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Glass DJ, Reiches M, Clarkin P. Coming of age in war: Early life adversity, age at menarche, and mental health. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 169:107153. [PMID: 39128396 PMCID: PMC11381149 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Armed conflict and forced migration (ACFM) represent a set of extreme environments that are increasingly common for children and adolescents to experience. Adolescence may constitute a sensitive period (puberty and psychoneurological maturation) through which ACFM adversity leaves a lasting mark. Adolescence has become a focal point for analysis and intervention as it relates to the effects of early life adversity on puberty, linear growth, and mental health. Research in public health and psychological science suggests early life adversity (ELA) may accelerate puberty, heightening risks for mental health disorders. However, it is not well substantiated whether ACFM-derived adversities accelerate or delay relative pubertal timing. Secondly, ACFM provides salient context through which to probe the relationships between nutritional, psychosocial, and demographic changes and their respective impact on puberty and mental health. We conducted a narrative review which 1) examined constructions of early life adversity and their proposed influence on puberty 2) reviewed empirical findings (n = 29 studies, n = 36 samples) concerning effects of ACFM ELA on age at menarche and 3) discussed proposed relationships between early life adversity, puberty, and mental ill-health. Contrary to prior research, we found war-derived early life adversity was more consistently associated with pubertal delay than acceleration and may exert counterintuitive effects on mental health. We show that ELA cannot be operationalized in the same way across contexts and populations, especially in the presence of extreme forms of human stress and resilience. We further discuss the ethics of puberty research among conflict-affected youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delaney J Glass
- University of Washington, Department of Anthropology, Seattle, WA, USA; University of Toronto - St. George, Department of Anthropology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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2
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Harvanek ZM, Kudinova AY, Wong SA, Xu K, Brick L, Daniels TE, Marsit C, Burt A, Sinha R, Tyrka AR. Childhood adversity, accelerated GrimAge, and associated health consequences. J Behav Med 2024; 47:913-926. [PMID: 38762606 PMCID: PMC11365810 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-024-00496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Childhood adversity is linked to psychological, behavioral, and physical health problems, including obesity and cardiometabolic disease. Epigenetic alterations are one pathway through which the effects of early life stress and adversity might persist into adulthood. Epigenetic mechanisms have also been proposed to explain why cardiometabolic health can vary greatly between individuals with similar Body Mass Index (BMIs). We evaluated two independent cross-sectional cohorts of adults without known medical illness, one of which explicitly recruited individuals with early life stress (ELS) and control participants (n = 195), and the other a general community sample (n = 477). In these cohorts, we examine associations between childhood adversity, epigenetic aging, and metabolic health. Childhood adversity was associated with increased GrimAge Acceleration (GAA) in both cohorts, both utilizing a dichotomous yes/no classification (both p < 0.01) as well as a continuous measure using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) (both p < 0.05). Further investigation demonstrated that CTQ subscales for physical and sexual abuse (both p < 0.05) were associated with increased GAA in both cohorts, whereas physical and emotional neglect were not. In both cohorts, higher CTQ was also associated with higher BMI and increased insulin resistance (both p < 0.05). Finally, we demonstrate a moderating effect of BMI on the relationship between GAA and insulin resistance where GAA correlated with insulin resistance specifically at higher BMIs. These results, which were largely replicated between two independent cohorts, suggest that interactions between epigenetics, obesity, and metabolic health may be important mechanisms through which childhood adversity contributes to long-term physical and metabolic health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M Harvanek
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Stress Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Anastacia Y Kudinova
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Bradley Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Samantha A Wong
- New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Connecticut Veteran Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Leslie Brick
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Teresa E Daniels
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Bradley Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Initiative for Stress, Trauma, and Resilience, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Carmen Marsit
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amber Burt
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rajita Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Stress Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Audrey R Tyrka
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Initiative for Stress, Trauma, and Resilience, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Laboratory for Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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Weibel CJ, Dasari MR, Jansen DA, Gesquiere LR, Mututua RS, Warutere JK, Siodi LI, Alberts SC, Tung J, Archie EA. Using non-invasive behavioral and physiological data to measure biological age in wild baboons. GeroScience 2024; 46:4059-4074. [PMID: 38693466 PMCID: PMC11336142 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Biological aging is near-ubiquitous in the animal kingdom, but its timing and pace vary between individuals and over lifespans. Prospective, individual-based studies of wild animals-especially non-human primates-help identify the social and environmental drivers of this variation by indicating the conditions and exposure windows that affect aging processes. However, measuring individual biological age in wild primates is challenging because several of the most promising methods require invasive sampling. Here, we leverage observational data on behavior and physiology, collected non-invasively from 319 wild female baboons across 2402 female-years of study, to develop a composite predictor of age: the non-invasive physiology and behavior (NPB) clock. We found that age predictions from the NPB clock explained 51% of the variation in females' known ages. Further, deviations from the clock's age predictions predicted female survival: females predicted to be older than their known ages had higher adult mortality. Finally, females who experienced harsh early-life conditions were predicted to be about 6 months older than those who grew up in more benign conditions. While the relationship between early adversity and NPB age is noisy, this estimate translates to a predicted 2-3 year reduction in mean adult lifespan in our model. A constraint of our clock is that it is tailored to data collection approaches implemented in our study population. However, many of the clock's components have analogs in other populations, suggesting that non-invasive data can provide broadly applicable insight into heterogeneity in biological age in natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea J Weibel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Mauna R Dasari
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - David A Jansen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | | | - Raphael S Mututua
- Amboseli Baboon Research Project, Amboseli National Park, Kajiado, Kenya
| | - J Kinyua Warutere
- Amboseli Baboon Research Project, Amboseli National Park, Kajiado, Kenya
| | - Long'ida I Siodi
- Amboseli Baboon Research Project, Amboseli National Park, Kajiado, Kenya
| | - Susan C Alberts
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Population Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jenny Tung
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Population Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Primate Behavior and Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, M5G 1M1, Canada
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elizabeth A Archie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
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Johns S, Lea-Carnall C, Shryane N, Maharani A. Depression, brain structure and socioeconomic status: A UK Biobank study. J Affect Disord 2024; 368:295-303. [PMID: 39299580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression results from interactions between biological, social, and psychological factors. Literature shows that depression is associated with abnormal brain structure, and that socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with depression and brain structure. However, limited research considers the interaction between each of these factors. METHODS Multivariate regression analysis was conducted using UK Biobank data on 39,995 participants to examine the relationship between depression and brain volume in 23 cortical regions for the whole sample and then separated by sex. It then examined whether SES affected this relationship. RESULTS Eight out of 23 brain areas had significant negative associations with depression in the whole population. However, these relationships were abolished in seven areas when SES was included in the analysis. For females, three regions had significant negative associations with depression when SES was not included, but only one when it was. For males, lower volume in six regions was significantly associated with higher depression without SES, but this relationship was abolished in four regions when SES was included. The precentral gyrus was robustly associated with depression across all analyses. LIMITATIONS Participants with conditions that could affect the brain were not excluded. UK Biobank is not representative of the general population which may limit generalisability. SES was made up of education and income which were not considered separately. CONCLUSIONS SES affects the relationship between depression and cortical brain volume. Health practitioners and researchers should consider this when working with imaging data in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Johns
- School of Social Statistics, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Caroline Lea-Carnall
- Division of Psychology, Communication and Human Neuroscience, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nick Shryane
- School of Social Statistics, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Asri Maharani
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Corrigan NM, Rokem A, Kuhl PK. COVID-19 lockdown effects on adolescent brain structure suggest accelerated maturation that is more pronounced in females than in males. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2403200121. [PMID: 39250666 PMCID: PMC11420155 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2403200121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of substantial social-emotional development, accompanied by dramatic changes to brain structure and function. Social isolation due to lockdowns that were imposed because of the COVID-19 pandemic had a detrimental impact on adolescent mental health, with the mental health of females more affected than males. We assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns on adolescent brain structure with a focus on sex differences. We collected MRI structural data longitudinally from adolescents prior to and after the pandemic lockdowns. The pre-COVID data were used to create a normative model of cortical thickness change with age during typical adolescent development. Cortical thickness values in the post-COVID data were compared to this normative model. The analysis revealed accelerated cortical thinning in the post-COVID brain, which was more widespread throughout the brain and greater in magnitude in females than in males. When measured in terms of equivalent years of development, the mean acceleration was found to be 4.2 y in females and 1.4 y in males. Accelerated brain maturation as a result of chronic stress or adversity during development has been well documented. These findings suggest that the lifestyle disruptions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns caused changes in brain biology and had a more severe impact on the female than the male brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neva M. Corrigan
- Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Institute on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Ariel Rokem
- Institute on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- eScience Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
| | - Patricia K. Kuhl
- Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195
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Wang J, Han X, Yang Y, Zeng Y, Qu Y, Yang H, Song J, Qiu C, Song H. The association of psychological and trauma-related factors with biological and facial aging acceleration: evidence from the UK Biobank. BMC Med 2024; 22:359. [PMID: 39227814 PMCID: PMC11373276 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03578-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological and trauma-related factors are associated with many diseases and mortality. However, a comprehensive assessment of the association between psycho-trauma exposures and aging acceleration is currently lacking. METHODS Using data from 332,359 UK Biobank participants, we calculated biological aging acceleration, indexed by the presence of leukocyte telomere length (LTL) deviation (i.e., the difference between genetically determined and observed LTL > 0). The acceleration of facial aging (i.e., looking older than the chronological age) was assessed using a self-report question. Then, we estimated the associations of each psycho-trauma factor with biological and facial aging acceleration, using logistic regression models adjusted for multiple important covariates. Furthermore, restricted to 99,180 participants with complete psychological and trauma-related data, we identified clusters of individuals with distinct psycho-trauma patterns using the latent class analysis method and assessed their associations with aging acceleration using similar models. RESULTS We observed most of the studied psycho-trauma factors were associated with biological and facial aging acceleration. Compared to the "Absence of trauma and psychopathology" cluster, the "adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with psychopathology" cluster showed strong associations with those aging measurements (odds ratio [OR] = 1.13 [1.05 - 1.23] for biological and 1.52 [1.18 - 1.95] for facial aging acceleration), while no such association was observed for the "ACEs without psychopathology" cluster (1.04 [0.99 - 1.09] and 1.02 [0.84 - 1.24]. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated significant associations of psycho-trauma factors with both biological and facial aging acceleration. The differential aging consequences observed among ACEs exposed individuals with and without psychopathology prompt interventions aimed to improve individuals' psychological resilience to prevent aging acceleration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junren Wang
- Mental Health Center and West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Lane 37, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Han
- Mental Health Center and West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Lane 37, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Yang
- Mental Health Center and West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Lane 37, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Mental Health Center and West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Lane 37, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qu
- Mental Health Center and West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Lane 37, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huazhen Yang
- Mental Health Center and West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Lane 37, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Song
- Mental Health Center and West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Lane 37, Chengdu, China
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Changjian Qiu
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Huan Song
- Mental Health Center and West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Lane 37, Chengdu, China.
- Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
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Widom CS, Do H(H, Miller QC, Javakhishvili M, Eckstein Indik C, Belsky DW. Childhood Maltreatment and Biological Aging in Middle Adulthood: The Role of Psychiatric Symptoms. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 4:100341. [PMID: 39040430 PMCID: PMC11260844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood maltreatment and psychiatric morbidity have each been associated with accelerated biological aging primarily through cross-sectional studies. Using data from a prospective longitudinal study of individuals with histories of childhood maltreatment and control participants followed into midlife, we tested 2 hypotheses examining whether 1) psychiatric symptoms mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and biological aging and 2) psychiatric symptoms of anxiety, depression, or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) act in conjunction with childhood maltreatment to exacerbate the association of child maltreatment to aging. Methods Children (ages 0-11 years) with documented histories of maltreatment and demographically matched control children were followed into adulthood (N = 607) and interviewed over several waves of the study. Depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms were assessed at mean ages of 29 (interview 1) and 40 (interview 2) years. Biological age was measured from blood chemistries collected later (mean age = 41 years) using the Klemera-Doubal method. Hypotheses were tested using linear regressions and path analyses. Results Adults with documented histories of childhood maltreatment showed more symptoms of depression, PTSD, and anxiety at both interviews and more advanced biological aging, compared with control participants. PTSD symptoms at both interviews and depression and anxiety symptoms only at interview 2 predicted accelerated biological aging. There was no evidence of mediation; however, anxiety and depression moderated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and biological aging. Conclusions These new findings reveal the shorter- and longer-term longitudinal impact of PTSD on biological aging and the amplifying effect of anxiety and depression on the relationship between child maltreatment and biological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Spatz Widom
- Psychology Department, John Jay College, City University of New York, New York, New York
- Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Hang (Heather) Do
- Psychology Department, John Jay College, City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Quincy C. Miller
- Psychology Department, John Jay College, City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Magda Javakhishvili
- Psychology Department, John Jay College, City University of New York, New York, New York
| | - Claire Eckstein Indik
- Department of Epidemiology and Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Daniel W. Belsky
- Department of Epidemiology and Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
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Gasik RE, Madkour AS, Skeen SJ, Clum G, Francis T, Felker-Kantor E, Ferguson T, Welsh DA, Molina PE, Theall KP. The Impact of Childhood Adversity on Life Course Alcohol Use Patterns and Health Status Among People Living with HIV. AIDS Behav 2024; 28:2887-2898. [PMID: 38907764 PMCID: PMC11390825 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-024-04368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and financial hardship are associated with increased likelihood of heavier alcohol use and health challenges in adulthood among persons living with HIV (PWH). We examined whether retrospectively captured lifetime drinking trajectories are a pathway through which childhood hardships affect current health in a sample of 365 adult PWH. Childhood economic hardship and ACEs were used as main predictors. Measures of alcohol use included age at first drink and lifetime drinking trajectories. Health indicators included health-related quality of life, frailty, number of comorbidities, and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to estimate both direct and indirect pathways between childhood hardship and physical and mental health. Participants were mostly male; Black (84%); and averaged 48 years of age. SEM results supported both direct and indirect pathways between childhood experiences and adult health. ACEs were connected to physical health directly and mental health both directly and indirectly through age at first drink and drinking heaviness during ages 10-20. Childhood economic hardship related to mental health indirectly through higher drinking levels during ages 10-20. Childhood adverse experiences, economic hardship, and early drinking patterns appear to accumulate, resulting in later life physical and mental health concerns for PWH. Findings support taking a life course approach to health. This includes considering individual trauma histories in HIV care engagement and taking preventative approaches which support the economic and social well-being of vulnerable children to improve health in subsequent decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayna E Gasik
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | | | - Simone J Skeen
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gretchen Clum
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Erica Felker-Kantor
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tekeda Ferguson
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Comprehensive Alcohol Research Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - David A Welsh
- Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Comprehensive Alcohol Research Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Patricia E Molina
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Comprehensive Alcohol Research Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Katherine P Theall
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Comprehensive Alcohol Research Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
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9
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Remmers MCC, Reijs RP, Hoebe CJPA. Defining and distinguishing early life stress, trauma, adversity, toxic and chronic stress and allostatic load: a descriptive review. Scand J Public Health 2024:14034948241260105. [PMID: 39087715 DOI: 10.1177/14034948241260105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Various concepts are used to study the impact of stress on childhood development. These concepts are often used inconsistently or interchangeably. Our main objectives were to determine how selected stress concepts (chronic stress, toxic stress, allostatic load, early life stress, childhood adversity, childhood trauma and adverse childhood experiences; ACEs) are defined, operationalized and described, and to provide a theoretical context to aid the choice for a preferred concept in public health research. METHODS For this descriptive review, we systematically searched for literature published before 4 August 2021, on PubMed, Embase and PsycInfo. Two independent reviewers included studies. Exclusion criteria were: no systematic review, not peer reviewed, not published in English, selected stress concepts were no predetermined variable or a substantial topic in the discussion, full text was unobtainable or study described non-human or non-childhood populations. Data extraction forms were used. Descriptives were gathered, publication fields were identified through Journal Citation Reports categories, and verbatim descriptions were ordered in text and Venn diagrams. RESULTS Of 264 screened studies, 124 were included. ACEs, childhood adversity and childhood trauma were used most. ACEs were the main concept used most frequently (47.6%). A total of 11 of 14 public and environmental health journals used ACEs. All concepts refer to prolonged, repeated, interpersonal stress from 0 to 18 years, that can alter physiological systems. Four concepts were stressor oriented, two concepts focused on stress response and effect and one on the state of challenged homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS ACEs seem most fitting for public health setting, due to their operationalizability, large set of core experiences and widespread use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten C C Remmers
- Department of Social Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Youth Health Care, Public Health Service Limburg-North, Venlo, Netherlands
| | - Rianne P Reijs
- Department of Social Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Youth Health Care, Living Lab Public Health Mosa, Public Health Service South Limburg, Heerlen, Netherlands
| | - Christian J P A Hoebe
- Department of Social Medicine, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Sexual Health, Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health, Living Lab Public Health Mosa, Public Health Service South Limburg, Heerlen, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
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10
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Lyons-Ruth K, Chasson M, Khoury J, Ahtam B. Reconsidering the nature of threat in infancy: Integrating animal and human studies on neurobiological effects of infant stress. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 163:105746. [PMID: 38838878 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Early life stress has been associated with elevated risk for later psychopathology. One mechanism that may contribute to such long-term risk is alterations in amygdala development, a brain region critical to stress responsivity. Yet effects of stress on the amygdala during human infancy, a period of particularly rapid brain development, remain largely unstudied. In order to model how early stressors may affect infant amygdala development, several discrepancies across the existing literatures on early life stress among rodents and early threat versus deprivation among older human children and adults need to be reconciled. We briefly review the key findings of each of these literatures. We then consider them in light of emerging findings from studies of human infants regarding relations among maternal caregiving, infant cortisol response, and infant amygdala volume. Finally, we advance a developmental salience model of how early threat may impact the rapidly developing infant brain, a model with the potential to integrate across these divergent literatures. Future work to assess the value of this model is also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlen Lyons-Ruth
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1493 Cambridge St, Cambridge, MA 02468, USA.
| | - Miriam Chasson
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1493 Cambridge St, Cambridge, MA 02468, USA.
| | - Jennifer Khoury
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 1493 Cambridge St, Cambridge, MA 02468, USA.
| | - Banu Ahtam
- Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging & Developmental Science Center, Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Whittle S, Zhang L, Rakesh D. Environmental and neurodevelopmental contributors to youth mental illness. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024:10.1038/s41386-024-01926-y. [PMID: 39030435 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01926-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
While a myriad of factors likely contribute to the development of mental illness in young people, the social environment (including early adverse experiences) in concert with neurodevelopmental alterations is undeniably important. A number of influential theories make predictions about how and why neurodevelopmental alterations may mediate or moderate the effects of the social environment on the emergence of mental illness. Here, we discuss current evidence supporting each of these theories. Although this area of research is rapidly growing, the body of evidence is still relatively limited. However, there exist some consistent findings, including increased striatal reactivity during positive affective processing and larger hippocampal volumes being associated with increased vulnerability or susceptibility to the effects of social environments on internalizing symptoms. Limited longitudinal work has investigated neurodevelopmental mechanisms linking the social environment with mental health. Drawing from human research and insights from animal studies, we propose an integrated mediation-moderation model and outline future research directions to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Whittle
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Lu Zhang
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Divyangana Rakesh
- Neuroimaging Department, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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12
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Murgatroyd C, Salontaji K, Smajlagic D, Page C, Sanders F, Jugessur A, Lyle R, Tsotsi S, Haftorn K, Felix J, Walton E, Tiemeier H, Cecil C, Bekkhus M. Prenatal stress and gestational epigenetic age: No evidence of associations based on a large prospective multi-cohort study. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4257223. [PMID: 39011115 PMCID: PMC11247928 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4257223/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Psychological stress during pregnancy is known to have a range of long-lasting negative consequences on the development and health of offspring. Here, we tested whether a measure of prenatal early-life stress was associated with a biomarker of physiological development at birth, namely epigenetic gestational age, using foetal cord-blood DNA-methylation data. Longitudinal cohorts from the Netherlands (Generation R Study [Generation R], n = 1,396), the UK (British Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children [ALSPAC], n = 642), and Norway (Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study [MoBa], n1 = 1,212 and n2 = 678) provided data on prenatal maternal stress and genome-wide DNA methylation from cord blood and were meta-analysed (pooled n = 3,928). Measures of epigenetic age acceleration were calculated using three different gestational epigenetic clocks: "Bohlin", "EPIC overlap" and "Knight". Prenatal stress exposure, examined as an overall cumulative score, was not significantly associated with epigenetically-estimated gestational age acceleration or deceleration in any of the clocks, based on the results of the pooled meta-analysis or those of the individual cohorts. No significant associations were identified with specific domains of prenatal stress exposure, including negative life events, contextual (socio-economic) stressors, parental risks (e.g., maternal psychopathology) and interpersonal risks (e.g., family conflict). Further, no significant associations were identified when analyses were stratified by sex. Overall, we find little support that prenatal psychosocial stress is associated with variation in epigenetic age at birth within the general paediatric population.
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Chan SY, Fitzgerald E, Ngoh ZM, Lee J, Chuah J, Chia JSM, Fortier MV, Tham EH, Zhou JH, Silveira PP, Meaney MJ, Tan AP. Examining the associations between microglia genetic capacity, early life exposures and white matter development at the level of the individual. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:781-791. [PMID: 38677627 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
There are inter-individual differences in susceptibility to the influence of early life experiences for which the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are poorly understood. Microglia play a role in environmental surveillance and may influence individual susceptibility to environmental factors. As an index of neurodevelopment, we estimated individual slopes of mean white matter fractional anisotropy (WM-FA) across three time-points (age 4.5, 6.0, and 7.5 years) for 351 participants. Individual variation in microglia reactivity was derived from an expression-based polygenic score(ePGS) comprised of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) functionally related to the expression of microglia-enriched genes.A higher ePGS denotes an increased genetic capacity for the expression of microglia-related genes, and thus may confer a greater capacity to respond to the early environment and to influence brain development. We hypothesized that this ePGS would associate with the WM-FA index of neurodevelopment and moderate the influence of early environmental factors.Our findings show sex dependency, where a significant association between WM-FA and microglia ePGS was only obtained for females.We then examined associations with perinatal factors known to decrease (optimal birth outcomes and familial conditions) or increase (systemic inflammation) the risk for later mental health problems.In females, individuals with high microglia ePGS showed a negative association between systemic inflammation and WM-FA and a positive association between more advantageous environmental conditions and WM-FA. The microglia ePGS in females thus accounted for variations in the influence of the quality of the early environment on WM-FA.Finally, WM-FA slopes mediated the association of microglia ePGS with interpersonal problems and social hostility in females. Our findings suggest the genetic capacity for microglia function as a potential factor underlying differential susceptibility to early life exposuresthrough influences on neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yu Chan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Eamon Fitzgerald
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, McGill University, 1010 Rue Sherbrooke O, QC H3A 2R7, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 6875 Bd LaSalle, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Zhen Ming Ngoh
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Janice Lee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Jasmine Chuah
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Joanne S M Chia
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Marielle V Fortier
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609, Singapore; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Rd, Singapore 229899, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Rd, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Elizabeth H Tham
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), 10 Medical Dr, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System (NUHS), 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Juan H Zhou
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), 10 Medical Dr, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Patricia P Silveira
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, McGill University, 1010 Rue Sherbrooke O, QC H3A 2R7, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 6875 Bd LaSalle, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), 10 Medical Dr, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609, Singapore; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 6875 Bd LaSalle, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), 10 Medical Dr, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Brain - Body Initiative Program, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, Connexis North Tower, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Ai Peng Tan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Dr, Singapore 117609, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), 10 Medical Dr, Singapore 117597, Singapore; Brain - Body Initiative Program, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, Connexis North Tower, Singapore 138632, Singapore; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Health System, 1E Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
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14
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Yu J, Pu F, Yang G, Hao M, Zhang H, Zhang J, Cao X, Zhu L, Wan Y, Wang X, Liu Z. Sex-Specific Association Between Childhood Adversity and Accelerated Biological Aging. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309346. [PMID: 38704685 PMCID: PMC11234451 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Is childhood adversity associated with biological aging, and if so, does sex modify the association, and do lifestyle and mental health mediate the association? A lifespan analysis is conducted using data on 142 872 participants from the UK Biobank to address these questions. Childhood adversity is assessed through the online mental health questionnaire (2016), including physical neglect, physical abuse, emotional neglect, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and a cumulative score. Biological aging is indicated by telomere length (TL) measured from leukocyte DNA using qPCR, and the shorter TL indicates accelerated biological aging; a lifestyle score is constructed using body mass index, physical activity, drinking, smoking, and diet; mental disorder is assessed using depression, anxiety, and insomnia at the baseline survey. The results reveal a sex-specific association such that childhood adversity is associated with shorter TL in women after adjusting for covariates including polygenic risk score for TL, but not in men. Unhealthy lifestyle and mental disorder partially mediate the association in women. The proportions of indirect effects are largest for sexual and physical abuse. These findings highlight the importance of behavioral and psychological interventions in promoting healthy aging among women who experienced childhood adversity, particularly sexual and physical abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fan Pu
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Gan Yang
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Meng Hao
- Human Phenome Institute and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Human Phenome Institute and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ageing and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jingyun Zhang
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xingqi Cao
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuhui Wan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health across Life Cycle/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, and Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Human Phenome Institute and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ageing and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zuyun Liu
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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15
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Markon KE, Mann F, Freilich C, Cole S, Krueger RF. Associations between epigenetic age acceleration and longitudinal measures of psychosocioeconomic stress and status. Soc Sci Med 2024; 352:116990. [PMID: 38824837 PMCID: PMC11239272 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Relationships between epigenetic aging markers and psychosocial variables such as socioeconomic status and stress have been well-documented, but are often examined cross-sectionally or retrospectively, and have tended to focus on objective markers of SES or major life events. Here, we examined associations between psychosocial variables, including measures of socioeconomic status and social stress, and epigenetic aging markers in adulthood, using longitudinal data spanning three decades from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study. The largest effects were observed for epigenetic markers of change in health, such as DunedinPACE and GrimAge, and for associations involving education, income, net assets, general social stress, inequality-related stress, and financial stress. Analyses of polygenic indices suggests that at least in the case of education, the link to epigenetic aging cannot be accounted for by common genetic variants.
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16
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Zhao T, Guo H, Yang J, Cai A, Liu J, Zheng J, Xiao Y, Zhao P, Li Y, Luo X, Zhang X, Zhu R, Wang J, Wang F. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Reversing Abnormal Brain Function in Mood Disorders with Early Life Stress: from preclinical models to clinical applications. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 97:104092. [PMID: 38823081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life stress (ELS) significantly increases the risk of mood disorders and affects the neurodevelopment of the primary cortex. HYPOTHESIS Modulating the primary cortex through neural intervention can ameliorate the impact of ELS on brain development and consequently alleviate its effects on mood disorders. METHOD We induced the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model in adolescent rats, followed by applying repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to their primary cortex in early adulthood. To assess the applicability of primary cortex rTMS in humans, we recruited individuals aged 17-25 with mood disorders who had experienced ELS and performed primary cortex rTMS on them. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and depression-related behavioral and clinical symptoms were conducted in both rats and human subjects before and after the rTMS. RESULTS In animals, fMRI analysis revealed increased activation in the primary cortex of CUMS rats and decrease subcortical activation. Following the intervention of primary cortex rTMS, the abnormal functional activity was reversed. Similarly, in mood disorders patients with ELS, increased activation in the primary cortex and decreased activation in the frontal cortex were observed. During rTMS intervention, similar neuroimaging improvements were noted, particularly decreased activation in the primary cortex. This suggests that targeted rTMS in the primary cortex can reverse the abnormal neuroimaging. CONCLUSION This cross-species translational study has identified the primary cortex as a key region in mood disorders patients with ELS. Targeting the primary cortex with rTMS can correct abnormal functional activity while improving symptoms. Our study provides translational evidence for therapeutics targeting the ELS factor of mood disorders patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Zhao
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China; Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Huiling Guo
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China; Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China; School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China; Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Aoling Cai
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China; School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China; Changzhou Medical Center, Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, PR China
| | - Juan Liu
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China; Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Junjie Zheng
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China; Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China; Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China; Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yifan Li
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Xiongjian Luo
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Xizhe Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Rongxin Zhu
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China; Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jie Wang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine, Afffliated Third People's Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China; Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Xiangyang, Hubei, PR China; Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China; Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China; Department of Mental Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.
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17
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Miller JG, Gluckman PD, Fortier MV, Chong YS, Meaney MJ, Tan AP, Gotlib IH. Faster pace of hippocampal growth mediates the association between perinatal adversity and childhood depression. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 67:101392. [PMID: 38761439 PMCID: PMC11127214 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Early life adversity has been posited to influence the pace of structural neurodevelopment. Most research, however, has relied on cross-sectional data, which do not reveal whether the pace of neurodevelopmental change is accelerated or slowed following early exposures. In a birth cohort study that included neuroimaging data obtained at 4.5, 6, and 7.5 years of age (N = 784), we examined associations among a cumulative measure of perinatal adversity relative to resources, nonlinear trajectories of hippocampal and amygdala volume, and children's subsequent depressive symptoms at 8.5 years of age. Greater adversity was associated with reduced bilateral hippocampal body volume in early childhood, but also to faster growth in the right hippocampal body across childhood. Further, the association between adversity and childhood depressive symptoms was mediated by faster hippocampal body growth. These findings suggest that perinatal adversity is biologically embedded in hippocampal structure development, including an accelerated pace of change in the right hippocampal body that is implicated in children's psychopathology risk. In addition, our findings suggest that reduced hippocampal volume is not inconsistent with accelerated hippocampal change; these aspects of structural development may typically co-occur, as smaller regional volumes in early childhood were associated with faster growth across childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas G Miller
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, CT, USA.
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marielle V Fortier
- Department of Diagnostic & Interventional Imaging, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A⁎STAR Research Entities, Singapore; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A⁎STAR Research Entities, Singapore; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Brain - Body Initiative, A⁎STAR Research Entities, Singapore
| | - Ai Peng Tan
- Translational Neuroscience Program, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A⁎STAR Research Entities, Singapore; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Brain - Body Initiative, A⁎STAR Research Entities, Singapore; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Ian H Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, CA, USA
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18
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Ning K, Gondek D, Pereira SMP, Lacey RE. Mediating mechanisms of the relationship between exposure to deprivation and threat during childhood and adolescent psychopathology: evidence from the Millennium Cohort Study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:1907-1920. [PMID: 37676493 PMCID: PMC11211201 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02289-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The key aim of our study was to examine pathways from exposure to childhood adversities (i.e., deprivation and threat) to adolescent psychopathology. The assessed mediating mechanisms included cognitive ability and emotion regulation, as proposed by the Dimensional Model of Adversity and Psychopathology (DMAP). The study comprised participants from the nationally representative Millennium Cohort Study. Latent scores for deprivation and threat were derived using confirmatory factor analysis from indicators collected when participants were at age of 9 months, 3 and 5 years. Cognitive ability was measured using the Verbal Similarities subscale of the British Ability Scales II at age 11, and emotion regulation was measured using emotion dysregulation subscale of the Child Social Behavioural Questionnaire at age 7. Psychopathology, defined as psychological distress, was assessed using the Kessler 6 scale at age 17. We conducted causal mediation analysis adjusting for multiple confounding factors. We did not find total effect of either exposure to deprivation or threat on psychological distress, but we did find significant indirect effects of exposure to deprivation on psychological distress via cognitive ability (- 0.11, 95% CI - 0.20 to - 0.05) and emotion regulation (0.03, 0.02 to 0.12), and exposure to threat on psychological distress via cognitive ability (- 0.04, - 0.07 to - 0.01) and emotion regulation (0.09, 0.03 to 0.15). The lack of associations between deprivation or threat and psychological distress may be due to reporting bias or developmental period of psychopathology. Results of mediation analysis partially support the DMAP but indicate limited benefits to reduce adolescent psychological distress by targeting cognitive ability or emotion regulation to those exposed to childhood adversities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ning
- School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Dawid Gondek
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, England
- Swiss Centre of Expertise in Life Course Research (LIVES), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Snehal M Pinto Pereira
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, England
| | - Rebecca E Lacey
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, England.
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, England.
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19
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Eiberg M. Cognitive Functioning of Children in Out-of-Home Care. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2024; 17:217-230. [PMID: 38938961 PMCID: PMC11199474 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-023-00580-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Most children who enter out-of-home care (OHC) have been subjected to prolonged maltreatment. Maltreatment potentially contributes to a cumulative deficit in neurocognitive maturation and development that is likely to proceed with the child's placement into OHC and persist throughout adulthood. From the theoretical perspective of how maltreatment may affect the developing brain, this study examines the IQ and executive function of children placed in OHC on standardized, norm-referenced measures. Furthermore, the study investigates the prevalence of serious cognitive delays, defined by scores in the clinical range on the administered instruments. METHODS The study included 153 children in foster care (66% female), aged 6-15 (M = 10.5, SD = 2.1). Independent two-sample t-tests were run to test for significant differences between the sample and the norm population on the applied neuropsychological measures. RESULTS The results showed that discrepancies in cognitive development were global in scope, with the children lagging significantly behind the norm population on all applied measures with discrepancies ranging from 0.61 to 2.10 SD (p < .001). Also, serious developmental delays in all cognitive domains were vastly overrepresented in the sample ranging from 11.3% (IQ) to 66.0% (executive function). CONCLUSIONS The results document a very high prevalence of cognitive deficits and delays among the children in the sample. The implications of identifying the neurocognitive effects of maltreatment in the practices of the child welfare system are discussed in terms of developing suitable assessment and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misja Eiberg
- VIVE - The Danish Center for Social Science Research, Herluf Trolles gade 11, 1052 , Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Burns C, Hejl C, Z. Szabo Y. Childhood Adversity and Adult Inflammation: Exploring the Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation in the MIDUS II Study. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2024; 17:319-334. [PMID: 38938945 PMCID: PMC11199436 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-023-00594-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The present study furthers understanding of how childhood adversity connects to inflammation and, in turn, poor health. Using the publicly available Midlife in the United States II (MIDUS II) dataset, we test a recent theoretical model that suggests emotion regulation is a potential mechanism of associations between adversity and inflammation. We examined the indirect effects of various types of adversity (e.g., stressful events, maltreatment, threat, and deprivation) on inflammation via two emotion regulation strategies (i.e., expressive suppression and reappraisal). Participants included 1096 adults without a history of cancer or HIV/AIDS who had completed the initial MIDUS II follow up and a sub-study examining biomarkers. Participants completed self-report measures inquiring about psychosocial factors including stressful life events, childhood trauma, and emotion regulation as well as provided blood samples. Bivariate correlation indicated that multiple forms of childhood adversity were associated with both C-reactive protein and fibrinogen. Deprivation, as measured by a stressful life events scale, was positively associated with both reappraisal and suppression. Tests of indirect effects indicated that deprivation was positively associated with fibrinogen through both emotion regulation strategies, particularly for female participants. Our findings partially support recent theory positing emotion regulation as a pathway through which childhood adversity may impact inflammation in adulthood. Further, deprivation may be particularly critical in understanding how adversity is connected to maladaptive emotion regulation and inflammation. Emotion regulation may be an important treatment target to mitigate the negative impact of childhood adversity on health and well-being. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40653-023-00594-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Burns
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX USA
- Department of Education, Health, & Behavior, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND USA
| | - Christina Hejl
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX USA
| | - Yvette Z. Szabo
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX USA
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
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21
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Carney-Knisely G, Griffin M, Crawford A, Spates K, Singh P. Police killings of unarmed Black persons and suicides among Black youth in the US: A national time-series analysis. Ann Epidemiol 2024; 94:91-99. [PMID: 38710240 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suicide deaths among Black youth in the US have increased rapidly over the past decade. Direct or vicarious racial trauma experienced through exposure to police brutality may underlie these concerning trends. METHODS We obtained nationally aggregated monthly counts of suicides for non-Hispanic Black and White youth (age ≤ 24 years) and adults (age > 24 years) from the National Mortality Vital Statistics restricted-use data files provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, from 2013 to 2019. Monthly counts of Black youth suicides constituted our main outcome. We defined our exposure as the monthly counts of police killings of unarmed Black persons over 84 months (2013 to 2019), retrieved from the Mapping Police Violence database. We used ARIMA (AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average) time-series analyses to examine whether Black youth suicides increased within 0 to 3 months following police killings of unarmed Black persons, controlling for autocorrelation and corresponding series of White youth suicides. RESULTS Suicides among Black youth increase by ∼1 count three months following an increase in police killings of unarmed Black persons (exposure lag 0 coefficient = 0.16, p > 0.05; exposure lag 1 coefficient = -0.70, p > 0.05; exposure lag 2 coefficient = -0.54, p > 0.05; exposure lag 3 coefficient = 0.95, p < 0.05). The observed increase in suicides concentrates among Black male youth (exposure lag 3 coefficient = 0.88, p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alaxandria Crawford
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Kamesha Spates
- William S. Dietrich II Endowed Chair in Africana Studies, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Parvati Singh
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, USA.
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22
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Kardan O, Weigard A, Cope L, Martz M, Angstadt M, McCurry KL, Michael C, Hardee J, Hyde LW, Sripada C, Heitzeg MM. Functional brain connectivity predictors of prospective substance use initiation and their environmental correlates. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.29.24308134. [PMID: 38853927 PMCID: PMC11160855 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.29.24308134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Background Early substance use initiation (SUI) places youth at substantially higher risk for later substance use disorders. Furthermore, adolescence is a critical period for the maturation of brain networks, the pace and magnitude of which are susceptible to environmental influences and may shape risk for SUI. Methods We examined whether patterns of functional brain connectivity during rest (rsFC), measured longitudinally in pre-and-early adolescence, can predict future SUI. In an independent sub-sample, we also tested whether these patterns are associated with key environmental factors, specifically neighborhood pollution and socioeconomic dimensions. We utilized data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study®. SUI was defined as first-time use of at least one full dose of alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, or other drugs. We created a control group (N = 228) of participants without SUI who were matched with the SUI group (N = 233) on age, sex, race/ethnicity, and parental income and education. Results Multivariate analysis showed that whole-brain rsFC prior to SUI during 9-10 and 11-12 years of age successfully differentiated the prospective SUI and control groups. This rsFC signature was expressed more at older ages in both groups, suggesting a pattern of accelerated maturation in the SUI group in the years prior to SUI. In an independent sub-sample (N = 2,854) and adjusted for family socioeconomic factors, expression of this rsFC pattern was associated with higher pollution, but not neighborhood disadvantage. Conclusion Brain functional connectivity patterns in early adolescence that are linked to accelerated maturation and environmental exposures can predict future SUI in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Kardan
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychology
| | | | - Lora Cope
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry
| | - Meghan Martz
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry
| | | | | | | | | | - Luke W. Hyde
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychology
- University of Michigan, Survey Research Center at the Institute for Social Research
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23
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Kim B, Royle M. Annual Research Review: Mapping the multifaceted approaches and impacts of adverse childhood experiences - an umbrella review of meta-analyses. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024. [PMID: 38772385 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.14022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) significantly impact lifelong health and well-being. Despite extensive research, a comprehensive understanding of ACEs' multifaceted impacts continues to be challenging to achieve. This study synthesizes meta-analytic evidence to provide a comprehensive view of ACEs' effects, addressing various approaches to conceptualizing ACEs and their diverse outcomes. Employing an umbrella synthesis methodology, this review integrated findings from 99 meta-analyses involving 592 effect sizes. We examined ACEs through specificity, lumping, dimensional, and child maltreatment-centric approaches, assessing their impact across six domains: biological system dysregulation, neuropsychological impairments, physical health complications, mental health conditions, social and behavioral challenges, and criminal justice involvement. The findings reveal a small to moderate overall effect size of ACEs across outcome domains. Specific ACE approaches exhibited varying impact levels, with notable differences in effects on mental health, social/behavioral issues, and criminal justice involvement. When ACEs were aggregated without distinguishing between different types, but with consideration of their cumulative effects, adverse outcomes were significantly exacerbated. The child maltreatment-centric approach consistently demonstrated substantial effects across all evaluated domains. This review underscores the heterogeneity in ACEs' impacts, influenced by the type of ACE and specific outcomes considered. It highlights the necessity for comprehensive approaches to understanding, preventing, and mitigating the effects of ACEs. These insights are vital for developing targeted interventions and informing policy-making, emphasizing the complexity and varied nature of ACEs' influence on individual development and societal well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bitna Kim
- College of Criminal Justice, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - Meghan Royle
- College of Criminal Justice, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
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24
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Khalid S, Kearney M, McReynolds DE. Can social adversity alter the epigenome, trigger oral disease, and affect future generations? Ir J Med Sci 2024:10.1007/s11845-024-03697-3. [PMID: 38740675 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-024-03697-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The nature versus nurture debate has intrigued scientific circles for decades. Although extensive research has established a clear relationship between genetics and disease development, recent evidence has highlighted the insufficiency of attributing adverse health outcomes to genetic factors alone. In fact, it has been suggested that environmental influences, such as socioeconomic position (SEP), may play a much larger role in the development of disease than previously thought, with extensive research suggesting that low SEP is associated with adverse health conditions. In relation to oral health, a higher prevalence of caries (tooth decay) exists among those of low SEP. Although little is known about the biological mechanisms underlying this relationship, epigenetic modifications resulting from environmental influences have been suggested to play an important role. This review explores the intersection of health inequalities and epigenetics, the role of early-life social adversity and its long-term epigenetic impacts, and how those living within the lower hierarchies of the socioeconomic pyramid are indeed at higher risk of developing diseases, particularly in relation to oral health. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms could lead to the development of targeted interventions for individuals of low SEP to improve oral health or identify those who are at higher risk of developing oral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakr Khalid
- Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michaela Kearney
- Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David E McReynolds
- Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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25
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Thalén A, Ledberg A. Parental age at death is associated with age at first birth in offspring. Exp Gerontol 2024; 189:112396. [PMID: 38479685 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE People age at different rates and the available evidence suggests that the rate of aging is partly inherited from previous generations. This heterogeneity in aging is evident already in midlife, but to what extent aging is associated with the timing of events earlier in life is not fully known. Here we aim to shed light on this topic by investigating the trade-off between reproduction and aging postulated by evolutionary theories of aging. METHODS Drawing on the inheritance of aging we use parental age at death as a proxy for aging-rates in the offspring, and study how age at first birth depends on this variable. We use data from an almost complete Swedish birth cohort comprising 92,359 individuals. Accelerated failure time models are used to estimate the association between parental age at death and age at first birth while adjusting for parental occupational class, educational attainment, and income. RESULTS Longer parental lifespans were consistently associated with older age at first births, both in men and women. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that aging-related processes may be interrelated with the processes underlying the timing of reproduction and are in general agreement with evolutionary theories of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Thalén
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Ledberg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
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26
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Barrett AMY, Cheng TW, Flannery JE, Mills KL, Fisher PA, McCann CF, Pfeifer JH. Comparing the multivariate relationships of conceptual adversity models and structural brain development in adolescent girls: A registered report. Dev Psychol 2024; 60:858-877. [PMID: 38358662 PMCID: PMC11332272 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Adverse experiences throughout development confer risk for a multitude of negative long-term outcomes, but the processes via which these experiences are neurobiologically embedded are still unclear. Adolescence provides an opportunity to understand how these experiences impact the brain's rapidly changing structure. Two models are central to current adversity conceptualizations: a cumulative risk model, where all types of experiences are combined to represent accumulating stress, and a dimensional model, where certain features of experience (e.g., threat or deprivation) exert unique neurophysiological influence. In this registered report, we extended upon previous research by using a form of representational similarity analysis to examine whether the dimensional and cumulative risk models of adversity predict cortical thinning in frontoparietal and frontotemporal networks and volumetric changes in subcortical regions throughout adolescence. Drawing from a longitudinal sample of 179 adolescent girls (ages 10-13 years at the first wave) from Lane County, Oregon, United States, and up to four waves of follow-up data, we found that operationalizing adversity by similarity in threat and deprivation provided better prediction of brain development than similarity in overall adversity. However, these dimensions do not exhibit unique associations with developmental changes in the hypothesized brain changes. These results underscore the significance of carefully defining adversity and considering its impact on the entire brain. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kathryn L. Mills
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo
| | - Philip A. Fisher
- Stanford Center on Early Childhood and Graduate School of Education, Stanford University
| | - Clare F. McCann
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles
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27
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Colvin MK, Reesman J, Glen T. Altered Trajectories: Considering the Long-Term Impact of Educational Disruption during the COVID-19 Pandemic on Neurodevelopment and a Call to Action for Neuropsychology. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2024; 39:305-312. [PMID: 38520379 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in educational disruption of historic breadth and duration. The impact of school closures and remote learning have been evaluated in recent studies and reflect critical data for neuropsychologists who routinely assess brain development as it relates to diagnosis, recommendations, and informing public policy. METHOD Pre-pandemic and contemporaneous literature was summarized, including data on educational disruption and child and adolescent mental health challenges reported during the pandemic, and research on the impact of stress, social isolation, educational achievement, and other factors on brain development during critical developmental windows. RESULTS Studies indicate that prolonged educational disruption has resulted in attenuated learning gains, most remarkably for those already at risk for educational disparities. Studies have shown increased mental health challenges for youth during the pandemic, with higher rates of mood and eating disorders, and suicidal ideation. Given that some skills develop optimally within specific time periods, pandemic-related disruption has likely contributed to altered developmental trajectories. CONCLUSION Trajectory of neuropsychological development of children and adolescents, especially marginalized students, may be affected by effects on learning and mental health due to prolonged educational disruption and psychological stressors. Evaluation and treatment may be delayed due to backlog and increased demand. Clinical neuropsychological practice recommendations are presented with a call to action for the field in moving forward flexibly to increase access to evaluation services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Colvin
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Reesman
- Chesapeake Center for ADHD, Learning and Behavioral Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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28
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Lee AH, Kitagawa Y, Mirhashem R, Rodriguez M, Hilerio R, Bernard K. Do dimensions of childhood adversity differ in their direct associations with youth psychopathology? A meta-analysis. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-31. [PMID: 38584264 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the unique pathways by which threat and deprivation, two core dimensions of adversity, confer risk for youth psychopathology. However, the extent to which these dimensions differ in their direct associations with youth psychopathology remains unclear. The primary aim of this preregistered meta-analysis was to synthesize the associations between threat, deprivation, internalizing, externalizing, and trauma-specific psychopathology. Because threat is proposed to be directly linked with socioemotional development, we hypothesized that the magnitude of associations between threat and psychopathology would be larger than those with deprivation. We conducted a search for peer-reviewed articles in English using PubMed and PsycINFO databases through August 2022. Studies that assessed both threat and deprivation and used previously validated measures of youth psychopathology were included. One hundred and twenty-seven articles were included in the synthesis (N = 163,767). Results of our three-level meta-analyses indicated that adversity dimension significantly moderated the associations between adversity and psychopathology, such that the magnitude of effects for threat (r's = .21-26) were consistently larger than those for deprivation (r's = .16-.19). These differences were more pronounced when accounting for the threat-deprivation correlation. Additional significant moderators included emotional abuse and youth self-report of adversity. Findings are consistent with the Dimensional Model of Adversity and Psychopathology, with clinical, research, and policy implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Hyoeun Lee
- Department of Psychology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Mirhashem
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Micaela Rodriguez
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Romola Hilerio
- Department of Psychology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Kristin Bernard
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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29
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Steger V, Stadelmann S, White L, Döhnert M. Child abuse and pubertal timing: what is the role of child sex and identity of the perpetrator? BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:242. [PMID: 38561781 PMCID: PMC10983734 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the association between child abuse [child neglect (CN), emotional (CEA) and physical abuse (CPA)] and early puberty with special regard to sex-specific effects concerning child and parental perpetrator. METHODS Data assessment took place within the framework of the LIFE Child Depression study, a longitudinal study on the development of depressive symptoms and disorders between child- and adulthood in Leipzig, Germany. A sample of 709 children (8-14 years) was recruited from the general population and via psychiatric hospitals. Data on pubertal status were assessed using an instrument for self-assessment of tanner stages (scales of physical pubertal development). Information on menarche was provided by parents. The Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS-PC) served for data on child abuse. RESULTS Regarding physical puberty markers, significant correlations were found, especially with child neglect (CN) and child emotional abuse (CEA). Regression analyses, controlling for Body-Mass-Index (BMI) and Socioeconomic Status (SES), revealed that children affected by child neglect perpetrated by mother (CNm) and child emotional abuse (CEA) parent-non-specifically enter puberty significantly earlier. Sex-specific analyses identified child neglect perpetrated by mother (CNm) to be associated with early puberty in girls and child emotional abuse perpetrated by father (CEAf) with early puberty in boys. Concerning the onset of menstruation, there was a significant positive correlation between early menarche and parent-specific and non-specific child neglect (CN), as well as between early menarche and child emotional abuse perpetrated by the mother (CEAm). In regression models that controlled for Body-Mass-Index (BMI) and Socioeconomic Status (SES) no significant associations were maintained. Child physical abuse (CPA) was not associated with early puberty. CONCLUSION Results outlined child neglect (CN) and child emotional abuse (CEA) to be sex- and perpetrator-specific risk factors for early pubertal development. Knowledge of sex- and perpetrator-specific effects could help clinicians to specify their diagnostic process and to define differential prevention and treatment goals for children with experiences of CN and CEA. Further research on the sex-specific impact of parental CN and CEA on girls' and boys' puberty is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Steger
- LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
- , Bremen, Germany.
| | - S Stadelmann
- LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - L White
- LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Döhnert
- LIFE - Leipzig Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, St Elisabeth & St Barbara Hospital, Barbarastraße 4, 06110, Halle (Saale), Germany
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30
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Senger-Carpenter T, Seng J, Herrenkohl TI, Marriott D, Chen B, Voepel-Lewis T. Applying Life History Theory to Understand Earlier Onset of Puberty: An Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Cohort Analysis. J Adolesc Health 2024; 74:682-688. [PMID: 37791924 PMCID: PMC10960661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Life history theory posits that multigenerational exposure to adversity and deprivation influences childhood growth and development, including pubertal maturation. We applied this ecological, evolutionary theory to examine the contributions of distal and proximal adversity on early puberty, a potentially important marker for population health. METHODS Baseline data from 5,645 girls in the adolescent brain cognitive development study were included. Early puberty was defined as midlate/post pubertal development by age 9-11 years. The contributions of multigenerational Black/Indigenous (Black, Indigenous and People of Color [BIPOC]) or Hispanic identities, intergenerational mental health, economic deprivation, personal trauma exposure and mental health, and proximal biological factors of premature birth and body mass index on early puberty were examined with hierarchical modeling. RESULTS 1,225 girls (21.7%) had early puberty. BIPOC/Hispanic identity, familial adversity, economic deprivation, personal trauma, depression, and a higher body mass index contributed significantly toward early puberty. The effect of multigenerational adversity remained significant across models, but the likelihood of early puberty decreased sequentially for BIPOC and Hispanic youth as proximal adversities were added (e.g., OR decreased from 2.93 to 2.38 for BIPOC youth), supporting a synergistic effect of layered adversity on early puberty. DISCUSSION This analysis supports life history theory as a coherent framework to understand early puberty among girls. Findings suggest monitoring pubertal timing as a population health indictor, like birth weight, prematurity, or life expectancy. Addressing early puberty may require policy and social changes to mitigate the negative impact of multiple layers of adversity including racial/ethnic disadvantage, family, and individual mental health and trauma, as well as economic insecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Seng
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | | | - Deanna Marriott
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Bingxin Chen
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Terri Voepel-Lewis
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Anesthesiology at Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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31
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Ren Y, Zuo C, Ming H, Zhang Y, Huang S. Long-term Neighborhood Poverty Effects on Internalizing Symptoms in Adolescents: Mediated Through Allostatic Load and Pubertal Timing. J Adolesc Health 2024; 74:689-695. [PMID: 37804296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The long-term effect of neighborhood poverty on internalizing symptoms in adolescents and the biological mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. We defined neighborhood poverty at the village level in two dimensions: intensity (i.e., poverty rate) and duration. This study investigated how the poverty rate and duration of exposure to neighborhood poverty interact to predict internalizing symptoms in adolescents through biological mechanisms (i.e., allostatic load and early pubertal timing). METHODS A total of 418 adolescents (50.2% girls; 11-14 years old; mean age = 12.57 years) living in rural China participated in two waves of data collection. Path analysis was conducted to examine the mediating role of allostatic load and pubertal timing in the relationship between the duration of exposure to neighborhood poverty and internalizing symptoms. Moreover, the interactive effect between the poverty rate and duration of neighborhood poverty on the allostatic load was tested. RESULTS The positive association between the duration of exposure to neighborhood poverty and internalizing symptoms of adolescents was explained by elevated allostatic load and early pubertal timing after adjusting for gender, age, prior family socioeconomic states and internalizing symptoms. The duration in neighborhood poverty was a stronger predictor of allostatic load for adolescents living in high poverty rate neighborhoods than for those living in low poverty rate neighborhoods. DISCUSSION Neighborhood poverty gets "under the skin" through biological pathways and affects internalizing symptoms among adolescents. The findings highlight the importance of considering different dimensions of neighborhood poverty (e.g., intensity and duration) on adolescents' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Chenyi Zuo
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Hua Ming
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Silin Huang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, China.
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32
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Gotlib IH, Buthmann JL, Uy JP. The growing interdisciplinarity of developmental psychopathology: Implications for science and training. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38516854 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The field of developmental psychopathology has grown exponentially over the past decades, and has become increasingly multifaceted. The initial focus on understanding abnormal child psychology has broadened to the study of the origins of psychopathology, with the goals of preventing and alleviating disorder and promoting healthy development. In this paper, we discuss how technological advances and global events have expanded the questions that researchers in developmental psychopathology can address. We do so by describing a longitudinal study that we have been conducting for the past dozen years. We originally planned to examine the effects of early adversity on trajectories of brain development, endocrine function, and depressive symptoms across puberty; it has since become an interdisciplinary study encompassing diverse domains like inflammation, sleep, biological aging, the environment, and child functioning post-pandemic, that we believe will advance our understanding of neurobehavioral development. This increase in the breadth in our study emerged from an expansion of the field; we encourage researchers to embrace these dynamic changes. In this context, we discuss challenges, opportunities, and institutional changes related to the growing interdisciplinarity of the field with respect to training the next generation of investigators to mitigate the burden of mental illness in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian H Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Jessica P Uy
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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Ding W, Xu Y, Kondracki AJ, Sun Y. Childhood adversity and accelerated reproductive events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 230:315-329.e31. [PMID: 37820985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accelerated female reproductive events represent the early onset of reproductive events involving puberty, menarche, pregnancy loss, first sexual intercourse, first birth, parity, and menopause. This study aimed to explore the association between childhood adversity and accelerated female reproductive events. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were systematically searched from September 22, 2022 to September 23, 2022. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Observational cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies in human populations were included if they reported the time of reproductive events for female individuals with experience of childhood adversity and were published in English. METHODS Two reviewers independently screened studies, obtained data, and assessed study quality, and conflicts were resolved by a third reviewer. Dichotomous outcomes were evaluated using meta-analysis, and pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were generated using random-effects models. Moderation analysis and meta-regression were used to investigate heterogeneity. RESULTS In total, 21 cohort studies, 9 cross-sectional studies, and 3 case-control studies were identified. Overall, female individuals with childhood adversity were nearly 2 times more likely to report accelerated reproductive events than those with no adversity exposure (odds ratio, 1.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.33-2.76; I2=99.6%; P<.001). Moderation analysis indicated that effect sizes for the types of childhood adversity ranged from an odds ratio of 1.61 (95% confidence interval, 1.23-2.09) for low socioeconomic status to 2.13 (95% confidence interval, 1.14-3.99) for dysfunctional family dynamics. Among the 7 groups based on different reproductive events, including early onset of puberty, early menarche, early sexual initiation, teenage childbirth, preterm birth, pregnancy loss, and early menopause, early sexual initiation had a nonsignificant correlation with childhood adversity (odds ratio, 2.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.88-8.30; I2=99.9%; P<.001). Considerable heterogeneity (I2>75%) between estimates was observed for over half of the outcomes. Age, study type, and method of data collection could explain 35.9% of the variance. CONCLUSION The literature tentatively corroborates that female individuals who reported adverse events in childhood are more likely to experience accelerated reproductive events. This association is especially strong for exposure to abuse and dysfunctional family dynamics. However, the heterogeneity among studies was high, requiring caution in interpreting the findings and highlighting the need for further evaluation of the types and timing of childhood events that influence accelerated female reproductive events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqin Ding
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuxiang Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Anthony J Kondracki
- Department of Community Medicine, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Ho TC, Buthmann J, Chahal R, Miller JG, Gotlib IH. Exploring sex differences in trajectories of pubertal development and mental health following early adversity. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 161:106944. [PMID: 38171040 PMCID: PMC10842731 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Despite evidence that early life adversity (ELA) affects mental health in adolescence, we know little about sex differences in how distinct dimensions of adversity affect development and their corresponding effects on mental health. In this three-wave longitudinal study, 209 participants (118 females; ages 9-13 years at baseline) provided objective (salivary hormones, BMI, age of menarche) and subjective (perceived gonadal and adrenal status) measures of puberty and physical development, and reported on levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms at all timepoints. Participants also reported lifetime exposure to three distinct types of ELA: deprivation, threat, and unpredictability. Using generalized additive mixed models, we tested within each sex whether dimensions of adversity were associated with longitudinal changes in measures of pubertal and physical development, and whether these indices of development were associated with trajectories of internalizing and externalizing symptoms. In females, experiences of threat and unpredictability were significantly associated with earlier pubertal timing (e.g., age of menarche) whereas experiences of deprivation were associated with steeper increases in BMI; further, faster pubertal tempo (i.e., steeper increases in pubertal stage) was associated with increases in internalizing and externalizing symptoms. In males, however, ELA was not associated with any measures of pubertal or physical development or with symptoms. Together, our results suggest that adverse experiences during early life have sex-selective consequences for pubertal and physical maturation and mental health trajectories in ways that may elucidate why females are at higher risk for mental health difficulties during puberty, particularly following exposure to unpredictable and threatening experiences of adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany C Ho
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jessica Buthmann
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Rajpreet Chahal
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Jonas G Miller
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Ian H Gotlib
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
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Feeney K, Pintos Lobo R, Hare MM, Morris SSJ, Laird AR, Musser ED. Parental Deprivation- and Threat-Based Factors Associated with Youth Emotion-Based Neurocircuitry and Externalizing Behavior: A Systematic Review. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:311-323. [PMID: 37831222 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01138-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Parental factors, including negative parenting practices (e.g., family conflict, low monitoring), parental depression, and parental substance use, are associated with externalizing behaviors among youth. However, the ways in which these parental factors are associated with youth brain function and consequent externalizing behavior has been less studied. Both the dimensional and stress acceleration models provide frameworks for understanding how parental factors may be associated with frontolimbic and frontoparietal networks implicated in emotional attention and regulation processes. The current review builds upon this work by examining how deprivation- and threat-based parental factors are associated with youth neurocircuitry involved in emotional functioning and externalizing behaviors. A systematic review using PRISMA guidelines was completed and included five studies assessing parenting behaviors, six studies assessing parental depressive symptoms and/or diagnosis, and 12 studies assessing parental history of substance use. Synthesis of reviewed studies discusses support for the dimensional and stress acceleration models within the context of deprivation and threat. Further, a limited number of studies tested (i.e., six studies) and supported (i.e., three studies) youth neural structure and function as a mediator of the association between parental factors and youth externalizing behavior. Specific recommendations for future work include more deliberate planning related to sample composition, improved clarity related to parental constructs, consistency in methodology, and longitudinal study design in order to better understand associations between contextual parental influences and youth neural and behavioral functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Feeney
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
| | | | - Megan M Hare
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Angela R Laird
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Erica D Musser
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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Norbom LB, Rokicki J, Eilertsen EM, Wiker T, Hanson J, Dahl A, Alnæs D, Fernández‐Cabello S, Beck D, Agartz I, Andreassen OA, Westlye LT, Tamnes CK. Parental education and income are linked to offspring cortical brain structure and psychopathology at 9-11 years. JCPP ADVANCES 2024; 4:e12220. [PMID: 38486948 PMCID: PMC10933599 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A child's socioeconomic environment can shape central aspects of their life, including vulnerability to mental disorders. Negative environmental influences in youth may interfere with the extensive and dynamic brain development occurring at this time. Indeed, there are numerous yet diverging reports of associations between parental socioeconomic status (SES) and child cortical brain morphometry. Most of these studies have used single metric- or unimodal analyses of standard cortical morphometry that downplay the probable scenario where numerous biological pathways in sum account for SES-related cortical differences in youth. Methods To comprehensively capture such variability, using data from 9758 children aged 8.9-11.1 years from the ABCD Study®, we employed linked independent component analysis (LICA) and fused vertex-wise cortical thickness, surface area, curvature and grey-/white-matter contrast (GWC). LICA revealed 70 uni- and multimodal components. We then assessed the linear relationships between parental education, parental income and each of the cortical components, controlling for age, sex, genetic ancestry, and family relatedness. We also assessed whether cortical structure moderated the negative relationships between parental SES and child general psychopathology. Results Parental education and income were both associated with larger surface area and higher GWC globally, in addition to local increases in surface area and to a lesser extent bidirectional GWC and cortical thickness patterns. The negative relation between parental income and child psychopathology were attenuated in children with a multimodal pattern of larger frontal- and smaller occipital surface area, and lower medial occipital thickness and GWC. Conclusion Structural brain MRI is sensitive to SES diversity in childhood, with GWC emerging as a particularly relevant marker together with surface area. In low-income families, having a more developed cortex across MRI metrics, appears beneficial for mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn B. Norbom
- PROMENTA Research CenterDepartment of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- NORMENTInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Jaroslav Rokicki
- NORMENTInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Centre of Research and Education in Forensic PsychiatryOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Espen M. Eilertsen
- PROMENTA Research CenterDepartment of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Thea Wiker
- PROMENTA Research CenterDepartment of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- NORMENTInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Psychiatric ResearchDiakonhjemmet HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Jamie Hanson
- Learning Research and Development Center University of PittsburghPennsylvaniaPittsburghUSA
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of PittsburghPennsylvaniaPittsburghUSA
| | - Andreas Dahl
- NORMENTInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Dag Alnæs
- NORMENTInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of PsychologyPedagogy and LawKristiania University CollegeOsloNorway
| | | | - Dani Beck
- PROMENTA Research CenterDepartment of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- NORMENTInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Psychiatric ResearchDiakonhjemmet HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENTInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Psychiatric ResearchDiakonhjemmet HospitalOsloNorway
- K.G Jebsen Center for Neurodevelopmental DisordersUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Centre for Psychiatry ResearchDepartment of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care ServicesStockholmSweden
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- K.G Jebsen Center for Neurodevelopmental DisordersUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- NORMENTDivision of Mental Health and AddictionOslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- K.G Jebsen Center for Neurodevelopmental DisordersUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- NORMENTDivision of Mental Health and AddictionOslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Christian K. Tamnes
- PROMENTA Research CenterDepartment of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- NORMENTInstitute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Psychiatric ResearchDiakonhjemmet HospitalOsloNorway
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Barton AW, Yu T, Gong Q, Chen E, Miller GE, Brody GH. Skin-deep Resilience and Early Adolescence: Neighborhood Disadvantage, Executive Functioning, and Pubertal Development in Minority Youth. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:284-293. [PMID: 38015355 PMCID: PMC10989318 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01911-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Skin-deep resilience, in which youth overcome adversity and achieve success in psychological and academic domains but at a cost to their physiological well-being, has been documented in late adolescence and adulthood. However, its potential to emerge at earlier developmental stages is unknown. To address this gap, secondary data analyses were executed using waves 1 and 2 of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study (n = 7712; ages 9-10 years at baseline [mean: 9.92; SD = 0.63]; 47.1% female; 66.1% White, 13.4% Black, and 20.6% Hispanic). The results indicated high levels of executive functioning were associated with improved psychological and behavioral outcomes at one-year follow-up. However, for racial and ethnic minority (i.e., Black or Hispanic) youth from disadvantaged neighborhoods, high levels of executive functioning were also associated with accelerated pubertal development. No significant interaction was observed among White youth. The findings suggest the skin-deep resilience pattern may be evident in early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen W Barton
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Tianyi Yu
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Qiujie Gong
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Edith Chen
- Department of Psychology & Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Gregory E Miller
- Department of Psychology & Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Gene H Brody
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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38
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Lindenmuth M, Hodes GE, Herd T, Casas B, Kim-Spoon J. Longitudinal associations between dimensions of maltreatment and internalizing symptoms in late adolescence: The role of inflammation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 35:100719. [PMID: 38261884 PMCID: PMC10796806 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood adversity and depression have been linked with heightened inflammation. However, few longitudinal studies examine how dimensions of maltreatment (i.e., abuse and neglect) differentially impact pathways to heightened inflammation and internalizing symptoms. The present study examined effects of abuse and neglect on (1) internalizing symptoms through inflammation, and (2) on inflammation through internalizing symptoms across 3 years of adolescence in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. In a sample of 78 adolescents, significant indirect effects revealed that childhood abuse, not neglect, significantly predicted future internalizing symptoms, which predicted future heighted C-reactive protein (CRP). Using prospective longitudinal data, these findings emphasize the importance of examining distinct forms of maltreatment in understanding the developmental pathways connecting early adversity, internalizing symptoms, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Toria Herd
- College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Brooks Casas
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Roanoke, VA, USA
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Xenaki LA, Dimitrakopoulos S, Selakovic M, Stefanis N. Stress, Environment and Early Psychosis. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:437-460. [PMID: 37592817 PMCID: PMC10845077 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230817153631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Existing literature provides extended evidence of the close relationship between stress dysregulation, environmental insults, and psychosis onset. Early stress can sensitize genetically vulnerable individuals to future stress, modifying their risk for developing psychotic phenomena. Neurobiological substrate of the aberrant stress response to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation, disrupted inflammation processes, oxidative stress increase, gut dysbiosis, and altered brain signaling, provides mechanistic links between environmental risk factors and the development of psychotic symptoms. Early-life and later-life exposures may act directly, accumulatively, and repeatedly during critical neurodevelopmental time windows. Environmental hazards, such as pre- and perinatal complications, traumatic experiences, psychosocial stressors, and cannabis use might negatively intervene with brain developmental trajectories and disturb the balance of important stress systems, which act together with recent life events to push the individual over the threshold for the manifestation of psychosis. The current review presents the dynamic and complex relationship between stress, environment, and psychosis onset, attempting to provide an insight into potentially modifiable factors, enhancing resilience and possibly influencing individual psychosis liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida-Alkisti Xenaki
- First Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 72 Vas. Sophias Ave., Athens, 115 28, Greece
| | - Stefanos Dimitrakopoulos
- First Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 72 Vas. Sophias Ave., Athens, 115 28, Greece
| | - Mirjana Selakovic
- First Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 72 Vas. Sophias Ave., Athens, 115 28, Greece
| | - Nikos Stefanis
- First Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 72 Vas. Sophias Ave., Athens, 115 28, Greece
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Merz EC, Myers B, Hansen M, Simon KR, Strack J, Noble KG. Socioeconomic Disparities in Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Regulation and Prefrontal Cortical Structure. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 4:83-96. [PMID: 38090738 PMCID: PMC10714216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Socioeconomic disadvantage during childhood predicts an increased risk for mental health problems across the life span. Socioeconomic disadvantage shapes multiple aspects of children's proximal environments and increases exposure to chronic stressors. Drawing from multiple literatures, we propose that childhood socioeconomic disadvantage may lead to adaptive changes in the regulation of stress response systems including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. These changes, in turn, affect the development of prefrontal cortical (PFC) circuitry responsible for top-down control over cognitive and emotional processes. Translational findings indicate that chronic stress reduces dendritic complexity and spine density in the medial PFC and anterior cingulate cortex, in part through altered HPA axis regulation. Socioeconomic disadvantage has frequently been associated with reduced gray matter in the dorsolateral and ventrolateral PFC and anterior cingulate cortex and lower fractional anisotropy in the superior longitudinal fasciculus, cingulum bundle, and uncinate fasciculus during middle childhood and adolescence. Evidence of socioeconomic disparities in hair cortisol concentrations in children has accumulated, although null findings have been reported. Coupled with links between cortisol levels and reduced gray matter in the PFC and anterior cingulate cortex, these results support mechanistic roles for the HPA axis and these PFC circuits. Future longitudinal studies should simultaneously consider multiple dimensions of proximal factors, including cognitive stimulation, while focusing on epigenetic processes and genetic moderators to elucidate how socioeconomic context may influence the HPA axis and PFC circuitry involved in cognitive and emotional control. These findings, which point to modifiable factors, can be harnessed to inform policy and more effective prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C. Merz
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Brent Myers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Melissa Hansen
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Katrina R. Simon
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Jordan Strack
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Kimberly G. Noble
- Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Kertes DA, Clendinen C, Duan K, Rabinowitz JA, Browning C, Kvam P. The Social Environment Matters for Telomere Length and Internalizing Problems During Adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:21-35. [PMID: 37747680 PMCID: PMC10761382 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01848-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Depression and anxiety symptoms are on the rise among adolescents. With increasing evidence that cellular aging may be associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms, there is an urgent need to identify the social environment context that may moderate this link. This study addresses this research gap by investigating the moderating role of the social environment on the relation between telomere length and emotional health among adolescents. Participants were 411 non-Hispanic (88.56%) Black (100%) adolescents (M = 14.23 years, SD = 1.85, female = 54%) in a major metropolitan city. Youth and parents reported on an array of social risk and protective factors, and youth provided DNA samples for telomere length measurement. Results demonstrated that the association of telomere length and anxiety symptoms was stronger among youth with higher perceived stress or lower school belongingness, and the association of telomere length with depressive symptoms was stronger under conditions of higher parent inter-partner psychological aggression. The results enhance our understanding of the complex associations between biological aging, the social environment, and mental health in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darlene A Kertes
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, 945 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611-2250, USA.
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, 945 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611-2250, USA.
| | - Cherita Clendinen
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, 945 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611-2250, USA
| | - Ke Duan
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, 945 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611-2250, USA
| | - Jill A Rabinowitz
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Christopher Browning
- Department of Sociology, Ohio State University, 1885 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Peter Kvam
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, 945 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL, 32611-2250, USA
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Maayan L, Maayan M. Inflammatory mediation of the relationship between early adversity and major depressive disorder: A systematic review. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 169:364-377. [PMID: 38154266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Early adverse experience is related to psychiatric illness that occurs decades later. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have not been fully identified. There is a translational and clinical literature linking early adversity with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and inflammation. We reviewed articles that examine whether inflammation mediates this relationship. METHODS Literature review of PUB MED, CINAHL and APA Psycinfo articles that explicitly examine inflammation as a mediator between early adversity and depression using ((((((((((adversity) OR (trauma)) OR (maltreatment)) OR (child abuse)) AND (inflammation)) OR (inflammatory cytokines)) OR (crp)) OR (il-6)) OR (tnf)) AND (mediates)) AND (depression))))))))) as key words. RESULTS 2842 articles were initially identified. 1338 non-human studies were excluded and 512 more were filtered out as reviews. The remaining 992 titles and, when necessary, abstracts and manuscripts were reviewed and 956 were removed as being of other non-related phenomena. Four additional studies were added by hand searching the references of remaining studies. Out of these 40, 15 explicitly examined inflammation as a mediator of the relationship between early adversity and later depression. Approximately half (8/15) showed evidence that inflammation mediated the relationship between early adversity and depression. Sensitivity analyses showed that studies taking place in clinical populations, in youth and those that used the Adverse Childhood Events Scale to measure adversity, and IL-6 and TNF-α (as opposed to CRP) to measure inflammation were most likely to show mediation. CONCLUSIONS There is evidence to support the model of inflammation mediating the relationship between early adversity and depression. Certain measures in clinical populations appear more likely to support this model. Further study with more standardized, robust methods will help to answer this question more definitively and may elucidate a subtype of depression related to early adversity by alterations in immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Maayan
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Michal Maayan
- Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY, 12866, USA
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Cohen JW, Ramphal B, DeSerisy M, Zhao Y, Pagliaccio D, Colcombe S, Milham MP, Margolis AE. Relative brain age is associated with socioeconomic status and anxiety/depression problems in youth. Dev Psychol 2024; 60:199-209. [PMID: 37747510 PMCID: PMC10993304 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Brain age, a measure of biological aging in the brain, has been linked to psychiatric illness, principally in adult populations. Components of socioeconomic status (SES) associate with differences in brain structure and psychiatric risk across the lifespan. This study aimed to investigate the influence of SES on brain aging in childhood and adolescence, a period of rapid neurodevelopment and peak onset for many psychiatric disorders. We reanalyzed data from the Healthy Brain Network to examine the influence of SES components (occupational prestige, public assistance enrollment, parent education, and household income-to-needs ratio [INR]) on relative brain age (RBA). Analyses included 470 youth (5-17 years; 61.3% men), self-identifying as White (55%), African American (15%), Hispanic (9%), or multiracial (17.2%). Household income was 3.95 ± 2.33 (mean ± SD) times the federal poverty threshold. RBA quantified differences between chronological age and brain age using covariation patterns of morphological features and total volumes. We also examined associations between RBA and psychiatric symptoms (Child Behavior Checklist [CBCL]). Models covaried for sex, scan location, and parent psychiatric diagnoses. In a linear regression, lower RBA is associated with lower parent occupational prestige (p = .01), lower public assistance enrollment (p = .03), and more parent psychiatric diagnoses (p = .01), but not parent education or INR. Lower parent occupational prestige (p = .02) and lower RBA (p = .04) are associated with higher CBCL anxious/depressed scores. Our findings underscore the importance of including SES components in developmental brain research. Delayed brain aging may represent a potential biological pathway from SES to psychiatric risk. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W. Cohen
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University
| | - Bruce Ramphal
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University
- T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard Medical School
| | - Mariah DeSerisy
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
| | - Yihong Zhao
- Columbia University School of Nursing
- Center for Biological Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, United States
| | - David Pagliaccio
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University
| | - Stan Colcombe
- Center for Biological Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, United States
| | - Michael P. Milham
- Child Mind Institute, New York, New York, United States
- Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, United States
| | - Amy E. Margolis
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University
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44
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Tournoy TK, Moons P, Daelman B, De Backer J. Biological Age in Congenital Heart Disease-Exploring the Ticking Clock. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:492. [PMID: 38132660 PMCID: PMC10743752 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10120492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 50 years, there has been a major shift in age distribution of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) thanks to significant advancements in medical and surgical treatment. Patients with CHD are, however, never cured and face unique challenges throughout their lives. In this review, we discuss the growing data suggesting accelerated aging in this population. Adults with CHD are more often and at a younger age confronted with age-related cardiovascular complications such as heart failure, arrhythmia, and coronary artery disease. These can be related to the original birth defect, complications of correction, or any residual defects. In addition, and less deductively, more systemic age-related complications are seen earlier, such as renal dysfunction, lung disease, dementia, stroke, and cancer. The occurrence of these complications at a younger age makes it imperative to further map out the aging process in patients across the spectrum of CHD. We review potential feasible markers to determine biological age and provide an overview of the current data. We provide evidence for an unmet need to further examine the aging paradigm as this stresses the higher need for care and follow-up in this unique, newly aging population. We end by exploring potential approaches to improve lifespan care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijs K. Tournoy
- Department of Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Philip Moons
- KU Leuven Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Bo Daelman
- KU Leuven Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julie De Backer
- Department of Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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45
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Stewart J, Bradley J, Smith S, McPeake J, Walsh T, Haines K, Leggett N, Hart N, McAuley D. Do critical illness survivors with multimorbidity need a different model of care? Crit Care 2023; 27:485. [PMID: 38066562 PMCID: PMC10709866 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-023-04770-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
There is currently a lack of evidence on the optimal strategy to support patient recovery after critical illness. Previous research has largely focussed on rehabilitation interventions which aimed to address physical, psychological, and cognitive functional sequelae, the majority of which have failed to demonstrate benefit for the selected outcomes in clinical trials. It is increasingly recognised that a person's existing health status, and in particular multimorbidity (usually defined as two or more medical conditions) and frailty, are strongly associated with their long-term outcomes after critical illness. Recent evidence indicates the existence of a distinct subgroup of critical illness survivors with multimorbidity and high healthcare utilisation, whose prior health trajectory is a better predictor of long-term outcomes than the severity of their acute illness. This review examines the complex relationships between multimorbidity and patient outcomes after critical illness, which are likely mediated by a range of factors including the number, severity, and modifiability of a person's medical conditions, as well as related factors including treatment burden, functional status, healthcare delivery, and social support. We explore potential strategies to optimise patient recovery after critical illness in the presence of multimorbidity. A comprehensive and individualized approach is likely necessary including close coordination among healthcare providers, medication reconciliation and management, and addressing the physical, psychological, and social aspects of recovery. Providing patient-centred care that proactively identifies critical illness survivors with multimorbidity and accounts for their unique challenges and needs is likely crucial to facilitate recovery and improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Stewart
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
| | - Judy Bradley
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Susan Smith
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Joanne McPeake
- The Healthcare Improvement Studies Institute, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timothy Walsh
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Kimberley Haines
- Department of Critical Care, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nina Leggett
- Department of Critical Care, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nigel Hart
- Centre for Medical Education, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Danny McAuley
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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46
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Hawes DJ, Allen JL. A Developmental Psychopathology Perspective on Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs): Introduction to the Special Issue. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:1715-1723. [PMID: 37421507 PMCID: PMC10661772 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01100-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including child maltreatment and other adversities in the home context and beyond (e.g., witnessing domestic violence; parental mental illness; parental separation; living in a disadvantaged neighborhood) are prevalent in the population and often covary together. Research based on the construct of ACEs has transformed the field of adult mental health, yet child and adolescent mental health has often been overlooked in this work. This special issue of Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology focuses on the developmental science of ACEs and child psychopathology. The research presented here draws on the extensive evidence base that now exists regarding the co-occurrence of common childhood adversities, while informing the integration of theory and research on ACEs with that of developmental psychopathology at large. This Introduction provides an overview of ACEs and child mental health from a developmental psychopathology perspective, with an emphasis on key concepts and recent progress spanning the prenatal period through to adolescence and intergenerational pathways. Models of ACEs that emphasize the multi-dimensional nature of adversity and the importance of developmental timing to risk and protective pathways, have played a driving role in this progress. Methodological innovations in this work are highlighted, along with implications for prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Hawes
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Rakesh D, Elzeiny R, Vijayakumar N, Whittle S. A longitudinal study of childhood maltreatment, subcortical development, and subcortico-cortical structural maturational coupling from early to late adolescence. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7525-7536. [PMID: 37203450 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723001253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Examining neurobiological mechanisms that may transmit the effects of childhood maltreatment on mental health in youth is crucial for understanding vulnerability to psychopathology. This study investigated associations between childhood maltreatment, adolescent structural brain development, and mental health trajectories into young-adulthood. METHODS Structural magnetic resonance imaging data was acquired from 144 youth at three time points (age 12, 16, and 18 years). Childhood maltreatment was reported to occur prior to the first scan. Linear mixed models were utilized to examine the association between total childhood maltreatment, neglect, abuse and (i) amygdala and hippocampal volume development, and (ii) maturational coupling between amygdala/hippocampus volume and the thickness of prefrontal regions. We also examined whether brain development mediated the association between maltreatment and depressive and anxiety symptoms trajectories from age 12 to 28. RESULTS Total maltreatment, and neglect, were associated with positive maturational coupling between the amygdala and caudal anterior cingulate cortex (cACC), whereby at higher and lower levels of amygdala growth, maltreatment was associated with lower and higher PFC thinning, respectively. Neglect was also associated with maturational coupling of the hippocampus with prefrontal regions. While positive amygdala-cACC maturational coupling was associated with greater increases in anxiety symptoms, it did not significantly mediate the association between maltreatment and anxiety symptom trajectories. CONCLUSION We found maltreatment to be associated with altered patterns of coupling between subcortical and prefrontal regions during adolescence, suggesting that maltreatment is associated with the development of socio-emotional neural circuitry. The implications of these findings for mental health require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyangana Rakesh
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Reham Elzeiny
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nandita Vijayakumar
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Hamlat EJ, Neilands TB, Laraia B, Zhang J, Lu AT, Lin J, Horvath S, Epel ES. Early life adversity predicts an accelerated cellular aging phenotype through early timing of puberty. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7720-7728. [PMID: 37325994 PMCID: PMC11131158 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723001629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study examined if early adversity was associated with accelerated biological aging, and if effects were mediated by the timing of puberty. METHODS In early mid-life, 187 Black and 198 White (Mage = 39.4, s.d.age = 1.2) women reported on early abuse and age at first menstruation (menarche). Women provided saliva and blood to assess epigenetic aging, telomere length, and C-reactive protein. Using structural equation modeling, we created a latent variable of biological aging using epigenetic aging, telomere length, and C-reactive protein as indicators, and a latent variable of early abuse using indicators of abuse/threat events before age 13, physical abuse, and sexual abuse. We estimated the indirect effects of early abuse and of race on accelerated aging through age at menarche. Race was used as a proxy for adversity in the form of systemic racism. RESULTS There was an indirect effect of early adversity on accelerated aging through age at menarche (b = 0.19, 95% CI 0.03-0.44), in that women who experienced more adversity were younger at menarche, which was associated with greater accelerated aging. There was also an indirect effect of race on accelerated aging through age at menarche (b = 0.25, 95% CI 0.04-0.52), in that Black women were younger at menarche, which led to greater accelerated aging. CONCLUSIONS Early abuse and being Black in the USA may both induce a phenotype of accelerated aging. Early adversity may begin to accelerate aging during childhood, in the form of early pubertal timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa J. Hamlat
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Torsten B. Neilands
- Division of Prevention Science | Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Laraia
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Zhang
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ake T. Lu
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Elissa S. Epel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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49
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Nguyen PT, Gordon CT, Owens EB, Hinshaw SP. Patterns of Childhood Adversity among Women with and without Childhood ADHD: Links to Adult Psychopathology and Global Functioning. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:1813-1825. [PMID: 36399241 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-022-00994-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We examine the outcomes associated with childhood adversity for women with and without carefully diagnosed childhood ADHD, via an ethnically diverse sample of 140 participants with ADHD (Mage = 9.7) and 88 age- and ethnicity-matched comparisons (Mage = 9.4). At adult follow-up, we retained 211 of the original 228 participants (92.6%; Mage = 25.6). We used latent class analysis to identify patterns of childhood adversity and examine their association with adult global functioning and psychopathology. Key findings: (1) Four childhood adversity classes emerged (Low Exposure, Familial Dysfunction, Emotional Maltreatment, Pervasive Exposure); (2) Childhood ADHD predicted membership in the Emotional Maltreatment class; and (3) Childhood adversity classes were differently associated with adult outcomes, such that membership in both the Emotional Maltreatment and Pervasive Exposure classes predicted significantly higher internalizing and externalizing symptoms as well as significantly lower global functioning than women in the Low Exposure class. Furthermore, compared to the Emotional Maltreatment class, the Familial Dysfunction class had lower externalizing symptoms, whereas the Pervasive Exposure class had lower global functioning and higher internalizing symptoms by adulthood. Findings provide information about girls and women who could be targeted for intervention in terms of ADHD behavior patterns plus adverse experiences in childhood. Beyond limitations, we discuss the need to investigate the confluence of neurodevelopmental conditions and adverse child events with respect to maladaptive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuc T Nguyen
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Chanelle T Gordon
- Child and Family Translational Research Center, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | - Stephen P Hinshaw
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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50
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McLaughlin KA, Weissman DG, Flournoy J. Challenges with Latent Variable Approaches to Operationalizing Dimensions of Childhood adversity - a Commentary on Sisitsky et al. (2023). Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:1809-1811. [PMID: 37581854 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01114-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Childhood adversity is a common, powerful risk factor for future mental and physical health problems. Appropriately aggregating and categorizing discrete adverse experiences into cumulative indices remains an active area of research and debate in the field of developmental psychopathology. In a recent article by Sisitsky et al. (2013), they report using confirmatory factor analysis and latent profile analysis to categorize participants into "profiles" of childhood adversity. In this commentary, we argue that categorizing dimensions or profiles of childhood adversity based on the tendency of adversities to co-occur is misaligned with dimensional models of adversity, which derive underlying dimensions from their tendency to cumulatively predict certain outcomes rather than adversity co-occurrence. We summarize the history of theories and methods of operationalizing childhood adversity that led to the development of the dimensional model of adversity and psychopathology. We then explain why latent variable approaches, which simply reflect the tendency of adverse experiences to co-occur, are inappropriate for validating any given approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A McLaughlin
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, 02138, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David G Weissman
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, 02138, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - John Flournoy
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, 02138, Cambridge, MA, USA
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