1
|
Shubhrasmita Sahu S, Sarkar P, Chattopadhyay A. Quantitation of F-actin in cytoskeletal reorganization: Context, methodology and implications. Methods 2024; 230:44-58. [PMID: 39074540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2024.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is involved in a large number of cellular signaling events in addition to providing structural integrity to the cell. Actin polymerization is a key event during cellular signaling. Although the role of actin cytoskeleton in cellular processes such as trafficking and motility has been extensively studied, the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton upon signaling has been rarely explored due to lack of suitable assays. Keeping in mind this lacuna, we developed a confocal microscopy based approach that relies on high magnification imaging of cellular F-actin, followed by image reconstruction using commercially available software. In this review, we discuss the context and relevance of actin quantitation, followed by a detailed hands-on approach of the methodology involved with specific points on troubleshooting and useful precautions. In the latter part of the review, we elucidate the method by discussing applications of actin quantitation from our work in several important problems in contemporary membrane biology ranging from pathogen entry into host cells, to GPCR signaling and membrane-cytoskeleton interaction. We envision that future discovery of cell-permeable novel fluorescent probes, in combination with genetically encoded actin-binding reporters, would allow real-time visualization of actin cytoskeleton dynamics to gain deeper insights into active cellular processes in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhashree Shubhrasmita Sahu
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Parijat Sarkar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Amitabha Chattopadhyay
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guo X, Mu B, Zhu L, Zhuo Y, Mu P, Ren F, Lu F. Rabenosyn-5 suppresses non-small cell lung cancer metastasis via inhibiting CDC42 activity. Cancer Gene Ther 2024:10.1038/s41417-024-00813-4. [PMID: 39075137 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00813-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Metastasis, the primary cause of death in lung cancer patients, is facilitated by cytoskeleton remodeling, which plays a crucial role in cancer cell migration and invasion. However, the precise regulatory mechanisms of intracellular trafficking proteins involved in cytoskeleton remodeling remain unclear. In this study, we have identified Rabenosyn-5 (Rbsn) as an inhibitor of filopodia formation and lung cancer metastasis. Mechanistically, Rbsn interacts with CDC42 and functions as a GTPase activating protein (GAP), thereby inhibiting CDC42 activity and subsequent filopodia formation. Furthermore, we have discovered that Akt phosphorylates Rbsn at the Thr253 site, and this phosphorylation negates the inhibitory effect of Rbsn on CDC42 activity. Additionally, our analysis reveals that Rbsn expression is significantly downregulated in lung cancer, and this decrease is associated with a worse prognosis. These findings provide strong evidence supporting the role of Rbsn in suppressing lung cancer progression through the inhibition of metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Guo
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Mu
- Shanghai Zhaohui Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 200436, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shenyang Medical College, 113004, Shenyang, China
- Key laboratory of Human Ethnic Specificity and Phenomics of Critical Illness in Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, 113004, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanli Zhuo
- Department of drug inspection (II), Shenyang Institute for Food and Drug Control, 110000, Shenyang, China
| | - Ping Mu
- Key laboratory of Human Ethnic Specificity and Phenomics of Critical Illness in Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, 113004, Shenyang, China.
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical College, 113004, Shenyang, China.
| | - Fu Ren
- Key laboratory of Human Ethnic Specificity and Phenomics of Critical Illness in Liaoning Province, Shenyang Medical College, 113004, Shenyang, China.
- Department of Anatomy, Shenyang Medical College, 113004, Shenyang, China.
| | - Fangjin Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Shenyang Medical College, 113004, Shenyang, China.
- Shenyang Key Laboratory for Screening Biomarkers of Tumor Progression and Targeted Therapy of Tumors, Shenyang Medical College, 113004, Shenyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu Y, Hu X, Wei Z, Lin Q. Cellular Regulation of Macropinocytosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6963. [PMID: 39000072 PMCID: PMC11241348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Interest in macropinocytosis has risen in recent years owing to its function in tumorigenesis, immune reaction, and viral infection. Cancer cells utilize macropinocytosis to acquire nutrients to support their uncontrolled proliferation and energy consumption. Macropinocytosis, a highly dynamic endocytic and vesicular process, is regulated by a series of cellular signaling pathways. The activation of small GTPases in conjunction with phosphoinositide signaling pivotally regulates the process of macropinocytosis. In this review, we summarize important findings about the regulation of macropinocytosis and provide information to increase our understanding of the regulatory mechanism underlying it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qiong Lin
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Y.W.); (X.H.); (Z.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Carter T, Iqbal M. The Influenza A Virus Replication Cycle: A Comprehensive Review. Viruses 2024; 16:316. [PMID: 38400091 PMCID: PMC10892522 DOI: 10.3390/v16020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is the primary causative agent of influenza, colloquially called the flu. Each year, it infects up to a billion people, resulting in hundreds of thousands of human deaths, and causes devastating avian outbreaks with worldwide losses worth billions of dollars. Always present is the possibility that a highly pathogenic novel subtype capable of direct human-to-human transmission will spill over into humans, causing a pandemic as devastating if not more so than the 1918 influenza pandemic. While antiviral drugs for influenza do exist, they target very few aspects of IAV replication and risk becoming obsolete due to antiviral resistance. Antivirals targeting other areas of IAV replication are needed to overcome this resistance and combat the yearly epidemics, which exact a serious toll worldwide. This review aims to summarise the key steps in the IAV replication cycle, along with highlighting areas of research that need more focus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toby Carter
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK;
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sun X, Li Y, He Y, Cheng L, Wei J, Du L, Shen Z, Yoshida S. GTPase-activating protein ARAP1 regulates circular dorsal ruffles as a nutrient uptake mechanism in the Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.31.573800. [PMID: 38260345 PMCID: PMC10802275 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.31.573800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Circular dorsal ruffles (CDRs), large-scale rounded membrane ruffles, function as precursors of macropinocytosis. We recently reported that CDRs are exposed in the Hep3B hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, while not in other hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines, indicating that the CDRs in Hep3B are associated with malignant potential. In this study, we investigated the cellular function of CDRs in Hep3B cells by focusing on the molecular mechanisms of the GTPase-activating protein ARAP1. ARAP1 was localized to the CDRs, the sizes of which were reduced by deletion of this protein. High-resolution scanning electron micrographs revealed that CDRs comprise small vertical lamellipodia, the expression pattern of which was disrupted in ARAP1 KO cells. Extracellular solute uptake, rate of cell growth, and malignant potential were attenuated in the KO cells. ARAP1 is also localized in Hep3B cell mitochondria, although not in those of the Huh7 hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. On the basis of these findings, we propose that the aberrant expression of ARAP1 in Hep3B cells modulates CDRs, thereby resulting in an excess uptake of nutrients as an initial event in cancer development. SUMMARY STATEMENT ARAP1 regulates circular dorsal ruffles (CDRs) in the Hep3B HCC cell line and deletion of this protein attenuates malignant potential, thereby indicating the involvement of CDRs in cancer development.
Collapse
|
6
|
Putar D, Čizmar A, Chao X, Šimić M, Šoštar M, Ćutić T, Mijanović L, Smolko A, Tu H, Cosson P, Weber I, Cai H, Filić V. IqgC is a potent regulator of macropinocytosis in the presence of NF1 and its loading to macropinosomes is dependent on RasG. Open Biol 2024; 14:230372. [PMID: 38263885 PMCID: PMC10806400 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
RasG is a major regulator of macropinocytosis in Dictyostelium discoideum. Its activity is under the control of an IQGAP-related protein, IqgC, which acts as a RasG-specific GAP (GTPase activating protein). IqgC colocalizes with the active Ras at the macropinosome membrane during its formation and for some time after the cup closure. However, the loss of IqgC induces only a minor enhancement of fluid uptake in axenic cells that already lack another RasGAP, NF1. Here, we show that IqgC plays an important role in the regulation of macropinocytosis in the presence of NF1 by restricting the size of macropinosomes. We further provide evidence that interaction with RasG is indispensable for the recruitment of IqgC to forming macropinocytic cups. We also demonstrate that IqgC interacts with another small GTPase from the Ras superfamily, Rab5A, but is not a GAP for Rab5A. Since mammalian Rab5 plays a key role in early endosome maturation, we hypothesized that IqgC could be involved in macropinosome maturation via its interaction with Rab5A. Although an excessive amount of Rab5A reduces the RasGAP activity of IqgC in vitro and correlates with IqgC dissociation from endosomes in vivo, the physiological significance of the Rab5A-IqgC interaction remains elusive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darija Putar
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anja Čizmar
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Xiaoting Chao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Marija Šimić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Šoštar
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tamara Ćutić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Mijanović
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Smolko
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hui Tu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pierre Cosson
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Igor Weber
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Huaqing Cai
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Vedrana Filić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Khumukcham SS, Penugurti V, Bugide S, Dwivedi A, Kumari A, Kesavan PS, Kalali S, Mishra YG, Ramesh VA, Nagarajaram HA, Mazumder A, Manavathi B. HPIP and RUFY3 are noncanonical guanine nucleotide exchange factors of Rab5 to regulate endocytosis-coupled focal adhesion turnover. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105311. [PMID: 37797694 PMCID: PMC10641178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While the role of endocytosis in focal adhesion turnover-coupled cell migration has been established in addition to its conventional role in cellular functions, the molecular regulators and precise molecular mechanisms that underlie this process remain largely unknown. In this study, we report that proto-oncoprotein hematopoietic PBX-interacting protein (HPIP) localizes to focal adhesions as well as endosomal compartments along with RUN FYVE domain-containing protein 3 (RUFY3) and Rab5, an early endosomal protein. HPIP contains two coiled-coil domains (CC1 and CC2) that are necessary for its association with Rab5 and RUFY3 as CC domain double mutant, that is, mtHPIPΔCC1-2 failed to support it. Furthermore, we show that HPIP and RUFY3 activate Rab5 by serving as noncanonical guanine nucleotide exchange factors of Rab5. In support of this, either deletion of coiled-coil domains or silencing of HPIP or RUFY3 impairs Rab5 activation and Rab5-dependent cell migration. Mechanistic studies further revealed that loss of HPIP or RUFY3 expression severely impairs Rab5-mediated focal adhesion disassembly, FAK activation, fibronectin-associated-β1 integrin trafficking, and thus cell migration. Together, this study underscores the importance of HPIP and RUFY3 as noncanonical guanine nucleotide exchange factors of Rab5 and in integrin trafficking and focal adhesion turnover, which implicates in cell migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vasudevarao Penugurti
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Suresh Bugide
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Anju Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Anita Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - P S Kesavan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sruchytha Kalali
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Yasaswi Gayatri Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Vakkalagadda A Ramesh
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Centre for DNA Finger Printing and Diagnostics (CDFD), Hyderabad, Telangana, India; Laboratory of Computational Biology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Aprotim Mazumder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Bramanandam Manavathi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sgarzi M, Mazzeschi M, Santi S, Montacci E, Panciera T, Ferlizza E, Girone C, Morselli A, Gelfo V, Kuhre RS, Cavallo C, Valente S, Pasquinelli G, Győrffy B, D'Uva G, Romaniello D, Lauriola M. Aberrant MET activation impairs perinuclear actin cap organization with YAP1 cytosolic relocation. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1044. [PMID: 37838732 PMCID: PMC10576810 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05411-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the signaling network responsible for the organization of the perinuclear actin cap, a recently identified structure holding unique roles in the regulation of nuclear shape and cell directionality. In cancer cells expressing a constitutively active MET, we show a rearrangement of the actin cap filaments, which crash into perinuclear patches associated with spherical nuclei, meandering cell motility and inactivation of the mechano-transducer YAP1. MET ablation is sufficient to reactivate YAP1 and restore the cap, leading to enhanced directionality and flattened nuclei. Consistently, the introduction of a hyperactive MET in normal epithelial cells, enhances nuclear height and alters the cap organization, as also confirmed by TEM analysis. Finally, the constitutively active YAP1 mutant YAP5SA is able to overcome the effects of oncogenic MET. Overall, our work describes a signaling axis empowering MET-mediated YAP1 dampening and actin cap misalignment, with implications for nuclear shape and cell motility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Sgarzi
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Spartaco Santi
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS-Institute Orthopaedic Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Montacci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tito Panciera
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Enea Ferlizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cinzia Girone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Morselli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valerio Gelfo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rikke Sofie Kuhre
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carola Cavallo
- Laboratory of Preclinical Studies for Regenerative Medicine of the Musculoskeletal System (RAMSES), (IRCCS) Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabrina Valente
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianandrea Pasquinelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Balazs Győrffy
- Semmelweis University Dept. of Bioinformatics and 2nd Dept. Of Pediatrics, Budapest, Hungary
- TTK Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriele D'Uva
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Donatella Romaniello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Mattia Lauriola
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), Bologna University Hospital Authority St. Orsola -Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Deyell M, Bakhoum SF. Unjamming tumour cell invasion through cGAS-STING. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:532-533. [PMID: 37138010 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Deyell
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Samuel F Bakhoum
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hua R, Wei J, Torres M, He Y, Li Y, Sun X, Wang L, Inoki K, Yoshida S. Identification of circular dorsal ruffles as signal platforms for the AKT pathway in glomerular podocytes. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1063-1079. [PMID: 36924084 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Circular dorsal ruffles (CDRs) are rounded membrane ruffles induced by growth factors to function as precursors of the large-scale endocytosis called macropinocytosis. In addition to their role in cellular uptake, recent research using cell line systems has shown that CDRs/macropinocytosis regulate the canonical AKT-mTORC1 growth factor signaling pathway. However, as CDRs have not been observed in tissues, their physiological relevance has remained unclear. Here, utilizing ultrahigh-resolution scanning electron microscopy, we first report that CDRs are expressed in glomerular podocytes ex vivo and in vivo, and we visually captured the transformation process to macropinocytosis. Moreover, through biochemical and imaging analyses, we show that AKT phosphorylation localized to CDRs upstream of mTORC1 activation in podocyte cell lines and isolated glomeruli. These results demonstrate the physiological role of CDRs as signal platforms for the AKT-mTORC1 pathway in glomerular podocytes at the tissue level. As mTORC1 plays critical roles in podocyte metabolism, and aberrant activation of mTORC1 triggers podocytopathies, our results strongly suggest that targeting CDR formation could represent a potential therapeutic approach for these diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinzi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mauricio Torres
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yuxin He
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaowei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ken Inoki
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Internal medicine and Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sei Yoshida
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Nankai International Advanced Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Salloum G, Bresnick AR, Backer JM. Macropinocytosis: mechanisms and regulation. Biochem J 2023; 480:335-362. [PMID: 36920093 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Macropinocytosis is defined as an actin-dependent but coat- and dynamin-independent endocytic uptake process, which generates large intracellular vesicles (macropinosomes) containing a non-selective sampling of extracellular fluid. Macropinocytosis provides an important mechanism of immune surveillance by dendritic cells and macrophages, but also serves as an essential nutrient uptake pathway for unicellular organisms and tumor cells. This review examines the cell biological mechanisms that drive macropinocytosis, as well as the complex signaling pathways - GTPases, lipid and protein kinases and phosphatases, and actin regulatory proteins - that regulate macropinosome formation, internalization, and disposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert Salloum
- Department of Molecular Pharamacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, U.S.A
| | - Anne R Bresnick
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, U.S.A
| | - Jonathan M Backer
- Department of Molecular Pharamacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, U.S.A
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Circular dorsal ruffles disturb the growth factor-induced PI3K-AKT pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:102. [PMID: 35799301 PMCID: PMC9264614 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00911-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circular dorsal ruffles (CDRs) are rounded membrane ruffles induced on the dorsal surfaces of cells stimulated by growth factors (GF). They can serve as signal platforms to activate AKT protein kinase. After GF stimulation, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) generates phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-triphosphate (PIP3) in the plasma membrane. PIP3 accumulates inside CDRs, recruits AKT into the structures, and phosphorylates them (pAKT). Given the importance of the PI3K-AKT pathway in GF signaling, CDRs are likely involved in cell growth. Interestingly, some cancer cell lines express CDRs. We hypothesized that CDRs contribute to carcinogenesis by modulating the AKT pathway. In the present study, we identified CDR-expressing cancer cell lines and investigated their cellular functions. Methods CDR formation was examined in six cancer cell lines in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin. The morphology of the CDRs was characterized, and the related signaling molecules were observed using confocal and scanning electron microscopy. The role of CDRs in the AKT pathway was studied using biochemical analysis. The actin inhibitor cytochalasin D (Cyto D) and the PI3K inhibitor TGX221 were used to block CDRs. Results GF treatment induced CDRs in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Hep3B cell line, but not in others, including HCC cell lines HepG2 and Huh7, and the LO2 hepatocyte cell line. Confocal microscopy and western blot analysis showed that the PI3K-PIP3-AKT pathway was activated at the CDRs and that receptor proteins were recruited to the structures. Cyto D and TGX221 completely blocked CDRs and partially attenuated GF-induced pAKT. These results indicate that CDRs regulate the receptor-mediated PI3K-AKT pathway in Hep3B cells and the existence of CDR-independent pAKT mechanisms. Conclusions Our results showed that CDRs modulate the AKT pathway in Hep3B cells. Since CDRs were not observed in other HCC and hepatocyte cell lines, we propose that CDRs in Hep3B would determine the carcinoma characteristic of the cell by aberrantly triggering the AKT pathway. Signaling molecules involved in CDR formation are promising therapeutic targets for some types of HCC. Video abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-022-00911-6.
Collapse
|
13
|
Drongitis D, Caterino M, Verrillo L, Santonicola P, Costanzo M, Poeta L, Attianese B, Barra A, Terrone G, Lioi MB, Paladino S, Di Schiavi E, Costa V, Ruoppolo M, Miano MG. Deregulation of microtubule organization and RNA metabolism in Arx models for lissencephaly and developmental epileptic encephalopathy. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:1884-1908. [PMID: 35094084 PMCID: PMC9169459 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked lissencephaly with abnormal genitalia (XLAG) and developmental epileptic encephalopathy-1 (DEE1) are caused by mutations in the Aristaless-related homeobox (ARX) gene, which encodes a transcription factor responsible for brain development. It has been unknown whether the phenotypically diverse XLAG and DEE1 phenotypes may converge on shared pathways. To address this question, a label-free quantitative proteomic approach was applied to the neonatal brain of Arx knockout (ArxKO/Y) and knock-in polyalanine (Arx(GCG)7/Y) mice that are respectively models for XLAG and DEE1. Gene ontology and protein-protein interaction analysis revealed that cytoskeleton, protein synthesis and splicing control are deregulated in an allelic-dependent manner. Decreased α-tubulin content was observed both in Arx mice and Arx/alr-1(KO) Caenorhabditis elegans ,and a disorganized neurite network in murine primary neurons was consistent with an allelic-dependent secondary tubulinopathy. As distinct features of Arx(GCG)7/Y mice, we detected eIF4A2 overexpression and translational suppression in cortex and primary neurons. Allelic-dependent differences were also established in alternative splicing (AS) regulated by PUF60 and SAM68. Abnormal AS repertoires in Neurexin-1, a gene encoding multiple pre-synaptic organizers implicated in synaptic remodelling, were detected in Arx/alr-1(KO) animals and in Arx(GCG)7/Y epileptogenic brain areas and depolarized cortical neurons. Consistent with a conserved role of ARX in modulating AS, we propose that the allelic-dependent secondary synaptopathy results from an aberrant Neurexin-1 repertoire. Overall, our data reveal alterations mirroring the overlapping and variant effects caused by null and polyalanine expanded mutations in ARX. The identification of these effects can aid in the design of pathway-guided therapy for ARX endophenotypes and NDDs with overlapping comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Drongitis
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics ``Adriano Buzzati-Traverso'', National Research Council of Italy, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Caterino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a.r.l., 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Verrillo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics ``Adriano Buzzati-Traverso'', National Research Council of Italy, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Pamela Santonicola
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council of Italy, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Costanzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a.r.l., 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Loredana Poeta
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics ``Adriano Buzzati-Traverso'', National Research Council of Italy, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Benedetta Attianese
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics ``Adriano Buzzati-Traverso'', National Research Council of Italy, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Adriano Barra
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics ``Adriano Buzzati-Traverso'', National Research Council of Italy, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Terrone
- Department of Translational Medicine, Child Neurology Unit, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Simona Paladino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Elia Di Schiavi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council of Italy, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Valerio Costa
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics ``Adriano Buzzati-Traverso'', National Research Council of Italy, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Margherita Ruoppolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a.r.l., 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Giuseppina Miano
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics ``Adriano Buzzati-Traverso'', National Research Council of Italy, 80131, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rab33b-exocyst interaction mediates localized secretion for focal adhesion turnover and cell migration. iScience 2022; 25:104250. [PMID: 35521520 PMCID: PMC9061791 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab proteins are well known regulators of intracellular trafficking; however, more and more studies point to their function also in other cellular processes, including cell migration. In this work, we have performed an siRNA screen to identify Rab proteins that influence cell migration. The screen revealed Rab33b as the strongest candidate that affected cell motility. Rab33b has been previously reported to localize at the Golgi apparatus to regulate Golgi-to-ER retrograde trafficking and Golgi homeostasis. We revealed that Rab33b also mediates post-Golgi transport to the plasma membrane. We further identified Exoc6, a subunit of the exocyst complex, as an interactor of Rab33b. Moreover, our data indicate that Rab33b regulates focal adhesion dynamics by modulating the delivery of cargo such as integrins to focal adhesions. Altogether, our results demonstrate a role for Rab33b in cell migration by regulating the delivery of integrins to focal adhesions through the interaction with Exoc6. RNAi screen reveals a role for Rab33b in cell migration Rab33b influences focal adhesion dynamics Rab33b interacts with the exocyst subunit Exoc6 Rab33b together with Exoc6 mediates the delivery of β1 integrin to adhesion points
Collapse
|
15
|
Francis CR, Kushner EJ. Trafficking in blood vessel development. Angiogenesis 2022; 25:291-305. [PMID: 35449244 PMCID: PMC9249721 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-022-09838-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessels demonstrate a multitude of complex signaling programs that work in concert to produce functional vasculature networks during development. A known, but less widely studied, area of endothelial cell regulation is vesicular trafficking, also termed sorting. After moving through the Golgi apparatus, proteins are shuttled to organelles, plugged into membranes, recycled, or degraded depending on the internal and extrinsic cues. A snapshot of these protein-sorting systems can be viewed as a trafficking signature that is not only unique to endothelial tissue, but critically important for blood vessel form and function. In this review, we will cover how vesicular trafficking impacts various aspects of angiogenesis, such as sprouting, lumen formation, vessel stabilization, and secretion, emphasizing the role of Rab GTPase family members and their various effectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin R Francis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA
| | - Erich J Kushner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mariano A, Lubrano C, Bruno U, Ausilio C, Dinger NB, Santoro F. Advances in Cell-Conductive Polymer Biointerfaces and Role of the Plasma Membrane. Chem Rev 2022; 122:4552-4580. [PMID: 34582168 PMCID: PMC8874911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM) is often described as a wall, a physical barrier separating the cell cytoplasm from the extracellular matrix (ECM). Yet, this wall is a highly dynamic structure that can stretch, bend, and bud, allowing cells to respond and adapt to their surrounding environment. Inspired by shapes and geometries found in the biological world and exploiting the intrinsic properties of conductive polymers (CPs), several biomimetic strategies based on substrate dimensionality have been tailored in order to optimize the cell-chip coupling. Furthermore, device biofunctionalization through the use of ECM proteins or lipid bilayers have proven successful approaches to further maximize interfacial interactions. As the bio-electronic field aims at narrowing the gap between the electronic and the biological world, the possibility of effectively disguising conductive materials to "trick" cells to recognize artificial devices as part of their biological environment is a promising approach on the road to the seamless platform integration with cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mariano
- Tissue
Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Lubrano
- Tissue
Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Materiali e Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Ugo Bruno
- Tissue
Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Materiali e Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Ausilio
- Tissue
Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Nikita Bhupesh Dinger
- Tissue
Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Materiali e Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Santoro
- Tissue
Electronics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
The distinct movements of macropinosome formation and maturation have corresponding biochemical activities which occur in a defined sequence of stages and transitions between those stages. Each stage in the process is regulated by variously phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) which reside in the cytoplasmic face of the membrane lipid bilayer. PtdIns derivatives phosphorylated at the 3' position of the inositol moiety, called 3' phosphoinositides (3'PIs), regulate different stages of the sequence. 3'PIs are synthesized by numerous phosphoinositide 3'-kinases (PI3K) and other lipid kinases and phosphatases, which are themselves regulated by small GTPases of the Ras superfamily. The combined actions of these enzymes localize four principal species of 3'PI to distinct domains of the plasma membrane or to discrete organelles, with distinct biochemical activities confined to those domains. Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) and phosphatidylinositol (3,4)-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4)P2) regulate the early stages of macropinosome formation, which include cell surface ruffling and constrictions of circular ruffles which close into macropinosomes. Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) regulates macropinosome fusion with other macropinosomes and early endocytic organelles. Phosphatidylinositol (3,5)-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,5)P2) mediates macropinosome maturation and shrinkage, through loss of ions and water, and subsequent traffic to lysosomes. The different characteristic rates of macropinocytosis in different cell types indicate levels of regulation which may be governed by the cell's capacity to generate 3'PIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel A Swanson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Nobukazu Araki
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rao XS, Cong XX, Gao XK, Shi YP, Shi LJ, Wang JF, Ni CY, He MJ, Xu Y, Yi C, Meng ZX, Liu J, Lin P, Zheng LL, Zhou YT. AMPK-mediated phosphorylation enhances the auto-inhibition of TBC1D17 to promote Rab5-dependent glucose uptake. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:3214-3234. [PMID: 34045668 PMCID: PMC8630067 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00809-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of glucose homeostasis contributes to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Whilst exercise stimulated activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an important energy sensor, has been highlighted for its potential to promote insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, the underlying mechanisms for this remain largely unknown. Here we found that AMPK positively regulates the activation of Rab5, a small GTPase which is involved in regulating Glut4 translocation, in both myoblasts and skeletal muscles. We further verified that TBC1D17, identified as a potential interacting partner of Rab5 in our recent study, is a novel GTPase activating protein (GAP) of Rab5. TBC1D17-Rab5 axis regulates transport of Glut1, Glut4, and transferrin receptor. TBC1D17 interacts with Rab5 or AMPK via its TBC domain or N-terminal 1-306 region (N-Ter), respectively. Moreover, AMPK phosphorylates the Ser 168 residue of TBC1D17 which matches the predicted AMPK consensus motif. N-Ter of TBC1D17 acts as an inhibitory region by directly interacting with the TBC domain. Ser168 phosphorylation promotes intra-molecular interaction and therefore enhances the auto-inhibition of TBC1D17. Our findings reveal that TBC1D17 acts as a molecular bridge that links AMPK and Rab5 and delineate a previously unappreciated mechanism by which the activation of TBC/RabGAP is regulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Sheng Rao
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xia Cong
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiu Kui Gao
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Pu Shi
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Jing Shi
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Feng Wang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen-Yao Ni
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991The School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Ming Jie He
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingke Xu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Yi
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Xian Meng
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinling Liu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Pulmonology, the Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Lin
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Ling Zheng
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of General Intensive Care Unit of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Ting Zhou
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Biochemistry and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XZJU-UoE Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XCancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wang D, Ye Z, Wei W, Yu J, Huang L, Zhang H, Yue J. Capping protein regulates endosomal trafficking by controlling F-actin density around endocytic vesicles and recruiting RAB5 effectors. eLife 2021; 10:e65910. [PMID: 34796874 PMCID: PMC8654373 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin filaments (F-actin) have been implicated in various steps of endosomal trafficking, and the length of F-actin is controlled by actin capping proteins, such as CapZ, which is a stable heterodimeric protein complex consisting of α and β subunits. However, the role of these capping proteins in endosomal trafficking remains elusive. Here, we found that CapZ docks to endocytic vesicles via its C-terminal actin-binding motif. CapZ knockout significantly increases the F-actin density around immature early endosomes, and this impedes fusion between these vesicles, manifested by the accumulation of small endocytic vesicles in CapZ-knockout cells. CapZ also recruits several RAB5 effectors, such as Rabaptin-5 and Rabex-5, to RAB5-positive early endosomes via its N-terminal domain, and this further activates RAB5. Collectively, our results indicate that CapZ regulates endosomal trafficking by controlling actin density around early endosomes and recruiting RAB5 effectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wang
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhenChina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Zuodong Ye
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhenChina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Wenjie Wei
- Core Research Facilities, Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Jingting Yu
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhenChina
| | - Lihong Huang
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhenChina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong KongHong KongChina
| | - Hongmin Zhang
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Jianbo Yue
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhenChina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong KongHong KongChina
- City University of Hong Kong Chengdu Research InstituteChengduChina
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Marsal M, Hernández-Vega A, Pouille PA, Martin-Blanco E. Rab5ab-Mediated Yolk Cell Membrane Endocytosis Is Essential for Zebrafish Epiboly and Mechanical Equilibrium During Gastrulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:697097. [PMID: 34778246 PMCID: PMC8585776 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.697097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphogenesis in early embryos demands the coordinated distribution of cells and tissues to their final destination in a spatio-temporal controlled way. Spatial and scalar differences in adhesion and contractility are essential for these morphogenetic movements, while the role that membrane remodeling may play remains less clear. To evaluate how membrane turnover modulates tissue arrangements we studied the role of endocytosis in zebrafish epiboly. Experimental analyses and modeling have shown that the expansion of the blastoderm relies on an asymmetry of mechanical tension in the yolk cell generated as a result of actomyosin-dependent contraction and membrane removal. Here we show that the GTPase Rab5ab is essential for the endocytosis and the removal of the external yolk cell syncytial layer (E-YSL) membrane. Interfering in its expression exclusively in the yolk resulted in the reduction of yolk cell actomyosin contractility, the disruption of cortical and internal flows, a disequilibrium in force balance and epiboly impairment. We conclude that regulated membrane remodeling is crucial for directing cell and tissue mechanics, preserving embryo geometry and coordinating morphogenetic movements during epiboly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Marsal
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amayra Hernández-Vega
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Philippe-Alexandre Pouille
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Martin-Blanco
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
DeLiberty JM, Robb R, Gates CE, Bryant KL. Unraveling and targeting RAS-driven metabolic signaling for therapeutic gain. Adv Cancer Res 2021; 153:267-304. [PMID: 35101233 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RAS mutations are among the most frequent oncogenic drivers observed in human cancers. With a lack of available treatment options, RAS-mutant cancers account for many of the deadliest cancers in the United States. Recent studies established that altered metabolic requirements are a hallmark of cancer, and many of these alterations are driven by aberrant RAS signaling. Specifically, RAS-driven cancers are characterized by upregulated glycolysis, the differential channeling of glycolytic intermediates, upregulated nutrient scavenging pathways such as autophagy and macropinocytosis, and altered glutamine utilization and mitochondrial function. This unique metabolic landscape promotes tumorigenesis, proliferation, survival in nutrient deficient environments and confers resistance to conventional cytotoxic and targeted therapies. Emerging work demonstrates how these dependencies can be therapeutically exploited in vitro and in vivo with many metabolic inhibitors currently in clinical trials. This review aims to outline the unique metabolic requirements induced by aberrant RAS signaling and how these altered dependencies present opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M DeLiberty
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Ryan Robb
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Claire E Gates
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kirsten L Bryant
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zdżalik-Bielecka D, Poświata A, Kozik K, Jastrzębski K, Schink KO, Brewińska-Olchowik M, Piwocka K, Stenmark H, Miączyńska M. The GAS6-AXL signaling pathway triggers actin remodeling that drives membrane ruffling, macropinocytosis, and cancer-cell invasion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2024596118. [PMID: 34244439 PMCID: PMC8285903 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024596118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AXL, a member of the TAM (TYRO3, AXL, MER) receptor tyrosine kinase family, and its ligand, GAS6, are implicated in oncogenesis and metastasis of many cancer types. However, the exact cellular processes activated by GAS6-AXL remain largely unexplored. Here, we identified an interactome of AXL and revealed its associations with proteins regulating actin dynamics. Consistently, GAS6-mediated AXL activation triggered actin remodeling manifested by peripheral membrane ruffling and circular dorsal ruffles (CDRs). This further promoted macropinocytosis that mediated the internalization of GAS6-AXL complexes and sustained survival of glioblastoma cells grown under glutamine-deprived conditions. GAS6-induced CDRs contributed to focal adhesion turnover, cell spreading, and elongation. Consequently, AXL activation by GAS6 drove invasion of cancer cells in a spheroid model. All these processes required the kinase activity of AXL, but not TYRO3, and downstream activation of PI3K and RAC1. We propose that GAS6-AXL signaling induces multiple actin-driven cytoskeletal rearrangements that contribute to cancer-cell invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Zdżalik-Bielecka
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Agata Poświata
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamila Kozik
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Jastrzębski
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kay Oliver Schink
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Katarzyna Piwocka
- Laboratory of Cytometry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Harald Stenmark
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marta Miączyńska
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ritter M, Bresgen N, Kerschbaum HH. From Pinocytosis to Methuosis-Fluid Consumption as a Risk Factor for Cell Death. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:651982. [PMID: 34249909 PMCID: PMC8261248 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.651982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The volumes of a cell [cell volume (CV)] and its organelles are adjusted by osmoregulatory processes. During pinocytosis, extracellular fluid volume equivalent to its CV is incorporated within an hour and membrane area equivalent to the cell's surface within 30 min. Since neither fluid uptake nor membrane consumption leads to swelling or shrinkage, cells must be equipped with potent volume regulatory mechanisms. Normally, cells respond to outwardly or inwardly directed osmotic gradients by a volume decrease and increase, respectively, i.e., they shrink or swell but then try to recover their CV. However, when a cell death (CD) pathway is triggered, CV persistently decreases in isotonic conditions in apoptosis and it increases in necrosis. One type of CD associated with cell swelling is due to a dysfunctional pinocytosis. Methuosis, a non-apoptotic CD phenotype, occurs when cells accumulate too much fluid by macropinocytosis. In contrast to functional pinocytosis, in methuosis, macropinosomes neither recycle nor fuse with lysosomes but with each other to form giant vacuoles, which finally cause rupture of the plasma membrane (PM). Understanding methuosis longs for the understanding of the ionic mechanisms of cell volume regulation (CVR) and vesicular volume regulation (VVR). In nascent macropinosomes, ion channels and transporters are derived from the PM. Along trafficking from the PM to the perinuclear area, the equipment of channels and transporters of the vesicle membrane changes by retrieval, addition, and recycling from and back to the PM, causing profound changes in vesicular ion concentrations, acidification, and-most importantly-shrinkage of the macropinosome, which is indispensable for its proper targeting and cargo processing. In this review, we discuss ion and water transport mechanisms with respect to CVR and VVR and with special emphasis on pinocytosis and methuosis. We describe various aspects of the complex mutual interplay between extracellular and intracellular ions and ion gradients, the PM and vesicular membrane, phosphoinositides, monomeric G proteins and their targets, as well as the submembranous cytoskeleton. Our aim is to highlight important cellular mechanisms, components, and processes that may lead to methuotic CD upon their derangement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Ritter
- Center for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
- Gastein Research Institute, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis und Rehabilitation, Salzburg, Austria
- Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Nikolaus Bresgen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Seguin L, Odouard S, Corlazzoli F, Haddad SA, Moindrot L, Calvo Tardón M, Yebra M, Koval A, Marinari E, Bes V, Guérin A, Allard M, Ilmjärv S, Katanaev VL, Walker PR, Krause KH, Dutoit V, Sarkaria JN, Dietrich PY, Cosset É. Macropinocytosis requires Gal-3 in a subset of patient-derived glioblastoma stem cells. Commun Biol 2021; 4:718. [PMID: 34112916 PMCID: PMC8192788 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02258-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we involved the carbohydrate-binding protein Galectin-3 (Gal-3) as a druggable target for KRAS-mutant-addicted lung and pancreatic cancers. Here, using glioblastoma patient-derived stem cells (GSCs), we identify and characterize a subset of Gal-3high glioblastoma (GBM) tumors mainly within the mesenchymal subtype that are addicted to Gal-3-mediated macropinocytosis. Using both genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of Gal-3, we showed a significant decrease of GSC macropinocytosis activity, cell survival and invasion, in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that Gal-3 binds to RAB10, a member of the RAS superfamily of small GTPases, and β1 integrin, which are both required for macropinocytosis activity and cell survival. Finally, by defining a Gal-3/macropinocytosis molecular signature, we could predict sensitivity to this dependency pathway and provide proof-of-principle for innovative therapeutic strategies to exploit this Achilles' heel for a significant and unique subset of GBM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Seguin
- University Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7284, INSERM U1081, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging (IRCAN), Nice, France
| | - Soline Odouard
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Oncology, Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL), Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Corlazzoli
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Oncology, Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL), Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Al Haddad
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Oncology, Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL), Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laurine Moindrot
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Oncology, Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL), Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marta Calvo Tardón
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of brain tumors, Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Geneva University Hospitals, and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mayra Yebra
- Department of Surgery, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexey Koval
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eliana Marinari
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Oncology, Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL), Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Viviane Bes
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of brain tumors, Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Geneva University Hospitals, and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Guérin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Geneva, Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mathilde Allard
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Oncology, Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL), Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sten Ilmjärv
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Geneva, Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir L Katanaev
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul R Walker
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of brain tumors, Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Geneva University Hospitals, and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Geneva, Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Dutoit
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Oncology, Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL), Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Pierre-Yves Dietrich
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Oncology, Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL), Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Érika Cosset
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Oncology, Center for Translational Research in Onco-Hematology, Swiss Cancer Center Léman (SCCL), Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Maxson ME, Sarantis H, Volchuk A, Brumell JH, Grinstein S. Rab5 regulates macropinocytosis by recruiting the inositol 5-phosphatases OCRL and Inpp5b that hydrolyse PtdIns(4,5)P2. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:237783. [PMID: 33722976 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.252411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rab5 is required for macropinosome formation, but its site and mode of action remain unknown. We report that Rab5 acts at the plasma membrane, downstream of ruffling, to promote macropinosome sealing and scission. Dominant-negative Rab5, which obliterates macropinocytosis, had no effect on the development of membrane ruffles. However, Rab5-containing vesicles were recruited to circular membrane ruffles, and soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE)-dependent endomembrane fusion was necessary for the completion of macropinocytosis. This fusion event coincided with the disappearance of PtdIns(4,5)P2 that accompanies macropinosome closure. Counteracting the depletion of PtdIns(4,5)P2 by expression of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase impaired macropinosome formation. Importantly, we found that the removal of PtdIns(4,5)P2 is dependent on Rab5, through the Rab5-mediated recruitment of the inositol 5-phosphatases OCRL and Inpp5b, via APPL1. Knockdown of OCRL and Inpp5b, or APPL1, prevented macropinosome closure without affecting ruffling. We therefore propose that Rab5 is essential for the clearance of PtdIns(4,5)P2 needed to complete the scission of macropinosomes or to prevent their back-fusion with the plasmalemma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E Maxson
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Helen Sarantis
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Allen Volchuk
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - John H Brumell
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,SickKids IBD Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Leyden F, Uthishtran S, Moorthi UK, York HM, Patil A, Gandhi H, Petrov EP, Bornschlögl T, Arumugam S. Rac1 activation can generate untemplated, lamellar membrane ruffles. BMC Biol 2021; 19:72. [PMID: 33849538 PMCID: PMC8042924 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-00997-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Membrane protrusions that occur on the dorsal surface of a cell are an excellent experimental system to study actin machinery at work in a living cell. Small GTPase Rac1 controls the membrane protrusions that form and encapsulate extracellular volumes to perform pinocytic or phagocytic functions. RESULTS Here, capitalizing on rapid volumetric imaging capabilities of lattice light-sheet microscopy (LLSM), we describe optogenetic approaches using photoactivable Rac1 (PA-Rac1) for controlled ruffle generation. We demonstrate that PA-Rac1 activation needs to be continuous, suggesting a threshold local concentration for sustained actin polymerization leading to ruffling. We show that Rac1 activation leads to actin assembly at the dorsal surface of the cell membrane that result in sheet-like protrusion formation without any requirement of a template. Further, this approach can be used to study the complex morpho-dynamics of the protrusions or to investigate specific proteins that may be enriched in the ruffles. Deactivating PA-Rac1 leads to complex contractile processes resulting in formation of macropinosomes. Using multicolour imaging in combination with these approaches, we find that Myo1e specifically is enriched in the ruffles. CONCLUSIONS Combining LLSM and optogenetics enables superior spatial and temporal control for studying such dynamic mechanisms. Demonstrated here, the techniques implemented provide insight into the complex nature of the molecular interplay involved in dynamic actin machinery, revealing that Rac1 activation can generate untemplated, lamellar protrusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Leyden
- Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - S Uthishtran
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - U K Moorthi
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
- European Molecular Biological Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - H M York
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
- European Molecular Biological Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - A Patil
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
- European Molecular Biological Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - H Gandhi
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
- European Molecular Biological Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - E P Petrov
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587, Berlin, Germany
| | - T Bornschlögl
- L'Oréal Research & Innovation, 1 Avenue Eugène Schueller, 93601, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - S Arumugam
- Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- European Molecular Biological Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Organismal roles for the PI3Kα and β isoforms: their specificity, redundancy or cooperation is context-dependent. Biochem J 2021; 478:1199-1225. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PI3Ks are important lipid kinases that produce phosphoinositides phosphorylated in position 3 of the inositol ring. There are three classes of PI3Ks: class I PI3Ks produce PIP3 at plasma membrane level. Although D. melanogaster and C. elegans have only one form of class I PI3K, vertebrates have four class I PI3Ks called isoforms despite being encoded by four different genes. Hence, duplication of these genes coincides with the acquisition of coordinated multi-organ development. Of the class I PI3Ks, PI3Kα and PI3Kβ, encoded by PIK3CA and PIK3CB, are ubiquitously expressed. They present similar putative protein domains and share PI(4,5)P2 lipid substrate specificity. Fifteen years after publication of their first isoform-selective pharmacological inhibitors and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) that mimic their complete and specific pharmacological inhibition, we review the knowledge gathered in relation to the redundant and selective roles of PI3Kα and PI3Kβ. Recent data suggest that, further to their redundancy, they cooperate for the integration of organ-specific and context-specific signal cues, to orchestrate organ development, physiology, and disease. This knowledge reinforces the importance of isoform-selective inhibitors in clinical settings.
Collapse
|
28
|
Song S, Zhang Y, Ding T, Ji N, Zhao H. The Dual Role of Macropinocytosis in Cancers: Promoting Growth and Inducing Methuosis to Participate in Anticancer Therapies as Targets. Front Oncol 2021; 10:570108. [PMID: 33542897 PMCID: PMC7851083 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.570108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Macropinocytosis is an important mechanism of internalizing extracellular materials and dissolved molecules in eukaryotic cells. Macropinocytosis has a dual effect on cancer cells. On the one hand, cells expressing RAS genes (such as K-RAS, H-RAS) under the stress of nutrient deficiency can spontaneously produce constitutive macropinocytosis to promote the growth of cancer cells by internalization of extracellular nutrients (like proteins), receptors, and extracellular vesicles(EVs). On the other hand, abnormal expression of RAS genes and drug treatment (such as MOMIPP) can induce a novel cell death associated with hyperactivated macropinocytosis: methuosis. Based on the dual effect, there is immense potential for designing anticancer therapies that target macropinocytosis in cancer cells. In view of the fact that there has been little review of the dual effect of macropinocytosis in cancer cells, herein, we systematically review the general process of macropinocytosis, its specific manifestation in cancer cells, and its application in cancer treatment, including anticancer drug delivery and destruction of macropinocytosis. This review aims to serve as a reference for studying macropinocytosis in cancers and designing macropinocytosis-targeting anticancer drugs in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaojuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cancer-driving mutations and variants of components of the membrane trafficking core machinery. Life Sci 2020; 264:118662. [PMID: 33127517 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The core machinery for vesicular membrane trafficking broadly comprises of coat proteins, RABs, tethering complexes and SNAREs. As cellular membrane traffic modulates key processes of mitogenic signaling, cell migration, cell death and autophagy, its dysregulation could potentially results in increased cell proliferation and survival, or enhanced migration and invasion. Changes in the levels of some components of the core machinery of vesicular membrane trafficking, likely due to gene amplifications and/or alterations in epigenetic factors (such as DNA methylation and micro RNA) have been extensively associated with human cancers. Here, we provide an overview of association of membrane trafficking with cancer, with a focus on mutations and variants of coat proteins, RABs, tethering complex components and SNAREs that have been uncovered in human cancer cells/tissues. The major cellular and molecular cancer-driving or suppression mechanisms associated with these components of the core membrane trafficking machinery shall be discussed.
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang L, Li C, Zhang X, Yang M, Wei S, Huang Y, Qin Q, Wang S. The Small GTPase Rab5c Exerts Bi-Function in Singapore Grouper Iridovirus Infections and Cellular Responses in the Grouper, Epinephelus coioides. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2133. [PMID: 33013900 PMCID: PMC7495150 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase Rab5 is one of the master regulators of vesicular trafficking that participates in early stages of the endocytic pathway, such as endocytosis and endosome maturation. Three Rab5 isoforms (a, b, and c) share high sequence identity, and exhibit complex functions. However, the role of Rab5c in virus infection and cellular immune responses remains poorly understood. In this study, based on the established virus-cell infection model, Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV)-infected grouper spleen (GS) cells, we investigated the role of Rab5c in virus infection and host immune responses. Rab5c was cloned from the orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides, and termed EcRab5c. EcRab5c encoded a 220-amino-acid polypeptide, showing 99% and 91% identity to Anabas testudineus, and Homo sapiens, respectively. Confocal imaging showed that EcRab5c localized as punctate structures in the cytoplasm. However, a constitutively active (CA) EcRab5c mutant led to enlarged vesicles, while a dominant negative (DN) EcRab5c mutant reduced vesicle structures. EcRab5c expression levels were significantly increased after SGIV infection. EcRab5c knockdown, or CA/DN EcRab5c overexpression significantly inhibited SGIV infection. Using single-particle imaging analysis, we further observed that EcRab5c disruption impaired crucial events at the early stage of SGIV infection, including virus binding, entry, and transport from early to late endosomes, at the single virus level. Furthermore, it is the first time to investigate that EcRab5c is required in autophagy. Equally, EcRab5c positively regulated interferon-related factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines. In summary, these data showed that EcRab5c exerted a bi-functional role on iridovirus infection and host immunity in fish, which furthers our understanding of virus and host immune interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Yang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shina Wei
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youhua Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Shaowen Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Platenkamp A, Detmar E, Sepulveda L, Ritz A, Rogers SL, Applewhite DA. The Drosophila melanogaster Rab GAP RN-tre cross-talks with the Rho1 signaling pathway to regulate nonmuscle myosin II localization and function. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:2379-2397. [PMID: 32816624 PMCID: PMC7851959 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-03-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify novel regulators of nonmuscle myosin II (NMII) we performed an image-based RNA interference screen using stable Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-tagged regulatory light chain (RLC) of NMII and mCherry-Actin. We identified the Rab-specific GTPase-activating protein (GAP) RN-tre as necessary for the assembly of NMII RLC into contractile actin networks. Depletion of RN-tre led to a punctate NMII phenotype, similar to what is observed following depletion of proteins in the Rho1 pathway. Depletion of RN-tre also led to a decrease in active Rho1 and a decrease in phosphomyosin-positive cells by immunostaining, while expression of constitutively active Rho or Rho-kinase (Rok) rescues the punctate phenotype. Functionally, RN-tre depletion led to an increase in actin retrograde flow rate and cellular contractility in S2 and S2R+ cells, respectively. Regulation of NMII by RN-tre is only partially dependent on its GAP activity as overexpression of constitutively active Rabs inactivated by RN-tre failed to alter NMII RLC localization, while a GAP-dead version of RN-tre partially restored phosphomyosin staining. Collectively, our results suggest that RN-tre plays an important regulatory role in NMII RLC distribution, phosphorylation, and function, likely through Rho1 signaling and putatively serving as a link between the secretion machinery and actomyosin contractility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Detmar
- Department of Biology & Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280
| | - Liz Sepulveda
- Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, OR 97202
| | - Anna Ritz
- Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, OR 97202
| | - Stephen L Rogers
- Department of Biology & Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Guadagno NA, Margiotta A, Bjørnestad SA, Haugen LH, Kjos I, Xu X, Hu X, Bakke O, Margadant F, Progida C. Rab18 regulates focal adhesion dynamics by interacting with kinectin-1 at the endoplasmic reticulum. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:151855. [PMID: 32525992 PMCID: PMC7337506 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201809020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The members of the Rab family of small GTPases are molecular switches that regulate distinct steps in different membrane traffic pathways. In addition to this canonical function, Rabs can play a role in other processes, such as cell adhesion and motility. Here, we reveal the role of the small GTPase Rab18 as a positive regulator of directional migration in chemotaxis, and the underlying mechanism. We show that knockdown of Rab18 reduces the size of focal adhesions (FAs) and influences their dynamics. Furthermore, we found that Rab18, by directly interacting with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein kinectin-1, controls the anterograde kinesin-1–dependent transport of the ER required for the maturation of nascent FAs and protrusion orientation toward a chemoattractant. Altogether, our data support a model in which Rab18 regulates kinectin-1 transport toward the cell surface to form ER–FA contacts, thus promoting FA growth and cell migration during chemotaxis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ingrid Kjos
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Xiaochun Xu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xian Hu
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oddmund Bakke
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Felix Margadant
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cinzia Progida
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Trogocytosis is part of an emerging, exciting theme of cell-cell interactions both within and between species, and it is relevant to host-pathogen interactions in many different contexts. Trogocytosis is a process in which one cell physically extracts and ingests "bites" of cellular material from another cell. It was first described in eukaryotic microbes, where it was uncovered as a mechanism by which amoebae kill cells. Trogocytosis is potentially a fundamental form of eukaryotic cell-cell interaction, since it also occurs in multicellular organisms, where it has functions in the immune system, in the central nervous system, and during development. There are numerous scenarios in which trogocytosis occurs and an ever-evolving list of functions associated with this process. Many aspects of trogocytosis are relevant to microbial pathogenesis. It was recently discovered that immune cells perform trogocytosis to kill Trichomonas vaginalis parasites. Additionally, through trogocytosis, Entamoeba histolytica acquires and displays human cell membrane proteins, enabling immune evasion. Intracellular bacteria seem to exploit host cell trogocytosis, since they can use it to spread from cell to cell. Thus, a picture is emerging in which trogocytosis plays critical roles in normal physiology, infection, and disease.
Collapse
|
34
|
Barbera S, Nardi F, Elia I, Realini G, Lugano R, Santucci A, Tosi GM, Dimberg A, Galvagni F, Orlandini M. The small GTPase Rab5c is a key regulator of trafficking of the CD93/Multimerin-2/β1 integrin complex in endothelial cell adhesion and migration. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:55. [PMID: 31138217 PMCID: PMC6537425 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the endothelium, the single-pass membrane protein CD93, through its interaction with the extracellular matrix protein Multimerin-2, activates signaling pathways that are critical for vascular development and angiogenesis. Trafficking of adhesion molecules through endosomal compartments modulates their signaling output. However, the mechanistic basis coordinating CD93 recycling and its implications for endothelial cell (EC) function remain elusive. Methods Human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) and human dermal blood ECs (HDBEC) were used in this study. Fluorescence confocal microscopy was employed to follow CD93 retrieval, recycling, and protein colocalization in spreading cells. To better define CD93 trafficking, drug treatments and transfected chimeric wild type and mutant CD93 proteins were used. The scratch assay was used to evaluate cell migration. Gene silencing strategies, flow citometry, and quantification of migratory capability were used to determine the role of Rab5c during CD93 recycling to the cell surface. Results Here, we identify the recycling pathway of CD93 following EC adhesion and migration. We show that the cytoplasmic domain of CD93, by its interaction with Moesin and F-actin, is instrumental for CD93 retrieval in adhering and migrating cells and that aberrant endosomal trafficking of CD93 prevents its localization at the leading edge of migration. Moreover, the small GTPase Rab5c turns out to be a key component of the molecular machinery that is able to drive CD93 recycling to the EC surface. Finally, in the Rab5c endosomal compartment CD93 forms a complex with Multimerin-2 and active β1 integrin, which is recycled back to the basolaterally-polarized cell surface by clathrin-independent endocytosis. Conclusions Our findings, focusing on the pro-angiogenic receptor CD93, unveil the mechanisms of its polarized trafficking during EC adhesion and migration, opening novel therapeutic opportunities for angiogenic diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-019-0375-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Barbera
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro, 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Federica Nardi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro, 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Ines Elia
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro, 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Realini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro, 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Roberta Lugano
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Annalisa Santucci
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro, 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Tosi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Ophthalmology Unit, University of Siena, Policlinico "Le Scotte", Viale Bracci, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Dimberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Federico Galvagni
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro, 2, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Orlandini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via A. Moro, 2, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
The actin cytoskeleton is important for rotavirus internalization and RNA genome replication. Virus Res 2019; 263:27-33. [PMID: 30639190 PMCID: PMC7173133 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Different stages of the rotavirus lifecycle depend on the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton. Alpha-actinin, Diaph, and the GTPase Cdc42 are important for virus entry. The GTPAse Rac1 is required for maximal viral RNA synthesis.
Numerous host factors are required for the efficient replication of rotavirus, including the activation and inactivation of several cell signaling pathways. One of the cellular structures that are reorganized during rotavirus infection is the actin cytoskeleton. In this work, we report that the dynamics of the actin microfilaments are important at different stages of the virus life cycle, specifically, during virus internalization and viral RNA synthesis at 6 h post-infection. Our results show that the actin-binding proteins alpha-actinin 4 and Diaph, as well as the Rho-family small GTPase Cdc42 are necessary for an efficient virus entry, while GTPase Rac1 is required for maximal viral RNA synthesis.
Collapse
|
36
|
Park N, Park Y, Ramalingam M, Yadav AK, Cho H, Hong VS, More KN, Bae J, Bishop‐Bailey D, Kano J, Noguchi M, Jang I, Lee K, Lee J, Choi J, Jang B. Meridianin C inhibits the growth of YD-10B human tongue cancer cells through macropinocytosis and the down-regulation of Dickkopf-related protein-3. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5833-5846. [PMID: 30246484 PMCID: PMC6237585 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Meridianin C is a marine natural product known for its anti-cancer activity. At present, the anti-tumour effects of meridianin C on oral squamous cell carcinoma are unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of meridianin C on the proliferation of four different human tongue cancer cells, YD-8, YD-10B, YD-38 and HSC-3. Among the cells tested, meridianin C most strongly reduced the growth of YD-10B cells; the most aggressive and tumorigenic of the cell lines tested. Strikingly, meridianin C induced a significant accumulation of macropinosomes in the YD-10B cells; confirmed by the microscopic and TEM analysis as well as the entry of FITC-dextran, which was sensitive to the macropinocytosis inhibitor amiloride. SEM data also revealed abundant long and thin membrane extensions that resemble lamellipodia on the surface of YD-10B cells treated with meridianin C, pointing out that meridianin C-induced macropinosomes was the result of macropinocytosis. In addition, meridianin C reduced cellular levels of Dickkopf-related protein-3 (DKK-3), a known negative regulator of macropinocytosis. A role for DKK-3 in regulating macropinocytosis in the YD-10B cells was confirmed by siRNA knockdown of endogenous DKK-3, which led to a partial accumulation of vacuoles and a reduction in cell proliferation, and by exogenous DKK-3 overexpression, which resulted in a considerable inhibition of the meridianin C-induced vacuole formation and decrease in cell survival. In summary, this is the first study reporting meridianin C has novel anti-proliferative effects via macropinocytosis in the highly tumorigenic YD-10B cell line and the effects are mediated in part through down-regulation of DKK-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nam‐Sook Park
- Department of Molecular MedicineCollege of MedicineKeimyung UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Yu‐Kyoung Park
- Department of Molecular MedicineCollege of MedicineKeimyung UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Mahesh Ramalingam
- Department of Molecular MedicineCollege of MedicineKeimyung UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Anil Kumar Yadav
- Department of Molecular MedicineCollege of MedicineKeimyung UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyo‐Rim Cho
- Department of Molecular MedicineCollege of MedicineKeimyung UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Victor Sukbong Hong
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Natural SciencesKeimyung UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Kunal N. More
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Natural SciencesKeimyung UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Jae‐Hoon Bae
- Department of PhysiologyCollege of MedicineKeimyung UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | | | - Junko Kano
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of PathologyUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Masayuki Noguchi
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of PathologyUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Ik‐Soon Jang
- Biological Disaster Analysis GroupDivision of Convergence BiotechnologyKorea Basic Science InstituteDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Kyung‐Bok Lee
- Biological Disaster Analysis GroupDivision of Convergence BiotechnologyKorea Basic Science InstituteDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Jinho Lee
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and TechnologyChungnam National UniversityDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Jong‐Soon Choi
- Biological Disaster Analysis GroupDivision of Convergence BiotechnologyKorea Basic Science InstituteDaejeonRepublic of Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and TechnologyChungnam National UniversityDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Byeong‐Churl Jang
- Department of Molecular MedicineCollege of MedicineKeimyung UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zobel M, Disanza A, Senic-Matuglia F, Franco M, Colaluca IN, Confalonieri S, Bisi S, Barbieri E, Caldieri G, Sigismund S, Pece S, Chavrier P, Di Fiore PP, Scita G. A NUMB-EFA6B-ARF6 recycling route controls apically restricted cell protrusions and mesenchymal motility. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:3161-3182. [PMID: 30061108 PMCID: PMC6123001 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201802023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocytic protein NUMB has been implicated in the control of various polarized cellular processes, including the acquisition of mesenchymal migratory traits through molecular mechanisms that have only been partially defined. Here, we report that NUMB is a negative regulator of a specialized set of understudied, apically restricted, actin-based protrusions, the circular dorsal ruffles (CDRs), induced by either PDGF or HGF stimulation. Through its PTB domain, NUMB binds directly to an N-terminal NPLF motif of the ARF6 guanine nucleotide exchange factor, EFA6B, and promotes its exchange activity in vitro. In cells, a NUMB-EFA6B-ARF6 axis regulates the recycling of the actin regulatory cargo RAC1 and is critical for the formation of CDRs that mark the acquisition of a mesenchymal mode of motility. Consistently, loss of NUMB promotes HGF-induced cell migration and invasion. Thus, NUMB negatively controls membrane protrusions and the acquisition of mesenchymal migratory traits by modulating EFA6B-ARF6 activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zobel
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Disanza
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Michel Franco
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France
| | | | | | - Sara Bisi
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Barbieri
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giusi Caldieri
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Sigismund
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pece
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Philippe Chavrier
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 144, Membrane and Cytoskeleton Dynamics Team, Paris, France
| | - Pier Paolo Di Fiore
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Scita
- IFOM, the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Condon ND, Heddleston JM, Chew TL, Luo L, McPherson PS, Ioannou MS, Hodgson L, Stow JL, Wall AA. Macropinosome formation by tent pole ruffling in macrophages. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:3873-3885. [PMID: 30150290 PMCID: PMC6219714 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201804137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Condon et al. use lattice light-sheet microscopy to analyze live macrophages and
define a new model of macropinosome formation and closure through tent pole
ruffles. The ruffles, which are enhanced by LPS and regulated by Rab13, are
erected and supported by F-actin tent poles that cross over and twist to
constrict the forming macropinosomes. Pathogen-mediated activation of macrophages arms innate immune responses that
include enhanced surface ruffling and macropinocytosis for environmental
sampling and receptor internalization and signaling. Activation of macrophages
with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) generates prominent dorsal ruffles,
which are precursors for macropinosomes. Very rapid, high-resolution imaging of
live macrophages with lattice light sheet microscopy (LLSM) reveals new features
and actions of dorsal ruffles, which redefine the process of macropinosome
formation and closure. We offer a new model in which ruffles are erected and
supported by F-actin tent poles that cross over and twist to constrict the
forming macropinosomes. This process allows for formation of large
macropinosomes induced by LPS. We further describe the enrichment of active
Rab13 on tent pole ruffles and show that CRISPR deletion of Rab13 results in
aberrant tent pole ruffles and blocks the formation of large LPS-induced
macropinosomes. Based on the exquisite temporal and spatial resolution of LLSM,
we can redefine the ruffling and macropinosome processes that underpin innate
immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Condon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John M Heddleston
- Advanced Imaging Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA
| | - Teng-Leong Chew
- Advanced Imaging Center, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, VA
| | - Lin Luo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter S McPherson
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Maria S Ioannou
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Louis Hodgson
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Jennifer L Stow
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Adam A Wall
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB) and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Redelman-Sidi G, Binyamin A, Gaeta I, Palm W, Thompson CB, Romesser PB, Lowe SW, Bagul M, Doench JG, Root DE, Glickman MS. The Canonical Wnt Pathway Drives Macropinocytosis in Cancer. Cancer Res 2018; 78:4658-4670. [PMID: 29871936 PMCID: PMC6226250 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Macropinocytosis has emerged as an important pathway of protein acquisition in cancer cells, particularly in tumors with activated Ras such as pancreatic and colon cancer. Macropinocytosis is also the route of entry of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and other microbial therapies of cancer. Despite this important role in tumor biology and therapy, the full mechanisms by which cancer cells can activate macropinocytosis remain incompletely defined. Using BCG uptake to assay macropinocytosis, we executed a genome-wide shRNA screen for macropinocytosis activators and identified Wnt pathway activation as a strong driver of macropinocytosis. Wnt-driven macropinocytosis was downstream of the β-catenin-dependent canonical Wnt pathway, was PAK1 dependent, and supported albumin-dependent growth in Ras-WT cells. In cells with activated Ras-dependent macropinocytosis, pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of Wnt signaling suppressed macropinocytosis. In a mouse model of Wnt-driven colonic hyperplasia via APC silencing, Wnt-activated macropinocytosis stimulated uptake of luminal microbiota, a process reversed by topical pharmacologic inhibition of macropinocytosis. Our findings indicate that Wnt pathway activation drives macropinocytosis in cancer, and its inhibition could provide a therapeutic vulnerability in Wnt-driven intestinal polyposis and cancers with Wnt activation.Significance: The Wnt pathway drives macropinocytosis in cancer cells, thereby contributing to cancer growth in nutrient-deficient conditions and, in the context of colon cancer, to the early phases of oncogenesis. Cancer Res; 78(16); 4658-70. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gil Redelman-Sidi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anna Binyamin
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Isabella Gaeta
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wilhelm Palm
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Craig B Thompson
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Paul B Romesser
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Scott W Lowe
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mukta Bagul
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - David E Root
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Michael S Glickman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kjos I, Vestre K, Guadagno NA, Borg Distefano M, Progida C. Rab and Arf proteins at the crossroad between membrane transport and cytoskeleton dynamics. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1397-1409. [PMID: 30021127 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular movement and positioning of organelles and vesicles is mediated by the cytoskeleton and molecular motors. Small GTPases like Rab and Arf proteins are main regulators of intracellular transport by connecting membranes to cytoskeleton motors or adaptors. However, it is becoming clear that interactions between these small GTPases and the cytoskeleton are important not only for the regulation of membrane transport. In this review, we will cover our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the connection between Rab and Arf GTPases and the cytoskeleton, with special emphasis on the double role of these interactions, not only in membrane trafficking but also in membrane and cytoskeleton remodeling. Furthermore, we will highlight the most recent findings about the fine control mechanisms of crosstalk between different members of Rab, Arf, and Rho families of small GTPases in the regulation of cytoskeleton organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Kjos
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Avanzato D, Pupo E, Ducano N, Isella C, Bertalot G, Luise C, Pece S, Bruna A, Rueda OM, Caldas C, Di Fiore PP, Sapino A, Lanzetti L. High USP6NL Levels in Breast Cancer Sustain Chronic AKT Phosphorylation and GLUT1 Stability Fueling Aerobic Glycolysis. Cancer Res 2018; 78:3432-3444. [PMID: 29691252 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
USP6NL, also named RN-tre, is a GTPase-activating protein involved in control of endocytosis and signal transduction. Here we report that USP6NL is overexpressed in breast cancer, mainly of the basal-like/integrative cluster 10 subtype. Increased USP6NL levels were accompanied by gene amplification and were associated with worse prognosis in the METABRIC dataset, retaining prognostic value in multivariable analysis. High levels of USP6NL in breast cancer cells delayed endocytosis and degradation of the EGFR, causing chronic AKT (protein kinase B) activation. In turn, AKT stabilized the glucose transporter GLUT1 at the plasma membrane, increasing aerobic glycolysis. In agreement, elevated USP6NL sensitized breast cancer cells to glucose deprivation, indicating that their glycolytic capacity relies on this protein. Depletion of USP6NL accelerated EGFR/AKT downregulation and GLUT1 degradation, impairing cell proliferation exclusively in breast cancer cells that harbored increased levels of USP6NL. Overall, these findings argue that USP6NL overexpression generates a metabolic rewiring that is essential to foster the glycolytic demand of breast cancer cells and promote their proliferation.Significance: USP6NL overexpression leads to glycolysis addiction of breast cancer cells and presents a point of metabolic vulnerability for therapeutic targeting in a subset of aggressive basal-like breast tumors.Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/13/3432/F1.large.jpg Cancer Res; 78(13); 3432-44. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Avanzato
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Torino, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Emanuela Pupo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Torino, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Nadia Ducano
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudio Isella
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bertalot
- Molecular Medicine Program, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Luise
- Molecular Medicine Program, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pece
- Molecular Medicine Program, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alejandra Bruna
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Oscar M Rueda
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Caldas
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pier Paolo Di Fiore
- Molecular Medicine Program, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- IFOM, The FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Sapino
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino Medical School, Torino, Italy
| | - Letizia Lanzetti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino Medical School, Torino, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
A RAB35-p85/PI3K axis controls oscillatory apical protrusions required for efficient chemotactic migration. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1475. [PMID: 29662076 PMCID: PMC5902610 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03571-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
How cells move chemotactically remains a major unmet challenge in cell biology. Emerging evidence indicates that for interpreting noisy, shallow gradients of soluble cues a system must behave as an excitable process. Here, through an RNAi-based, high-content screening approach, we identify RAB35 as necessary for the formation of growth factors (GFs)-induced waves of circular dorsal ruffles (CDRs), apically restricted actin-rich migratory protrusions. RAB35 is sufficient to induce recurrent and polarized CDRs that travel as propagating waves, thus behaving as an excitable system that can be biased to control cell steering. Consistently, RAB35 is essential for promoting directed chemotactic migration and chemoinvasion of various cells in response to gradients of motogenic GFs. Molecularly, RAB35 does so by directly regulating the activity of p85/PI3K polarity axis. We propose that RAB35 is a molecular determinant for the control of an excitable, oscillatory system that acts as a steering wheel for GF-mediated chemotaxis and chemoinvasion. Circular dorsal ruffles (CDRs) are apical actin enriched structures involved in the interpretation of growth factor gradients during cell migration. Here, the authors find that a RAB35/PI3K axis is necessary and sufficient for the formation and stabilization of polarized CDRs and persistent directional migration.
Collapse
|
43
|
Yoshida S, Pacitto R, Inoki K, Swanson J. Macropinocytosis, mTORC1 and cellular growth control. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1227-1239. [PMID: 29119228 PMCID: PMC5843684 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2710-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The growth and proliferation of metazoan cells are driven by cellular nutrient status and by extracellular growth factors. Growth factor receptors on cell surfaces initiate biochemical signals that increase anabolic metabolism and macropinocytosis, an actin-dependent endocytic process in which relatively large volumes of extracellular solutes and nutrients are internalized and delivered efficiently into lysosomes. Macropinocytosis is prominent in many kinds of cancer cells, and supports the growth of cells transformed by oncogenic K-Ras. Growth factor receptor signaling and the overall metabolic status of the cell are coordinated in the cytoplasm by the mechanistic target-of-rapamycin complex-1 (mTORC1), which positively regulates protein synthesis and negatively regulates molecular salvage pathways such as autophagy. mTORC1 is activated by two distinct Ras-related small GTPases, Rag and Rheb, which associate with lysosomal membranes inside the cell. Rag recruits mTORC1 to the lysosomal surface where Rheb directly binds to and activates mTORC1. Rag is activated by both lysosomal luminal and cytosolic amino acids; Rheb activation requires phosphoinositide 3-kinase, Akt, and the tuberous sclerosis complex-1/2. Signals for activation of Rag and Rheb converge at the lysosomal membrane, and several lines of evidence support the idea that growth factor-dependent endocytosis facilitates amino acid transfer into the lysosome leading to the activation of Rag. This review summarizes evidence that growth factor-stimulated macropinocytosis is essential for amino acid-dependent activation of mTORC1, and that increased solute accumulation by macropinocytosis in transformed cells supports unchecked cell growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sei Yoshida
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5620, USA
| | - Regina Pacitto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5620, USA
| | - Ken Inoki
- Department of Integrative and Molecular Physiology and Internal Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Joel Swanson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5620, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tajiri H, Uruno T, Shirai T, Takaya D, Matsunaga S, Setoyama D, Watanabe M, Kukimoto-Niino M, Oisaki K, Ushijima M, Sanematsu F, Honma T, Terada T, Oki E, Shirasawa S, Maehara Y, Kang D, Côté JF, Yokoyama S, Kanai M, Fukui Y. Targeting Ras-Driven Cancer Cell Survival and Invasion through Selective Inhibition of DOCK1. Cell Rep 2018; 19:969-980. [PMID: 28467910 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic Ras plays a key role in cancer initiation but also contributes to malignant phenotypes by stimulating nutrient uptake and promoting invasive migration. Because these latter cellular responses require Rac-mediated remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton, we hypothesized that molecules involved in Rac activation may be valuable targets for cancer therapy. We report that genetic inactivation of the Rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor DOCK1 ablates both macropinocytosis-dependent nutrient uptake and cellular invasion in Ras-transformed cells. By screening chemical libraries, we have identified 1-(2-(3'-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2-oxoethyl)-5-pyrrolidinylsulfonyl-2(1H)-pyridone (TBOPP) as a selective inhibitor of DOCK1. TBOPP dampened DOCK1-mediated invasion, macropinocytosis, and survival under the condition of glutamine deprivation without impairing the biological functions of the closely related DOCK2 and DOCK5 proteins. Furthermore, TBOPP treatment suppressed cancer metastasis and growth in vivo in mice. Our results demonstrate that selective pharmacological inhibition of DOCK1 could be a therapeutic approach to target cancer cell survival and invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotada Tajiri
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takehito Uruno
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Immunology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shirai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takaya
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shigeki Matsunaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Daiki Setoyama
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mayuki Watanabe
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Immunology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | | | - Kounosuke Oisaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Miho Ushijima
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Sanematsu
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Immunology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Teruki Honma
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takaho Terada
- RIKEN Structural Biology Laboratory, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Eiji Oki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Senji Shirasawa
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Maehara
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Dongchon Kang
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Jean-François Côté
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (Université de Montréal), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | | | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fukui
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Research Center for Advanced Immunology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Farhan MA, Azad AK, Touret N, Murray AG. FGD5 Regulates VEGF Receptor-2 Coupling to PI3 Kinase and Receptor Recycling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:2301-2310. [PMID: 29051140 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor-A) signaling to the endothelial cell (EC) through VEGFR2 (VEGF receptor-2) is the principal cue driving new blood vessel formation. FGD5 (faciogenital dysplasia-5)-a Rho-family guanine nucleotide exchange factor-is selectively expressed in EC. Deficiency of FGD5 is embryonically lethal in mice and perturbs angiogenesis and VEGF signal transduction. However, the mechanism of FGD5 regulation of VEGF signaling is poorly understood. APPROACH AND RESULTS Angiogenic sprouting and EC cytoskeletal remodeling were evaluated in a 3-dimensional in vitro model. We examined the subcellular localization of FGD5 and VEGFR2 in EC by immunofluorescent staining and studied the association by immunoprecipitation. FGD5 deficiency reduced the number of angiogenic sprouts and tip cell filopodia by ≈80% and ≈70%, respectively. These defects were accompanied by downregulation of the expression of tip cell-specific markers. FGD5 inactivation led to a decrease in EC migration and early protrusion (lamellipodia) formation. In resting and VEGF-stimulated EC, FGD5 forms a complex with VEGFR2 and was enriched at the leading edge of the cell and among endosomes. FGD5 loss reduced mTORC2 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex-2)/Akt-dependent cortactin activation downstream of VEGFR2 but did not alter VEGFR2 plasma membrane expression, Y1175 phosphorylation, or endocytosis. However, FGD5 loss decreased endosomal VEGFR2 coupling to phosphoinositide-3 kinase and diverted VEGFR2 to lysosomal degradation. CONCLUSIONS FGD5 regulates VEGFR2 retention in recycling endosomes and coupling to PI3 (phosphoinositide-3) kinase/mTORC2-dependent cytoskeletal remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maikel A Farhan
- From the Department of Pediatrics (M.A.F.), Department of Medicine (A.K.A., A.G.M.), and Department of Biochemistry (N.T.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Abul K Azad
- From the Department of Pediatrics (M.A.F.), Department of Medicine (A.K.A., A.G.M.), and Department of Biochemistry (N.T.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Nicolas Touret
- From the Department of Pediatrics (M.A.F.), Department of Medicine (A.K.A., A.G.M.), and Department of Biochemistry (N.T.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Allan G Murray
- From the Department of Pediatrics (M.A.F.), Department of Medicine (A.K.A., A.G.M.), and Department of Biochemistry (N.T.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wen JWH, Winklbauer R. Ingression-type cell migration drives vegetal endoderm internalisation in the Xenopus gastrula. eLife 2017; 6:e27190. [PMID: 28826499 PMCID: PMC5589415 DOI: 10.7554/elife.27190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During amphibian gastrulation, presumptive endoderm is internalised as part of vegetal rotation, a large-scale movement that encompasses the whole vegetal half of the embryo. It has been considered a gastrulation process unique to amphibians, but we show that at the cell level, endoderm internalisation exhibits characteristics reminiscent of bottle cell formation and ingression, known mechanisms of germ layer internalisation. During ingression proper, cells leave a single-layered epithelium. In vegetal rotation, the process occurs in a multilayered cell mass; we refer to it as ingression-type cell migration. Endoderm cells move by amoeboid shape changes, but in contrast to other instances of amoeboid migration, trailing edge retraction involves ephrinB1-dependent macropinocytosis and trans-endocytosis. Moreover, although cells are separated by wide gaps, they are connected by filiform protrusions, and their migration depends on C-cadherin and the matrix protein fibronectin. Cells move in the same direction but at different velocities, to rearrange by differential migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason WH Wen
- Department of Cell and Systems BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Rudolf Winklbauer
- Department of Cell and Systems BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
APPL1 is a multifunctional endosomal signaling adaptor protein. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:771-779. [PMID: 28620038 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Endosomal adaptor proteins are important regulators of signaling pathways underlying many biological processes. These adaptors can integrate signals from multiple pathways via localization to specific endosomal compartments, as well as through multiple protein-protein interactions. One such adaptor protein that has been implicated in regulating signaling pathways is the adaptor protein containing a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain, and leucine zipper motif 1 (APPL1). APPL1 localizes to a subset of Rab5-positive endosomes through its Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs and PH domains, and it coordinates signaling pathways through its interaction with many signaling receptors and proteins through its PTB domain. This review discusses our current understanding of the role of APPL1 in signaling and trafficking, as well as highlights recent work into the function of APPL1 in cell migration and adhesion.
Collapse
|
48
|
Kalim M, Chen J, Wang S, Lin C, Ullah S, Liang K, Ding Q, Chen S, Zhan J. Intracellular trafficking of new anticancer therapeutics: antibody-drug conjugates. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:2265-2276. [PMID: 28814834 PMCID: PMC5546728 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s135571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) is a milestone in targeted cancer therapy that comprises of monoclonal antibodies chemically linked to cytotoxic drugs. Internalization of ADC takes place via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, caveolae-mediated endocytosis, and pinocytosis. Conjugation strategies, endocytosis and intracellular trafficking optimization, linkers, and drugs chemistry present a great challenge for researchers to eradicate tumor cells successfully. This inventiveness of endocytosis and intracellular trafficking has given considerable momentum recently to develop specific antibodies and ADCs to treat cancer cells. It is significantly advantageous to emphasize the endocytosis and intracellular trafficking pathways efficiently and to design potent engineered conjugates and biological entities to boost efficient therapies enormously for cancer treatment. Current studies illustrate endocytosis and intracellular trafficking of ADC, protein, and linker strategies in unloading and also concisely evaluate practically applicable ADCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kalim
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine
| | - Shenghao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine
| | - Caiyao Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine
| | - Saif Ullah
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine
| | - Keying Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine
| | - Qian Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine
| | - Shuqing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinbiao Zhan
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Han F, Song Q, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang Z. Molecular characterization and immune responses of Rab5 in large yellow croaker ( Larimichthys crocea ). AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
50
|
Atherton P, Lausecker F, Harrison A, Ballestrem C. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound promotes cell motility through vinculin-controlled Rac1 GTPase activity. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:2277-2291. [PMID: 28576970 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.192781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a therapy used clinically to promote healing. Using live-cell imaging we show that LIPUS stimulation, acting through integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesions, rapidly induces Rac1 activation associated with dramatic actin cytoskeleton rearrangements. Our study demonstrates that the mechanosensitive focal adhesion (FA) protein vinculin, and both focal adhesion kinase (FAK, also known as PTK2) and Rab5 (both the Rab5a and Rab5b isoforms) have key roles in regulating these effects. Inhibiting the link of vinculin to the actin-cytoskeleton abolished LIPUS sensing. We show that this vinculin-mediated link was not only critical for Rac1 induction and actin rearrangements, but was also important for the induction of a Rab5-dependent increase in the number of early endosomes. Expression of dominant-negative Rab5, or inhibition of endocytosis with dynasore, also blocked LIPUS-induced Rac1 signalling events. Taken together, our data show that LIPUS is sensed by cell matrix adhesions through vinculin, which in turn modulates a Rab5-Rac1 pathway to control ultrasound-mediated endocytosis and cell motility. Finally, we demonstrate that a similar FAK-Rab5-Rac1 pathway acts to control cell spreading upon fibronectin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Atherton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, USA
| | - Franziska Lausecker
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, USA
| | - Andrew Harrison
- Bioventus Cooperatief, Taurusavenue 31, 2132 LS Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph Ballestrem
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, USA
| |
Collapse
|