylporphyrins. J Org Chem 2003; 68:3912-7. [PMID: 12737571 DOI: 10.1021/jo0207269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of 5,10,15,20-tetraarylporphyrins (1) with perfluoroalkyl iodides (2) in the presence of Na(2)S(2)O(4)/NaHCO(3) in DMSO-CH(2)Cl(2) at 30-40 degrees C for several hours gives the corresponding 2-perfluoroalkylporphyrins (3). Nucleophilic attack on 3 with dimethyl malonate, diethyl malonate, malonitrile, or cyano acetate (Nu) anion results in the formation of (E)-3-Nu-2-perfuoroalkyl(methylenyl)chlorins. Electrophilic substitution on 3 with NBS or NO(2) affords regioselectively the corresponding 12(or 13)-bromo- and 12,13-dibromo- or nitroporphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Mei Jin
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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