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Chen SS, Zhang H. Abrogation and homeostatic restoration of IgE responses by a universal IgE allergy CTL vaccine-The three signal self/non-self/self (S/NS/S) theory. Immunology 2024; 172:91-108. [PMID: 38303079 PMCID: PMC10987285 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural IgE cytotoxic peptides (nECPs), which are derived from the constant domain of the heavy chain of human IgE producing B cells via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, are decorated onto MHC class 1a molecules (MHCIa) as unique biomarkers for CTL (cytotoxic T lymphocyte)-mediated immune surveillance. Human IgE exhibits only one isotype and lacks polymorphisms; IgE is pivotal in mediating diverse, allergen-specific allergies. Therefore, by disrupting self-IgE tolerance via costimulation, the CTLs induced by nECPs can serve as universal allergy vaccines (UAVs) in humans to dampen IgE production mediated by diverse allergen-specific IgE-secreting B cells and plasma cells expressing surface nECP-MHCIa as targets. The study herein has enabled the identification of nECPs, A32 and SP-1/SP-2 nonameric natural peptides produced through the correspondence principle. Vaccination using nECP induced nECP-specific CTL that profoundly suppressed human IgE production in vitro as well as chimeric human IgE production in human IgE/HLA-A2.01/HLA-B7.02 triple transgenic rodents. Furthermore, nECP-tetramer-specific CTLs were found to be converted into CD4 Tregs that restored IgE competence via the homeostatic principle, mediatepred by SREBP-1c suppressed DCs. Thus, nECPs showed causal efficacy and safety as UAVs for treating categorically type I hypersensitivity IgE-mediated allergies. The applied vaccination concept presented provides the foundation to unify, integrate through a singular class of tetramer-specific TCR clonotypes for regulaing human IgE production. The three signal theory pertains to mechanisms of three cells underlying central tolerance (S), breaking self tolerance (NS) and regaining peripheral tolerance (S) via homeostasis concerning nECP as an efficacious and safe UAV to treat type I IgE-mediated hypersensitivity. The three signal theory impirically extended, may be heuritic for immuno-regulation of adaptive immune repertoire in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swey-Shen Chen
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, AAIIT LLC, San Diego, California, USA
- Division of Vaccinology and Immunotherapy, IGE Therapeutics and Pharmaceuticals, Inc, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Protein Display and Molecular Evolution, The Institute of Genetics at San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Hailan Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, AAIIT LLC, San Diego, California, USA
- Division of Vaccinology and Immunotherapy, IGE Therapeutics and Pharmaceuticals, Inc, San Diego, California, USA
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2
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Jiang B, Zhang T, Deng M, Jin W, Hong Y, Chen X, Chen X, Wang J, Hou H, Gao Y, Gong W, Wang X, Li H, Zhou X, Feng Y, Zhang B, Jiang B, Lu X, Zhang L, Li Y, Song W, Sun H, Wang Z, Song X, Shen Z, Liu X, Li K, Wang L, Liu Y. BGB-A445, a novel non-ligand-blocking agonistic anti-OX40 antibody, exhibits superior immune activation and antitumor effects in preclinical models. Front Med 2023; 17:1170-1185. [PMID: 37747585 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-0996-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
OX40 is a costimulatory receptor that is expressed primarily on activated CD4+, CD8+, and regulatory T cells. The ligation of OX40 to its sole ligand OX40L potentiates T cell expansion, differentiation, and activation and also promotes dendritic cells to mature to enhance their cytokine production. Therefore, the use of agonistic anti-OX40 antibodies for cancer immunotherapy has gained great interest. However, most of the agonistic anti-OX40 antibodies in the clinic are OX40L-competitive and show limited efficacy. Here, we discovered that BGB-A445, a non-ligand-competitive agonistic anti-OX40 antibody currently under clinical investigation, induced optimal T cell activation without impairing dendritic cell function. In addition, BGB-A445 dose-dependently and significantly depleted regulatory T cells in vitro and in vivo via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. In the MC38 syngeneic model established in humanized OX40 knock-in mice, BGB-A445 demonstrated robust and dose-dependent antitumor efficacy, whereas the ligand-competitive anti-OX40 antibody showed antitumor efficacy characterized by a hook effect. Furthermore, BGB-A445 demonstrated a strong combination antitumor effect with an anti-PD-1 antibody. Taken together, our findings show that BGB-A445, which does not block OX40-OX40L interaction in contrast to clinical-stage anti-OX40 antibodies, shows superior immune-stimulating effects and antitumor efficacy and thus warrants further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Jiang
- Department of Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Minjuan Deng
- Department of Discovery Biomarkers, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Discovery Biomarkers, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuan Hong
- Department of Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiaotong Chen
- Department of Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Hongjia Hou
- Department of Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yajuan Gao
- Department of Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Wenfeng Gong
- Department of Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiaosui Zhou
- Department of Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yingcai Feng
- Department of Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Discovery Biomarkers, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xueping Lu
- Department of Discovery Biomarkers, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- Department of Discovery Biomarkers, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Discovery Biomarkers, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Weiwei Song
- Department of Discovery Biomarkers, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Hanzi Sun
- Department of Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zuobai Wang
- Department of Clinic Development, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiaomin Song
- Department of Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Zhirong Shen
- Department of Discovery Biomarkers, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xuesong Liu
- Department of Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Biologics, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Lai Wang
- Department of Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Biology, BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China.
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3
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Chen SS, Zhang H. Abrogation and Homeostatic Restoration of IgE Responses by a Universal IgE Allergy CTL Vaccine-The Three Signal Self/Non-Self/Self (S/NS/S) Model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.12.561777. [PMID: 37904962 PMCID: PMC10614744 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.12.561777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Natural IgE cytotoxic peptides (nECPs), which are derived from the constant domain of the heavy chain of human IgE producing B cells via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, are decorated onto MHC class 1a molecules (MHCIa) as unique biomarkers for CTL (cytotoxic T lymphocyte)-mediated immune surveillance. Human IgE exhibits only one isotype and lacks polymorphisms; IgE is pivotal in mediating diverse, allergen-specific allergies. Therefore, by disrupting self-IgE tolerance via costimulation, the cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) induced by nECPs can serve as universal allergy vaccines (UAVs) in humans to dampen IgE production mediated by diverse allergen-specific IgE- secreting B cells and plasma cells expressing surface nECP-MHCIa as targets. The study herein has enabled the identification of nECPs produced through the correspondence principle 1, 2 . Furthermore, nECP-tetramer-specific CTLs were found to be converted into CD4 Tregs that restored IgE competence via the homeostatic principle, mediated by SREBP-1c suppressed DCs. Thus, nECPs showed causal efficacy and safety as UAVs for treating type I hypersensitivity IgE-mediated allergies. The applied vaccination concept presented provides the foundation to unify, integrate through a singular class of tetramer-specific TCR clonotypes. The three signal model is proposed on the mechanisms underlying central tolerance, breaking tolerance and regaining peripheral tolerance via homeostasis concerning nECP as an efficacious and safe UAV to treat type I IgE-mediated hypersensitivity. One Sentence Summary Human IgE self-peptides are identified as universal allergy vaccines that inhibit IgE synthesis while allowing homeostatic IgE recovery.Graphic abstract textThree cell S/NS/S model of Universal Allergy Vaccines (UAV): Natural IgE peptides (nECPs) presented by enabler DCs break central IgE tolerance (Self), leading to CTLs that inhibit IgE production (Non-self). Generative DCs converted by the metabolic milieu transform the pre-existing nECP-specific CTLs into nECP-specific Tregs leading to homeostatic recovery of IgE competence (S).
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Karginov TA, Ménoret A, Vella AT. Optimal CD8 + T cell effector function requires costimulation-induced RNA-binding proteins that reprogram the transcript isoform landscape. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3540. [PMID: 35725727 PMCID: PMC9209503 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Boosting T cell activation through costimulation directs defense against cancer and viral infections. Despite multiple studies targeting costimulation in clinical trials, the increased potency and reprogramming of T cells endowed by costimulation is poorly understood. Canonical dogma states that transcription mediates T cell activation. Here, we show that the spliceosome, controlling post-transcriptional alternative splicing and alternative polyadenylation, is the most enriched pathway in T cells after CD134/CD137 costimulation. Costimulation of CD8+ T cells significantly increases expression of 29 RNA-binding proteins while RNA-seq uncovers over 1000 differential alternative splicing and polyadenylation events. Using in vivo mouse and in vitro human models, we demonstrate that RNA-binding protein Tardbp is required for effector cytokine production, CD8+ T cell clonal expansion, and isoform regulation after costimulation. The prospect of immune response optimization through reprogramming of mRNA isoform production offered herein opens new avenues for experimentally and therapeutically tuning the activities of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timofey A Karginov
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Antoine Ménoret
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, UConn Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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5
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Hu BS, Tang T, Jia JL, Xie BC, Wu TL, Sheng YY, Xue YZ, Tang HM. CD137 agonist induces gastric cancer cell apoptosis by enhancing the functions of CD8 + T cells via NF-κB signaling. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:513. [PMID: 33093811 PMCID: PMC7576737 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01605-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CD137 is a target for tumor immunotherapy. However, the role of CD137 in gastric cancer (GC), especially in inducing GC cell apoptosis, has not been studied. Methods Foxp3+ and CD8+ T cells in GCs were investigated using immunohistochemistry (IHC). CD137 expression in GCs was detected using flow cytometry, IHC and immunofluorescence (IF). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and CD8+ T cells isolated from peripheral blood were stimulated with a CD137 agonist in vitro. CD8+ T cell proliferation and p65 expression was examined using flow cytometry. P65 nuclear translocation was analyzed using IF. IL-10, TGF-β, IFN-γ, perforin and granzyme B were detected using real-time quantitative PCR (real-time PCR). PBMCs and primary GC cells were cocultured and stimulated with a CD137 agonist in vitro. Apoptosis of primary GC cells was detected using flow cytometry. Results Our data demonstrated that GC tumors showed characteristics of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. CD137 was predominantly expressed in CD8+ T cells in GCs and had a positive correlation with tumor cell differentiation. The CD137 agonist promoted CD8+ T cell proliferation and increased the secretion of IFN-γ, perforin and granzyme B, which induced primary GC cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, this study found that the CD137 agonist induced NF-κB nuclear translocation in CD8+ T cells. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that a CD137 agonist induced primary GC cell apoptosis by enhancing CD8+ T cells via activation of NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben-Shun Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166 People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Tang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166 People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Li Jia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166 People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Chen Xie
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tie-Long Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, 200 Huihe Rd, Binhu District, Wuxi, 214000 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Yue Sheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, 200 Huihe Rd, Binhu District, Wuxi, 214000 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Zheng Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, 200 Huihe Rd, Binhu District, Wuxi, 214000 People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Min Tang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166 People's Republic of China
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6
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Morales Del Valle C, Maxwell JR, Xu MM, Menoret A, Mittal P, Tsurutani N, Adler AJ, Vella AT. Costimulation Induces CD4 T Cell Antitumor Immunity via an Innate-like Mechanism. Cell Rep 2020; 27:1434-1445.e3. [PMID: 31042471 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to tumor-associated antigens inactivates cognate T cells, restricting the repertoire of tumor-specific effector T cells. This problem was studied here by transferring TCR transgenic CD4 T cells into recipient mice that constitutively express a cognate self-antigen linked to MHC II on CD11c-bearing cells. Immunotherapeutic agonists to CD134 plus CD137, "dual costimulation," induces specific CD4 T cell expansion and expression of the receptor for the Th2-associated IL-1 family cytokine IL-33. Rather than producing IL-4, however, they express the tumoricidal Th1 cytokine IFNγ when stimulated with IL-33 or IL-36 (a related IL-1 family member) plus IL-12 or IL-2. IL-36, which is induced within B16-F10 melanomas by dual costimulation, reduces tumor growth when injected intratumorally as a monotherapy and boosts the efficacy of tumor-nonspecific dual costimulated CD4 T cells. Dual costimulation thus enables chronic antigen-exposed CD4 T cells, regardless of tumor specificity, to elaborate tumoricidal function in response to tumor-associated cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph R Maxwell
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Maria M Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Antoine Menoret
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Payal Mittal
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Naomi Tsurutani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Adam J Adler
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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Zhu M, Ma Y, Tan K, Zhang L, Wang Z, Li Y, Chen Y, Guo J, Yan G, Qi Z. Thalidomide with blockade of co-stimulatory molecules prolongs the survival of alloantigen-primed mice with cardiac allografts. BMC Immunol 2020; 21:19. [PMID: 32299357 PMCID: PMC7164359 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-020-00352-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Miscellaneous memory cell populations that exist before organ transplantation are crucial barriers to transplantation. In the present study, we used a skin-primed heart transplantation model in mouse to evaluate the abilities of Thalidomide (TD), alone or in combination with co-stimulatory blockade, using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against memory T cells and alloantibodies to prolong the second cardiac survival. Results In the skin-primed heart transplantation model, TD combined with mAbs significantly prolonged the second cardiac survival, accompanied by inhibition of memory CD8+ T cells. This combined treatment enhanced the CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells ratio in the spleen, restrained the infiltration of lymphocytes into the allograft, and suppressed the allo-response of spleen T cells in the recipient. The levels of allo-antibodies also decreased in the recipient serum. In addition, we detected low levels of the constitutions of the lytic machinery of cytotoxic cells, which cause allograft damage. Conclusions Our study indicated a potential synergistic action of TD in combination with with mAbs to suppress the function of memory T cells and increase the survival of second allografts in alloantigen-primed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoshu Zhu
- Xiang'an Branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361100, Fujian, China.,The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, 361100, Fujian, China
| | - Yunhan Ma
- Organ Transplantation institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361100, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen, 361100, Fujian, China
| | - Kai Tan
- Grade 2015 Clinical Medicine, Fuzhou Medical College of Nanchang University, Fuzhou, 344000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liyi Zhang
- Organ Transplantation institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361100, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen, 361100, Fujian, China
| | - Zhaowei Wang
- Xiang'an Branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361100, Fujian, China.,The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, 361100, Fujian, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Xiang'an Branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361100, Fujian, China.,The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, 361100, Fujian, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- Organ Transplantation institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361100, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen, 361100, Fujian, China
| | - Junjun Guo
- Organ Transplantation institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361100, Fujian, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen, 361100, Fujian, China
| | - Guoliang Yan
- Organ Transplantation institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361100, Fujian, China. .,Fujian Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen, 361100, Fujian, China.
| | - Zhongquan Qi
- Organ Transplantation institute, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361100, Fujian, China. .,Fujian Key Laboratory of Organ and Tissue Regeneration, Xiamen, 361100, Fujian, China. .,School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
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Lai X, Yao Z, Ning F, Zhang L, Fang J, Li G, Xu L, Xiong Y, Liu L, Chen R, Ma J, Chen Z. Blockade of OX40/OX40L pathway combined with ethylene-carbodiimide-fixed donor splenocytes induces donor-specific allograft tolerance in presensitized recipients. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:84. [PMID: 32175377 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.12.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Memory T cells (Tms) are the major barrier preventing long-term allograft survival in presensitized transplant recipients. The OX40/OX40L pathway is important in the induction and maintenance of Tms. Methods In this study, we added anti-OX40L mAb to ethylene-carbodiimide-fixed donor splenocytes (ECDI-SPs)-a method which is effective in inducing allograft tolerance in non-presensitized mouse heart transplant model. Recipient mice received heart transplantation after 6 weeks of donor skin presensitization and were treated with anti-OX40L mAb, ECDI-SPs or anti-OX40L mAb + ECDI-SPs, respectively. Results Our data showed that the combination of ECDI-SPs and anti-OX40L mAb induced donor-specific tolerance in skin-presensitized heart transplant recipients, with the mechanism for this being associated with suppression of Tms and upregulation of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs). Importantly, CD25+ T-cell depletion in the combined therapy-treated recipients broke the establishment of allograft tolerance, whereas adoptive transfer of presensitization-derived T cells into tolerant recipients suppressed Tregs expansion and abolished established tolerance. Conclusions Blockade of OX40/OX40L pathway in combination with ECDI-SPs appears to modulate the Tms/Tregs imbalance so as to create a protective milieu and induce graft tolerance in presensitized recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqiang Lai
- Organ Transplant Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Zhongpeng Yao
- Organ Transplant Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Fen Ning
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Organ Transplant Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Jiali Fang
- Organ Transplant Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Guanghui Li
- Organ Transplant Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Organ Transplant Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Yunyi Xiong
- Organ Transplant Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Luhao Liu
- Organ Transplant Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Rongxin Chen
- Organ Transplant Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Junjie Ma
- Organ Transplant Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Organ Transplant Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
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9
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Anupam K, Kaushal J, Prabhakar N, Bhatnagar A. Effect of redox status of peripheral blood on immune signature of circulating regulatory and cytotoxic T cells in streptozotocin induced rodent model of type I diabetes. Immunobiology 2018; 223:586-597. [PMID: 30017263 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory disease manifested by hyperglycemia and associated with imbalance in redox status and inflammatory response. Oxidative stress has been reported to affect functions of T cell repertoire- regulatory T cells (Tregs) and cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs). Tregs are involved in prevention against autoreactive T cells and controlling inflammation while CTLs are major mediators of tissue injury. Hence the present study is novel as it contemplates to understand oxidative stress in diabetes vis-à-vis T cells. Comparative analysis was carried out between two groups, i.e., healthy Sprague Dawley (SD) and Streptozotocin (STZ) induced SD rat model of type1 diabetes (T1D). Various hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters were assessed in plasma samples in the study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), Tregs and CTLs were evaluated for intracellular oxidative stress using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA), mitochondrial ROS using Mitosox-red, mitochondrial membrane potential using JC-1 in PBMCs. Treg populations expressing IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 and CTLs expressing αβ-T cell receptor (αβ -TCR), interferon- γ (IFN-γ), perforin and granzyme were also considered. We found decreased activity of enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and reduced glutathione(GSH) and increased lipid peroxidation (LPO) in plasma indicated altered redox state in diabetic animals. Elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial superoxide was observed in T1D group confirming oxidative stress in cell specific manner. Cell population with hyperpolarized mitochondrial membrane potential was found to be elevated in T1D group. We found a decrease in Treg population in T1D group in comparison to healthy group. Treg population expressing IL-4, IL-6 were increased and those expressing IL-10 were found to be reduced in diabetic group. The CTL numbers were dropping whereas αβ-TCR, IFN-γ, perforin and granzyme expressing CTLs were on the rise in diabetic group. Our finding suggested an increased oxidative stress in Tregs and CTLs which might be responsible for progressive inflammatory environment built up due to persistent hyperglycemia. This was fortified by the statistical analyses where strong correlation between LPO and CTLs expressing TCR, IFN-γ, perforin and granzyme was noted. Lipid peroxidation was also found to be correlated to intracellular ROS in Tregs and CTLs along with other important revelations. The present study gives important insights into the significance of oxidative stress on immune system and its mediators in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Anupam
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Jyotsana Kaushal
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Nirmal Prabhakar
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Archana Bhatnagar
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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10
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Mittal P, Abblett R, Ryan JM, Hagymasi AT, Agyekum-Yamoah A, Svedova J, Reiner SL, St Rose MC, Hanley MP, Vella AT, Adler AJ. An Immunotherapeutic CD137 Agonist Releases Eomesodermin from ThPOK Repression in CD4 T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:1513-1526. [PMID: 29305435 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Agonists to the TNF/TNFR costimulatory receptors CD134 (OX40) and CD137 (4-1BB) elicit antitumor immunity. Dual costimulation with anti-CD134 plus anti-CD137 is particularly potent because it programs cytotoxic potential in CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Cytotoxicity in dual-costimulated CD4 T cells depends on the T-box transcription factor eomesodermin (Eomes), which we report is induced via a mechanism that does not rely on IL-2, in contrast to CD8+ CTL, but rather depends on the CD8 T cell lineage commitment transcription factor Runx3, which supports Eomes expression in mature CD8+ CTLs. Further, Eomes and Runx3 were indispensable for dual-costimulated CD4 T cells to mediate antitumor activity in an aggressive melanoma model. Runx3 is also known to be expressed in standard CD4 Th1 cells where it fosters IFN-γ expression; however, the CD4 T cell lineage commitment factor ThPOK represses transcription of Eomes and other CD8 lineage genes, such as Cd8a Hence, CD4 T cells can differentiate into Eomes+ cytotoxic CD4+CD8+ double-positive T cells by terminating ThPOK expression. In contrast, dual-costimulated CD4 T cells express Eomes, despite the continued expression of ThPOK and the absence of CD8α, indicating that Eomes is selectively released from ThPOK repression. Finally, although Eomes was induced by CD137 agonist, but not CD134 agonist, administered individually, CD137 agonist failed to induce CD134-/- CD4 T cells to express Eomes or Runx3, indicating that both costimulatory pathways are required for cytotoxic Th1 programming, even when only CD137 is intentionally engaged with a therapeutic agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Mittal
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Rebecca Abblett
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Joseph M Ryan
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Adam T Hagymasi
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030
| | | | - Julia Svedova
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Steven L Reiner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032; and.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Marie-Clare St Rose
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Matthew P Hanley
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Adam J Adler
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030;
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11
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Visperas A, Vignali DAA. Are Regulatory T Cells Defective in Type 1 Diabetes and Can We Fix Them? THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 197:3762-3770. [PMID: 27815439 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical regulators of peripheral immune tolerance. Treg insufficiency can lead to autoimmune disorders, including type 1 diabetes (T1D). Increasing evidence in mouse models of T1D, as well as other autoimmune disorders, suggests that there are defects in Treg-mediated suppression. Indeed, whereas Treg frequency in the peripheral blood of T1D patients is unaltered, their suppressive abilities are diminished compared with Tregs in healthy controls. Although expression of the transcription factor Foxp3 is a prerequisite for Treg development and function, there are many additional factors that can alter their stability, survival, and function. Much has been learned in other model systems, such as tumors, about the mechanism and pathways that control Treg stability and function. This review poses the question of whether we can use these findings to develop new therapeutic approaches that might boost Treg stability, survival, and/or function in T1D and possibly other autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabelle Visperas
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; and
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; and .,Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
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12
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Li X, Zhang Y, Chen M, Mei Q, Liu Y, Feng K, Jia H, Dong L, Shi L, Liu L, Nie J, Han W. Increased IFNγ + T Cells Are Responsible for the Clinical Responses of Low-Dose DNA-Demethylating Agent Decitabine Antitumor Therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:6031-6043. [PMID: 28706011 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Low-dose DNA-demethylating agent decitabine therapy is effective in a subgroup of cancer patients. It remains largely elusive for the biomarker to predict therapeutic response and the underlying antitumor mechanisms, especially the impact on host antitumor immunity.Experimental Design: The influence of low-dose decitabine on T cells was detected both in vitro and in vivo Moreover, a test cohort and a validation cohort of advanced solid tumor patients with low-dose decitabine-based treatment were involved. The activation, proliferation, polarization, and cytolysis capacity of CD3+ T cells were analyzed by FACS and CCK8 assay. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis were performed to investigate the prognostic value of enhanced T-cell activity following decitabine epigenetic therapy.Results: Low-dose decitabine therapy enhanced the activation and proliferation of human IFNγ+ T cells, promoted Th1 polarization and activity of cytotoxic T cells both in vivo and in vitro, which in turn inhibited cancer progression and augmented the clinical effects of patients. In clinical trials, increased IFNγ+ T cells and increased T-cell cytotoxicity predicted improved therapeutic responses and survival in the test cohort and validation cohort.Conclusions: We find that low-dose decitabine therapy promotes antitumor T-cell responses by promoting T-cell proliferation and the increased IFNγ+ T cells may act as a potential prognostic biomarker for the response to decitabine-based antitumor therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 23(20); 6031-43. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Immunology and Biological Therapy, Institute of Basic Medical Science, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Biological Therapy, Institute of Basic Medical Science, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meixia Chen
- Department of Immunology and Biological Therapy, Institute of Basic Medical Science, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Mei
- Department of Immunology and Biological Therapy, Institute of Basic Medical Science, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Immunology and Biological Therapy, Institute of Basic Medical Science, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kaichao Feng
- Department of Immunology and Biological Therapy, Institute of Basic Medical Science, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hejin Jia
- Department of Immunology and Biological Therapy, Institute of Basic Medical Science, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Immunology and Biological Therapy, Institute of Basic Medical Science, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Shi
- Department of Immunology and Biological Therapy, Institute of Basic Medical Science, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Department of Immunology and Biological Therapy, Institute of Basic Medical Science, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Immunology and Biological Therapy, Institute of Basic Medical Science, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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13
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Adler AJ, Mittal P, Ryan JM, Zhou B, Wasser JS, Vella AT. Cytokines and metabolic factors regulate tumoricidal T-cell function during cancer immunotherapy. Immunotherapy 2017; 9:71-82. [PMID: 28000531 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2016-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in cancer biology and genetics have fostered precision therapies targeting tumor-specific attributes. Immune-based therapies that elicit cytolytic T cells (CTL) specific for tumor antigens can provide therapeutic benefit to cancer patients, however, cure rates are typically low. This largely results from immunosuppressive mechanisms operating within the tumor microenvironment, many of which inflict metabolic stresses upon CTL. Conversely, immunotherapies can mitigate specific metabolic stressors. For instance, dual costimulation immunotherapy with CD134 (OX40) plus CD137 (4-1BB) agonists appears to mediate tumor control in part by engaging cytokine networks that enable infiltrating CTL to compete for limiting supplies of glucose. Future efforts combining modalities that endow CTL with complimentary metabolic advantages should improve therapeutic efficacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Adler
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Payal Mittal
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Joseph M Ryan
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Beiyan Zhou
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Wasser
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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14
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Overacre-Delgoffe AE, Chikina M, Dadey RE, Yano H, Brunazzi EA, Shayan G, Horne W, Moskovitz JM, Kolls JK, Sander C, Shuai Y, Normolle DP, Kirkwood JM, Ferris RL, Delgoffe GM, Bruno TC, Workman CJ, Vignali DAA. Interferon-γ Drives T reg Fragility to Promote Anti-tumor Immunity. Cell 2017; 169:1130-1141.e11. [PMID: 28552348 PMCID: PMC5509332 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a barrier to anti-tumor immunity. Neuropilin-1 (Nrp1) is required to maintain intratumoral Treg stability and function but is dispensable for peripheral immune tolerance. Treg-restricted Nrp1 deletion results in profound tumor resistance due to Treg functional fragility. Thus, identifying the basis for Nrp1 dependency and the key drivers of Treg fragility could help to improve immunotherapy for human cancer. We show that a high percentage of intratumoral NRP1+ Tregs correlates with poor prognosis in melanoma and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Using a mouse model of melanoma where Nrp1-deficient (Nrp1-/-) and wild-type (Nrp1+/+) Tregs can be assessed in a competitive environment, we find that a high proportion of intratumoral Nrp1-/- Tregs produce interferon-γ (IFNγ), which drives the fragility of surrounding wild-type Tregs, boosts anti-tumor immunity, and facilitates tumor clearance. We also show that IFNγ-induced Treg fragility is required for response to anti-PD1, suggesting that cancer therapies promoting Treg fragility may be efficacious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail E Overacre-Delgoffe
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Maria Chikina
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Rebekah E Dadey
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Hiroshi Yano
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Erin A Brunazzi
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Gulidanna Shayan
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - William Horne
- Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Jessica M Moskovitz
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jay K Kolls
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Cindy Sander
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Yongli Shuai
- UPCI Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Daniel P Normolle
- UPCI Biostatistics Facility, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - John M Kirkwood
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Robert L Ferris
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Greg M Delgoffe
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Tullia C Bruno
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Creg J Workman
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
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15
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Amelioration of Inflammatory Cytokines Mix Stimulation: A Pretreatment of CD137 Signaling Study on VSMC. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:1382805. [PMID: 28280290 PMCID: PMC5322447 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1382805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed little CD137 expressed in normal vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and it is important to find a valid way to elevate it before studying its function. The level of CD137 was detected by RT-PCR, western blot, and flow cytometry, respectively. CD137 signaling activation was activated by agonist antibody and measured through phenotype transformation indicators and cell functions. Proteins in supernatants were detected by ELISA. The total CD137 elevates under different concentrations of CM treatment. Among these, 25 ng/ml CM treatment increases the CD137 expression mostly. However, flow cytometry demonstrates that 10 ng/ml CM elevates surface CD137 more significantly than other concentrations and reaches the peak at 36 h. At 10 ng/ml, but not 25 ng/ml CM pretreatment, the levels of phenotype related proteins such as SM-MHC, α-SMA, and calponin decrease while vimentin and NFATc1 increase, suggesting that VSMCs undergo phenotype transformation. Transwell, CCK-8 assay, and ELISA showed that the ability of VSMCs viability, migration, and IL-2 and IL-6 secretion induced by CD137 signaling was significantly enhanced by the pretreatment of 10 ng/ml CM. This research suggested that 10 ng/ml CM pretreatment is more reasonable than other concentrations when exploring CD137 function in VSMCs.
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17
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Tsurutani N, Mittal P, St Rose MC, Ngoi SM, Svedova J, Menoret A, Treadway FB, Laubenbacher R, Suárez-Ramírez JE, Cauley LS, Adler AJ, Vella AT. Costimulation Endows Immunotherapeutic CD8 T Cells with IL-36 Responsiveness during Aerobic Glycolysis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 196:124-34. [PMID: 26573834 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
CD134- and CD137-primed CD8 T cells mount powerful effector responses upon recall, but even without recall these dual-costimulated T cells respond to signal 3 cytokines such as IL-12. We searched for alternative signal 3 receptor pathways and found the IL-1 family member IL-36R. Although IL-36 alone did not stimulate effector CD8 T cells, in combination with IL-12, or more surprisingly IL-2, it induced striking and rapid TCR-independent IFN-γ synthesis. To understand how signal 3 responses functioned in dual-costimulated T cells we showed that IL-2 induced IL-36R gene expression in a JAK/STAT-dependent manner. These data help delineate a sequential stimulation process where IL-2 conditioning must precede IL-36 for IFN-γ synthesis. Importantly, this responsive state was transient and functioned only in effector T cells capable of aerobic glycolysis. Specifically, as the effector T cells metabolized glucose and consumed O2, they also retained potential to respond through IL-36R. This suggests that T cells use innate receptor pathways such as the IL-36R/axis when programmed for aerobic glycolysis. To explore a function for IL-36R in vivo, we showed that dual costimulation therapy reduced B16 melanoma tumor growth while increasing IL-36R gene expression. In summary, cytokine therapy to eliminate tumors may target effector T cells, even outside of TCR specificity, as long as the effectors are in the correct metabolic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Tsurutani
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030; and
| | - Payal Mittal
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030; and
| | - Marie-Clare St Rose
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030; and
| | - Soo Mun Ngoi
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030; and
| | - Julia Svedova
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030; and
| | - Antoine Menoret
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030; and
| | - Forrest B Treadway
- Center for Quantitative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Reinhard Laubenbacher
- Center for Quantitative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Jenny E Suárez-Ramírez
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030; and
| | - Linda S Cauley
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030; and
| | - Adam J Adler
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030; and
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030; and
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18
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Mittal P, St Rose MC, Wang X, Ryan JM, Wasser JS, Vella AT, Adler AJ. Tumor-Unrelated CD4 T Cell Help Augments CD134 plus CD137 Dual Costimulation Tumor Therapy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:5816-26. [PMID: 26561553 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The ability of immune-based cancer therapies to elicit beneficial CD8(+) CTLs is limited by tolerance pathways that inactivate tumor-specific CD4 Th cells. A strategy to bypass this problem is to engage tumor-unrelated CD4 Th cells. Thus, CD4 T cells, regardless of their specificity per se, can boost CD8(+) CTL priming as long as the cognate epitopes are linked via presentation on the same dendritic cell. In this study, we assessed the therapeutic impact of engaging tumor-unrelated CD4 T cells during dual costimulation with CD134 plus CD137 that provide help via the above-mentioned classical linked pathway, as well as provide nonlinked help that facilitates CTL function in T cells not directly responding to cognate Ag. We found that engagement of tumor-unrelated CD4 Th cells dramatically boosted the ability of dual costimulation to control the growth of established B16 melanomas. Surprisingly, this effect depended upon a CD134-dependent component that was extrinsic to the tumor-unrelated CD4 T cells, suggesting that the dual costimulated helper cells are themselves helped by a CD134(+) cell(s). Nevertheless, the delivery of therapeutic help tracked with an increased frequency of tumor-infiltrating granzyme B(+) effector CD8 T cells and a reciprocal decrease in Foxp3(+)CD4(+) cell frequency. Notably, the tumor-unrelated CD4 Th cells also infiltrated the tumors, and their deletion several days following initial T cell priming negated their therapeutic impact. Taken together, dual costimulation programs tumor-unrelated CD4 T cells to deliver therapeutic help during both the priming and effector stages of the antitumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Mittal
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030; and
| | - Marie-Clare St Rose
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030; and
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030; and
| | - Joseph M Ryan
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030; and
| | - Jeffrey S Wasser
- The Carole and Ray Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030; and
| | - Adam J Adler
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030; and
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Bartkowiak T, Curran MA. 4-1BB Agonists: Multi-Potent Potentiators of Tumor Immunity. Front Oncol 2015; 5:117. [PMID: 26106583 PMCID: PMC4459101 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a rapidly expanding field of oncology aimed at targeting, not the tumor itself, but the immune system combating the cancerous lesion. Of the many approaches currently under study to boost anti-tumor immune responses; modulation of immune co-receptors on lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment has thus far proven to be the most effective. Antibody blockade of the T cell co-inhibitory receptor cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) has become the first FDA approved immune checkpoint blockade; however, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes express a diverse array of additional stimulatory and inhibitory co-receptors, which can be targeted to boost tumor immunity. Among these, the co-stimulatory receptor 4-1BB (CD137/TNFSF9) possesses an unequaled capacity for both activation and pro-inflammatory polarization of anti-tumor lymphocytes. While functional studies of 4-1BB have focused on its prominent role in augmenting cytotoxic CD8 T cells, 4-1BB can also modulate the activity of CD4 T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. 4-1BB’s expression on both T cells and antigen presenting cells, coupled with its capacity to promote survival, expansion, and enhanced effector function of activated T cells, has made it an alluring target for tumor immunotherapy. In contrast to immune checkpoint blocking antibodies, 4-1BB agonists can both potentiate anti-tumor and anti-viral immunity, while at the same time ameliorating autoimmune disease. Despite this, 4-1BB agonists can trigger high grade liver inflammation which has slowed their clinical development. In this review, we discuss how the underlying immunobiology of 4-1BB activation suggests the potential for therapeutically synergistic combination strategies in which immune adverse events can be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Bartkowiak
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA ; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston , Houston, TX , USA
| | - Michael A Curran
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA ; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston , Houston, TX , USA
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20
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Dai H, Peng F, Lin M, Xia J, Yu S, Lan G, Wang Y, Xie X, Fang C, Corbascio M, Qi Z, Peng L. Anti-OX40L monoclonal antibody prolongs secondary heart allograft survival based on CD40/CD40L and LFA-1/ICAM-1 blockade. Transpl Immunol 2015; 32:84-91. [PMID: 25613092 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Memory T cells (Tms) form a barrier against long-term allograft survival; however, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) can suppress allograft rejection. The OX40/OX40L pathway is critical to the generation of Tms and turns off Treg suppressor function. METHODS B6 mice that rejected BALB/c skin grafts after 4 weeks were used as the secondary heart transplant recipients. The skin recipient mice, termed S0, S2 and S3, were treated with the isotype antibodies, anti-CD40L/LFA-1 or anti-OX40L combined with anti-CD40L/LFA-1 mAbs, respectively. The secondary heart recipients, termed H0 and H2, received anti-CD40L/LFA-1 mAbs or not, respectively (Fig. 1). RESULTS Four weeks after primary skin transplantation, the Tms in the S3 group that received anti-OX40L with anti-CD40L/LFA-1 mAbs were reduced compared to those in the S2 group (CD4(+) Tm: 32.61 ± 2.20% in S2 vs. 25.36 ± 1.16% in S3; CD8(+) Tm: 27.76 ± 1.96% in S2 vs. 20.95 ± 1.30% in S3; P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the proportions of Tregs in S3 increased compared to those in S2 (P < 0.05). The anti-OX40L with anti-CD40L/LFA-1 mAbs group (S3H2) prolonged the mean survival time (MST) following secondary heart transplantation from 9.5 days to 21 days (P < 0.001). Furthermore, allogeneic proliferation of recipient splenic T cells and graft-infiltrating lymphocytes were significantly inhibited in the S3H2 group. Additionally, a higher level of IL-10 was detected in sera and allografts. CONCLUSIONS Anti-OX40L mAb could prolong secondary heart allograft survival based on CD40/CD40L and LFA-1/ICAM-1 blockade. The mechanism of protecting allografts using anti-OX40L mAb involved impairing the generation of Tm and up-regulating IL-10 producing Tregs, inhibiting the function of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helong Dai
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Fenghua Peng
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Minjie Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Junjie Xia
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Xiamen University, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Shaojie Yu
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Gongbin Lan
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Xubiao Xie
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Chunhua Fang
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, PR China
| | | | - Zhongquan Qi
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Xiamen University, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Longkai Peng
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, PR China.
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Navabi SS, Doroudchi M, Tashnizi AH, Habibagahi M. Natural Killer Cell Functional Activity After 4-1BB Costimulation. Inflammation 2014; 38:1181-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-0082-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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