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Butler JM, McKinney JE, Ludington SC, Mabogunje M, Baker P, Singh D, Edwards SV, O'Connell LA. Tadpoles rely on mechanosensory stimuli for communication when visual capabilities are poor. Dev Biol 2024; 514:66-77. [PMID: 38851558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The ways in which animals sense the world changes throughout development. For example, young of many species have limited visual capabilities, but still make social decisions, likely based on information gathered through other sensory modalities. Poison frog tadpoles display complex social behaviors that have been suggested to rely on vision despite a century of research indicating tadpoles have poorly-developed visual systems relative to adults. Alternatively, other sensory modalities, such as the lateral line system, are functional at hatching in frogs and may guide social decisions while other sensory systems mature. Here, we examined development of the mechanosensory lateral line and visual systems in tadpoles of the mimic poison frog (Ranitomeya imitator) that use vibrational begging displays to stimulate egg feeding from their mothers. We found that tadpoles hatch with a fully developed lateral line system. While begging behavior increases with development, ablating the lateral line system inhibited begging in pre-metamorphic tadpoles, but not in metamorphic tadpoles. We also found that the increase in begging and decrease in reliance on the lateral line co-occurs with increased retinal neural activity and gene expression associated with eye development. Using the neural tracer neurobiotin, we found that axonal innervations from the eye to the brain proliferate during metamorphosis, with few retinotectal connections in recently-hatched tadpoles. We then tested visual function in a phototaxis assay and found tadpoles prefer darker environments. The strength of this preference increased with developmental stage, but eyes were not required for this behavior, possibly indicating a role for the pineal gland. Together, these data suggest that tadpoles rely on different sensory modalities for social interactions across development and that the development of sensory systems in socially complex poison frog tadpoles is similar to that of other frog species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Butler
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, United States.
| | | | | | - Moremi Mabogunje
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, United States; Foothill Community College, United States
| | - Penelope Baker
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, United States
| | - Devraj Singh
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, United States; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, United States; Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, United States
| | - Scott V Edwards
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, United States; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, United States
| | - Lauren A O'Connell
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, United States; Wu Tsai Institute for Neuroscience, Stanford University, United States.
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2
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Liao L, Li J, Chen M, An R. Effects of hydraulic cues in barrier environments on fish navigation downstream of dams. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 365:121495. [PMID: 38936016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Understanding how hydraulic cues in the barrier environment affect fish navigation is critical to fish migration in dammed rivers. However, most of the current research on the effects of hydraulic cues on fish navigation focuses on the effects of a single hydraulic parameter on fish migration and usually ignores fish sensory perception and swimming ability. This study presents an effective approach that combines a computational fluid dynamics model of a river with a model of fish behaviour to elucidate the effects of hydraulic cues in the barrier environment on fish migration paths and strategies by simulating the fish's perception of flow direction and their regulation of multiple hydraulic parameters. Four release scenarios for the dam were reviewed and it was determined that the modelled fish movements realistically reflected actual observations. In various scenarios, the target fish (Schizothorax chongi) managed to move upstream to the tailrace downstream of the dam, despite the hydraulic barrier created by the mainstem area of the river; they overcame this obstacle by exploiting low-velocity zones on both sides of the mainstem and in the river's boundary layer. During upstream movement, the target fish preferred areas with flow velocities between 0.7 and 1.0 m/s and a turbulent kinetic energy of less than 0.3 m2/s2 to maintain aerobic activity. Additionally, the effects of alternative turbine release strategies on the fine-motor movement of target fish were reviewed and an optimised strategy was provided that could increase the proportion of target fish entering the fish passage facility from 0% to 53.8% in the original scenario to 82.6%. This study provides a feasible method for the simulation of fish fine motion in complex flow environments as well as a scientific basis for the management of fish resources in dammed rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ruidong An
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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3
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Tantry MSA, Santhakumar K. Unveiling the ototoxic effects of paraquat on zebrafish larva. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 273:107030. [PMID: 39067264 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Paraquat is a widely utilized herbicide in agricultural fields posing a significant impact on human health and the environment due to its potent oxidant properties. Rampant paraquat usage leads to serious health hazards to farmers and the ecosystem, particularly the water bodies. Paraquat exposure can damage dopaminergic neurons causing Parkinson's disease in humans and other animal models. Extensive research has been done regarding the mode of action, pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms of paraquat-induced Parkinson's disease. Meanwhile, the ototoxic effect of paraquat remains poorly understood. Potential ototoxins can cause sensorineural hearing loss, one of the most common sensory disabilities in humans. In this study, we investigated the harmful effects of paraquat on neuromast hair cells in zebrafish larvae, a powerful model organism for auditory research. We treated sub-lethal concentrations (125 μM to 1000 μM) of paraquat to 3 and 4 dpf zebrafish larvae to investigate its ototoxic effects via rheotaxis behavioral assay, neuromast staining and scanning electron microscopy. The behavioral assay findings showed a drastic decline in the rheotaxis behavior in all the concentrations of paraquat-treated larvae. Furthermore, DASPEI neuromast vital staining displayed a dose-dependent reduction in the neuromast hair cells as we increased the paraquat concentration. The scanning electron microscope data revealed the significant shortening of kinociliary length, a decrease in stereociliary density and changes in semilunar peridermal cell morphology signifying the damaging effects of paraquat at the cellular level. Collectively, the behavioral, anatomical and morphological studies highlight the potential ototoxic effects of paraquat on zebrafish neuromast hair cells, further signifying its potential role in causing hearing loss in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Ananthakrishna Tantry
- Zebrafish Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, India
| | - Kirankumar Santhakumar
- Zebrafish Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, India.
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4
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Blondel L, Klemet-N'Guessan S, Hendry AP, Scott ME. Parasite load, rather than parasite presence, decreases upstream movement in Trinidadian guppies Poecilia reticulata. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 105:177-185. [PMID: 38684192 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Several factors influence whether an organism remains in its local habitat. Parasites can, for example, influence host movement by impacting their behavior, physiology, and morphology. In rivers, fish that swim efficiently against the current are able to maintain their position without being displaced downstream, a behavior referred to as positive rheotaxis. We hypothesized that both the presence and number of ectoparasites on a host would affect the ability of fish to avoid downstream displacement and thus prevent them from remaining in their habitat. We used the guppy-Gyrodactylus host-ectoparasite model to test whether parasite presence and parasite load had an effect on fish rheotaxis. We quantified rheotaxis of sham-infected and parasite-infected fish in a circular flow tank in the laboratory prior to infection and 5-6 days postinfection. Both parasite-infected and sham-infected individuals expressed similar levels of positive rheotaxis prior to infection and after infection. However, with increasing parasite numbers, guppies covered less distance in the upstream direction and spent more time in slower flow zones. These results suggest that higher numbers of Gyrodactylus ectoparasites negatively influence rheotactic movements. Further research is needed to understand the ecological and evolutionary implications of this ectoparasite on fish movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Blondel
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Université de Lorraine, Metz, France
| | | | - A P Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Biology Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marilyn E Scott
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University (Macdonald Campus), Ste-Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada
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5
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Liu R, Ding Y, Xie G. Real-time position and pose prediction for a self-propelled undulatory swimmer in 3D space with artificial lateral line system. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2024; 19:046014. [PMID: 38722349 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ad493b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the feasibility of using an artificial lateral line (ALL) system for predicting the real-time position and pose of an undulating swimmer with Carangiform swimming patterns. We established a 3D computational fluid dynamics simulation to replicate the swimming dynamics of a freely swimming mackerel under various motion parameters, calculating the corresponding pressure fields. Using the simulated lateral line data, we trained an artificial neural network to predict the centroid coordinates and orientation of the swimmer. A comprehensive analysis was further conducted to explore the impact of sensor quantity, distribution, noise amplitude and sampling intervals of the ALL array on predicting performance. Additionally, to quantitatively assess the reliability of the localization network, we trained another neural network to evaluate error magnitudes for different input signals. These findings provide valuable insights for guiding future research on mutual sensing and schooling in underwater robotic fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruosi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Ding
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Normal University, Haidian District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Ocean Research, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Chen H, Xie L, Liu J, Zhang L, Yu J. Swarm Autonomy: From Agent Functionalization to Machine Intelligence. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2312956. [PMID: 38653192 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Swarm behaviors are common in nature, where individual organisms collaborate via perception, communication, and adaptation. Emulating these dynamics, large groups of active agents can self-organize through localized interactions, giving rise to complex swarm behaviors, which exhibit potential for applications across various domains. This review presents a comprehensive summary and perspective of synthetic swarms, to bridge the gap between the microscale individual agents and potential applications of synthetic swarms. It is begun by examining active agents, the fundamental units of synthetic swarms, to understand the origins of their motility and functionality in the presence of external stimuli. Then inter-agent communications and agent-environment communications that contribute to the swarm generation are summarized. Furthermore, the swarm behaviors reported to date and the emergence of machine intelligence within these behaviors are reviewed. Eventually, the applications enabled by distinct synthetic swarms are summarized. By discussing the emergent machine intelligence in swarm behaviors, insights are offered into the design and deployment of autonomous synthetic swarms for real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Wang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Leiming Xie
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jiangfan Yu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen, 518172, China
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7
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Rodríguez-Morales R. Sensing in the dark: Constructive evolution of the lateral line system in blind populations of Astyanax mexicanus. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11286. [PMID: 38654714 PMCID: PMC11036076 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cave-adapted animals evolve a suite of regressive and constructive traits that allow survival in the dark. Most studies aiming at understanding cave animal evolution have focused on the genetics and environmental underpinnings of regressive traits, with special emphasis on vision loss. Possibly as a result of vision loss, other non-visual sensory systems have expanded and compensated in cave species. For instance, in many cave-dwelling fish species, including the blind cavefish of the Mexican tetra, Astyanax mexicanus, a major non-visual mechanosensory system called the lateral line, compensated for vision loss through morphological expansions. While substantial work has shed light on constructive adaptation of this system, there are still many open questions regarding its developmental origin, synaptic plasticity, and overall adaptive value. This review provides a snapshot of the current state of knowledge of lateral line adaption in A. mexicanus, with an emphasis on anatomy, synaptic plasticity, and behavior. Multiple open avenues for future research in this system, and how these can be leveraged as tools for both evolutionary biology and evolutionary medicine, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rodríguez-Morales
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, School of Medicine University of Puerto Rico San Juan Puerto Rico
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8
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Hu X, Ma Z, Gong Z, Zhao F, Guo S, Zhang D, Jiang Y. A Highly Sensitive Deep-Sea Hydrodynamic Pressure Sensor Inspired by Fish Lateral Line. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:190. [PMID: 38534875 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9030190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrodynamic pressure sensors offer an auxiliary approach for ocean exploration by unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs). However, existing hydrodynamic pressure sensors often lack the ability to monitor subtle hydrodynamic stimuli in deep-sea environments. In this study, we present the development of a deep-sea hydrodynamic pressure sensor (DSHPS) capable of operating over a wide range of water depths while maintaining exceptional hydrodynamic sensing performance. The DSHPS device was systematically optimized by considering factors such as piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene/barium titanate [P(VDF-TrFE)/BTO] nanofibers, electrode configurations, sensing element dimensions, integrated circuits, and packaging strategies. The optimized DSHPS exhibited a remarkable pressure gradient response, achieving a minimum pressure difference detection capability of approximately 0.11 Pa. Additionally, the DSHPS demonstrated outstanding performance in the spatial positioning of dipole sources, which was elucidated through theoretical charge modeling and fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulations. Furthermore, the integration of a high Young's modulus packaging strategy inspired by fish skull morphology ensured reliable sensing capabilities of the DSHPS even at depths of 1000 m in the deep sea. The DSHPS also exhibited consistent and reproducible positioning performance for subtle hydrodynamic stimulus sources across this wide range of water depths. We envision that the development of the DSHPS not only enhances our understanding of the evolutionary aspects of deep-sea canal lateral lines but also paves the way for the advancement of artificial hydrodynamic pressure sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohe Hu
- School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zheng Gong
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fuqun Zhao
- School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Sheng Guo
- School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Deyuan Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yonggang Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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9
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Edgley DE, Carruthers M, Gabagambi NP, Saxon AD, Smith AM, Joyce DA, Vernaz G, Santos ME, Turner GF, Genner MJ. Lateral line system diversification during the early stages of ecological speciation in cichlid fish. BMC Ecol Evol 2024; 24:24. [PMID: 38378480 PMCID: PMC10877828 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-024-02214-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanosensory lateral line system is an important sensory modality in fishes, informing multiple behaviours related to survival including finding food and navigating in dark environments. Given its ecological importance, we may expect lateral line morphology to be under disruptive selection early in the ecological speciation process. Here we quantify the lateral line system morphology of two ecomorphs of the cichlid fish Astatotilapia calliptera in crater Lake Masoko that have diverged from common ancestry within the past 1,000 years. RESULTS Based on geometric morphometric analyses of CT scans, we show that the zooplanktivorous benthic ecomorph that dominates the deeper waters of the lake has large cranial lateral line canal pores, relative to those of the nearshore invertebrate-feeding littoral ecomorph found in the shallower waters. In contrast, fluorescence imaging revealed no evidence for divergence between ecomorphs in the number of either superficial or canal neuromasts. We illustrate the magnitude of the variation we observe in Lake Masoko A. calliptera in the context of the neighbouring Lake Malawi mega-radiation that comprises over 700 species. CONCLUSIONS These results provide the first evidence of divergence in this often-overlooked sensory modality in the early stages of ecological speciation, suggesting that it may have a role in the broader adaptive radiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan E Edgley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Madeleine Carruthers
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nestory P Gabagambi
- Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute, Kyela Centre, P.O. Box 98, Kyela, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Andrew D Saxon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alan M Smith
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Domino A Joyce
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Grégoire Vernaz
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome/Cancer Research UK, Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Emília Santos
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Martin J Genner
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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10
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Panta K, Deng H, Zhang Z, Huang D, Panah A, Cheng B. Touchless underwater wall-distance sensing via active proprioception of a robotic flapper. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2024; 19:026009. [PMID: 38252966 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ad2114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we explored a bioinspired method for underwater object sensing based on active proprioception. We investigated whether the fluid flows generated by a robotic flapper, while interacting with an underwater wall, can encode the distance information between the wall and the flapper, and how to decode this information using the proprioception within the flapper. Such touchless wall-distance sensing is enabled by the active motion of a flapping plate, which injects self-generated flow to the fluid environment, thus representing a form of active sensing. Specifically, we trained a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network to predict the wall distance based on the force and torque measured at the base of the flapping plate. In addition, we varied the Rossby number (Ro, or the aspect ratio of the plate) and the dimensionless flapping amplitude (A∗) to investigate how the rotational effects and unsteadiness of self-generated flow respectively affect the accuracy of the wall-distance prediction. Our results show that the median prediction error is within 5% of the plate length for all the wall-distances investigated (up to 40 cm or approximately 2-3 plate lengths depending on theRo); therefore, confirming that the self-generated flow can enable underwater perception. In addition, we show that stronger rotational effects at lowerRolead to higher prediction accuracy, while flow unsteadiness (A∗) only has moderate effects. Lastly, analysis based on SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) indicate that temporal features that are most prominent at stroke reversals likely promotes the wall-distance prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kundan Panta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - Hankun Deng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - Daning Huang
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - Azar Panah
- Division of Engineering, Business & Computing (Berks), The Pennsylvania State University, Reading, PA 19610, United States of America
| | - Bo Cheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
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11
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Hsu WL, Lin YC, Lin MJ, Wang YW, Lee SJ. Macrophages enhance regeneration of lateral line neuromast derived from interneuromast cells through TGF-β in zebrafish. Dev Growth Differ 2024; 66:133-144. [PMID: 38281811 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages play a pivotal role in the response to injury, contributing significantly to the repair and regrowth of damaged tissues. The external lateral line system in aquatic organisms offers a practical model for studying regeneration, featuring interneuromast cells connecting sensory neuromasts. Under normal conditions, these cells remain dormant, but their transformation into neuromasts occurs when overcoming inhibitory signals from Schwann cells and posterior lateral line nerves. The mechanism enabling interneuromast cells to evade inhibition by Schwann cells remains unclear. Previous observations suggest that macrophages physically interact with neuromasts, nerves, and Schwann cells during regeneration. This interaction leads to the regeneration of neuromasts in a subset of zebrafish with ablated neuromasts. To explore whether macrophages achieve this effect through secreted cytokines, we conducted experiments involving tail amputation in zebrafish larvae and tested the impact of cytokine inhibitors on neuromast regeneration. Most injured larvae remarkably regenerated a neuromast within 4 days post-amputation. Intriguingly, removal of macrophages and inhibition of the anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) significantly delayed neuromast regeneration. Conversely, inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) had minor effects on the regeneration process. This study provides insights into how macrophages activate interneuromast cells, elucidating the pathways underlying neuromast regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Hsu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ju Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Wang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Jye Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Coombs S. A multisensory perspective on near-field detection and localization of hydroacoustic sourcesa). THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 153:2545. [PMID: 37130204 DOI: 10.1121/10.0017926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper gives a brief synopsis of the research career of S.C. in fish bioacoustics with an emphasis on dipole near fields. The hydroacoustic nature of the dipole near field and the effective stimuli to lateral line and auditory systems combine to produce a multisensory, range-fractionated region that is critically important to many fish behaviors. The mottled sculpin and goldfish lateral lines encode the spatial complexities of the near field as spatial excitation patterns along the body surface to provide instantaneous snapshots of various source features such as distance, orientation, and direction of movement. In contrast, the pressure-sensitive channel of the goldfish auditory system [the anterior swim bladder (SB)-saccule complex] encodes the spatial complexities in a temporal fashion whenever the position or orientation of the source changes with respect to the anterior SB. A full appreciation for how these somatotopic and egocentric representations guide fish behavior requires an understanding of how multisensory information, including vision, is combined in sensorimotor regions of the brain to effect behavior. A brief overview of vertebrate brain organization indicates that behaviors directed to or away from hydroacoustic sources likely involve a variety of mechanisms, behavioral strategies, and brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl Coombs
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43402, USA
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13
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Kindig K, Stepanyan R, Kindt KS, McDermott BM. Asymmetric mechanotransduction by hair cells of the zebrafish lateral line. Curr Biol 2023; 33:1295-1307.e3. [PMID: 36905930 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
In the lateral line system, water motion is detected by neuromast organs, fundamental units that are arrayed on a fish's surface. Each neuromast contains hair cells, specialized mechanoreceptors that convert mechanical stimuli, in the form of water movement, into electrical signals. The orientation of hair cells' mechanosensitive structures ensures that the opening of mechanically gated channels is maximal when deflected in a single direction. In each neuromast organ, hair cells have two opposing orientations, enabling bi-directional detection of water movement. Interestingly, Tmc2b and Tmc2a proteins, which constitute the mechanotransduction channels in neuromasts, distribute asymmetrically so that Tmc2a is expressed in hair cells of only one orientation. Here, using both in vivo recording of extracellular potentials and calcium imaging of neuromasts, we demonstrate that hair cells of one orientation have larger mechanosensitive responses. The associated afferent neuron processes that innervate neuromast hair cells faithfully preserve this functional difference. Moreover, Emx2, a transcription factor required for the formation of hair cells with opposing orientations, is necessary to establish this functional asymmetry within neuromasts. Remarkably, loss of Tmc2a does not impact hair cell orientation but abolishes the functional asymmetry as measured by recording extracellular potentials and calcium imaging. Overall, our work indicates that oppositely oriented hair cells within a neuromast employ different proteins to alter mechanotransduction to sense the direction of water motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Kindig
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ruben Stepanyan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Katie S Kindt
- Section on Sensory Cell Development and Function, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Brian M McDermott
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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14
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Venuto A, Thibodeau-Beganny S, Trapani JG, Erickson T. A sensation for inflation: initial swim bladder inflation in larval zebrafish is mediated by the mechanosensory lateral line. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.12.523756. [PMID: 36712117 PMCID: PMC9882242 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.12.523756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Larval zebrafish achieve neutral buoyancy by swimming up to the surface and taking in air through their mouths to inflate their swim bladders. We define this behavior as 'surfacing'. Little is known about the sensory basis for this underappreciated behavior of larval fish. A strong candidate is the mechanosensory lateral line, a hair cell-based sensory system that detects hydrodynamic information from sources like water currents, predators, prey, and surface waves. However, a role for the lateral line in mediating initial inflation of the swim bladder has not been reported. To explore the connection between the lateral line and surfacing, we utilized a genetic mutant (lhfpl5b-/-) that renders the zebrafish lateral line insensitive to mechanical stimuli. We observe that approximately half of these lateral line mutants over-inflate their swim bladders during initial inflation and become positively buoyant. Thus, we hypothesize that larval zebrafish use their lateral line to moderate interactions with the air-water interface during surfacing to regulate swim bladder inflation. To test the hypothesis that lateral line defects are responsible for swim bladder over-inflation, we show exogenous air is required for the hyperinflation phenotype and transgenic rescue of hair cell function restores normal inflation. We also find that chemical ablation of anterior lateral line hair cells in wild type larvae causes hyperinflation. Furthermore, we show that manipulation of lateral line sensory information results in abnormal inflation. Finally, we report spatial and temporal differences in the surfacing behavior between wild type and lateral line mutant larvae. In summary, we propose a novel sensory basis for achieving neutral buoyancy where larval zebrafish use their lateral line to sense the air-water interface and regulate initial swim bladder inflation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Venuto
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | | | - Josef G. Trapani
- Department of Biology and Neuroscience Program, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Timothy Erickson
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
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15
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Ji F, Wu Y, Pumera M, Zhang L. Collective Behaviors of Active Matter Learning from Natural Taxes Across Scales. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2203959. [PMID: 35986637 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Taxis orientation is common in microorganisms, and it provides feasible strategies to operate active colloids as small-scale robots. Collective taxes involve numerous units that collectively perform taxis motion, whereby the collective cooperation between individuals enables the group to perform efficiently, adaptively, and robustly. Hence, analyzing and designing collectives is crucial for developing and advancing microswarm toward practical or clinical applications. In this review, natural taxis behaviors are categorized and synthetic microrobotic collectives are discussed as bio-inspired realizations, aiming at closing the gap between taxis strategies of living creatures and those of functional active microswarms. As collective behaviors emerge within a group, the global taxis to external stimuli guides the group to conduct overall tasks, whereas the local taxis between individuals induces synchronization and global patterns. By encoding the local orientations and programming the global stimuli, various paradigms can be introduced for coordinating and controlling such collective microrobots, from the viewpoints of fundamental science and practical applications. Therefore, by discussing the key points and difficulties associated with collective taxes of different paradigms, this review potentially offers insights into mimicking natural collective behaviors and constructing intelligent microrobotic systems for on-demand control and preassigned tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengtong Ji
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yilin Wu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Martin Pumera
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava, 70800, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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16
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Newton KC, Kacev D, Nilsson SRO, Saettele AL, Golden SA, Sheets L. Lateral line ablation by ototoxic compounds results in distinct rheotaxis profiles in larval zebrafish. Commun Biol 2023; 6:84. [PMID: 36681757 PMCID: PMC9867717 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish lateral line is an established model for hair cell organ damage, yet few studies link mechanistic disruptions to changes in biologically relevant behavior. We used larval zebrafish to determine how damage via ototoxic compounds impact rheotaxis. Larvae were treated with CuSO4 or neomycin to disrupt lateral line function then exposed to water flow stimuli. Their swimming behavior was recorded on video then DeepLabCut and SimBA software were used to track movements and classify rheotaxis behavior, respectively. Lateral line-disrupted fish performed rheotaxis, but they swam greater distances, for shorter durations, and with greater angular variance than controls. Furthermore, spectral decomposition analyses confirmed that lesioned fish exhibited ototoxic compound-specific behavioral profiles with distinct changes in the magnitude, frequency, and cross-correlation between fluctuations in linear and angular movements. Our observations demonstrate that lateral line input is needed for fish to hold their station in flow efficiently and reveals that commonly used lesion methods have unique effects on rheotaxis behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle C Newton
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Sciences, Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Oregon State University, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR, USA.
| | - Dovi Kacev
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Simon R O Nilsson
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Allison L Saettele
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sam A Golden
- Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lavinia Sheets
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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17
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Sy SKH, Chan DCW, Chan RCH, Lyu J, Li Z, Wong KKY, Choi CHJ, Mok VCT, Lai HM, Randlett O, Hu Y, Ko H. An optofluidic platform for interrogating chemosensory behavior and brainwide neural representation in larval zebrafish. Nat Commun 2023; 14:227. [PMID: 36641479 PMCID: PMC9840631 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35836-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying chemosensory processing desires precise chemical cue presentation, behavioral response monitoring, and large-scale neuronal activity recording. Here we present Fish-on-Chips, a set of optofluidic tools for highly-controlled chemical delivery while simultaneously imaging behavioral outputs and whole-brain neuronal activities at cellular resolution in larval zebrafish. These include a fluidics-based swimming arena and an integrated microfluidics-light sheet fluorescence microscopy (µfluidics-LSFM) system, both of which utilize laminar fluid flows to achieve spatiotemporally precise chemical cue presentation. To demonstrate the strengths of the platform, we used the navigation arena to reveal binasal input-dependent behavioral strategies that larval zebrafish adopt to evade cadaverine, a death-associated odor. The µfluidics-LSFM system enables sequential presentation of odor stimuli to individual or both nasal cavities separated by only ~100 µm. This allowed us to uncover brainwide neural representations of cadaverine sensing and binasal input summation in the vertebrate model. Fish-on-Chips is readily generalizable and will empower the investigation of neural coding in the chemical senses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel K H Sy
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Danny C W Chan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Roy C H Chan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jing Lyu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhongqi Li
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kenneth K Y Wong
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chung Hang Jonathan Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Chow Yuk Ho Technology Centre for Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vincent C T Mok
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Margaret K. L. Cheung Research Centre for Management of Parkinsonism, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hei-Ming Lai
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Margaret K. L. Cheung Research Centre for Management of Parkinsonism, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Owen Randlett
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Mathematics and Division of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ho Ko
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Peter Hung Pain Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Chow Yuk Ho Technology Centre for Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Margaret K. L. Cheung Research Centre for Management of Parkinsonism, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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18
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Scott E, Edgley DE, Smith A, Joyce DA, Genner MJ, Ioannou CC, Hauert S. Lateral line morphology, sensory perception and collective behaviour in African cichlid fish. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:221478. [PMID: 36704254 PMCID: PMC9874273 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.221478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The lateral line system of fishes provides cues for collective behaviour, such as shoaling, but it remains unclear how anatomical lateral line variation leads to behavioural differences among species. Here we studied associations between lateral line morphology and collective behaviour using two morphologically divergent species and their second-generation hybrids. We identify collective behaviours associated with variation in canal and superficial lateral line morphology, with closer proximities to neighbouring fish associated with larger canal pore sizes and fewer superficial neuromasts. A mechanistic understanding of the observed associations was provided by hydrodynamic modelling of an artificial lateral line sensor, which showed that simulated canal-based neuromasts were less susceptible to saturation during unidirectional movement than simulated superficial neuromasts, while increasing the canal pore size of the simulated lateral line sensor elevated sensitivity to vortices shed by neighbouring fish. Our results propose a mechanism behind lateral line flow sensing during collective behaviour in fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott Scott
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK
| | - Duncan E. Edgley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Alan Smith
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Domino A. Joyce
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Martin J. Genner
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | | | - Sabine Hauert
- Department of Engineering Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK
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19
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The influence of flow velocity on the response of rheophilic fish to visual cues. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281741. [PMID: 36913322 PMCID: PMC10010553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The strong association with visual cues exhibited by fish that prefer to inhabit flowing water (rheophilic species) may help reduce the energetic costs of maintaining position due to the provision of spatial points of reference. If this "Station Holding Hypothesis" is true, a positive relationship between the association with visual cues and flow velocity is expected. This hypothesis was tested experimentally by quantifying the response of common minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) to visual cues under three flow velocities. In contradiction to the prediction, there was no evidence that the association with strong visual cues was positively related to flow velocity when fish were presented with vertical black stripes in an open channel flume, although interspecific variation in response was observed. The association with visual cues was relatively weak in trout, compared to minnow that spent 660% more time associated with the zone in which visual cues were present during the treatment, than the control when visual cues were absent. Trout tended to be more exploratory and made short visits to the area where visual cues were present, whereas minnow associated with the cues for longer. The strong association with visual cues independent of flow velocity exhibited by minnow and the weak association across all velocities by trout suggest that this behaviour is unlikely to reflect a strategy to minimise the energetic cost of maintaining position in flowing water. Minnow may have used the visual cues as a proxy indicator of physical structure that provides alternative benefits, such as refuge from predators. Trout may have employed alternative cues (e.g. mechanosensory) to seek more energetically favourable regions of the experimental area, reducing the importance of stationary visual stimuli.
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20
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Kim SA, Kim L, Kim TH, An YJ. Assessing the size-dependent effects of microplastics on zebrafish larvae through fish lateral line system and gut damage. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 185:114279. [PMID: 36330940 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the size-dependent effects of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) fragments in zebrafish. Larvae were exposed to HDPE microplastic (MP) in three sizes, small (14.12 μm), medium (80.32 μm), and large (120.97 μm), at 20 mg/L. Size-dependent effects in terms of MP intake, subsequent gut damage, and behavioral changes were observed. The results showed that HDPE exposure did not affect the survivability of zebrafish larvae but caused two significant changes. First, exposure to large MPs caused the most serious damage to hair cells and mechanosensory receptors in the fish's lateral line system. Second, exposure to MPs < 100 μm resulted in their ingestion by larvae, thereby causing morphological changes in the gastrointestinal tract. All larvae exposed to MPs showed behavioral pattern changes associated with size differences. This study improves our understanding of the effects of MPs on aquatic organisms and highlights the need to implement efficient strategies for plastic waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang A Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Lia Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hee Kim
- Advanced Textile R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ansan 426-171, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Joo An
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Lin MJ, Lee CM, Hsu WL, Chen BC, Lee SJ. Macrophages Break Interneuromast Cell Quiescence by Intervening in the Inhibition of Schwann Cells in the Zebrafish Lateral Line. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:907863. [PMID: 35846366 PMCID: PMC9285731 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.907863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the zebrafish lateral line system, interneuromast cells (INCs) between neuromasts are kept quiescent by underlying Schwann cells (SWCs). Upon severe injuries that cause the complete loss of an entire neuromast, INCs can occasionally differentiate into neuromasts but how they escape from the inhibition by SWCs is still unclear. Using a genetic/chemical method to ablate a neuromast precisely, we found that a small portion of larvae can regenerate a new neuromast. However, the residual regeneration capacity was hindered by inhibiting macrophages. Using in toto imaging, we further discovered heterogeneities in macrophage behavior and distribution along the lateral line. We witnessed the crawling of macrophages between the injured lateral line and SWCs during regeneration and between the second primordium and the first mature lateral line during development. It implies that macrophages may physically alleviate the nerve inhibition to break the dormancy of INCs during regeneration and development in the zebrafish lateral line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ju Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Chia-Ming Lee
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Wei-Lin Hsu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Bi-Chang Chen
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
| | - Shyh-Jye Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
- Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
- *Correspondence: Shyh-Jye Lee,
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22
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Wang W, Wu Z, Yang L, Si T, He Q. Rational Design of Polymer Conical Nanoswimmers with Upstream Motility. ACS NANO 2022; 16:9317-9328. [PMID: 35576530 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing bottom-up controllable molecular assembly, the bio-inspired polyelectrolyte multilayer conical nanoswimmers with gold-nanoshell functionalization on different segments are presented to achieve the optimal upstream propulsion performance. The experimental investigation reveals that the presence of the gold nanoshells on the big openings of the nanoswimmers could not only bestow efficient directional propulsion but could also minimize the impact from the external flow. The gold nanoshells at the big openings of nanoswimmers facilitate the acoustically powered propulsion against a flow velocity of up to 2.00 mm s-1, which is higher than the blood velocity in capillaries and thus provides a proof-of-concept design for upstream nanoswimmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Jinlian Street, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhiguang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education), Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Jinlian Street, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Tieyan Si
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education), Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Qiang He
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Jinlian Street, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing (Ministry of Education), Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin 150080, China
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23
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Aranson IS. Bacterial active matter. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:076601. [PMID: 35605446 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac723d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria are among the oldest and most abundant species on Earth. Bacteria successfully colonize diverse habitats and play a significant role in the oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen cycles. They also form human and animal microbiota and may become sources of pathogens and a cause of many infectious diseases. Suspensions of motile bacteria constitute one of the most studied examples of active matter: a broad class of non-equilibrium systems converting energy from the environment (e.g., chemical energy of the nutrient) into mechanical motion. Concentrated bacterial suspensions, often termed active fluids, exhibit complex collective behavior, such as large-scale turbulent-like motion (so-called bacterial turbulence) and swarming. The activity of bacteria also affects the effective viscosity and diffusivity of the suspension. This work reports on the progress in bacterial active matter from the physics viewpoint. It covers the key experimental results, provides a critical assessment of major theoretical approaches, and addresses the effects of visco-elasticity, liquid crystallinity, and external confinement on collective behavior in bacterial suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor S Aranson
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry, and Mathematics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
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24
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Frey N, Sönmez UM, Minden J, LeDuc P. Microfluidics for understanding model organisms. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3195. [PMID: 35680898 PMCID: PMC9184607 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
New microfluidic systems for whole organism analysis and experimentation are catalyzing biological breakthroughs across many fields, from human health to fundamental biology principles. This perspective discusses recent microfluidic tools to study intact model organisms to demonstrate the tremendous potential for these integrated approaches now and into the future. We describe these microsystems' technical features and highlight the unique advantages for precise manipulation in areas including immobilization, automated alignment, sorting, sensory, mechanical and chemical stimulation, and genetic and thermal perturbation. Our aim is to familiarize technologically focused researchers with microfluidics applications in biology research, while providing biologists an entrée to advanced microengineering techniques for model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan Frey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Utku M Sönmez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Minden
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Philip LeDuc
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Computation Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Porfiri M, Zhang P, Peterson SD. Hydrodynamic model of fish orientation in a channel flow. eLife 2022; 11:75225. [PMID: 35666104 PMCID: PMC9292998 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
For over a century, scientists have sought to understand how fish orient against an incoming flow, even without visual and flow cues. Here, we elucidate a potential hydrodynamic mechanism of rheotaxis through the study of the bidirectional coupling between fish and the surrounding fluid. By modeling a fish as a vortex dipole in an infinite channel with an imposed background flow, we establish a planar dynamical system for the cross-stream coordinate and orientation. The system dynamics captures the existence of a critical flow speed for fish to successfully orient while performing cross-stream, periodic sweeping movements. Model predictions are examined in the context of experimental observations in the literature on the rheotactic behavior of fish deprived of visual and lateral line cues. The crucial role of bidirectional hydrodynamic interactions unveiled by this model points at an overlooked limitation of existing experimental paradigms to study rheotaxis in the laboratory. One fascinating and perplexing fact about fish is that they tend to orient themselves and swim against the flow, rather than with it. This phenomenon is called rheotaxis, and it has countless examples, from salmon migrating upstream to lay their eggs to trout drift-foraging in a current. Yet, despite over a century of experimental studies, the mechanisms underlying rheotaxis remain poorly understood. There is general consensus that fish rely on water- and body-motion cues to vision, vestibular, tactile, and other senses. However, several questions remain unanswered, including how blind fish can perform rheotaxis or whether a passive hydrodynamic mechanism can support the phenomenon. One aspect that has been overlooked in studies of rheotaxis is the bidirectional hydrodynamic interaction between the fish and the surrounding flow, that is, how the presence of the fish alters the flow, which, in turn, affects the fish. To address these open questions about rheotaxis, Porfiri, Zhang and Peterson wanted to develop a mathematical model of fish swimming, one that could help understand the passive hydrodynamic pathway that leads to swimming against a flow. Unlike experiments on live animals, a mathematical model offers the ability to remove cues to certain senses without interfering with animal behavior. Porfiri, Zhang and Peterson modeled a fish as a pair of vortices located infinitely close to each other, rotating in opposite directions with the same strength. The vortex pair could freely move through an infinitely long channel with an imposed background flow, devoid of all sensory information expect of that accessed through the lateral line. Analyzing the resulting system revealed that there is a critical speed for the background flow above which the fish successfully orients itself against the flow, resulting in rheotaxis. This critical speed depends on the width of the channel the fish is swimming in. Depriving the fish of sensory information received through the lateral line does not preclude rheotaxis, indicating that rheotaxis could emerge in a completely passive manner. The finding that the critical speed for rheotaxis depends on channel width could improve the design of experiments studying the phenomenon, since this effect could confound experiments where fish are confined in narrow channels. In this vein, Porfiri, Zhang and Peterson’s model could assist biologists in designing experiments detailing the multisensory nature of rheotaxis. Evidence of the importance of bidirectional hydrodynamic interactions on fish orientation may also inform modeling research on fish behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Porfiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, United States
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, United States
| | - Sean D Peterson
- Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
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Tantry MSA, Harini VS, Santhakumar K. Simple and High-Throughput Rheotaxis Behavioral Assay for Zebrafish Larva. Zebrafish 2022; 19:114-118. [PMID: 35666213 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2021.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is used as a model for studying sensorineural hearing loss. The damage to the hair cells can be assessed by scoring rheotaxis behavior in zebrafish. In this study, we newly designed a rheotaxis behavioral assay protocol capable of quantifying rheotaxis behavior in zebrafish larvae. We chemically induced ototoxicity in the larvae using copper sulfate, a well-known ototoxin, and determined rheotaxis at different flow velocities. The simple, cost-effective, and high-throughput rheotaxis assay system can provide great insights into drug development and other behavioral studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V S Harini
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Kirankumar Santhakumar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
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27
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Recent Progress in Modeling and Control of Bio-Inspired Fish Robots. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10060773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Compared with traditional underwater vehicles, bio-inspired fish robots have the advantages of high efficiency, high maneuverability, low noise, and minor fluid disturbance. Therefore, they have gained an increasing research interest, which has led to a great deal of remarkable progress theoretically and practically in recent years. In this review, we first highlight our enhanced scientific understanding of bio-inspired propulsion and sensing underwater and then present the research progress and performance characteristics of different bio-inspired robot fish, classified by the propulsion method. Like the natural fish species they imitate, different types of bionic fish have different morphological structures and distinctive hydrodynamic properties. In addition, we select two pioneering directions about soft robotic control and multi-phase robotics. The hybrid dynamic control of soft robotic systems combines the accuracy of model-based control and the efficiency of model-free control, and is considered the proper way to optimize the classical control model with the intersection of multiple machine learning algorithms. Multi-phase robots provide a broader scope of application compared to ordinary bionic robot fish, with the ability of operating in air or on land outside the fluid. By introducing recent progress in related fields, we summarize the advantages and challenges of soft robotic control and multi-phase robotics, guiding the further development of bionic aquatic robots.
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Mekdara PJ, Tirmizi S, Schwalbe MAB, Tytell ED. Comparison of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics and Cobalt Chloride for Ablation of the Lateral Line System in Giant Danios. Integr Org Biol 2022; 4:obac012. [PMID: 35359665 PMCID: PMC8964175 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Synopsis
The mechanoreceptive lateral line system in fish is composed of neuromasts containing hair cells, which can be temporarily ablated by aminoglycoside antibiotics and heavy metal ions. These chemicals have been used for some time in studies exploring the functional role of the lateral line system in many fish species. However, little information on the relative effectiveness and rate of action of these chemicals for ablation is available. In particular, aminoglycoside antibiotics are thought to affect canal neuromasts, which sit in bony or trunk canals, differently from superficial neuromasts, which sit directly on the skin. This assumed ablation pattern has not been fully quantified for commonly used lateral line ablation agents. This study provides a detailed characterization of the effects of two aminoglycoside antibiotics, streptomycin sulfate and neomycin sulfate, and a heavy metal salt, cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate (CoCl2), on the ablation of hair cells in canal and superficial neuromasts in the giant danio (Devario aequipinnatus) lateral line system, as a model for adult teleost fishes. We also quantified the regeneration of hair cells after ablation using CoCl2 and gentamycin sulfate to verify the time course to full recovery, and whether the ablation method affects the recovery time. Using a fluorescence stain, 4-Di-2-ASP, we verified the effectiveness of each chemical by counting the number of fluorescing canal and superficial neuromasts present throughout the time course of ablation and regeneration of hair cells. We found that streptomycin and neomycin were comparably effective at ablating all neuromasts in less than 12 h using a 250 μM dosage and in less than 8 h using a 500 μM dosage. The 500 μM dosage of either streptomycin or neomycin can ablate hair cells in superficial neuromasts within 2–4 h, while leaving those in canal neuromasts mostly intact. CoCl2 (0.1 mM) worked the fastest, ablating all of the hair cells in less than 6 h. Complete regeneration of the neuromasts in the lateral line system took 7 days regardless of chemicals used to ablate the hair cells. This study adds to the growing knowledge in hearing research about how effective specific chemicals are at ablating hair cells in the acoustic system of vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Mekdara
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Ste 4700, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, Building 35, 2B-1004, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - S Tirmizi
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Ste 4700, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - M A B Schwalbe
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Ste 4700, Medford, MA 02155, USA
- Department of Biology, Lake Forest College, 555 N Sheridan Road, Lake Forest, IL 60045, USA
| | - E D Tytell
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Ste 4700, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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Ohradzansky MT, Humbert JS. Lidar-Based Navigation of Subterranean Environments Using Bio-Inspired Wide-Field Integration of Nearness. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:849. [PMID: 35161595 PMCID: PMC8840438 DOI: 10.3390/s22030849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Navigating unknown environments is an ongoing challenge in robotics. Processing large amounts of sensor data to maintain localization, maps of the environment, and sensible paths can result in high compute loads and lower maximum vehicle speeds. This paper presents a bio-inspired algorithm for efficiently processing depth measurements to achieve fast navigation of unknown subterranean environments. Animals developed efficient sensorimotor convergence approaches, allowing for rapid processing of large numbers of spatially distributed measurements into signals relevant for different behavioral responses necessary to their survival. Using a spatial inner-product to model this sensorimotor convergence principle, environmentally relative states critical to navigation are extracted from spatially distributed depth measurements using derived weighting functions. These states are then applied as feedback to control a simulated quadrotor platform, enabling autonomous navigation in subterranean environments. The resulting outer-loop velocity controller is demonstrated in both a generalized subterranean environment, represented by an infinite cylinder, and nongeneralized environments like tunnels and caves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Ohradzansky
- Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, 3775 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - J. Sean Humbert
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 427 UCB, 1111 Engineering Dr, Boulder, CO 80309, USA;
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A Detailed Analysis of the Effect of Different Environmental Factors on Fish Phototactic Behavior: Directional Fish Guiding and Expelling Technique. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030240. [PMID: 35158564 PMCID: PMC8833435 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Environmental pollution and hydropower development have affected fish survival and caused the extinction of some fish populations and species. To understand the effects of various environmental factors on the behavioral profiles of fish, we established a novel experimental method to measure the sensitivity and phototactic behavior of Schizothorax waltoni to four light colors and two flow velocities at two temperatures under low light intensity. The results showed that S. waltoni preferred the four light colors in the order green, blue, red, and yellow. Schizothorax waltoni showed positive phototaxis in green and blue light but negative phototaxis in red and yellow light. The increased flow velocity intensified the positive and negative phototaxis of fish under different light environments, while an increase in the water temperature aroused the escape behavior. Thus, red or yellow light greater than the phototaxis threshold can be used to move fish away from dangerous areas such as high-turbulent flows or polluted waters, while green or blue light can guide them to safe environments such as fish passage entrance or ideal habitats. Finally, this study provides scientific evidence and application value for restoring fish habitats, fish passages, and fisheries. Abstract Optimization of light-based fish passage facilities has attracted extensive attention, but studies under the influence of various environmental factors are scarce. We established a novel experimental method to measure the phototactic behavior of Schizothorax waltoni. The results showed that S. waltoni preferred the four light colors in the order green, blue, red, and yellow. The increased flow velocity intensified the positive and negative phototaxis of fish under different light environments, while an increase in the water temperature aroused the escape behavior. The escape behavior of fish in red and yellow light and the phototaxis behavior in green and blue light intensified as the light intensity exceeded the phototaxis threshold and continued to increase. Thus, red or yellow light greater than the phototaxis threshold can be used to move fish away from high-turbulent flows or polluted waters, while green or blue light can be used to guide them to fish passage entrance or ideal habitats. This study provides scientific evidence and application value for restoring fish habitats, fish passages, and fisheries.
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Ohmura T, Nishigami Y, Ichikawa M. Simple dynamics underlying the survival behaviors of ciliates. Biophys Physicobiol 2022; 19:e190026. [PMID: 36160323 PMCID: PMC9465405 DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v19.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Seleit A, Ansai S, Yamahira K, Masengi KWA, Naruse K, Centanin L. Diversity of lateral line patterns and neuromast numbers in the genus Oryzias. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:273715. [PMID: 34897518 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A remarkable diversity of lateral line patterns exists in adult teleost fishes, the basis of which is largely unknown. By analysing the lateral line patterns and organ numbers in 29 Oryzias species and strains we report a rapid diversification of the lateral line system within this genus. We show a strong dependence of lateral line elaboration (number of neuromasts per cluster, number of parallel lateral lines) on adult species body size irrespective of phylogenetic relationships. In addition, we report that the degree of elaboration of the anterior lateral line, posterior lateral line and caudal neuromast clusters is tightly linked within species, arguing for a globally coordinated mechanism controlling lateral line organ numbers and patterns. We provide evidence for a polygenic control over neuromast numbers and positioning in the genus Oryzias. Our data also indicate that the diversity in lateral lines can arise as a result of differences in patterning both during embryonic development and post-embryonically, where simpler embryonic patterns generate less complex adult patterns and organ numbers, arguing for a linkage between the two processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Seleit
- Laboratory of Clonal Analysis of Post-Embryonic Stem Cells, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Heidelberg Universität, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,The Hartmut Hoffmann-Berling International Graduate School of Molecular and Cellular Biology (HBIGS), University of Heidelberg, 69120Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Satoshi Ansai
- Laboratory of Bioresources, National Institute for Basic Biology Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kazunori Yamahira
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Kawilarang W A Masengi
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Sam Ratulangi University, 95115 Manado, Indonesia
| | - Kiyoshi Naruse
- Laboratory of Bioresources, National Institute for Basic Biology Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Lázaro Centanin
- Laboratory of Clonal Analysis of Post-Embryonic Stem Cells, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Heidelberg Universität, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Crouzier L, Richard EM, Sourbron J, Lagae L, Maurice T, Delprat B. Use of Zebrafish Models to Boost Research in Rare Genetic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13356. [PMID: 34948153 PMCID: PMC8706563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare genetic diseases are a group of pathologies with often unmet clinical needs. Even if rare by a single genetic disease (from 1/2000 to 1/more than 1,000,000), the total number of patients concerned account for approximatively 400 million peoples worldwide. Finding treatments remains challenging due to the complexity of these diseases, the small number of patients and the challenge in conducting clinical trials. Therefore, innovative preclinical research strategies are required. The zebrafish has emerged as a powerful animal model for investigating rare diseases. Zebrafish combines conserved vertebrate characteristics with high rate of breeding, limited housing requirements and low costs. More than 84% of human genes responsible for diseases present an orthologue, suggesting that the majority of genetic diseases could be modelized in zebrafish. In this review, we emphasize the unique advantages of zebrafish models over other in vivo models, particularly underlining the high throughput phenotypic capacity for therapeutic screening. We briefly introduce how the generation of zebrafish transgenic lines by gene-modulating technologies can be used to model rare genetic diseases. Then, we describe how zebrafish could be phenotyped using state-of-the-art technologies. Two prototypic examples of rare diseases illustrate how zebrafish models could play a critical role in deciphering the underlying mechanisms of rare genetic diseases and their use to identify innovative therapeutic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Crouzier
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (L.C.); (E.M.R.); (T.M.)
| | - Elodie M. Richard
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (L.C.); (E.M.R.); (T.M.)
| | - Jo Sourbron
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Section Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Lieven Lagae
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Section Pediatric Neurology, University Hospital KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (J.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Tangui Maurice
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (L.C.); (E.M.R.); (T.M.)
| | - Benjamin Delprat
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (L.C.); (E.M.R.); (T.M.)
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Evaluating the Death and Recovery of Lateral Line Hair Cells Following Repeated Neomycin Treatments. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111180. [PMID: 34833056 PMCID: PMC8625531 DOI: 10.3390/life11111180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute chemical ablation of lateral line hair cells is an important tool to understand lateral line-mediated behaviors in free-swimming fish larvae and adults. However, lateral line-mediated behaviors have not been described in fish larvae prior to swim bladder inflation, possibly because single doses of ototoxin do not effectively silence lateral line function at early developmental stages. To determine whether ototoxins can disrupt lateral line hair cells during early development, we repeatedly exposed zebrafish larvae to the ototoxin neomycin during a 36 h period from 3 to 4 days post-fertilization (dpf). We use simultaneous transgenic and vital dye labeling of hair cells to compare 6-h and 12-h repeated treatment timelines and neomycin concentrations between 0 and 400 µM in terms of larval survival, hair cell death, regeneration, and functional recovery. Following exposure to neomycin, we find that the emergence of newly functional hair cells outpaces cellular regeneration, likely due to the maturation of ototoxin-resistant hair cells that survive treatment. Furthermore, hair cells of 4 dpf larvae exhibit faster recovery compared to 3 dpf larvae. Our data suggest that the rapid functional maturation of ototoxin-resistant hair cells limits the effectiveness of chemical-based methods to disrupt lateral line function. Furthermore, we show that repeated neomycin treatments can continually ablate functional lateral line hair cells between 3 and 4 dpf in larval zebrafish.
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Saccomanno V, Love H, Sylvester A, Li WC. The early development and physiology of Xenopus laevis tadpole lateral line system. J Neurophysiol 2021; 126:1814-1830. [PMID: 34705593 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00618.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenopus laevis has a lateral line mechanosensory system throughout its full life cycle, and a previous study on prefeeding stage tadpoles revealed that it may play a role in motor responses to both water suction and water jets. Here, we investigated the physiology of the anterior lateral line system in newly hatched tadpoles and the motor outputs induced by its activation in response to brief suction stimuli. High-speed videoing showed tadpoles tended to turn and swim away when strong suction was applied close to the head. The lateral line neuromasts were revealed by using DASPEI staining, and their inactivation with neomycin eliminated tadpole motor responses to suction. In immobilized preparations, suction or electrically stimulating the anterior lateral line nerve reliably initiated swimming but the motor nerve discharges implicating turning was observed only occasionally. The same stimulation applied during ongoing fictive swimming produced a halting response. The anterior lateral line nerve showed spontaneous afferent discharges at rest and increased activity during stimulation. Efferent activities were only recorded during tadpole fictive swimming and were largely synchronous with the ipsilateral motor nerve discharges. Finally, calcium imaging identified neurons with fluorescence increase time-locked with suction stimulation in the hindbrain and midbrain. A cluster of neurons at the entry point of the anterior lateral line nerve in the dorsolateral hindbrain had the shortest latency in their responses, supporting their potential sensory interneuron identity. Future studies need to reveal how the lateral line sensory information is processed by the central circuit to determine tadpole motor behavior.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We studied Xenopus tadpole motor responses to anterior lateral line stimulation using high-speed videos, electrophysiology and calcium imaging. Activating the lateral line reliably started swimming. At high stimulation intensities, turning was observed behaviorally but suitable motor nerve discharges were seen only occasionally in immobilized tadpoles. Suction applied during swimming produced a halting response. We analyzed afferent and efferent activities of the tadpole anterior lateral line nerve and located sensory interneurons using calcium imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Saccomanno
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, grid.11914.3cUniversity of St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Heather Love
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, grid.11914.3cUniversity of St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Sylvester
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, grid.11914.3cUniversity of St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom
| | - Wen-Chang Li
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, grid.11914.3cUniversity of St Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom
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Ohmura T, Nishigami Y, Taniguchi A, Nonaka S, Ishikawa T, Ichikawa M. Near-wall rheotaxis of the ciliate Tetrahymena induced by the kinesthetic sensing of cilia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi5878. [PMID: 34669467 PMCID: PMC8528427 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi5878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
To survive in harsh environments, single-celled microorganisms autonomously respond to external stimuli, such as light, heat, and flow. Here, we elucidate the flow response of Tetrahymena, a well-known single-celled freshwater microorganism. Tetrahymena moves upstream against an external flow via a behavior called rheotaxis. While micrometer-sized particles are swept away downstream in a viscous flow, what dynamics underlie the rheotaxis of the ciliate? Our experiments reveal that Tetrahymena slides along walls during upstream movement, which indicates that the cells receive rotational torque from shear flow to control cell orientation. To evaluate the effects of the shear torque and propelling speed, we perform a numerical simulation with a hydrodynamic model swimmer adopting cilia dynamics in a shear flow. The swimmer orientations converge to an upstream alignment, and the swimmer slides upstream along a boundary wall. The results suggest that Tetrahymena automatically responds to shear flow by performing rheotaxis using cilia-stalling mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Ohmura
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg 35043, Germany
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
- Corresponding author. (T.O.); (Y.N.); (M.I.)
| | - Yukinori Nishigami
- Research Center of Mathematics for Social Creativity, Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Corresponding author. (T.O.); (Y.N.); (M.I.)
| | - Atsushi Taniguchi
- Laboratory for Spatiotemporal Regulations, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Spatiotemporal Regulations Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shigenori Nonaka
- Laboratory for Spatiotemporal Regulations, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Spatiotemporal Regulations Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takuji Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ichikawa
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Corresponding author. (T.O.); (Y.N.); (M.I.)
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Abstract
Dispersed populations often need to organize into groups. Chemical attractants provide one means of directing individuals into an aggregate, but whether these structures emerge can depend on various factors, such as there being a sufficiently large population or the response to the attractant being sufficiently sensitive. In an aquatic environment, fluid flow may heavily impact on population distribution and many aquatic organisms adopt a rheotaxis response when exposed to a current, orienting and swimming according to the flow field. Consequently, flow-induced transport could be substantially different for the population members and any aggregating signal they secrete. With the aim of investigating how flows and rheotaxis responses impact on an aquatic population's ability to form and maintain an aggregated profile, we develop and analyse a mathematical model that incorporates these factors. Through a systematic analysis into the effect of introducing rheotactic behaviour under various forms of environmental flow, we demonstrate that each of flow and rheotaxis can act beneficially or detrimentally on the ability to form and maintain a cluster. Synthesizing these findings, we test a hypothesis that density-dependent rheotaxis may be optimal for group formation and maintenance, in which individuals increase their rheotactic effort as they approach an aggregated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Painter
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Scienze, Progetto e Politiche del Territorio (DIST), Politecnico di Torino, Viale Pier Andrea Mattioli, 39 10125 Torino, Italy
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38
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McDermott BM. Lateral line: From water waves to brain waves. Curr Biol 2021; 31:R344-R347. [PMID: 33848490 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fish use the highly stereotyped lateral line system to swim against a current. New research reveals that the order of the lateral line system is less important than brain response asymmetries for achieving this navigational feat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M McDermott
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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39
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Li J, Xin M, Ma Z, Shi Y, Pan L. Nanomaterials and their applications on bio-inspired wearable electronics. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:472002. [PMID: 33592596 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abe6c7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wearable electronics featuring conformal attachment, sensitive perception and intellectual signal processing have made significant progress in recent years. However, when compared with living organisms, artificial sensory devices showed undeniable bulky shape, poor adaptability, and large energy consumption. To make up for the deficiencies, biological examples provide inspirations of novel designs and practical applications. In the field of biomimetics, nanomaterials from nanoparticles to layered two-dimensional materials are actively involved due to their outstanding physicochemical properties and nanoscale configurability. This review focuses on nanomaterials related to wearable electronics through bioinspired approaches on three different levels, interfacial packaging, sensory structure, and signal processing, which comprehensively guided recent progress of wearable devices in leveraging both nanomaterial superiorities and biorealistic functionalities. In addition, opinions on potential development trend are proposed aiming at implementing bioinspired electronics in multifunctional portable sensors, health monitoring, and intelligent prosthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiean Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Xin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijia Pan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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40
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A bending fluctuation-based mechanism for particle detection by ciliated structures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2020402118. [PMID: 34326246 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020402118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To mimic the mechanical response of passive biological cilia in complex fluids, we study the bending dynamics of an anchored elastic fiber submitted to a dilute granular suspension under shear. We show that the bending fluctuations of the fiber accurately encode minute variations of the granular suspension concentration. Indeed, besides the stationary bending induced by the continuous phase flow, the passage of each single particle induces an additional deflection. We demonstrate that the dominant particle/fiber interaction arises from contacts of the particles with the fiber, and we propose a simple elastohydrodynamics model to predict their amplitude. Our results provide a mechanistic and statistical framework to describe particle detection by biological ciliated systems.
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41
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Hardy K, Amariutei AE, De Faveri F, Hendry A, Marcotti W, Ceriani F. Functional development and regeneration of hair cells in the zebrafish lateral line. J Physiol 2021; 599:3913-3936. [PMID: 34143497 PMCID: PMC7612129 DOI: 10.1113/jp281522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair cells are mechanosensory receptors responsible for transducing auditory and vestibular information into electrical signals, which are then transmitted with remarkable precision to afferent neurons. Different from mammals, the hair cells of lower vertebrates, including those present in the neuromasts of the zebrafish lateral line, regenerate following environmental or chemical insults. Here we investigate the time-course of regeneration of hair cells in vivo using electrophysiology, 2-photon imaging and immunostaining applied to wild-type and genetically-encoded fluorescent indicator zebrafish lines. Functional hair cells drive spontaneous action potentials in the posterior lateral line afferent fibres, the frequency of which progressively increases over the first 10-days post-fertilization (dpf). Higher firing-rate fibres are only observed from ~6 dpf. Following copper treatment, newly formed hair cells become functional and are able to drive APs in the afferent fibres within 48 hours in both early-larval (≤8 dpf) and late-larval (12-17 dpf) zebrafish. However, the complete functional regeneration of the entire neuromast is delayed in late-larval compared to early-larval zebrafish. We propose that while individual regenerating hair cells can rapidly become active, the acquisition of fully functional neuromasts progresses faster at early-larval stages, a time when hair cells are still under development. At both ages, the afferent terminals in the regenerating neuromast appear to make initial contact with supporting cells. The ablation of the lateral line afferent neurons prevents the timely regeneration of supporting cells and hair cells. These findings indicate that the afferent system is likely to facilitate or promote the neuromast regeneration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Hardy
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ana E Amariutei
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Aenea Hendry
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Walter Marcotti
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Sheffield Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Federico Ceriani
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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42
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Ecological predictors of lateral line asymmetry in stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Evol Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-021-10117-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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43
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Ilami M, Bagheri H, Ahmed R, Skowronek EO, Marvi H. Materials, Actuators, and Sensors for Soft Bioinspired Robots. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2003139. [PMID: 33346386 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems can perform complex tasks with high compliance levels. This makes them a great source of inspiration for soft robotics. Indeed, the union of these fields has brought about bioinspired soft robotics, with hundreds of publications on novel research each year. This review aims to survey fundamental advances in bioinspired soft actuators and sensors with a focus on the progress between 2017 and 2020, providing a primer for the materials used in their design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Ilami
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Hosain Bagheri
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Reza Ahmed
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - E Olga Skowronek
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Hamid Marvi
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport & Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
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44
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Valera G, Markov DA, Bijari K, Randlett O, Asgharsharghi A, Baudoin JP, Ascoli GA, Portugues R, López-Schier H. A neuronal blueprint for directional mechanosensation in larval zebrafish. Curr Biol 2021; 31:1463-1475.e6. [PMID: 33545047 PMCID: PMC8044000 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Animals have a remarkable ability to use local cues to orient in space in the absence of a panoramic fixed reference frame. Here we use the mechanosensory lateral line in larval zebrafish to understand rheotaxis, an innate oriented swimming evoked by water currents. We generated a comprehensive light-microscopy cell-resolution projectome of lateralis afferent neurons (LANs) and used clustering techniques for morphological classification. We find surprising structural constancy among LANs. Laser-mediated microlesions indicate that precise topographic mapping of lateral-line receptors is not essential for rheotaxis. Recording neuronal-activity during controlled mechanical stimulation of neuromasts reveals unequal representation of water-flow direction in the hindbrain. We explored potential circuit architectures constrained by anatomical and functional data to suggest a parsimonious model under which the integration of lateralized signals transmitted by direction-selective LANs underlies the encoding of water-flow direction in the brain. These data provide a new framework to understand how animals use local mechanical cues to orient in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Valera
- Sensory Biology and Organogenesis, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Germany
| | | | - Kayvan Bijari
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, VA, USA
| | - Owen Randlett
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Giorgio A Ascoli
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, VA, USA
| | | | - Hernán López-Schier
- Sensory Biology and Organogenesis, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Germany; Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain.
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45
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Larrieu R, Quilliet C, Dupont A, Peyla P. Collective orientation of an immobile fish school and effect on rheotaxis. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:022137. [PMID: 33736021 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.022137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We study the orientational order of an immobile fish school. Starting from the second Newton law, we show that the inertial dynamics of orientations is ruled by an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. This process describes the dynamics of alignment between neighboring fish in a shoal-a dynamics already used in the literature for mobile fish schools. First, in a fluid at rest, we calculate the global polarization (i.e., the mean orientation of the fish), which decreases rapidly as a function of noise. We show that the faster a fish is able to reorient itself the more the school can afford to reorder itself for important noise values. Second, in the presence of a stream, each fish tends to orient itself and swims against the flow: so-called rheotaxis. So, even in the presence of a flow, it results in an immobile fish school. By adding an individual rheotaxis effect to alignment interaction between fish, we show that in a noisy environment individual rheotaxis is enhanced by alignment interactions between fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renaud Larrieu
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, LIPhy, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Catherine Quilliet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, LIPhy, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Aurélie Dupont
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, LIPhy, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Peyla
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, LIPhy, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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46
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Li G, Sun S, Liu H, Zheng T. Schizothorax prenanti swimming behavior in response to different flow patterns in vertical slot fishways with different slot positions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142142. [PMID: 33254860 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fish swimming behavior is a critical parameter for the design of vertical slot fishways. Although Schizothorax prenanti is a significant reproductive potamodromous migratory fish species in the upper reaches of the rivers in Southwest China, its swimming behavior has not been extensively researched. Therefore, in this study, a comparative experiment was conducted in vertical slot fishways to analyze the behavior of Schizothorax prenanti in response to different flow patterns, with respect to different slot positions. The experimental model was designed with a length scale of 1:4, and a method for selecting the appropriate fish size in the scaled physical model was proposed. Based on these experiments, it was found that the typical upstream trajectories of Schizothorax prenanti are traceable to the sidewall of the pool, which are characterized by low velocity and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). The hydraulic variables exhibited an asymmetric distribution within the vertical slot, and the fish were found to pass through the area with the lowest velocity and TKE. A flow pattern with a guide wall length-to-pool width ratio of P/B = 0.25, in which Schizothorax prenanti can immediately find the sidewall, is suitable for fish migration. Therefore, this is the recommended value for the construction of effective vertical-slot fishway structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, A-1 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Shuangke Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, A-1 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Haitao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, A-1 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Tiegang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, A-1 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100038, China
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47
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Burbano-L. DA, Porfiri M. Modeling multi-sensory feedback control of zebrafish in a flow. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008644. [PMID: 33481795 PMCID: PMC7857640 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how animals navigate complex environments is a fundamental challenge in biology and a source of inspiration for the design of autonomous systems in engineering. Animal orientation and navigation is a complex process that integrates multiple senses, whose function and contribution are yet to be fully clarified. Here, we propose a data-driven mathematical model of adult zebrafish engaging in counter-flow swimming, an innate behavior known as rheotaxis. Zebrafish locomotion in a two-dimensional fluid flow is described within the finite-dipole model, which consists of a pair of vortices separated by a constant distance. The strength of these vortices is adjusted in real time by the fish to afford orientation and navigation control, in response to of the multi-sensory input from vision, lateral line, and touch. Model parameters for the resulting stochastic differential equations are calibrated through a series of experiments, in which zebrafish swam in a water channel under different illumination conditions. The accuracy of the model is validated through the study of a series of measures of rheotactic behavior, contrasting results of real and in-silico experiments. Our results point at a critical role of hydromechanical feedback during rheotaxis, in the form of a gradient-following strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Burbano-L.
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Maurizio Porfiri
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York City, New York, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York City, New York, USA
- Center for Urban Sciences and Progress, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York City, New York, USA
- * E-mail:
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48
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Zhu Y, Tian FB, Young J, Liao JC, Lai JCS. A numerical study of fish adaption behaviors in complex environments with a deep reinforcement learning and immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1691. [PMID: 33462281 PMCID: PMC7814145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish adaption behaviors in complex environments are of great importance in improving the performance of underwater vehicles. This work presents a numerical study of the adaption behaviors of self-propelled fish in complex environments by developing a numerical framework of deep learning and immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method (IB-LBM). In this framework, the fish swimming in a viscous incompressible flow is simulated with an IB-LBM which is validated by conducting two benchmark problems including a uniform flow over a stationary cylinder and a self-propelled anguilliform swimming in a quiescent flow. Furthermore, a deep recurrent Q-network (DRQN) is incorporated with the IB-LBM to train the fish model to adapt its motion to optimally achieve a specific task, such as prey capture, rheotaxis and Kármán gaiting. Compared to existing learning models for fish, this work incorporates the fish position, velocity and acceleration into the state space in the DRQN; and it considers the amplitude and frequency action spaces as well as the historical effects. This framework makes use of the high computational efficiency of the IB-LBM which is of crucial importance for the effective coupling with learning algorithms. Applications of the proposed numerical framework in point-to-point swimming in quiescent flow and position holding both in a uniform stream and a Kármán vortex street demonstrate the strategies used to adapt to different situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Fang-Bao Tian
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia.
| | - John Young
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - James C Liao
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 332611, USA
| | - Joseph C S Lai
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
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49
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Currier TA, Matheson AMM, Nagel KI. Encoding and control of orientation to airflow by a set of Drosophila fan-shaped body neurons. eLife 2020; 9:e61510. [PMID: 33377868 PMCID: PMC7793622 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The insect central complex (CX) is thought to underlie goal-oriented navigation but its functional organization is not fully understood. We recorded from genetically-identified CX cell types in Drosophila and presented directional visual, olfactory, and airflow cues known to elicit orienting behavior. We found that a group of neurons targeting the ventral fan-shaped body (ventral P-FNs) are robustly tuned for airflow direction. Ventral P-FNs did not generate a 'map' of airflow direction. Instead, cells in each hemisphere were tuned to 45° ipsilateral, forming a pair of orthogonal bases. Imaging experiments suggest that ventral P-FNs inherit their airflow tuning from neurons that provide input from the lateral accessory lobe (LAL) to the noduli (NO). Silencing ventral P-FNs prevented flies from selecting appropriate corrective turns following changes in airflow direction. Our results identify a group of CX neurons that robustly encode airflow direction and are required for proper orientation to this stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Currier
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Center for Neural Science, New York UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Andrew MM Matheson
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Katherine I Nagel
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Center for Neural Science, New York UniversityNew YorkUnited States
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50
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Jung J, Serrano-Rojas SJ, Warkentin KM. Multimodal mechanosensing enables treefrog embryos to escape egg-predators. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb236141. [PMID: 33188064 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.236141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mechanosensory-cued hatching (MCH) is widespread, diverse and important for survival in many animals. From flatworms and insects to frogs and turtles, embryos use mechanosensory cues and signals to inform hatching timing, yet mechanisms mediating mechanosensing in ovo are largely unknown. The arboreal embryos of red-eyed treefrogs, Agalychnis callidryas, hatch prematurely to escape predation, cued by physical disturbance in snake attacks. When otoconial organs in the developing vestibular system become functional, this response strengthens, but its earlier occurrence indicates another sensor must contribute. Post-hatching, tadpoles use lateral line neuromasts to detect water motion. We ablated neuromast function with gentamicin to assess their role in A. callidryas' hatching response to disturbance. Prior to vestibular function, this nearly eliminated the hatching response to a complex simulated attack cue, egg jiggling, revealing that neuromasts mediate early MCH. Vestibular function onset increased hatching, independent of neuromast function, indicating young embryos use multiple mechanosensory systems. MCH increased developmentally. All older embryos hatched in response to egg jiggling, but neuromast function reduced response latency. In contrast, neuromast ablation had no effect on the timing or level of hatching in motion-only vibration playbacks. It appears only a subset of egg-disturbance cues stimulate neuromasts; thus, embryos in attacked clutches may receive unimodal or multimodal stimuli. Agalychnis callidryas embryos have more neuromasts than described for any other species at hatching, suggesting precocious sensory development may facilitate MCH. Our findings provide insight into the behavioral roles of two mechanosensory systems in ovo and open possibilities for exploring sensory perception across taxa in early life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Jung
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shirley J Serrano-Rojas
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Karen M Warkentin
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado Postal 0843-03092, Panamá, República de Panamá
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