1
|
Gao Z, Luan X, Wang X, Han T, Li X, Li Z, Li P, Zhou Z. DNA damage response-related ncRNAs as regulators of therapy resistance in cancer. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1390300. [PMID: 39253383 PMCID: PMC11381396 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1390300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage repair (DDR) pathway is a complex signaling cascade that can sense DNA damage and trigger cellular responses to DNA damage to maintain genome stability and integrity. A typical hallmark of cancer is genomic instability or nonintegrity, which is closely related to the accumulation of DNA damage within cancer cells. The treatment principles of radiotherapy and chemotherapy for cancer are based on their cytotoxic effects on DNA damage, which are accompanied by severe and unnecessary side effects on normal tissues, including dysregulation of the DDR and induced therapeutic tolerance. As a driving factor for oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, noncoding RNA (ncRNA) have been shown to play an important role in cancer cell resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Recently, it has been found that ncRNA can regulate tumor treatment tolerance by altering the DDR induced by radiotherapy or chemotherapy in cancer cells, indicating that ncRNA are potential regulatory factors targeting the DDR to reverse tumor treatment tolerance. This review provides an overview of the basic information and functions of the DDR and ncRNAs in the tolerance or sensitivity of tumors to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. We focused on the impact of ncRNA (mainly microRNA [miRNA], long noncoding RNA [lncRNA], and circular RNA [circRNA]) on cancer treatment by regulating the DDR and the underlying molecular mechanisms of their effects. These findings provide a theoretical basis and new insights for tumor-targeted therapy and the development of novel drugs targeting the DDR or ncRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziru Gao
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinchi Luan
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuezhe Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tianyue Han
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zeyang Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhixia Zhou
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Z, Li A, Lu Y, Han M, Ruan M, Wang C, Zhang X, Zhu C, Shen K, Dong L, Chen X. Association of tumor immune infiltration and prognosis with homologous recombination repair genes mutations in early triple-negative breast cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1407837. [PMID: 39026672 PMCID: PMC11254810 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1407837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the mutation spectrum of homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes and its association with tumor immune infiltration and prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). TNBC patients (434 patients from Ruijin cohort) were evaluated with targeted next-generating sequencing for mutations in HRR genes. The frequencies of mutations were compared with public reference cohorts (320 TNBC patients from METABRIC, 105 from TCGA, and 225 from MSKCC 2018). Associations between mutation status and tumor immune infiltration and prognosis were analyzed. HRR genes mutations were seen in 21.89% patients, with BRCA1/2 mutations significantly enriched in tumors with breast/ovarian cancer family history (P = 0.025) and high Ki-67 levels (P = 0.018). HRR genes mutations were not related with recurrence-free survival (RFS) (adjusted P = 0.070) and overall survival (OS) (adjusted P = 0.318) for TNBC patients, regardless of carboplatin treatment (P > 0.05). Moreover, tumor immune infiltration and PD-L1 expression was positively associated with HRR or BRCA1/2 mutation (all P < 0.001). Patients with both HRR mutation and high CD8+ T cell counts had the best RFS and OS, whereas patients with no HRR mutation and low CD8+ T cell counts had the worst outcomes (RFS P < 0.001, OS P = 0.019). High frequency of HRR gene mutations was found in early TNBC, with no prognostic significance. Immune infiltration and PD-L1 expression was positively associated with HRR mutation, and both HRR mutation and high CD8+ T cell infiltration levels were associated with superior disease outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Anqi Li
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujie Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyuan Han
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Ruan
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaofu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Department of Translational Oncology, Amoy Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - Changbin Zhu
- Department of Translational Oncology, Amoy Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China
| | - Kunwei Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaosong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Galletti G, Halima A, Gjyrezi A, Zhang J, Zimmerman B, Worroll D, Kallergi G, Barreja R, Ocean A, Saxena A, McGraw TE, Nanus DM, Elemento O, Altorki NK, Tagawa ST, Giannakakou P. Transferrin receptor-based circulating tumor cell enrichment provides a snapshot of the molecular landscape of solid tumors and correlates with clinical outcomes. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.06.16.24309003. [PMID: 38947080 PMCID: PMC11213041 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.16.24309003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) captured from the bloodstream of patients with solid tumors have the potential to accelerate precision oncology by providing insight into tumor biology, disease progression and response to treatment. However, their potential is hampered by the lack of standardized CTC enrichment platforms across tumor types. EpCAM-based CTC enrichment, the most commonly used platform, is limited by EpCAM downregulation during metastasis and the low EpCAM expression in certain tumor types, including the highly prevalent and lethal NSCLC. In this study we demonstrate that Transferrin Receptor (TfR) is a selective, efficient biomarker for CTC identification and capture in patients with prostate, pancreatic and NSCLC. TfR identifies significantly higher CTC counts than EpCAM, and TfR + -CTC enumeration correlates with disease progression in metastatic prostate and pancreatic cancers, and overall survival and osimetrinib-resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Profiling of TfR + -CTCs provides a snapshot of the molecular landscape of each respective tumor type and identifies potential mechanisms underlying treatment response to EGFR TKi and immune checkpoint inhibitors in NSCLC. One sentence summary Transferrin Receptor identifies circulating tumor cells in solid tumors.
Collapse
|
4
|
Choi Y, Seok SH, Yoon HY, Ryu JH, Kwon IC. Advancing cancer immunotherapy through siRNA-based gene silencing for immune checkpoint blockade. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 209:115306. [PMID: 38626859 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy represents a revolutionary strategy, leveraging the patient's immune system to inhibit tumor growth and alleviate the immunosuppressive effects of the tumor microenvironment (TME). The recent emergence of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies, particularly following the first approval of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors like ipilimumab, has led to significant growth in cancer immunotherapy. The extensive explorations on diverse immune checkpoint antibodies have broadened the therapeutic scope for various malignancies. However, the clinical response to these antibody-based ICB therapies remains limited, with less than 15% responsiveness and notable adverse effects in some patients. This review introduces the emerging strategies to overcome current limitations of antibody-based ICB therapies, mainly focusing on the development of small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA)-based ICB therapies and innovative delivery systems. We firstly highlight the diverse target immune checkpoint genes for siRNA-based ICB therapies, incorporating silencing of multiple genes to boost anti-tumor immune responses. Subsequently, we discuss improvements in siRNA delivery systems, enhanced by various nanocarriers, aimed at overcoming siRNA's clinical challenges such as vulnerability to enzymatic degradation, inadequate pharmacokinetics, and possible unintended target interactions. Additionally, the review presents various combination therapies that integrate chemotherapy, phototherapy, stimulatory checkpoints, ICB antibodies, and cancer vaccines. The important point is that when used in combination with siRNA-based ICB therapy, the synergistic effect of traditional therapies is strengthened, improving host immune surveillance and therapeutic outcomes. Conclusively, we discuss the insights into innovative and effective cancer immunotherapeutic strategies based on RNA interference (RNAi) technology utilizing siRNA and nanocarriers as a novel approach in ICB cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youngjin Choi
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Seok
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Yeol Yoon
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science &Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hee Ryu
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ick Chan Kwon
- Medicinal Materials Research Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sampaio LR, Viana MDA, de Oliveira VS, Ferreira BV, Melo MML, de Oliveira RTG, Borges DDP, Magalhãesa SMM, Pinheiro RF. High PD-L1 expression is associated with unfavorable clinical features in myelodysplastic neoplasms. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2024; 46:146-152. [PMID: 37543491 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immune checkpoints are regulators of the immune system response that allow self-tolerance. Molecules such as Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1) and its Ligand (PD-L1) participate in the immune checkpoint by signaling co-inhibition of lymphocyte responses. In cancers, PD-L1 expression is associated with the immune evasion mechanism, which favors tumor growth. The use of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 drugs is already well described in solid tumors, but still not fully understood in hematologic malignancies. Myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDSs) are heterogeneous bone marrow disorders with an increased risk of progression to Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). The MDS affects hematopoietic stem cells and its pathogenesis is linked to genetic and epigenetic defects, in addition to immune dysregulation. The influence of the PD-L1 on the MDS remains unknown. METHODS In this study, we evaluated the mRNA expression of the PD-L1 in 53 patients with MDS, classified according to the WHO 2016 Classification. RESULTS Patients with dyserythropoiesis presented significantly higher PD-L1 expression than patients without dyserythropoiesis (p= 0.050). Patients classified as having MDS with an excess of blasts 2 (MDS-EB2) presented a significant upregulation in the mRNA expression of the PD-L1 compared to the MDS with an excess of blasts 1 (MDS-EB1) (p= 0.050). Furthermore, we detected three patients with very high levels of PD-L1 expression, being statistically classified as outliers. CONCLUSION We suggested that the high expression of the PD-L1 is associated with a worse prognosis in the MDS and functional studies are necessary to evaluate the possible use of anti-PD-L1 therapies for high-risk MDS, such as the MDS-EBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Rodrigues Sampaio
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Mateus de Aguiar Viana
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Silva de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Bruna Vitoriano Ferreira
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Mayara Magna Lima Melo
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Roberta Taiane Germano de Oliveira
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Paula Borges
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Silvia Maria Meira Magalhãesa
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ronald F Pinheiro
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Medicamentos (NPDM), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang W, Yong J, Marciano P, O’Hare Doig R, Mao G, Clark J. The Translation of Nanomedicines in the Contexts of Spinal Cord Injury and Repair. Cells 2024; 13:569. [PMID: 38607008 PMCID: PMC11011097 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THIS REVIEW Manipulating or re-engineering the damaged human spinal cord to achieve neuro-recovery is one of the foremost challenges of modern science. Addressing the restricted permission of neural cells and topographically organised neural tissue for self-renewal and spontaneous regeneration, respectively, is not straightforward, as exemplified by rare instances of translational success. This review assembles an understanding of advances in nanomedicine for spinal cord injury (SCI) and related clinical indications of relevance to attempts to design, engineer, and target nanotechnologies to multiple molecular networks. RECENT FINDINGS Recent research provides a new understanding of the health benefits and regulatory landscape of nanomedicines based on a background of advances in mRNA-based nanocarrier vaccines and quantum dot-based optical imaging. In relation to spinal cord pathology, the extant literature details promising advances in nanoneuropharmacology and regenerative medicine that inform the present understanding of the nanoparticle (NP) biocompatibility-neurotoxicity relationship. In this review, the conceptual bases of nanotechnology and nanomaterial chemistry covering organic and inorganic particles of sizes generally less than 100 nm in diameter will be addressed. Regarding the centrally active nanotechnologies selected for this review, attention is paid to NP physico-chemistry, functionalisation, delivery, biocompatibility, biodistribution, toxicology, and key molecular targets and biological effects intrinsic to and beyond the spinal cord parenchyma. SUMMARY The advance of nanotechnologies for the treatment of refractory spinal cord pathologies requires an in-depth understanding of neurobiological and topographical principles and a consideration of additional complexities involving the research's translational and regulatory landscapes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (W.W.); (J.Y.); (G.M.)
| | - Joel Yong
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (W.W.); (J.Y.); (G.M.)
| | - Paul Marciano
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (P.M.); (R.O.D.)
- Neil Sachse Centre for Spinal Cord Research, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Ryan O’Hare Doig
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (P.M.); (R.O.D.)
- Neil Sachse Centre for Spinal Cord Research, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Guangzhao Mao
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (W.W.); (J.Y.); (G.M.)
| | - Jillian Clark
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (P.M.); (R.O.D.)
- Neil Sachse Centre for Spinal Cord Research, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ebrahimi N, Abdulwahid AHRR, Mansouri A, Karimi N, Bostani RJ, Beiranvand S, Adelian S, Khorram R, Vafadar R, Hamblin MR, Aref AR. Targeting the NF-κB pathway as a potential regulator of immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:106. [PMID: 38418707 PMCID: PMC10902086 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Advances in cancer immunotherapy over the last decade have led to the development of several agents that affect immune checkpoints. Inhibitory receptors expressed on T cells that negatively regulate the immune response include cytotoxic T‑lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), which have been studied more than similar receptors. Inhibition of these proteins and other immune checkpoints can stimulate the immune system to attack cancer cells, and prevent the tumor from escaping the immune response. However, the administration of anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 antibodies has been associated with adverse inflammatory responses similar to autoimmune diseases. The current review discussed the role of the NF-κB pathway as a tumor promoter, and how it can govern inflammatory responses and affect various immune checkpoints. More precise knowledge about the communication between immune checkpoints and NF-κB pathways could increase the effectiveness of immunotherapy and reduce the adverse effects of checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Ebrahimi
- Genetics Division, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Atena Mansouri
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Karimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Islamic Azad University Damghan Branch, Damghan, Iran
| | | | - Sheida Beiranvand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Samaneh Adelian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Roya Khorram
- Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Vafadar
- Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Xsphera Biosciences, Translational Medicine Group, 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA, 02210, USA.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
He S, Wang L, Wu D, Tong F, Zhao H, Li H, Gong T, Gao H, Zhou Y. Dual-responsive supramolecular photodynamic nanomedicine with activatable immunomodulation for enhanced antitumor therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:765-780. [PMID: 38322349 PMCID: PMC10840428 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
A major challenge facing photodynamic therapy (PDT) is that the activity of the immune-induced infiltrating CD8+ T cells is subject to the regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs), leaving the tumor at risk of recurrence and metastasis after the initial ablation. To augment the antitumor response and reprogram the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), a supramolecular photodynamic nanoparticle (DACss) is constructed by the host-guest interaction between demethylcantharidin-conjugated β-cyclodextrin (DMC-CD) and amantadine-terminated disulfide-conjugated FFVLGGGC peptide with chlorin e6 decoration (Ad-ss-pep-Ce6) to achieve intelligent delivery of photosensitizer and immunomodulator for breast cancer treatment. The acid-labile β-carboxamide bond of DMC-CD is hydrolyzed in response to the acidic TME, resulting in the localized release of DMC and subsequent inhibition of Tregs. The guest molecule Ad-ss-pep-Ce6 can be cleaved by a high level of intracellular GSH, reducing photosensitizer toxicity and increasing photosensitizer retention in the tumor. With a significant increase in the CTL/Treg ratio, the combination of Ce6-based PDT and DMC-mediated immunomodulation adequately achieved spatiotemporal regulation and remodeling of the TME, as well as improved primary tumor and in situ lung metastasis suppression with the aid of PD-1 antibody.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqin He
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570200, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570200, China
| | - Dongxu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fan Tong
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Revvity Inc., Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Hanmei Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570200, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Verma N, Renauer PA, Dong C, Xin S, Lin Q, Zhang F, Glazer PM, Chen S. Genome scale CRISPR screens identify actin capping proteins as key modulators of therapeutic responses to radiation and immunotherapy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.14.575614. [PMID: 38293095 PMCID: PMC10827061 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.14.575614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT), is a fundamental treatment for malignant tumors and is used in over half of cancer patients. As radiation can promote anti-tumor immune effects, a promising therapeutic strategy is to combine radiation with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, the genetic determinants that impact therapeutic response in the context of combination therapy with radiation and ICI have not been systematically investigated. To unbiasedly identify the tumor intrinsic genetic factors governing such responses, we perform a set of genome-scale CRISPR screens in melanoma cells for cancer survival in response to low-dose genotoxic radiation treatment, in the context of CD8 T cell co-culture and with anti-PD1 checkpoint blockade antibody. Two actin capping proteins, Capza3 and Capg, emerge as top hits that upon inactivation promote the survival of melanoma cells in such settings. Capza3 and Capg knockouts (KOs) in mouse and human cancer cells display persistent DNA damage due to impaired homology directed repair (HDR); along with increased radiation, chemotherapy, and DNA repair inhibitor sensitivity. However, when cancer cells with these genes inactivated were exposed to sublethal radiation, inactivation of such actin capping protein promotes activation of the STING pathway, induction of inhibitory CEACAM1 ligand expression and resistance to CD8 T cell killing. Patient cancer genomics analysis reveals an increased mutational burden in patients with inactivating mutations in CAPG and/or CAPZA3, at levels comparable to other HDR associated genes. There is also a positive correlation between CAPG expression and activation of immune related pathways and CD8 T cell tumor infiltration. Our results unveil the critical roles of actin binding proteins for efficient HDR within cancer cells and demonstrate a previously unrecognized regulatory mechanism of therapeutic response to radiation and immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nipun Verma
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Paul A. Renauer
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Chuanpeng Dong
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shan Xin
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Qianqian Lin
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Peter M. Glazer
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sidi Chen
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- System Biology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Immunobiology Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Molecular Cell Biology, Genetics, and Development Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Center for Biomedical Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhou Z, Wang H, Li J, Jiang X, Li Z, Shen J. Recent progress, perspectives, and issues of engineered PD-L1 regulation nano-system to better cure tumor: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127911. [PMID: 37939766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Currently, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies that target the programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) have been used as revolutionary cancer treatments in the clinic. Apart from restoring the antitumor response of cytotoxic T cells by blocking the interaction between PD-L1 on tumor cells and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) on T cells, PD-L1 proteins were also newly revealed to possess the capacity to accelerate DNA damage repair (DDR) and enhance tumor growth through multiple mechanisms, leading to the impaired efficacy of tumor therapies. Nevertheless, current free anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy still suffered from poor therapeutic outcomes in most solid tumors due to the non-selective tumor accumulation, ineludible severe cytotoxic effects, as well as the common occurrence of immune resistance. Recently, nanoparticles with efficient tumor-targeting capacity, tumor-responsive prosperity, and versatility for combination therapy were identified as new avenues for PD-L1 targeting cancer immunotherapies. In this review, we first summarized the multiple functions of PD-L1 protein in promoting tumor growth, accelerating DDR, as well as depressing immunotherapy efficacy. Following this, the effects and mechanisms of current clinically widespread tumor therapies on tumor PD-L1 expression were discussed. Then, we reviewed the recent advances in nanoparticles for anti-PD-L1 therapy via using PD-L1 antibodies, small interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA (miRNA), clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), peptide, and small molecular drugs. At last, we discussed the challenges and perspectives to promote the clinical application of nanoparticles-based PD-L1-targeting therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaigang Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Haoxiang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhangping Li
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, China.
| | - Jianliang Shen
- National Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China; Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhou Y, Mouw KW. DNA repair deficiency and the immune microenvironment: A pathways perspective. DNA Repair (Amst) 2024; 133:103594. [PMID: 37980867 PMCID: PMC10841828 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Timely and accurate repair of DNA damage is required for genomic stability, but DNA repair pathways are often lost or altered in tumors. In addition to directly impacting tumor cell response to DNA damage, DNA repair deficiency can also alter the immune microenvironment via changes in innate and adaptive immune signaling. In some settings, these changes can lead to increased sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). In this review, we discuss the impact of specific DNA repair pathway dysfunction on immune contexture and ICI response in solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kent W Mouw
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Uchihara Y, Shibata A. Regulation of DNA damage-induced HLA class I presentation. DNA Repair (Amst) 2023; 132:103590. [PMID: 37944422 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are cancer therapies that restore anti-tumor immunity; however, only a small percentage of patients have been completely cured by ICI alone. Multiple approaches in combination with other modalities have been used to improve the efficacy of ICI therapy. Among conventional cancer treatments, radiotherapy or DNA damage-based chemotherapy is a promising candidate as a partner of ICI because DNA damage signaling potentially stimulates immune activities turning the tumor's immune environment into hot tumors. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I), which are immune ligands, regulate the balance of anti-tumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment. PD-L1 functions as a brake to suppress cytotoxic T cell activity, whereas HLA-I is an immune accelerator that promotes the downstream of the T cell signaling. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that DNA damage enhances the presentation of HLA-I on the surface of damaged cells. However, it is unclear how signal transduction in DNA-damaged cells upregulates the presentation of HLA-I with antigens. Our recent study uncovered the mechanism underlying DNA damage-induced HLA-I presentation, which requires polypeptide synthesis through a pioneer round of translation. In this review, we summarize the latest overview of how DNA damage stimulates antigen production presented by HLA-I.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Uchihara
- Division of Molecular Oncological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shibata
- Division of Molecular Oncological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Classen S, Petersen C, Borgmann K. Crosstalk between immune checkpoint and DNA damage response inhibitors for radiosensitization of tumors. Strahlenther Onkol 2023; 199:1152-1163. [PMID: 37420037 PMCID: PMC10674014 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-023-02103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review article is intended to provide a perspective overview of potential strategies to overcome radiation resistance of tumors through the combined use of immune checkpoint and DNA repair inhibitors. METHODS A literature search was conducted in PubMed using the terms ("DNA repair* and DNA damage response* and intracellular immune response* and immune checkpoint inhibition* and radio*") until January 31, 2023. Articles were manually selected based on their relevance to the topics analyzed. RESULTS Modern radiotherapy offers a wide range of options for tumor treatment. Radiation-resistant subpopulations of the tumor pose a particular challenge for complete cure. This is due to the enhanced activation of molecular defense mechanisms that prevent cell death because of DNA damage. Novel approaches to enhance tumor cure are provided by immune checkpoint inhibitors, but their effectiveness, especially in tumors without increased mutational burden, also remains limited. Combining inhibitors of both immune checkpoints and DNA damage response with radiation may be an attractive option to augment existing therapies and is the subject of the data summarized here. CONCLUSION The combination of tested inhibitors of DNA damage and immune responses in preclinical models opens additional attractive options for the radiosensitization of tumors and represents a promising application for future therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Classen
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cordula Petersen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Borgmann
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fang Y, Chen S, Zhang M, Lin X, Jin X, Zhang M, Liu Y, Wang Y, Shi K. A Trojan Horse Delivery Vehicle Carrying siRNA Nanotherapeutics with Multiple Tumor Microenvironment Responsiveness Elicits Robust Antitumor Immune Responses In Situ via a "Self-Synergistic" Approach. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301401. [PMID: 37537715 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The potential of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in the treatment of malignant tumors has attracted increasing attention due to their inherent advantages. However, their therapeutic performance strongly depends on the efficiency of their cytoplasmic delivery in vivo by the delivery vehicle with good cellular permeability and histocompatibility. Herein, a polycationic carrier camouflaged with macrophage membrane (MPM) is constructed biomimetically, which is condensed from endogenous spermine monomers through diselenide bonds. The developed Trojan horse delivery vehicle has desirable compression efficacy for siRNA oligo against PD-L1 (siPDL1) as well as intracytoplasmic release properties derived from its sequential degradation triggered by redox microenvironment in tumor cells. Furthermore, the coloading of photosensitizer can mediate photodynamic therapy (PDT) accompanied by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon light irradiation applied, which accelerated the degradation of the carrier as well as the release of cargoes while enhancing the PD-L1 blockage-mediated immunotherapy by inducing in-situ immunogenic cell death. Moreover, the synchronously delivered siPDL1 attenuated the ROS-induced increase in immunosuppressive PD-L1 expression, thereby effectively eliciting a robust antitumor immune response with a "self-synergistic" manner in the xenograft breast cancer mouse model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, 200025, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Mingyi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Xuechao Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Yunmeng Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Kai Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li L, Zhang M, Li J, Liu T, Bao Q, Li X, Long J, Fu L, Zhang Z, Huang S, Liu Z, Zhang L. Cholesterol removal improves performance of a model biomimetic system to co-deliver a photothermal agent and a STING agonist for cancer immunotherapy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5111. [PMID: 37607938 PMCID: PMC10444796 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40814-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological membranes often play important functional roles in biomimetic drug delivery systems. We discover that the circulation time and targeting capability of biological membrane coated nanovehicles can be significantly improved by reducing cholesterol level in the coating membrane. A proof-of-concept system using cholesterol-reduced and PD-1-overexpressed T cell membrane to deliver a photothermal agent and a STING agonist is thus fabricated. Comparing with normal membrane, this engineered membrane increases tumor accumulation by ~2-fold. In a melanoma model in male mice, tumors are eliminated with no recurrence in >80% mice after intravenous injection and laser irradiation; while in a colon cancer model in male mice, ~40% mice are cured without laser irradiation. Data suggest that the engineered membranes escape immune surveillance to avoid blood clearance while keeping functional surface molecules exposed. In summary, we develop a simple, effective, safe and widely-applicable biological membrane modification strategy. This "subtractive" strategy displays some advantages and is worth further development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mengxing Zhang
- Med-X center for Materials, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Med-X center for Materials, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Qixue Bao
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xi Li
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiaying Long
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Leyao Fu
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Shiqi Huang
- Med-X center for Materials, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhenmi Liu
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Systems Epidemiology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Med-X center for Materials, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Li Y, Wang X, Hou X, Ma X. Could Inhibiting the DNA Damage Repair Checkpoint Rescue Immune-Checkpoint-Inhibitor-Resistant Endometrial Cancer? J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12083014. [PMID: 37109350 PMCID: PMC10144486 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12083014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is increasingly undermining female health worldwide, with poor survival rates for advanced or recurrent/metastatic diseases. The application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has opened a window of opportunity for patients with first-line therapy failure. However, there is a subset of patients with endometrial cancer who remain insensitive to immunotherapy alone. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new therapeutic agents and further explore reliable combinational strategies to optimize the efficacy of immunotherapy. DNA damage repair (DDR) inhibitors as novel targeted drugs are able to generate genomic toxicity and induce cell death in solid tumors, including EC. Recently, growing evidence has demonstrated the DDR pathway modulates innate and adaptive immunity in tumors. In this review, we concentrate on the exploration of the intrinsic correlation between DDR pathways, especially the ATM-CHK2-P53 pathway and the ATR-CHK1-WEE1 pathway, and oncologic immune response, as well as the feasibility of adding DDR inhibitors to ICIs for the treatment of patients with advanced or recurrent/metastatic EC. We hope that this review will offer some beneficial references to the investigation of immunotherapy and provide a reasonable basis for "double-checkpoint inhibition" in EC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xin Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiangyi Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang X, Yi C, Zhang L, Zhu X, He Y, Lu H, Li Y, Tang Y, Zhao W, Chen G, Wang C, Huang S, Ouyang G, Yu D. Size-optimized nuclear-targeting phototherapy enhances the type I interferon response for "cold" tumor immunotherapy. Acta Biomater 2023; 159:338-352. [PMID: 36669551 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the effect of innate immune silencing in "cold" tumors, which always fail in the immune checkpoint blockade monotherapy using PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies (aPD-L1). Combination of aPD-L1 with photodynamic therapy, i.e., photoimmunotherapy, is a promising strategy to improve the mono immunotherapy. Nuclear-targeting nanoparticles could elicit a type I interferon (IFN)-mediated innate immune response and reverse the immunosuppressive microenvironment for long-term immunotherapy of "cold" tumors. Photosensitizers such as zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) have limited ability to target the nucleus and activate innate sensing pathways to minimize tumor recurrence. Additionally, the relationship between nanoparticle size and nuclear entry capacity remains unclear. Herein, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were employed as aPD-L1 and ZnPc carriers. Three particle sizes (200 nm, 32 nm and 5 nm) of aPD-L1/ZnPc/GQD-PEG (PZGE) were synthesized and tested. The 5 nm nanoparticles achieved the best nuclear enrichment capacity contributing to their ultrasmall size. Notably, 5 nm PZGE-based photodynamic therapy enabled an amplification of the type I IFN-mediated innate immune response and could convert "immune-cold" tumors into "immune-hot" ones. Utilizing their size advantage to target the nucleus, 5 nm nanoparticles induced DNA damage and activated the type I IFN-mediated innate immune response, subsequently promoting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte infiltration and reversing negative PD-L1 expression. Furthermore, the nanoplatform we designed is promising for the effective suppression of distant oral squamous cell carcinoma. Thus, for the first time, this study presents a size design strategy for nuclear-targeted photo-controlled immune adjuvants and the nuclear-targeted phototherapy-mediated immunomodulatory functions of type I IFN innate immune signalling for "immune-cold" tumors. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The potential of commonly used photosensitizers to activate innate sensing pathways for producing type I IFNs is limited due to the lack of nuclear targeting. Facilitating the nuclear-targeting of photosensitizers to enhance innate immune response and execute long-term tumor killing effect would be a promising strategy for "cold" tumor photoimmunotherapy. Herein, we report an optimal size of PZGE nanoparticles that enable the nuclear-targeting of ZnPc, which reinforces the type I IFN-mediated innate immune response, synergistically reversing "cold tumors" to "hot tumors" for effective primary and distant tumor photoimmunotherapy. This work highlights the marked efficacy of ultrasmall nuclear-located nanocarriers and offers new insight into "immune-cold tumors" via prominent innate immune activation mediated by nuclear-targeting photoimmunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiliu Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Chen Yi
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Lejia Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Yi He
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Huanzi Lu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Yuquan Tang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Guosheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
| | - Siming Huang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xu Y, Nowsheen S, Deng M. DNA Repair Deficiency Regulates Immunity Response in Cancers: Molecular Mechanism and Approaches for Combining Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051619. [PMID: 36900418 PMCID: PMC10000854 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects in DNA repair pathways can lead to genomic instability in multiple tumor types, which contributes to tumor immunogenicity. Inhibition of DNA damage response (DDR) has been reported to increase tumor susceptibility to anticancer immunotherapy. However, the interplay between DDR and the immune signaling pathways remains unclear. In this review, we will discuss how a deficiency in DDR affects anti-tumor immunity, highlighting the cGAS-STING axis as an important link. We will also review the clinical trials that combine DDR inhibition and immune-oncology treatments. A better understanding of these pathways will help exploit cancer immunotherapy and DDR pathways to improve treatment outcomes for various cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Somaira Nowsheen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92122, USA
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (M.D.)
| | - Min Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (M.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fang Y, Chen S, Zhang M, Lin X, Jin X, Zhang M, Liu Y, Wang Y, Shi K. Tailoring biomimetic dual-redox-responsive nanoplexes for enhanced RNAi-synergized photodynamic cancer immunotherapy. Acta Biomater 2023:S1742-7061(23)00086-7. [PMID: 36792046 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the strong potential of RNA interference (RNAi) therapies, critical issues, such as poor permeability across biological membranes and efficacy of their delivery into the cytoplasm, remain to be addressed before their successful clinical application. The current study aimed to address these issues by constructing a biomimetic nanoplex with dual redox responsiveness, which is derived from a cationic polymer formed by the condensation of endogenous spermine monomers via diselenide bonds. The developed nanoplexes decomposed in response to the redox microenvironment in cancer cells, thereby avoiding accumulation toxicity and poor transfection efficiency owing to incomplete siRNA release. When co-delivered with siPDL1 and a photosensitizer, the reactive oxygen species generated by irradiated nanoplexes accelerated the cytoplasmic release of siPDL1, which was expected to alleviate the PDT-induced increase in immunosuppressive PD-L1 expression. In a murine model of 4T1 xenografted breast cancer, the fabricated macrophage membrane (MPM)-camouflaged nanoplexes with payloads boosted antitumor immune responses in situ through a "self-synergistic" immunogenic cell death induced by photodynamic therapy (PDT). Overall, the study reported a new strategy for harnessing photodynamic immunotherapy for treating immunologically cold tumors. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides a biomimetic nanoplex with dual redox responsiveness, which is derived from a novel cationic polymer formed by the condensation of endogenous spermine monomers through diselenide bonds. The developed nanoplex disassembles according to the redox microenvironment in cancer cells, thereby avoiding accumulation toxicity and poor transfection efficiency due to incomplete siRNA release. When co-delivery of siPDL1 and photosensitizer in vivo, the ROS generated by irradiated nanoplexes accelerated the cytoplasmic release of siPDL1, and which is expected to alleviate PDT-induced increase in immunosuppressive PD-L1 expression, thereby boosting antitumor immune responses in situ through a "self-synergistic" immunogenic cell death induced by PDT. Our findings reveal a new strategy of harnessing photodynamic immunotherapy therapy toward immunologically cold tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mingyi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaojie Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xuechao Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yunmeng Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Kai Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Song JX, Villagomes D, Zhao H, Zhu M. cGAS in nucleus: The link between immune response and DNA damage repair. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1076784. [PMID: 36591232 PMCID: PMC9797516 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1076784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As the first barrier of host defense, innate immunity sets up the parclose to keep out external microbial or virus attacks. Depending on the type of pathogens, several cytoplasm pattern recognition receptors exist to sense the attacks from either foreign or host origins, triggering the immune response to battle with the infections. Among them, cGAS-STING is the major pathway that mainly responds to microbial DNA, DNA virus infections, or self-DNA, which mainly comes from genome instability by-product or released DNA from the mitochondria. cGAS was initially found functional in the cytoplasm, although intriguing evidence indicates that cGAS exists in the nucleus where it is involved in the DNA damage repair process. Because the close connection between DNA damage response and immune response and cGAS recognizes DNA in length-dependent but DNA sequence-independent manners, it is urgent to clear the function balance of cGAS in the nucleus versus cytoplasm and how it is shielded from recognizing the host origin DNA. Here, we outline the current conception of immune response and the regulation mechanism of cGAS in the nucleus. Furthermore, we will shed light on the potential mechanisms that are restricted to be taken away from self-DNA recognition, especially how post-translational modification regulates cGAS functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xian Song
- Institute for Translation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Deana Villagomes
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Hongchang Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Min Zhu
- Institute for Translation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,*Correspondence: Min Zhu,
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Li C, Xue Y, Ba X, Wang R. The Role of 8-oxoG Repair Systems in Tumorigenesis and Cancer Therapy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233798. [PMID: 36497058 PMCID: PMC9735852 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is highly correlated with the accumulation of mutations. The abundant and extensive DNA oxidation product, 8-Oxoguanine (8-oxoG), can cause mutations if it is not repaired by 8-oxoG repair systems. Therefore, the accumulation of 8-oxoG plays an essential role in tumorigenesis. To avoid the accumulation of 8-oxoG in the genome, base excision repair (BER), initiated by 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase1 (OGG1), is responsible for the removal of genomic 8-oxoG. It has been proven that 8-oxoG levels are significantly elevated in cancer cells compared with cells of normal tissues, and the induction of DNA damage by some antitumor drugs involves direct or indirect interference with BER, especially through inducing the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can lead to tumor cell death. In addition, the absence of the core components of BER can result in embryonic or early post-natal lethality in mice. Therefore, targeting 8-oxoG repair systems with inhibitors is a promising avenue for tumor therapy. In this study, we summarize the impact of 8-oxoG accumulation on tumorigenesis and the current status of cancer therapy approaches exploiting 8-oxoG repair enzyme targeting, as well as possible synergistic lethality strategies involving exogenous ROS-inducing agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunshuang Li
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Education, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yaoyao Xue
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Education, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xueqing Ba
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Education, School of Life Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- Correspondence: (X.B.); (R.W.)
| | - Ruoxi Wang
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- Correspondence: (X.B.); (R.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yoon HJ, Kim GC, Oh S, Kim H, Kim YK, Lee Y, Kim MS, Kwon G, Ok YS, Kwon HK, Kim HS. WNK3 inhibition elicits antitumor immunity by suppressing PD-L1 expression on tumor cells and activating T-cell function. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:1913-1926. [PMID: 36357569 PMCID: PMC9722663 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00876-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint therapies, such as programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade, have shown remarkable clinical benefit in many cancers by restoring the function of exhausted T cells. Hence, the identification of novel PD-L1 regulators and the development of their inhibition strategies have significant therapeutic advantages. Here, we conducted pooled shRNA screening to identify regulators of membrane PD-L1 levels in lung cancer cells targeting druggable genes and cancer drivers. We identified WNK lysine deficient protein kinase 3 (WNK3) as a novel positive regulator of PD-L1 expression. The kinase-dead WNK3 mutant failed to elevate PD-L1 levels, indicating the involvement of its kinase domain in this function. WNK3 perturbation increased cancer cell death in cancer cell-immune cell coculture conditions and boosted the secretion of cytokines and cytolytic enzymes, promoting antitumor activities in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. WNK463, a pan-WNK inhibitor, enhanced CD8+ T-cell-mediated antitumor activity and suppressed tumor growth as a monotherapy as well as in combination with a low-dose anti-PD-1 antibody in the MC38 syngeneic mouse model. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK)/c-JUN pathway underlies WNK3-mediated transcriptional regulation of PD-L1. Our findings highlight that WNK3 inhibition might serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer immunotherapy through its concurrent impact on cancer cells and immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Yoon
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ,grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi-Cheon Kim
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ,grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sejin Oh
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ,grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hakhyun Kim
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Keon Kim
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ,grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yunji Lee
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ,grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Seo Kim
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gino Kwon
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Graduate Program for Nanomedical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Su Ok
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ,grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho-Keun Kwon
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ,grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ,grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Kim
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ,grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Devanaboyina M, Kaur J, Whiteley E, Lin L, Einloth K, Morand S, Stanbery L, Hamouda D, Nemunaitis J. NF-κB Signaling in Tumor Pathways Focusing on Breast and Ovarian Cancer. Oncol Rev 2022; 16:10568. [PMID: 36531159 PMCID: PMC9756851 DOI: 10.3389/or.2022.10568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune disorders and cancer share a common pathway involving NF-κb signaling. Through involvement with GM-CSF, NF-κB can contribute to proliferation and activation of T- and B- cells as well as immune cell migration to sites of inflammation. In breast cancer, this signaling pathway has been linked to resistance with endocrine and chemotherapies. Similarly, in ovarian cancer, NF-κB influences angiogenesis and inflammation pathways. Further, BRCA1 signaling common to both breast and ovarian cancer also has the capability to induce NF-κB activity. Immunotherapy involving NF-κB can also be implemented to combat chemoresistance. The complex signaling pathways of NF-κB can be harnessed for developing cancer therapeutics to promote immunotherapy for improving patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Devanaboyina
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Jasskiran Kaur
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Emma Whiteley
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Leslie Lin
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Katelyn Einloth
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Susan Morand
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | | | - Danae Hamouda
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Banicka V, Martens MC, Panzer R, Schrama D, Emmert S, Boeckmann L, Thiem A. Homozygous CRISPR/Cas9 Knockout Generated a Novel Functionally Active Exon 1 Skipping XPA Variant in Melanoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911649. [PMID: 36232946 PMCID: PMC9569948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in DNA repair pathways have been associated with an improved response to immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI). In particular, patients with the nucleotide excision repair (NER) defect disease Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) responded impressively well to ICI treatment. Recently, in melanoma patients, pretherapeutic XP gene expression was predictive for anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) ICI response. The underlying mechanisms of this finding are still to be revealed. Therefore, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to disrupt XPA in A375 melanoma cells. The resulting subclonal cell lines were investigated by Sanger sequencing. Based on their genetic sequence, candidates from XPA exon 1 and 2 were selected and further analyzed by immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, HCR and MTT assays. In XPA exon 1, we established a homozygous (c.19delG; p.A7Lfs*8) and a compound heterozygous (c.19delG/c.19_20insG; p.A7Lfs*8/p.A7Gfs*55) cell line. In XPA exon 2, we generated a compound heterozygous mutated cell line (c.206_208delTTG/c.208_209delGA; p.I69_D70delinsN/p.D70Hfs*31). The better performance of the homozygous than the heterozygous mutated exon 1 cells in DNA damage repair (HCR) and post-UV-C cell survival (MTT), was associated with the expression of a novel XPA protein variant. The results of our study serve as the fundamental basis for the investigation of the immunological consequences of XPA disruption in melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Banicka
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Marie Christine Martens
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Panzer
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - David Schrama
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Emmert
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Lars Boeckmann
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Thiem
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yang CZ, Yang T, Liu XT, He CF, Guo W, Liu S, Yao XH, Xiao X, Zeng WR, Lin LZ, Huang ZY. Comprehensive analysis of somatic mutator-derived and immune infiltrates related lncRNA signatures of genome instability reveals potential prognostic biomarkers involved in non-small cell lung cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:982030. [PMID: 36226174 PMCID: PMC9548567 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.982030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The function and features of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are already attracting attention and extensive research on their role as biomarkers of prediction in lung cancer. However, the signatures that are both related to genomic instability (GI) and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) have not yet been fully explored in previous studies of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Method: The clinical characteristics, RNA expression profiles, and somatic mutation information of patients in this study came from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to construct genomic instability-related lncRNA signature (GIrLncSig). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed to predict the potential functions of lncRNAs. CIBERSORT was used to calculate the proportion of immune cells in NSCLC. Result: Eleven genomic instability-related lncRNAs in NSCLC were identified, then we established a prognostic model with the GIrLncSig ground on the 11 lncRNAs. Through the computed GIrLncSig risk score, patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups. By plotting ROC curves, we found that patients in the low-risk group in the test set and TCGA set had longer overall survival than those in the high-risk group, thus validating the survival predictive power of GIrLncSig. By stratified analysis, there was still a significant difference in overall survival between high and low risk groups of patients after adjusting for other clinical characteristics, suggesting the prognostic significance of GIrLncSig is independent. In addition, combining GIrLncSig with TP53 could better predict clinical outcomes. Besides, the immune microenvironment differed significantly between the high-risk and the low-risk groups, patients with low risk scores tend to have upregulation of immune checkpoints and chemokines. Finally, we found that high-risk scores were associated with increased sensitivity to chemotherapy. Conclusion: we provided a new perspective on lncRNAs related to GI and TIME and revealed the worth of them in immune infiltration and immunotherapeutic response. Besides, we found that the expression of AC027288.1 is associated with PD-1 expression, which may be a potential prognostic marker in immune checkpoint inhibitor response to improve the prediction of clinical survival in NSCLC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Zhi Yang
- The First School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Yang
- The First School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Ting Liu
- The First School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Can-Feng He
- The First School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Liu
- The First School of Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Yao
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Xiao
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Ran Zeng
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhong-Yu Huang, ; Li-Zhu Lin, ; Wei-Ran Zeng,
| | - Li-Zhu Lin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhong-Yu Huang, ; Li-Zhu Lin, ; Wei-Ran Zeng,
| | - Zhong-Yu Huang
- Guangzhou First People’s Hospital School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhong-Yu Huang, ; Li-Zhu Lin, ; Wei-Ran Zeng,
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shi C, Qin K, Lin A, Jiang A, Cheng Q, Liu Z, Zhang J, Luo P. The role of DNA damage repair (DDR) system in response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:268. [PMID: 36071479 PMCID: PMC9450390 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02469-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
As our understanding of the mechanisms of cancer treatment has increased, a growing number of studies demonstrate pathways through which DNA damage repair (DDR) affects the immune system. At the same time, the varied response of patients to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has prompted the discovery of various predictive biomarkers and the study of combination therapy. Here, our investigation explores the interactions involved in combination therapy, accompanied by a review that summarizes currently identified and promising predictors of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) that are useful for classifying oncology patients. In addition, this work, which discusses immunogenicity and several components of the tumor immune microenvironment, serves to illustrate the mechanism by which higher response rates and improved efficacy of DDR inhibitors (DDRi) in combination with ICIs are achieved.
Collapse
|
27
|
Ruan H, Xiong J. Value of carbon-ion radiotherapy for early stage non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2022; 36:16-23. [PMID: 35756194 PMCID: PMC9213230 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) is an important part of modern radiotherapy. Compared to conventional photon radiotherapy modalities, CIRT brings two major types of advantages to physical and biological aspects respectively. The physical advantages include a substantial dose delivery to the tumoral area and a minimization of dose damage to the surrounding tissue. The biological advantages include an increase in double-strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA structures, an upturn in oxygen enhancement ratio and an improvement of radiosensitivity compared with X-ray radiotherapy. The two advantages of CIRT are that the therapy not only inflicts major cytotoxic lesions on tumor cells, but it also protects the surrounding tissue. According to annual diagnoses, lung cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide, followed by breast cancer. However, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death. Patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who are optimally received the treatment of lobectomy. Some patients with comorbidities or combined cardiopulmonary insufficiency have been shown to be unable to tolerate the treatment when combined with surgery. Consequentially, radiotherapy may be the best treatment option for this patient category. Multiple radiotherapy options are available for these cases, such as stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Although these treatments have brought some clinical benefits to some patients, the resulting adverse events (AEs), which include cardiotoxicity and radiation pneumonia, cannot be ignored. The damage and toxicity to normal tissue also limit the increase of tumor dose. Due to the significant physical and biological advantages brought by CIRT, some toxicity induced by radiotherapy may be avoided with CIRT Bragg Peak. CIRT brought clinical benefits to lung cancer patients, especially geriatric patients. This review introduced the clinical efficacy and research results for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with CIRT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanguang Ruan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Hospital of Nanchang, No 1248 Jiuzhou Avenue, Nanchang City 300002, China
| | - Juan Xiong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, 519 East Beijing Road, Nanchang City 330029, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
PD-1 blockade enhances chemotherapy toxicity in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3259. [PMID: 35228614 PMCID: PMC8885636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07228-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy upregulates immune checkpoint (IC) expression on the surface of tumour cells and IC-intrinsic signalling confers a survival advantage against chemotherapy in several cancer-types including oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). However, the signalling pathways mediating chemotherapy-induced IC upregulation and the mechanisms employed by ICs to protect OAC cells against chemotherapy remain unknown. Longitudinal profiling revealed that FLOT-induced IC upregulation on OE33 OAC cells was sustained for up to 3 weeks post-treatment, returning to baseline upon complete tumour cell recovery. Pro-survival MEK signalling mediated FLOT-induced upregulation of PD-L1, TIM-3, LAG-3 and A2aR on OAC cells promoting a more immune-resistant phenotype. Single agent PD-1, PD-L1 and A2aR blockade decreased OAC cell viability, proliferation and mediated apoptosis. Mechanistic insights demonstrated that blockade of the PD-1 axis decreased stem-like marker ALDH and expression of DNA repair genes. Importantly, combining single agent PD-1, PD-L1 and A2aR blockade with FLOT enhanced cytotoxicity in OAC cells. These findings reveal novel mechanistic insights into the immune-independent functions of IC-intrinsic signalling in OAC cells with important clinical implications for boosting the efficacy of the first-line FLOT chemotherapy regimen in OAC in combination with ICB, to not only boost anti-tumour immunity but also to suppress IC-mediated promotion of key hallmarks of cancer that drive tumour progression.
Collapse
|
29
|
Fischer S, Hamed M, Emmert S, Wolkenhauer O, Fuellen G, Thiem A. The Prognostic and Predictive Role of Xeroderma Pigmentosum Gene Expression in Melanoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:810058. [PMID: 35174087 PMCID: PMC8841870 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.810058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Assessment of immune-specific markers is a well-established approach for predicting the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Promising candidates as ICI predictive biomarkers are the DNA damage response pathway genes. One of those pathways, which are mainly responsible for the repair of DNA damage caused by ultraviolet radiation, is the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway. Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a hereditary disease caused by mutations of eight different genes of the NER pathway, or POLH, here together named the nine XP genes. Anecdotal evidence indicated that XP patients with melanoma or other skin tumors responded impressively well to anti-PD-1 ICIs. Hence, we analyzed the expression of the nine XP genes as prognostic and anti-PD-1 ICI predictive biomarkers in melanoma. Methods We assessed mRNA gene expression in the TCGA-SKCM dataset (n = 445) and two pooled clinical melanoma cohorts of anti-PD-1 ICI (n = 75). In TCGA-SKCM, we applied hierarchical clustering on XP genes to reveal clusters, further utilized as XP cluster scores. In addition, out of 18 predefined genes representative of a T cell inflamed tumor microenvironment, the TIS score was calculated. Besides these scores, the XP genes, immune-specific single genes (CD8A, CXCL9, CD274, and CXCL13) and tumor mutational burden (TMB) were cross-correlated. Survival analysis in TCGA-SKCM was conducted for the selected parameters. Lastly, the XP response prediction value was calculated for the two pooled anti-PD-1 cohorts by classification models. Results In TCGA-SKCM, expression of the XP genes was divided into two clusters, inversely correlated with immune-specific markers. A higher ERCC3 expression was associated with improved survival, particularly in younger patients. The constructed models utilizing XP genes, and the XP cluster scores outperformed the immune-specific gene-based models in predicting response to anti-PD-1 ICI in the pooled clinical cohorts. However, the best prediction was achieved by combining the immune-specific gene CD274 with three XP genes from both clusters. Conclusion Our results suggest pre-therapeutic XP gene expression as a potential marker to improve the prediction of anti-PD-1 response in melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Fischer
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mohamed Hamed
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Steffen Emmert
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Olaf Wolkenhauer
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Georg Fuellen
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Thiem
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Miyasaka Y, Sato H, Okano N, Kubo N, Kawamura H, Ohno T. A Promising Treatment Strategy for Lung Cancer: A Combination of Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:203. [PMID: 35008367 PMCID: PMC8750493 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide despite advances in treatment. In the past few decades, radiotherapy has achieved outstanding technical advances and is being widely used as a definitive, prophylactic, or palliative treatment of patients with lung cancer. The anti-tumor effects of radiotherapy are considered to result in DNA damage in cancer cells. Moreover, recent evidence has demonstrated another advantage of radiotherapy: the induction of anti-tumor immune responses, which play an essential role in cancer control. In contrast, radiotherapy induces an immunosuppressive response. These conflicting reactions after radiotherapy suggest that maximizing immune response to radiotherapy by combining immunotherapy has potential to achieve more effective anti-tumor response than using each alone. Immune checkpoint molecules, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, programmed cell death-1/programmed death-ligand 1, and their inhibitors, have attracted significant attention for overcoming the immunosuppressive conditions in patients with cancer. Therefore, the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and radiotherapy is promising. Emerging preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the rationale for these combination strategies. In this review, we outlined evidence suggesting that combination of radiotherapy, including particle therapy using protons and carbon ions, with immunotherapy in lung cancer treatment could be a promising treatment strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Miyasaka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (Y.M.); (N.O.); (N.K.); (H.K.); (T.O.)
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiro Sato
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (Y.M.); (N.O.); (N.K.); (H.K.); (T.O.)
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Naoko Okano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (Y.M.); (N.O.); (N.K.); (H.K.); (T.O.)
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Nobuteru Kubo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (Y.M.); (N.O.); (N.K.); (H.K.); (T.O.)
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Kawamura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (Y.M.); (N.O.); (N.K.); (H.K.); (T.O.)
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ohno
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan; (Y.M.); (N.O.); (N.K.); (H.K.); (T.O.)
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kumazawa T, Mori Y, Sato H, Permata TBM, Uchihara Y, Noda SE, Okada K, Kakoti S, Suzuki K, Ikota H, Yokoo H, Gondhowiardjo S, Nakano T, Ohno T, Shibata A. Expression of non-homologous end joining factor, Ku80, is negatively correlated with PD-L1 expression in cancer cells after X-ray irradiation. Oncol Lett 2021; 23:29. [PMID: 34868366 PMCID: PMC8630823 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing importance of antitumour immunity by cancer immunotherapy has prompted studies on radiotherapy-induced immune response. Previous studies have indicated that programmed cell death-1 ligand (PD-L1) expression is regulated by DNA damage signalling. However, PD-L1 up-regulation after radiotherapy has not been fully investigated at the clinical level, particularly in the context of expression of DNA repair factors. The present study examined the correlation of mRNA expression between PD-L1 and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) factors using The Cancer Genome Atlas database analysis. Among NHEJ factors, Ku80 mRNA expression was negatively correlated with PD-L1 mRNA expression levels in several types of cancer (colon adenocarcinoma, breast invasive carcinoma, skin cutaneous melanoma, lung adenocarcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma, cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma). To verify the negative correlation in clinical samples, the present study analysed whether Ku80 expression levels affected PD-L1 up-regulation after radiotherapy using cervical squamous cell carcinoma samples. Quantitative evaluation using software analysis of immunohistochemically stained slides revealed that patients with low Ku80 positivity in biopsy specimens demonstrated increased PD-L1 expression levels after 10 Gy irradiation (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient=−0.274; P=0.017). Furthermore, PD-L1 induction levels in tumour cells after 10 Gy of irradiation were significantly inversely correlated with Ku80 expression levels (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient=−0.379; P<0.001). The present study also confirmed that short interfering RNA-mediated Ku80 depletion was associated with greater X-ray-induced PD-L1 up-regulation in HeLa cells. These results indicated that radiotherapy could enhance PD-L1 induction in tumour cells with low Ku80 expression in a clinical setting. Furthermore, these data highlighted Ku80 as a potential predictive biomarker for immune checkpoint therapy combined with radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Kumazawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 3718511, Japan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Saku Central Hospital Advanced Care Center, Saku, Nagano 3850051, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Mori
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 3718511, Japan.,National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 2638555, Japan
| | - Hiro Sato
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 3718511, Japan
| | - Tiara Bunga Mayang Permata
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Yuki Uchihara
- Signal Transduction Program, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 3718511, Japan
| | - Shin-Ei Noda
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, International Medical Centre, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 3501298, Japan
| | - Kohei Okada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 3718511, Japan
| | - Sangeeta Kakoti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 3718511, Japan.,Signal Transduction Program, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 3718511, Japan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400012, India
| | - Keiji Suzuki
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Hayato Ikota
- Clinical Department of Pathology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma 3718511, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yokoo
- Department of Human Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 3718511, Japan
| | - Soehartati Gondhowiardjo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Takashi Nakano
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 2638555, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ohno
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 3718511, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shibata
- Signal Transduction Program, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 3718511, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chabanon RM, Rouanne M, Lord CJ, Soria JC, Pasero P, Postel-Vinay S. Targeting the DNA damage response in immuno-oncology: developments and opportunities. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:701-717. [PMID: 34376827 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-021-00386-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment and substantially improved patient outcome with regard to multiple tumour types. However, most patients still do not benefit from such therapies, notably because of the absence of pre-existing T cell infiltration. DNA damage response (DDR) deficiency has recently emerged as an important determinant of tumour immunogenicity. A growing body of evidence now supports the concept that DDR-targeted therapies can increase the antitumour immune response by (1) promoting antigenicity through increased mutability and genomic instability, (2) enhancing adjuvanticity through the activation of cytosolic immunity and immunogenic cell death and (3) favouring reactogenicity through the modulation of factors that control the tumour-immune cell synapse. In this Review, we discuss the interplay between the DDR and anticancer immunity and highlight how this dynamic interaction contributes to shaping tumour immunogenicity. We also review the most innovative preclinical approaches that could be used to investigate such effects, including recently developed ex vivo systems. Finally, we highlight the therapeutic opportunities presented by the exploitation of the DDR-anticancer immunity interplay, with a focus on those in early-phase clinical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman M Chabanon
- ATIP-Avenir Group, Inserm Unit U981, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Mathieu Rouanne
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Inserm Unit U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Département d'Urologie, Hôpital Foch, Université Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris-Saclay, Suresnes, France
| | - Christopher J Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Jean-Charles Soria
- Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Faculté de Médicine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Philippe Pasero
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Postel-Vinay
- ATIP-Avenir Group, Inserm Unit U981, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.
- Drug Development Department (DITEP), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.
- Faculté de Médicine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Malik S, Prasad S, Kishore S, Kumar A, Upadhyay V. A perspective review on impact and molecular mechanism of environmental carcinogens on human health. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2021; 37:178-207. [PMID: 34672914 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2021.1991715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death all around the world. It is a group of diseases characterized by abnormal and uncontrollable division of cells leading to severe health conditions and fatality if remains undiagnosed till later stages. Cancer can be caused due to mutation or sudden alterations by effect of certain external agents. Agents that can cause sudden alterations in the genetic content of an individual are known as mutagens. Mutations can lead to permanent changes in the genetic constituency of an individual and possibly lead to cancer. Mutagenic agents that possess the capacity to induce cancer in humans are called carcinogens. Carcinogens may be naturally present in the environment or generated by anthropogenic activities. However, with the progress in molecular techniques, genetic and/or epigenetic mechanisms of carcinogenesis of a wide range of carcinogens have been elucidated. Present review aims to discuss different types of environmental carcinogens and their respective mechanisms responsible for inducing cancer in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumira Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, India
| | - Shilpa Prasad
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, India
| | - Shristi Kishore
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics (Iob), Whitefield, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Mahe), Manipal, India
| | - Vineet Upadhyay
- Institute of Bioinformatics (Iob), Whitefield, Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Xie H, Wang W, Qi W, Jin W, Xia B. Targeting DNA Repair Response Promotes Immunotherapy in Ovarian Cancer: Rationale and Clinical Application. Front Immunol 2021; 12:661115. [PMID: 34712221 PMCID: PMC8546337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.661115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have emerged as a powerful oncologic treatment modality for patients with different solid tumors. Unfortunately, the efficacy of ICI monotherapy in ovarian cancer is limited, and combination therapy provides a new opportunity for immunotherapy in ovarian cancer. DNA damage repair (DDR) pathways play central roles in the maintenance of genomic integrity and promote the progression of cancer. A deficiency in DDR genes can cause different degrees of DNA damage that enhance local antigen release, resulting in systemic antitumor immune responses. Thus, the combination of DDR inhibitors with ICI represents an attractive therapeutic strategy with the potential to improve the clinical outcomes of patients with ovarian cancer. In this review, we provide an overview of the interconnectivity between DDR pathway deficiency and immune response, summarize available clinical trials on the combination therapy in ovarian cancer, and discuss the potential predictive biomarkers that can be utilized to guide the use of combination therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Xie
- Clinical Research Center, Women’s Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wencai Qi
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Weilin Jin
- Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bairong Xia
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jiang M, Jia K, Wang L, Li W, Chen B, Liu Y, Wang H, Zhao S, He Y, Zhou C. Alterations of DNA damage response pathway: Biomarker and therapeutic strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2983-2994. [PMID: 34729299 PMCID: PMC8546664 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability remains an enabling feature of cancer and promotes malignant transformation. Alterations of DNA damage response (DDR) pathways allow genomic instability, generate neoantigens, upregulate the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and interact with signaling such as cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) signaling. Here, we review the basic knowledge of DDR pathways, mechanisms of genomic instability induced by DDR alterations, impacts of DDR alterations on immune system, and the potential applications of DDR alterations as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Key Words
- ATM, ataxia-telangiectasia mutated
- ATR, ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related
- BAP1, BRCA1-associated protein 1
- BER, base excision repair
- BRAF, v-RAF murine sarcoma viral oncogene homologue B
- BRCA, breast cancer susceptibility gene
- CHEK, cell-cycle checkpoint kinase
- CHK1, checkpoint kinase 1
- DAMP, damage-associated molecular patterns
- DDR, DNA damage response
- DNA damage response
- DNA repair
- DR, direct repair
- DSBs, double-strand breaks
- FDA, United State Food and Drug Administration
- GSK3β, glycogen synthase kinase 3β
- Genomic instability
- HMGB1, high mobility group box-1
- HRR, homologous recombination repair
- ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor
- IFNγ, interferon gamma
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- IRF1, interferon regulatory factor 1
- Immunotherapy
- JAK, Janus kinase
- MAD1, mitotic arrest deficient-like 1
- MGMT, O6-methylguanine methyltransferase
- MLH1, MutL homolog 1
- MMR, mismatch repair
- MNT, MAX network transcriptional repressor
- MSH2/6, MutS protein homologue-2/6
- MSI, microsatellite instability
- MUTYH, MutY homolog
- MyD88, myeloid differentiation factor 88
- NEK1, NIMA-related kinase 1
- NER, nucleotide excision repair
- NGS, next generation sequencing
- NHEJ, nonhomologous end-joining
- NIMA, never-in-mitosis A
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- ORR, objective response rate
- OS, overall survival
- PALB2, partner and localizer of BRCA2
- PARP, poly-ADP ribose polymerase
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PD-1
- PD-1, programmed death 1
- PD-L1
- PD-L1, programmed death ligand 1
- PFS, progression-free survival
- RAD51C, RAD51 homolog C
- RB1, retinoblastoma 1
- RPA, replication protein A
- RSR, replication stress response
- SCNAs, somatic copy number alterations
- STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription
- STING, stimulator of interferon genes
- TBK1, TANK-binding kinase 1
- TILs, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
- TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4
- TMB, tumor mutational burden
- TME, tumor microenvironment
- TP53, tumor protein P53
- TRIF, Toll-interleukin 1 receptor domain-containing adaptor inducing INF-β
- Tumor microenvironment
- XRCC4, X-ray repair cross complementing protein 4
- cGAS, cyclic GMP–AMP synthase
- cGAS–STING
- ssDNA, single-stranded DNA
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minlin Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
- Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Keyi Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
- Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
- Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
- Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Sha Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Clark CA, Yang ES. Harnessing DNA Repair Defects to Augment Immune-Based Therapies in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:703802. [PMID: 34631532 PMCID: PMC8497895 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.703802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has poor prognosis with limited treatment options, with little therapeutic progress made during the past several decades. DNA damage response (DDR) associated therapies, including radiation and inhibitors of DDR, demonstrate potential efficacy against TNBC, especially under the guidance of genomic subtype-directed treatment. The tumor immune microenvironment also contributes greatly to TNBC malignancy and response to conventional and targeted therapies. Immunotherapy represents a developing trend in targeted therapies directed against TNBC and strategies combining immunotherapy and modulators of the DDR pathways are being pursued. There is increasing understanding of the potential interplay between DDR pathways and immune-associated signaling. As such, the question of how we treat TNBC regarding novel immuno-molecular strategies is continually evolving. In this review, we explore the current and upcoming treatment options of TNBC in the context of DNA repair mechanisms and immune-based therapies, with a focus on implications of recent genomic analyses and clinical trial findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Curtis A. Clark
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Eddy S. Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Hugh Kaul Precision Medicine Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Permata TBM, Sato H, Gu W, Kakoti S, Uchihara Y, Yoshimatsu Y, Sato I, Kato R, Yamauchi M, Suzuki K, Oike T, Tsushima Y, Gondhowiardjo S, Ohno T, Yasuhara T, Shibata A. High linear energy transfer carbon-ion irradiation upregulates PD-L1 expression more significantly than X-rays in human osteosarcoma U2OS cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2021; 62:773-781. [PMID: 34196706 PMCID: PMC8438258 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrab050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on the surface of cancer cells affects the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint therapy. However, the mechanism underlying PD-L1 expression in cancer cells is not fully understood, particularly after ionizing radiation (IR). Here, we examined the impact of high linear energy transfer (LET) carbon-ion irradiation on the expression of PD-L1 in human osteosarcoma U2OS cells. We found that the upregulation of PD-L1 expression after high LET carbon-ion irradiation was greater than that induced by X-rays at the same physical and relative biological effectiveness (RBE) dose, and that the upregulation of PD-L1 induced by high LET carbon-ion irradiation was predominantly dependent on ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase activity. Moreover, we showed that the downstream signaling, e.g. STAT1 phosphorylation and IRF1 expression, was upregulated to a greater extent after high LET carbon-ion irradiation than X-rays, and that IRF1 upregulation was also ATR dependent. Finally, to visualize PD-L1 molecules on the cell surface in 3D, we applied immunofluorescence-based super-resolution imaging. The three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy (3D-SIM) analyses revealed substantial increases in the number of presented PD-L1 molecules on the cell surface after high LET carbon-ion irradiation compared with X-ray irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yuki Uchihara
- Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Yoshimatsu
- Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Itaru Sato
- Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Reona Kato
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Motohiro Yamauchi
- Department of Radiation Biology and Protection, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Keiji Suzuki
- Department of Radiation Medical Science, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Takahiro Oike
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshito Tsushima
- Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Soehartati Gondhowiardjo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia – Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Tatsuya Ohno
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takaaki Yasuhara
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shibata
- Corresponding author. Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma University, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan. Tel.: +81-27-220-7977; Fax: +81-27-220-7909; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kim YJ, Kim K, Seo SY, Yu J, Kim IH, Kim HJ, Park CK, Lee KH, Choi J, Song MS, Kim JH. Time-sequential change in immune-related gene expression after irradiation in glioblastoma: next-generation sequencing analysis. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2021; 25:245-254. [PMID: 34408813 PMCID: PMC8366673 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2021.1954550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The time-sequential change in immune-related gene expression of the glioblastoma cell line after irradiation was evaluated to speculate the effect of combined immunotherapy with radiotherapy. The U373 MG glioblastoma cell line was irradiated with 6 Gy single dose. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) transcriptome data was generated before irradiation (control), and at 6, 24, and 48 h post-irradiation. Immune-related pathways were analyzed at each time period. The same analyses were also performed for A549 lung cancer and U87 MG glioblastoma cell lines. Western blotting confirmed the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression levels over time. In the U373 MG cell line, neutrophil-mediated immunity, type I interferon signaling, antigen cross-presentation to T cell, and interferon-γ signals began to increase significantly at 24 h and were upregulated until 48 h after irradiation. The results were similar to those of the A549 and U87 MG cell lines. Without T cell infiltration, PD-L1 did not increase even with upregulated interferon-γ signaling in cancer cells. In conclusions, in the glioblastoma cell line, immune-related signals were significantly upregulated at 24 and 48 h after irradiation. Therefore, the time interval between daily radiotherapy might not be enough to expect full immune responses by combined immune checkpoint inhibitors and newly infiltrating immune cells after irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jun Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Convergence Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangsoo Kim
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine & Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Seo
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeon Yu
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Han Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Jae Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Kee Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Hwa Lee
- Department of Information Medicine, Asan Medical Center and University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junjeong Choi
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Seon Song
- Department of Psychiatry, Keyo Hospital, Uiwang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Tao B, Shi J, Shuai S, Zhou H, Zhang H, Li B, Wang X, Li G, He H, Zhong J. CYB561D2 up-regulation activates STAT3 to induce immunosuppression and aggression in gliomas. J Transl Med 2021; 19:338. [PMID: 34372858 PMCID: PMC8351164 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine tuned balance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is essential for tumor cells and tumor cells use immune checkpoints to evade attack form immunity system. However, it's unclear whether there is any crosstalk between these two pathways. CYB561D2, an antioxidant protein, is part of 5-gene prognosis signature in gliomas and its involvement in gliomas is unknown. Here, we aim to provide a detailed characterization of CYB561D2 in gliomas. METHODS CYB561D2 expression was measured in clinical samples of gilomas and normal tissues. The effects of CYB561D2 on immunity related genes and tumor behaviors were investigated in glioma cell lines with various in vitro and in vivo assays. RESULTS CYB561D2 expression was enhanced in gliomas compared to control tissues. CYB561D2 up-regulation was associated with high grading of gliomas and short survival in patients. CYB561D2 expression was induced by H2O2 in glioma cell lines. CYB561D2 and its functional product ascorbate activated STAT3 dose-dependently. CYB561D2 over-expression increased PD-L1, CCL2 and TDO2 expression, and induced immunosuppression in co-cultured T cells. In in vitro assays, CYB561D2 knock-down suppressed cell growth, colony formation, migration and promoted apoptosis. In contrast, CYB561D2 over-expression reduced survival rate in intracranial glioma model and this effect could be blocked by dominant negative-STAT3. The CYB561D2 up-regulation and the positive association of CYB561D2 with PD-L1, CCL2 and TDO2 expression were cross-validated in open-access datasets. CONCLUSIONS CYB561D2 up-regulation induces immunosuppression and aggression via activating STAT3 in gliomas and CYB561D2 mediates ROS-tumor immunity crosstalk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bangbao Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Juanhong Shi
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Shanghai Tongji University, No 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Shuai
- Depatment of Oncology, Center Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Xiang-ya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Department of Emergency, San Ai Tang Hospital, 74 Jing-Ning Road, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Hua He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, No 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Jun Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Base excision repair and its implications to cancer therapy. Essays Biochem 2021; 64:831-843. [PMID: 32648895 PMCID: PMC7588666 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Base excision repair (BER) has evolved to preserve the integrity of DNA following cellular oxidative stress and in response to exogenous insults. The pathway is a coordinated, sequential process involving 30 proteins or more in which single strand breaks are generated as intermediates during the repair process. While deficiencies in BER activity can lead to high mutation rates and tumorigenesis, cancer cells often rely on increased BER activity to tolerate oxidative stress. Targeting BER has been an attractive strategy to overwhelm cancer cells with DNA damage, improve the efficacy of radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy, or form part of a lethal combination with a cancer specific mutation/loss of function. We provide an update on the progress of inhibitors to enzymes involved in BER, and some of the challenges faced with targeting the BER pathway.
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhao K, Zhang Q, Flanagan SA, Lang X, Jiang L, Parsels LA, Parsels JD, Zou W, Lawrence TS, Buisson R, Green MD, Morgan MA. Cytidine Deaminase APOBEC3A Regulates PD-L1 Expression in Cancer Cells in a JNK/c-JUN-Dependent Manner. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1571-1582. [PMID: 34045311 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) promotes tumor immune evasion by engaging the PD-1 receptor and inhibiting T-cell activity. While the regulation of PD-L1 expression is not fully understood, its expression is associated with tumor mutational burden and response to immune checkpoint therapy. Here, we report that Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3A (APOBEC3A) is an important regulator of PD-L1 expression. Using an APOBEC3A inducible expression system as well as siRNA against endogenous APOBEC3A, we found that APOBEC3A regulates PD-L1 mRNA and protein levels as well as PD-L1 cell surface expression in cancer. Mechanistically, APOBEC3A-induced PD-L1 expression was dependent on APOBEC3A catalytic activity as catalytically dead APOBEC3A mutant (E72A) failed to induce PD-L1 expression. Furthermore, APOBEC3A-induced PD-L1 expression was dependent on replication-associated DNA damage and JNK/c-JUN signaling but not interferon signaling. In addition, we confirmed the relevance of these finding in patient tumors as APOBEC3A expression and mutational signature correlated with PD-L1 expression in multiple patient cancer types. These data provide a novel link between APOBEC3A, its DNA mutagenic activity and PD-L1-mediated antitumoral immunity. This work nominates APOBEC3A as a mechanism of immune evasion and a potential biomarker for the therapeutic efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade. IMPLICATIONS: APOBEC3A catalytic activity induces replication-associated DNA damage to promote PD-L1 expression implying that APOBEC3A-driven mutagenesis represents both a mechanism of tumor immune evasion and a therapeutically targetable vulnerability in cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kailiang Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sheryl A Flanagan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Xueting Lang
- Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Long Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Leslie A Parsels
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Joshua D Parsels
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Weiping Zou
- Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Theodore S Lawrence
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rémi Buisson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, California.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Michael D Green
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan. .,Center of Excellence for Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Meredith A Morgan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Uchihara Y, Permata TBM, Sato H, Shibata A. Modulation of immune responses by DNA damage signaling. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 104:103135. [PMID: 34029876 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An accumulation of evidence indicates the importance of DNA damage signaling in modulating immune responses. Indeed, understanding the mechanism that underlies signal transduction originating from DNA damage is vital to overcoming refractory cancer, particularly when cancer immune therapy is applied in combination with DNA damage-dependent radio/chemotherapy. In addition, immune-associated responses to such signals can aggravate the symptoms of infections, allergies, autoimmune disease, and aging. In this review, we discuss how cells transduce signals, triggered by DNA damage, from their origins to neighboring cells and how this affects immune and inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Uchihara
- Signal Transduction Program, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tiara Bunga Mayang Permata
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Hiro Sato
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shibata
- Signal Transduction Program, Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma University, Gunma, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Significance: Genomic instability, a hallmark of cancer, renders cancer cells susceptible to genomic stress from both endogenous and exogenous origins, resulting in the increased tendency to accrue DNA damage, chromosomal instability, or aberrant DNA localization. Apart from the cell autonomous tumor-promoting effects, genomic stress in cancer cells could have a profound impact on the tumor microenvironment. Recent Advances: Recently, it is increasingly appreciated that harnessing genomic stress could provide a promising strategy to revive antitumor immunity, and thereby offer new therapeutic opportunities in cancer treatment. Critical Issues: Genomic stress is closely intertwined with antitumor immunity via mechanisms involving the direct crosstalk with DNA damage response components, upregulation of immune-stimulatory/inhibitory ligands, release of damage-associated molecular patterns, increase of neoantigen repertoire, and activation of DNA sensing pathways. A better understanding of these mechanisms will provide molecular basis for exploiting the genomic stress to boost antitumor immunity. Future Directions: Future research should pay attention to the heterogeneity between individual cancers in the genomic instability and the associated immune response, and how to balance the toxicity and benefit by specifying the types, potency, and treatment sequence of genomic stress inducer in therapeutic practice. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 1128-1150.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Congying Pu
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siyao Tao
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Huang
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhang T, Zheng S, Liu Y, Li X, Wu J, Sun Y, Liu G. DNA damage response and PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in ovarian cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 102:103112. [PMID: 33838550 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer has a poor prognosis due to drug resistance, relapse and metastasis. In recent years, immunotherapy has been applied in numerous cancers clinically. However, the effect of immunotherapy monotherapy in ovarian cancer is limited. DNA damage response (DDR) is an essential factor affecting the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy. Defective DNA repair may lead to carcinogenesis and tumor genomic instability, but on the other hand, it may also portend particular vulnerability of tumors and can be used as biomarkers for immunotherapy patient selection. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway mediates tumor immune escape, which may be a promising target for immunotherapy. Therefore, further understanding of the mechanism of PD-L1 expression after DDR may help guide the development of immunotherapy in ovarian cancer. In this review, we present the DNA damage repair pathway and summarize how DNA damage repair affects the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in cancer cells. And then we look for biomarkers that affect efficacy or prognosis. Finally, we review the progress of PD-1/PD-L1-based immunotherapy in combination with other therapies that may affect the DDR pathway in ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Shuangshuang Zheng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Guoyan Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Do KT, Manuszak C, Thrash E, Giobbie-Hurder A, Hu J, Kelland S, Powers A, de Jonge A, Shapiro GI, Severgnini M. Immune modulating activity of the CHK1 inhibitor prexasertib and anti-PD-L1 antibody LY3300054 in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer and other solid tumors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:2991-3000. [PMID: 33745032 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02910-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) has dual roles in both the DNA damage response and in the innate immune response to genotoxic stress. The combination of CHK1 inhibition and immune checkpoint blockade has the potential to enhance anti-tumoral T-cell activation. METHODS This was an open-label phase 1 study evaluating the CHK1 inhibitor prexasertib and the anti-PD-L1 antibody LY3300054. After a lead-in of LY3300054 (Arm A), prexasertib (Arm B) or the combination (Arm C), both agents were administered intravenously at their respective recommended phase 2 doses (RP2Ds) on days 1 and 15 of a 28-day cycle. Flow cytometry of peripheral blood was performed before and during treatment to analyze effects on immune cell populations, with a focus on T cell subsets and activation. Plasma cytokines and chemokines were analyzed using the Luminex platform. RESULTS Among seventeen patients enrolled, the combination was tolerable at the monotherapy RP2Ds, 105 mg/m2 prexasertib and 700 mg LY3300054. Dose-limiting toxicities included one episode each of febrile neutropenia (Arm C) and grade 4 neutropenia lasting > 5 days (Arm B). One patient had immune-related AST/ALT elevation after 12 cycles. Three patients with CCNE1-amplified, high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) achieved partial response (PR), 2 lasting > 12 months; a fourth such patient maintained stable disease > 12 months. Analysis of peripheral blood demonstrated evidence of CD8 + T-cell activation in response to treatment. CONCLUSIONS Prexasertib in combination with PD-L1 blockade was tolerable and demonstrated preliminary activity in CCNE1-amplified HGSOC with evidence of cytotoxic T-cell activation in patient blood samples. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03495323. Registered April 12, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khanh T Do
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue-DA2010, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Claire Manuszak
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Emily Thrash
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Anita Giobbie-Hurder
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Jiani Hu
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - Sarah Kelland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue-DA2010, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Allison Powers
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue-DA2010, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Adrienne de Jonge
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue-DA2010, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Geoffrey I Shapiro
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue-DA2010, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Davern M, Donlon NE, Sheppard A, Connell FO, Hayes C, Bhardwaj A, Foley E, Toole DO, Lynam-Lennon N, Ravi N, Reynolds JV, Maher SG, Lysaght J. Chemotherapy regimens induce inhibitory immune checkpoint protein expression on stem-like and senescent-like oesophageal adenocarcinoma cells. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101062. [PMID: 33765543 PMCID: PMC8008239 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OAC cells express several inhibitory immune checkpoint (IC) ligands and receptors. Chemotherapy upregulates IC ligands and receptors on the surface of OAC cells. ICs are enriched on stem-like and senescent OAC cells following chemotherapy. PD-1 blockade induced apoptosis and enhanced chemotherapy toxicity in OAC cells.
Use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with chemotherapy to enhance responses in oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) is an attractive approach. We identified subpopulations of OAC cells expressing inhibitory immune checkpoint (IC) ligands (PD-L1, PD-L2 and CD160) and receptors (PD-1, TIGIT, TIM-3, LAG-3 and A2aR) in vitro and in ex vivo biopsies. Combination chemotherapy regimens FLOT and CROSS promote a more immune-resistant phenotype through upregulation of IC ligands and receptors on OAC cells in vitro. Importantly, this study investigated if OAC cells, enriched for ICs exhibited a more stem-like and senescent-like phentoype. FLOT preferentially upregulates PD-L1 on a stem-like OAC cell phenotype, defined by ALDH activity. Expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase is induced in a subpopulation of OAC cells following FLOT and CROSS chemotherapy treatment, along with enhanced expression of TIM-3 and A2aR ICs. Blockade of PD-1 signalling in OAC cells induced apoptosis and enhanced FLOT and CROSS chemotherapy toxicity in vitro. Upregulation of ICs on OAC cells following chemotherapy may represent potential mechanisms of chemo-immune resistance. Combination ICIs may be required to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in OAC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Davern
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Noel E Donlon
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Andrew Sheppard
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Fiona O' Connell
- Translational Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Conall Hayes
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anshul Bhardwaj
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emma Foley
- Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dermot O' Toole
- Translational Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Niamh Lynam-Lennon
- Translational Radiobiology and Diagnostics Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Narayanasamy Ravi
- Translational Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - John V Reynolds
- Translational Gastrointestinal Research Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Stephen G Maher
- Cancer Chemoradiation Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital campus, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Joanne Lysaght
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Department of Surgery, Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital campus, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Lin RA, Lin JK, Lin S. Mechanisms of immunogenic cell death and immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2021; 37:448-458. [DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Lin
- Department of Bioengineering Rice University Houston Texas USA
| | - Jessica K. Lin
- Department of Systems Biology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas USA
| | - Shiaw‐Yih Lin
- Department of Systems Biology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Permata TBM, Sekarutami SM, Nuryadi E, Giselvania A, Gondhowiardjo S. Rapid advancement in cancer genomic big data in the pursuit of precision oncology. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDONESIA 2021. [DOI: 10.13181/mji.rev.204250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current big data era, massive genomic cancer data are available for open access from anywhere in the world. They are obtained from popular platforms, such as The Cancer Genome Atlas, which provides genetic information from clinical samples, and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, which offers genomic data of cancer cell lines. For convenient analysis, user-friendly tools, such as the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), which can be used to analyze tumor-infiltrating immune cells comprehensively, are also emerging. In clinical practice, clinical sequencing has been recommended for patients with cancer in many countries. Despite its many challenges, it enables the application of precision medicine, especially in medical oncology. In this review, several efforts devoted to accomplishing precision oncology and applying big data for use in Indonesia are discussed. Utilizing open access genomic data in writing research articles is also described.
Collapse
|
49
|
Chen C, Liu Y, Cui B. Effect of radiotherapy on T cell and PD-1 / PD-L1 blocking therapy in tumor microenvironment. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:1555-1567. [PMID: 33428533 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1840254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a worldwide problem that threatens human health. Radiotherapy plays an important role in a variety of cancer treatment methods. The administration of radiotherapy can alter the differentiation pathways and functions of T cells, which in turn improves the immune response of T cells. Radiotherapy can also induce up-regulation of PD-L1 expression, which means that it has great potential for enhancing the therapeutic effect of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and reducing the risk of drug resistance toward them. At present, the combination of radiotherapy and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors has shown significant therapeutic effects in clinical tumor research. This review focuses on the mechanism of radiotherapy on T cells reported in recent years, as well as related research progress in the application of PD-1/PD-L1 blockers. It will provide a theoretical basis for the rational clinical application of radiotherapy combined with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Yanlong Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Binbin Cui
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Davern M, Lysaght J. Cooperation between chemotherapy and immunotherapy in gastroesophageal cancers. Cancer Lett 2020; 495:89-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|