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Talreja-Muthreja T, Linnow K, Enke D, Steiger M. Deliquescence of NaCl Confined in Nanoporous Silica. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:10963-10974. [PMID: 36037488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The deliquescence behavior of salt nanocrystals is different from that of bulk crystals. Here, we report the first systematic measurements of the deliquescence relative humidity (DRH) of sodium chloride crystals confined in various nanoporous silica materials with pore diameters ranging from 8 to 89 nm. Deliquescence humidities were determined by water vapor sorption measurements. In comparison to the DRH of bulk NaCl crystals (75.3% RH), the DRH decreases from 73 to 58% as the pore size decreases from 89 to 8 nm. In contrast, according to literature data, the DRH of NaCl aerosol nanoparticles increases with decreasing crystal size. A thermodynamic model approach, based on the combined use of an ion-interaction model, the Laplace equation, and the Kelvin equation, is used to calculate the influence of the confinement in nanopores on the solid-liquid and liquid-vapor phase equilibria. These calculations reveal that the main reason for the decrease in the DRH in nanopores is the concave curvature of the liquid-vapor interface that is formed during deliquescence. The same model approach shows that the increase in DRH of nanosized aerosol particles is due to the convex curvature of the liquid-vapor interface, whereas the effect of increases in solubility with decreasing crystal size is small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Talreja-Muthreja
- University of Hamburg, Department of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Linnow
- University of Hamburg, Department of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Enke
- University of Leipzig, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Linnéstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Steiger
- University of Hamburg, Department of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Lee J, Clowers BH, Hogan CJ. Condensable Vapor Sorption by Low Charge State Protein Ions. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7050-7059. [PMID: 35500255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of the gas-phase ion mobility of proteins provides a means to quantitatively assess the relative sizes of charged proteins. However, protein ion mobility measurements are typically singular values. Here, we apply tandem mobility analysis to low charge state protein ions (+1 and +2 ions) introduced into the gas phase by nanodroplet nebulization. We first determine protein ion mobilities in dry air and subsequently examine shifts in mobilities brought about by the clustering of vapor molecules. Tandem mobility analysis yields mobility-vapor concentration curves for each protein ion, expanding the information obtained from mobility analysis. This experimental procedure and analysis is extended to bovine serum albumin, transferrin, immunoglobulin G, and apoferritin with water, 1-butanol, and nonane. All protein ions appear to adsorb vapor molecules, with mobility "diameter" shifts of up to 6-7% at conditions just below vapor saturation. We parametrize results using κ-Köhler theory, where the term κ quantifies the extent of uptake beyond Köhler model expectations. For 1-butanol and nonane, κ decreases with increasing protein ion size, while it increases with increasing protein ion size for water. For the systems probed, the extent of mobility shift for the organic vapors is unaffected by the nebulized solution pH, while shifts with water are sensitive to pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyeon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Brian H Clowers
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Christopher J Hogan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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3
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Kuai Y, Xie Z, Chen J, Gui H, Xu L, Kuang C, Wang P, Liu X, Liu J, Lakowicz JR, Zhang D. Real-Time Measurement of the Hygroscopic Growth Dynamics of Single Aerosol Nanoparticles with Bloch Surface Wave Microscopy. ACS NANO 2020; 14:9136-9144. [PMID: 32649174 PMCID: PMC7673255 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The growth in aerosol particles caused by water uptake during increasing ambient relative humidity alters the physical and chemical properties of aerosols, which then affects public health, atmospheric chemistry, and the Earth's climate. The temporal resolution and sensitivity of current techniques are not sufficient to measure the growth dynamics of single aerosol nanoparticles. Additionally, the specific time required for phase transition from solid to aqueous has not been measured. Here, we describe a label-free photonic microscope that uses the Bloch surface waves as the illumination source for imaging and sensing to provide real-time measurements of the hygroscopic growth dynamics of a single aerosol (diameter <100 nm) containing the main components of air pollution. This specific time can be measured for both pure and mixed aerosols, showing that organics will delay the phase transition. This photonic microscope can be extended to investigate physicochemical reactions of various aerosols, and then knowing this specific time will be favorable for understanding the reaction kinetics among single aerosols and the surrounding medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Kuai
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province and Institute of Photonics, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhibo Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Junxue Chen
- School of Science, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China
| | - Huaqiao Gui
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Liang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Cuifang Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province and Institute of Photonics, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Joseph R Lakowicz
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Douguo Zhang
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province and Institute of Photonics, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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4
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Adsorption Capacities of Hygroscopic Materials Based on NaCl-TiO 2 and NaCl-SiO 2 Core/Shell Particles. JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/3683629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hygroscopic materials which possess high moisture adsorption capacity were successfully upgraded by the functionalization of sodium chloride (NaCl) using two nuances of oxides. A procedure was developed to first prepare submicron-sized NaCl crystals; thereafter, these crystals were coated by choice of either titanium dioxide (TiO2) or silica (SiO2) to enhance the hygroscopic properties of NaCl and prevent its premature deliquescence. After coating, several analytical techniques were employed to evaluate the obtained composite materials. Our findings revealed that both composites NaCl-TiO2 and NaCl-SiO2 gave excellent performances by exhibiting interesting hydrophilic properties, compared to the sole NaCl. This was demonstrated by both environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) and water vapor adsorption experiments. In particular, NaCl-TiO2 composite showed the highest water adsorption capacity at low relative humidity and at a faster adsorption rate, induced by the high surface energy owing to the presence of TiO2. This result was also confirmed by the kinetics of adsorption, which revealed that not only does NaCl-TiO2 adsorb more water vapor than NaCl-SiO2 or sole NaCl but also the adsorption occurred at a much higher rate. While at room temperature and high relative humidity, the NaCl-SiO2 composite showed the best adsorption properties making it ideal to be used as a hygroscopic material, showing maximum adsorption performance compared to NaCl-TiO2 or sole NaCl. Therefore, NaCl-TiO2 and NaCl-SiO2 composites could be considered as promising hygroscopic materials and potential candidates to replace the existing salt seeding agents.
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5
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Zhao Z, Kong K, Wang S, Zhou Y, Cheng D, Wang W, Zeng XC, Li H. Understanding Hygroscopic Nucleation of Sulfate Aerosols: Combination of Molecular Dynamics Simulation with Classical Nucleation Theory. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:1126-1132. [PMID: 30798591 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a combined molecular dynamics (MD) and classical nucleation theory (CNT) approach to address many issues regarding the nucleation of inorganic aerosols. By taking parameters from MD simulations, we find the CNT predicts fairly reasonable free-energy profiles for the hygroscopic nucleation of aerosols. Moreover, we find that the ionization of sulfates can play a key role in stabilizing aqueous clusters and that both the size of the critical nucleus and the nucleation barrier can be significantly lowered by the H2SO4 and NH4HSO4, whereas the effect of NH3 on nucleation is negligible. NH4HSO4 provides stronger enhancement effect to aerosol formation than H2SO4. In view of the consistency between the theoretical prediction and experimental observation, the combination of MD simulation and CNT appears to be a valuable approach to gain deeper understanding of how aerosol nucleation is affected by different chemical species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Kewei Kong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Shixian Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Yingcheng Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Daojian Cheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Wenchuan Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States
| | - Hui Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
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6
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Thomas DA, Coggon MM, Lignell H, Schilling KA, Zhang X, Schwantes RH, Flagan RC, Seinfeld JH, Beauchamp JL. Real-Time Studies of Iron Oxalate-Mediated Oxidation of Glycolaldehyde as a Model for Photochemical Aging of Aqueous Tropospheric Aerosols. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:12241-12249. [PMID: 27731989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b03588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The complexation of iron(III) with oxalic acid in aqueous solution yields a strongly absorbing chromophore that undergoes efficient photodissociation to give iron(II) and the carbon dioxide anion radical. Importantly, iron(III) oxalate complexes absorb near-UV radiation (λ > 350 nm), providing a potentially powerful source of oxidants in aqueous tropospheric chemistry. Although this photochemical system has been studied extensively, the mechanistic details associated with its role in the oxidation of dissolved organic matter within aqueous aerosol remain largely unknown. This study utilizes glycolaldehyde as a model organic species to examine the oxidation pathways and evolution of organic aerosol initiated by the photodissociation of aqueous iron(III) oxalate complexes. Hanging droplets (radius 1 mm) containing iron(III), oxalic acid, glycolaldehyde, and ammonium sulfate (pH ∼3) are exposed to irradiation at 365 nm and sampled at discrete time points utilizing field-induced droplet ionization mass spectrometry (FIDI-MS). Glycolaldehyde is found to undergo rapid oxidation to form glyoxal, glycolic acid, and glyoxylic acid, but the formation of high molecular weight oligomers is not observed. For comparison, particle-phase experiments conducted in a laboratory chamber explore the reactive uptake of gas-phase glycolaldehyde onto aqueous seed aerosol containing iron and oxalic acid. The presence of iron oxalate in seed aerosol is found to inhibit aerosol growth. These results suggest that photodissociation of iron(III) oxalate can lead to the formation of volatile oxidation products in tropospheric aqueous aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Thomas
- Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Matthew M Coggon
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Hanna Lignell
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Environmental Science and Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Katherine A Schilling
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Environmental Science and Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Rebecca H Schwantes
- Environmental Science and Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Richard C Flagan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Environmental Science and Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - John H Seinfeld
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Environmental Science and Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - J L Beauchamp
- Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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7
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Lavi A, Segre E, Gomez-Hernandez M, Zhang R, Rudich Y. Volatility of Atmospherically Relevant Alkylaminium Carboxylate Salts. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:4336-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jp507320v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avi Lavi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science and ‡Physical Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences and ∥Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Enrico Segre
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science and ‡Physical Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences and ∥Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Mario Gomez-Hernandez
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science and ‡Physical Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences and ∥Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Renyi Zhang
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science and ‡Physical Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences and ∥Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science and ‡Physical Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences and ∥Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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8
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A novel approach to the theory of homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 215:13-27. [PMID: 25498347 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A new approach to the theory of nucleation, formulated relatively recently by Ruckenstein, Narsimhan, and Nowakowski (see Refs. [7-16]) and developed further by Ruckenstein and other colleagues, is presented. In contrast to the classical nucleation theory, which is based on calculating the free energy of formation of a cluster of the new phase as a function of its size on the basis of macroscopic thermodynamics, the proposed theory uses the kinetic theory of fluids to calculate the condensation (W(+)) and dissociation (W(-)) rates on and from the surface of the cluster, respectively. The dissociation rate of a monomer from a cluster is evaluated from the average time spent by a surface monomer in the potential well as obtained from the solution of the Fokker-Planck equation in the phase space of position and momentum for liquid-to-solid transition and the phase space of energy for vapor-to-liquid transition. The condensation rates are calculated using traditional expressions. The knowledge of those two rates allows one to calculate the size of the critical cluster from the equality W(+)=W(-) as well as the rate of nucleation. The developed microscopic approach allows one to avoid the controversial application of classical thermodynamics to the description of nuclei which contain a few molecules. The new theory was applied to a number of cases, such as the liquid-to-solid and vapor-to-liquid phase transitions, binary nucleation, heterogeneous nucleation, nucleation on soluble particles and protein folding. The theory predicts higher nucleation rates at high saturation ratios (small critical clusters) than the classical nucleation theory for both solid-to-liquid as well as vapor-to-liquid transitions. As expected, at low saturation ratios for which the size of the critical cluster is large, the results of the new theory are consistent with those of the classical one. The present approach was combined with the density functional theory to account for the density profile in the cluster. This approach was also applied to protein folding, viewed as the evolution of a cluster of native residues of spherical shape within a protein molecule, which could explain protein folding/unfolding and their dependence on temperature.
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9
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Smith ML, You Y, Kuwata M, Bertram AK, Martin ST. Phase Transitions and Phase Miscibility of Mixed Particles of Ammonium Sulfate, Toluene-Derived Secondary Organic Material, and Water. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:8895-906. [DOI: 10.1021/jp405095e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuan You
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | | | - Allan K. Bertram
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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10
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Nguyen TB, Coggon MM, Flagan RC, Seinfeld JH. Reactive uptake and photo-Fenton oxidation of glycolaldehyde in aerosol liquid water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:4307-4316. [PMID: 23557515 DOI: 10.1021/es400538j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The reactive uptake and aqueous oxidation of glycolaldehyde were examined in a photochemical flow reactor using hydrated ammonium sulfate (AS) seed aerosols at RH = 80%. The glycolaldehyde that partitioned into the aerosol liquid water was oxidized via two mechanisms that may produce aqueous OH: hydrogen peroxide photolysis (H2O2 + hν) and the photo-Fenton reaction (Fe (II) + H2O2 + hν). The uptake of 80 (±10) ppb glycolaldehyde produced 2-4 wt % organic aerosol mass in the dark (kH* = (2.09-4.17) × 10(6) M atm(-1)), and the presence of an OH source increased the aqueous uptake by a factor of 4. Although the uptake was similar in both OH-aging mechanisms, photo-Fenton significantly increased the degree of oxidation (O/C = 0.9) of the aerosols compared to H2O2 photolysis (O/C = 0.5). Aerosol organics oxidized by photo-Fenton and H2O2 photolysis resemble ambient "aged" and "fresh" OA, respectively, after the equivalent of 2 h atmospheric aging. No uptake or changes in particle composition occurred on dry seed aerosol. This work illustrates that photo-Fenton chemistry efficiently forms highly oxidized organic mass in aerosol liquid water, providing a possible mechanism to bridge the gap between bulk-phase experiments and ambient particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Nguyen
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA.
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11
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Hamed A, Korhonen H, Sihto SL, Joutsensaari J, Järvinen H, Petäjä T, Arnold F, Nieminen T, Kulmala M, Smith JN, Lehtinen KEJ, Laaksonen A. The role of relative humidity in continental new particle formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Shchekin AK, Shabaev IV. Activation barriers for the complete dissolution of condensation nucleus and its reverse crystallization in droplets in the undersaturated solvent vapor. COLLOID JOURNAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x1003018x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Ma Q, Liu Y, He H. The Utilization of Physisorption Analyzer for Studying the Hygroscopic Properties of Atmospheric Relevant Particles. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:4232-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp909340v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingxin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yongchun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hong He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
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14
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Harmon CW, Grimm RL, McIntire TM, Peterson MD, Njegic B, Angel VM, Alshawa A, Underwood JS, Tobias DJ, Gerber RB, Gordon MS, Hemminger JC, Nizkorodov SA. Hygroscopic Growth and Deliquescence of NaCl Nanoparticles Mixed with Surfactant SDS. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:2435-49. [DOI: 10.1021/jp909661q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W. Harmon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025; Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111
| | - Ronald L. Grimm
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025; Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111
| | - Theresa M. McIntire
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025; Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111
| | - Mark D. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025; Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111
| | - Bosiljka Njegic
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025; Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111
| | - Vanessa M. Angel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025; Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111
| | - Ahmad Alshawa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025; Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111
| | - Joelle S. Underwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025; Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111
| | - Douglas J. Tobias
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025; Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111
| | - R. Benny Gerber
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025; Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111
| | - Mark S. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025; Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111
| | - John C. Hemminger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025; Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111
| | - Sergey A. Nizkorodov
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025; Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; and Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-3111
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15
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Park K, Kim JS, Park SH. Measurements of hygroscopicity and volatility of atmospheric ultrafine particles during ultrafine particle formation events at urban, industrial, and coastal sites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:6710-6716. [PMID: 19764239 DOI: 10.1021/es900398q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The tandem differential mobility analyzer (TDMA) technique was applied to determine the hygroscopicity and volatility of atmospheric ultrafine particles in three sites of urban Gwangju, industrial Yeosu, and coastal Taean in South Korea. A database for the hygroscopicity and volatility of the known compositions and sizes of the laboratory-generated particles wasfirst constructed for comparison with the measured properties of atmospheric ultrafine particles. Distinct differences in hygroscopicity and volatility of atmospheric ultrafine particles werefound between a "photochemical event" and a "combustion event" as well as among different sites. At the Gwangju site, ultrafine particles in the "photochemical event" were determined to be more hygroscopic (growth factor (GF) = 1.05-1.33) than those in the "combustion event" (GF = 1.02-1.12), but their hygroscopicity was not as high as pure ammonium sulfate or sulfuric acid particles in the laboratory-generated database, suggesting they were internally mixed with less soluble species. Ultrafine particles in the "photochemical event" at the Yeosu site, having a variety of SO2, CO, and VOC emission sources, were more hygroscopic (GF = 1.34-1.60) and had a higher amount of volatile species (47-75%)than those observed at the Gwangju site. Ultrafine particle concentration at the Taean site increased during daylight hours with low tide, having a higher GF (1.34-1.80) than the Gwangju site and a lower amount of volatile species (17-34%) than the Yeosu site. Occasionally ultrafine particles were externally mixed according to their hygroscopicity and volatility, and TEM/EDS data showed that each type of particle had a distinct morphology and elemental composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihong Park
- Research Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnology, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea.
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16
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Alshawa A, Dopfer O, Harmon CW, Nizkorodov SA, Underwood JS. Hygroscopic Growth and Deliquescence of NaCl Nanoparticles Coated with Surfactant AOT. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:7678-86. [DOI: 10.1021/jp809869r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Alshawa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, and Institut fuer Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universitaet Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, and Institut fuer Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universitaet Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher W. Harmon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, and Institut fuer Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universitaet Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergey A. Nizkorodov
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, and Institut fuer Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universitaet Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joelle S. Underwood
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, and Institut fuer Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universitaet Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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17
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McGraw R, Lewis ER. Deliquescence and efflorescence of small particles. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:194705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3251056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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18
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Shchekin AK, Shabaev IV, Rusanov AI. Thermodynamics of droplet formation around a soluble condensation nucleus in the atmosphere of a solvent vapor. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:214111. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3021078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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19
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Wang LY, Ding F, Zhang YH, Zhao LJ, Hu YA. Anomalous hygroscopic growth of fine particles of MgSO4 aerosols investigated by FTIR/ATR spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2008; 71:682-687. [PMID: 18321774 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2008.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2007] [Revised: 01/06/2008] [Accepted: 01/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates an approach for investigating the hygroscopic growth of MgSO4 aerosols deposited on ZnSe substrate by using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (FTIR/ATR) spectroscopy. The experimental setup based upon a refitted standard FTIR/ATR accessory was adopted for the hygroscopic study of aerosols. It has been found that the "predeliquescence" of fine MgSO4 aerosol particles with the mean spreading diameter around 500 nm occurred before roughly 15% RH. In contrast, the abrupt water absorption of coarse MgSO4 particles with the mean diameter larger than about 10 microm was reported to occur at roughly 42% RH, which was reproduced in this study. Up to now, both theoretical and experimental investigations were rare and immature for fine particles, but the method we used in this study worked very well for the fine particles of MgSO4 aerosols. It has been found that the possible reason for the "predeliquescence" fine particles of MgSO4 aerosols is that the initial state or phase of fine particles is different from coarse ones after desiccation. This research demonstrates that the approach based on the ATR technique is very convenient, accurate and requires only a little amount of lab supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Yu Wang
- The Institute for Chemical Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
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20
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Zhao LJ, Wang F, Zhang K, Zeng QX, Zhang YH. Deliquescence and Efflorescence Processes of Aerosol Particles Studied byin situFTIR and Raman Spectroscopy. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2008. [DOI: 10.1088/1674-0068/21/01/1-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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21
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Liu Y, Yang Z, Desyaterik Y, Gassman PL, Wang H, Laskin A. Hygroscopic Behavior of Substrate-Deposited Particles Studied by micro-FT-IR Spectroscopy and Complementary Methods of Particle Analysis. Anal Chem 2008; 80:633-42. [DOI: 10.1021/ac701638r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, and Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Zhiwei Yang
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, and Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Yury Desyaterik
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, and Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Paul L. Gassman
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, and Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Hai Wang
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, and Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Alexander Laskin
- William R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, and Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
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22
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Bahadur R, Russell LM. Water uptake coefficients and deliquescence of NaCl nanoparticles at atmospheric relative humidities from molecular dynamics simulations. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:094508. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2971040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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23
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Khvorostyanov VI, Curry JA. Refinements to the Köhler's theory of aerosol equilibrium radii, size spectra, and droplet activation: Effects of humidity and insoluble fraction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Gao Y, Yu LE, Chen SB. Theoretical Investigation of Substrate Effect on Deliquescence Relative Humidity of NaCl Particles. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:633-9. [PMID: 17249753 DOI: 10.1021/jp0654967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A theoretical investigation is conducted for the first time to explore the deliquescence of particles deposited on a substrate. The formulation incorporates the Kelvin effect with the assumption that the dry and wet particles are both spherical caps in shape. Unlike the deposited particles larger than 500 nm, the deliquescence relative humidity (DRH) of smaller particles can substantially depend on the particle size, the contact angles, and the surface tension between the particle and the atmosphere. At certain contact angles, small particles depositing on a substrate could deliquesce at a much lower RH, posing a potential corrosion problem for metallic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Gao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576
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25
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Mochida M, Kuwata M, Miyakawa T, Takegawa N, Kawamura K, Kondo Y. Relationship between hygroscopicity and cloud condensation nuclei activity for urban aerosols in Tokyo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Mochida
- Institute of Low Temperature Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
| | - Mikinori Kuwata
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Takuma Miyakawa
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takegawa
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kimitaka Kawamura
- Institute of Low Temperature Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
| | - Yutaka Kondo
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
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26
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Grose M, Sakurai H, Savstrom J, Stolzenburg MR, Watts WF, Morgan CG, Murray IP, Twigg MV, Kittelson DB, McMurry PH. Chemical and physical properties of ultrafine diesel exhaust particles sampled downstream of a catalytic trap. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2006; 40:5502-7. [PMID: 16999131 DOI: 10.1021/es052267+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The chemical and physical properties of exhaust particles produced by a Caterpillar 3176 C-12 heavy duty diesel engine equipped with a catalytic trap (CRT) are reported. The engine was operated at 600 Nm and 1500 rpm, using fuels containing 15 and 49 ppm sulfur. A two-stage dilution tunnel designed to simulate the reactions that occur when hot combustion products mix with cooler atmospheric air was used. Particle size distributions were measured using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) and nano-scanning mobility particle sizer (nano SMPS); a nanomicro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (nano MOUDI) collected size-resolved samples for gravimetric and chemical analysis. A nanometer tandem differential mobility analyzer (nano TDMA) was used to measure the volatility and hygroscopicity of 4-15 nm particles. These measurements confirm that the particles consisted primarily of sulfates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Grose
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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27
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Djikaev YS, Ruckenstein E. A kinetic approach to the theory of heterogeneous nucleation on soluble particles during the deliquescence stage. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:194709. [PMID: 16729836 DOI: 10.1063/1.2202326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Deliquescence is the dissolution of a solid nucleus in a liquid film formed on the nucleus due to vapor condensation. Previously, the kinetics of deliquescence was examined in the framework of the capillarity approximation which involves the thermodynamic interfacial tensions for a thin film and the approximation of uniform density therein. In the present paper we propose a kinetic approach to the theory of deliquescence which avoids the use of the above macroscopic quantities for thin films. The rates of emission of molecules from the liquid film into the vapor and from the solid core into the liquid film are determined through a first passage time analysis whereas the respective rates of absorption are calculated through the gas kinetic theory. The first passage time is obtained by solving the single-molecule master equation for the probability distribution of a "surface" molecule moving in a potential field created by the cluster. Furthermore, the time evolution of the liquid film around the solid core is described by means of two mass balance equations which involve the rates of absorption and emission of molecules by the film at its two interfaces. When the deliquescence of an ensemble of solid particles occurs by means of large fluctuations, the time evolution of the distribution of composite droplets (liquid film+solid core) with respect to the independent variables of state is governed by a Fokker-Planck kinetic equation. When both the vapor and the solid soluble particles are single component, this equation has the form of the kinetic equation of binary nucleation. A steady-state solution for this equation is obtained by the method of separation of variables. The theory is illustrated with numerical calculation regarding the deliquescence of spherical particles in a water vapor with intermolecular interactions of the Lennard-Jones kind. The new approach allows one to qualitatively explain an important feature of experimental data on deliquescence, namely the occurrence of nonsharp deliquescence, a feature that the previous deliquescence theory based on classical thermodynamics could not account for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Djikaev
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
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28
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Ming Y, Russell LM. Thermodynamic equilibrium of organic-electrolyte mixtures in aerosol particles. AIChE J 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.690480619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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29
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Hämeri K, Charlson R, Hansson HC. Hygroscopic properties of mixed ammonium sulfate and carboxylic acids particles. AIChE J 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.690480617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Mikuska P, Vecera Z. Aerosol Counterflow Two-Jets Unit for Continuous Measurement of the Soluble Fraction of Atmospheric Aerosols. Anal Chem 2005; 77:5534-41. [PMID: 16131063 DOI: 10.1021/ac050343l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new type of aerosol collector employing a liquid at laboratory temperature for continuous sampling of atmospheric particles is described. The collector operates on the principle of a Venturi scrubber. Sampled air flows at high linear velocity through two Venturi nozzles "atomizing" the liquid to form two jets of a polydisperse aerosol of fine droplets situated against each other. Counterflow jets of droplets collide, and within this process, the aerosol particles are captured into dispersed liquid. Under optimum conditions (air flow rate of 5 L/min and water flow rate of 2 mL/min), aerosol particles down to 0.3 microm in diameter are quantitatively collected in the collector into deionized water while the collection efficiency of smaller particles decreases. There is very little loss of fine aerosol within the aerosol counterflow two-jets unit (ACTJU). Coupling of the aerosol collector with an annular diffusion denuder located upstream of the collector ensures an artifact-free sampling of atmospheric aerosols. Operation of the ACTJU in combination with on-line detection devices allows in situ automated analysis of water-soluble aerosol species (e.g., NO2-, NO3-)with high time resolution (as high as 1 s). Under the optimum conditions, the limit of detection for particulate nitrite and nitrate is 28 and 77 ng/m(3), respectively. The instrument is sufficiently rugged for its application at routine monitoring of aerosol composition in the real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Mikuska
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Veverí 97, CZ-61142 Brno, Czech Republic.
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31
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Zhao LJ, Zhang YH, Wang LY, Hu YA, Ding F. FTIR spectroscopic investigations of supersaturated NaClO4 aerosols. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2005; 7:2723-30. [PMID: 16189586 DOI: 10.1039/b505605e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Supersaturated NaClO4 aerosols have been studied using a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer coupled with an aerosol flow tube (AFT). Compared with previous Raman results, the water O-H stretching envelope in the supersaturated solutions of NaClO4 aerosols was more structured in response to changing RH, revealing at the same time the existence of water monomers weakly hydrogen-bonded with ClO4- at extremely high concentrations. Due to enhanced ion interactions in the supersaturated solutions of NaClO4 aerosols, the formation of contact ion pairs (CIPs) could be observed without component decomposition for the nondegenerate nu1 band of ClO4-, and the degenerate nu3 band of ClO4- was successfully related to the formation of CIPs in NaClO4 solutions. Based on these observations, a new mechanism featured by the attack of ClO4- upon hydrated Na+ for CIPs formation in the supersaturated solutions of NaClO4 aerosols was further proposed. The anhydrous NaClO4, characterized by the upper limit deliquescence relative humidity (DRH) of approximately 43% and the disappearance of the nu1 band of ClO4- in the infrared spectra, was observed to form on the silicon windows at low RHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Zhao
- The Institute for Chemical Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 1000081, P. R. China
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32
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Sakurai H, Fink MA, McMurry PH, Mauldin L, Moore KF, Smith JN, Eisele FL. Hygroscopicity and volatility of 4–10 nm particles during summertime atmospheric nucleation events in urban Atlanta. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Mochida M, Kawamura K. Hygroscopic properties of levoglucosan and related organic compounds characteristic to biomass burning aerosol particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Mochida
- Institute of Low Temperature Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
| | - Kimitaka Kawamura
- Institute of Low Temperature Science; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Japan
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34
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Zhang YH, Choi MY, Chan CK. Relating Hygroscopic Properties of Magnesium Nitrate to the Formation of Contact Ion Pairs. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp036524d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man Yee Choi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chak K. Chan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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35
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36
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Sellegri K. Mass balance of free tropospheric aerosol at the Puy de Dôme (France) in winter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Sellegri K. Size-dependent scavenging efficiencies of multicomponent atmospheric aerosols in clouds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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38
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39
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Weingartner E, Gysel M, Baltensperger U. Hygroscopicity of aerosol particles at low temperatures. 1. New low-temperature H-TDMA instrument: setup and first applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2002; 36:55-62. [PMID: 11811490 DOI: 10.1021/es010054o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer (H-TDMA) is described that allows a fast and accurate determination of the water uptake by submicrometer aerosol particles at temperatures below 0 degrees C. To avoid volatilization of semivolatile particles, the humidification works without heating the gas stream, and the gas-phase composition is not changed during the analysis. The applied scanning mobility analysis allows a fast and accurate measurement of the humidogram, but care has to be taken with too high scanning velocities leading to artifacts in the particle size measurement. During a field campaign at a high-alpine site (Jungfraujoch, 3580 m above sea level), humidograms of free tropospheric particles were measured at T= -10 degrees C. The hygroscopic growth of these particles was characterized by monomodal growth distributions, which means that in the observed size range (dry particle diameters (Do) = 50-250 nm) the free tropospheric aerosol was to a large extent internally mixed. No distinct deliquescence was observed, indicating that the multicomponent aerosol particles are present in a liquid state even at a low relative humidity (RH) <10%. At RH 85%, average hygroscopic growth factors of 1.44, 1.49, and 1.53 were measured for Do = 50, 100, and 250 nm. The estimated soluble volume fraction of the particles in the observed size range was found to be 0.79, 0.86, and 0.91, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Weingartner
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland.
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40
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Väkevä M. Hygroscopic properties of nucleation mode and Aitken mode particles during nucleation bursts and in background air on the west coast of Ireland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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42
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Hung HM, Malinowski A, Martin ST. Ice Nucleation Kinetics of Aerosols Containing Aqueous and Solid Ammonium Sulfate Particles. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp012064h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ming Hung
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 29 Oxford Street, Pierce Hall, Room 122, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Adam Malinowski
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 29 Oxford Street, Pierce Hall, Room 122, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Scot T. Martin
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 29 Oxford Street, Pierce Hall, Room 122, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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43
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44
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Hämeri K, Laaksonen A, Väkevä M, Suni T. Hygroscopic growth of ultrafine sodium chloride particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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45
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Romakkaniemi S, Hämeri K, Väkevä M, Laaksonen A. Adsorption of Water on 8−15 nm NaCl and (NH4)2SO4 Aerosols Measured Using an Ultrafine Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp010647l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sami Romakkaniemi
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, 00250 Helsinki, Finland, and Department of Physics, P.O. Box 9, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaarle Hämeri
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, 00250 Helsinki, Finland, and Department of Physics, P.O. Box 9, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Väkevä
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, 00250 Helsinki, Finland, and Department of Physics, P.O. Box 9, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari Laaksonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, 00250 Helsinki, Finland, and Department of Physics, P.O. Box 9, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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46
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Djikaev YS, Bowles R, Reiss H, Hämeri K, Laaksonen A, Väkevä M. Theory of Size Dependent Deliquescence of Nanoparticles: Relation to Heterogeneous Nucleation and Comparison with Experiments. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp010537e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. S. Djikaev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - R. Bowles
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - H. Reiss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - K. Hämeri
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Laajaniityntie 1, FIN-01620 Vantaa, Finland
| | - A. Laaksonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - M. Väkevä
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 9, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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