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Kamle S, Ma B, Schor G, Bailey M, Pham B, Cho I, Khan H, Azzoli C, Hofstetter M, Sadanaga T, Herbst R, Politi K, Lee CG, Elias JA. Chitinase 3-like-1 (CHI3L1) in the pathogenesis of epidermal growth factor receptor mutant non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Oncol 2024; 49:102108. [PMID: 39178575 PMCID: PMC11388375 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85 % of all lung cancers. In NSCLC, 10-20 % of Caucasian patients and 30-50 % of Asian patients have tumors with activating mutations in the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). A high percentage of these patients exhibit favorable responses to treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Unfortunately, a majority of these patients develop therapeutic resistance with progression free survival lasting 9-18 months. The mechanisms that underlie the tumorigenic effects of EGFR and the ability of NSCLC to develop resistance to TKI therapies, however, are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that CHI3L1 is produced by EGFR activation of normal epithelial cells, transformed epithelial cells with wild type EGFR and cells with cancer-associated, activating EGFR mutations. We also demonstrate that CHI3L1 auto-induces itself and feeds back to stimulate EGFR and its ligands via a STAT3-dependent mechanism(s). Highly specific antibodies against CHI3L1 (anti-CHI3L1/FRG) and TKI, individually and in combination, abrogated the effects of EGFR activation on CHI3L1 and the ability of CHI3L1 to stimulate the EGFR axis. Anti-CHI3L1 also interacted with osimertinib to reverse TKI therapeutic resistance and induce tumor cell death and inhibit pulmonary metastasis while stimulating tumor suppressor genes including KEAP1. CHI3L1 is a downstream target of EGFR that feeds back to stimulate and activate the EGFR axis. Anti-CHI3L1 is an exciting potential therapeutic for EGFR mutant NSCLC, alone and in combination with osimertinib or other TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchitra Kamle
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Bing Ma
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gail Schor
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Madison Bailey
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Brianna Pham
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Inyoung Cho
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Hina Khan
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School Brown University, USA
| | - Christopher Azzoli
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School Brown University, USA
| | - Mara Hofstetter
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, USA; University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Takayuki Sadanaga
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Roy Herbst
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Katerina Politi
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chun Geun Lee
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jack A Elias
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Departments of Medicine, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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Qu Z, Lu Y, Ran Y, Xu D, Guo Z, Cheng M. Chitinase‑3 like‑protein‑1: A potential predictor of cardiovascular disease (Review). Mol Med Rep 2024; 30:176. [PMID: 39129301 PMCID: PMC11332322 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitinase‑3 like‑protein‑1 (CHI3L1), a glycoprotein belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family 18, binds to chitin; however, this protein lacks chitinase activity. Although CHI3L1 is not an enzyme capable of degrading chitin, it plays significant roles in abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, indicating its involvement in metabolic disorders. In addition, CHI3L1 is considered a key player in inflammatory diseases, with clinical data suggesting its potential as a predictor of cardiovascular disease. CHI3L1 regulates the inflammatory response of various cell types, including macrophages, vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. In addition, CHI3L1 participates in vascular remodeling and fibrosis, contributing to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. At present, research is focused on elucidating the role of CHI3L1 in cardiovascular disease. The present systematic review was conducted to comprehensively evaluate the effects of CHI3L1 on cardiovascular cells, and determine the potential implications in the occurrence and progression of cardiovascular disease. The present study may further the understanding of the involvement of CHI3L1 in cardiovascular pathology, demonstrating its potential as a therapeutic target or biomarker in the management of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojian Qu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Yirui Lu
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Yutong Ran
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Donghua Xu
- Central Laboratory of The First Affiliated Hospital, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Zhiliang Guo
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 80th Group Army Hospital of Chinese PLA, Weifang, Shandong 261021, P.R. China
| | - Min Cheng
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
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Tang L, Qiu H, Xu B, Su Y, Nyarige V, Li P, Chen H, Killham B, Liao J, Adam H, Yang A, Yu A, Jang M, Rubart M, Xie J, Zhu W. Microparticle Mediated Delivery of Apelin Improves Heart Function in Post Myocardial Infarction Mice. Circ Res 2024; 135:777-798. [PMID: 39145385 PMCID: PMC11392624 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.324608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apelin is an endogenous prepropeptide that regulates cardiac homeostasis and various physiological processes. Intravenous injection has been shown to improve cardiac contractility in patients with heart failure. However, its short half-life prevents studying its impact on left ventricular remodeling in the long term. Here, we aim to study whether microparticle-mediated slow release of apelin improves heart function and left ventricular remodeling in mice with myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS A cardiac patch was fabricated by embedding apelin-containing microparticles in a fibrin gel scaffold. MI was induced via permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in adult C57BL/6J mice followed by epicardial patch placement immediately after (acute MI) or 28 days (chronic MI) post-MI. Four groups were included in this study, namely sham, MI, MI plus empty microparticle-embedded patch treatment, and MI plus apelin-containing microparticle-embedded patch treatment. Cardiac function was assessed by transthoracic echocardiography. Cardiomyocyte morphology, apoptosis, and cardiac fibrosis were evaluated by histology. Cardioprotective pathways were determined by RNA sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot. RESULTS The level of endogenous apelin was largely reduced in the first 7 days after MI induction and it was normalized by day 28. Apelin-13 encapsulated in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles displayed a sustained release pattern for up to 28 days. Treatment with apelin-containing microparticle-embedded patch inhibited cardiac hypertrophy and reduced scar size in both acute and chronic MI models, which is associated with improved cardiac function. Data from cellular and molecular analyses showed that apelin inhibits the activation and proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts by preventing transforming growth factor-β-mediated activation of Smad2/3 (supporessor of mothers against decapentaplegic 2/3) and downstream profibrotic gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microparticles prolonged the apelin release time in the mouse hearts. Epicardial delivery of the apelin-containing microparticle-embedded patch protects mice from both acute and chronic MI-induced cardiac dysfunction, inhibits cardiac fibrosis, and improves left ventricular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale (L.T., H.Q., B.X., V.N., P.L., H.A., A. Yang, A. Yu, M.J., W.Z.)
| | - Huiliang Qiu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale (L.T., H.Q., B.X., V.N., P.L., H.A., A. Yang, A. Yu, M.J., W.Z.)
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale (L.T., H.Q., B.X., V.N., P.L., H.A., A. Yang, A. Yu, M.J., W.Z.)
| | - Yajuan Su
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (Y.S., J.X.)
| | - Verah Nyarige
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale (L.T., H.Q., B.X., V.N., P.L., H.A., A. Yang, A. Yu, M.J., W.Z.)
| | - Pengsheng Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale (L.T., H.Q., B.X., V.N., P.L., H.A., A. Yang, A. Yu, M.J., W.Z.)
| | - Houjia Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington (H.C., B.K., J.L.)
| | - Brady Killham
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington (H.C., B.K., J.L.)
| | - Jun Liao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington (H.C., B.K., J.L.)
| | - Henderson Adam
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale (L.T., H.Q., B.X., V.N., P.L., H.A., A. Yang, A. Yu, M.J., W.Z.)
| | - Aaron Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale (L.T., H.Q., B.X., V.N., P.L., H.A., A. Yang, A. Yu, M.J., W.Z.)
| | - Alexander Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale (L.T., H.Q., B.X., V.N., P.L., H.A., A. Yang, A. Yu, M.J., W.Z.)
| | - Michelle Jang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale (L.T., H.Q., B.X., V.N., P.L., H.A., A. Yang, A. Yu, M.J., W.Z.)
| | - Michael Rubart
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (M.R.)
| | - Jingwei Xie
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha (Y.S., J.X.)
| | - Wuqiang Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale (L.T., H.Q., B.X., V.N., P.L., H.A., A. Yang, A. Yu, M.J., W.Z.)
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Milos T, Vuic B, Balic N, Farkas V, Nedic Erjavec G, Svob Strac D, Nikolac Perkovic M, Pivac N. Cerebrospinal fluid in the differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: an update of the literature. Expert Rev Neurother 2024:1-17. [PMID: 39233323 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2024.2400683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The importance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis is rapidly increasing, and there is a growing interest in the use of CSF biomarkers in monitoring the response to therapy, especially in the light of newly available approaches to the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. AREAS COVERED In this review we discuss the most relevant measures of neurodegeneration that are being used to distinguish patients with AD from healthy controls and individuals with mild cognitive impairment, in order to provide an overview of the latest information available in the scientific literature. We focus on markers related to amyloid processing, markers associated with neurofibrillary tangles, neuroinflammation, neuroaxonal injury and degeneration, synaptic loss and dysfunction, and markers of α-synuclein pathology. EXPERT OPINION In addition to neuropsychological evaluation, core CSF biomarkers (Aβ42, t-tau, and p-tau181) have been recommended for improvement of timely, accurate and differential diagnosis of AD, as well as to assess the risk and rate of disease progression. In addition to the core CSF biomarkers, various other markers related to synaptic dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and glial activation (neurogranin, SNAP-25, Nfl, YKL-40, TREM2) are now investigated and have yet to be validated for future potential clinical use in AD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Milos
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Barbara Vuic
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Balic
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Farkas
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | - Nela Pivac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
- University of Applied Sciences Hrvatsko Zagorje Krapina, Krapina, Croatia
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Sousa SM, Branco H, Avan A, Palmeira A, Morelli L, Santos LL, Giovannetti E, Vasconcelos MH, Xavier CPR. Darifenacin: a promising chitinase 3-like 1 inhibitor to tackle drug resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2024:10.1007/s00280-024-04712-1. [PMID: 39225813 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-024-04712-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the most aggressive malignancies. Our previous work revealed Chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) involvement in PDAC resistance to gemcitabine, identifying it as a promising therapeutic target. Here, we aimed to identify putative CHI3L1 inhibitors and to investigate their chemosensitizing potential in PDAC. METHODS Docking analysis for CHI3L1 identified promising CHI3L1 inhibitors, including darifenacin (muscarinic receptor antagonist). PDAC cell lines (BxPC-3, PANC-1) and primary PDAC cells were used to evaluate darifenacin's effects on cell growth (Sulforhodamine B, SRB), alone or in combination with gemcitabine or gemcitabine plus paclitaxel. Cytotoxicity against normal immortalized pancreatic ductal cells (HPNE) was assessed. Recombinant protein was used to confirm the impact of darifenacin on CHI3L1-induced PDAC cellular resistance to therapy (SRB assay). Darifenacin's effect on Akt activation was analysed by ELISA. The association between cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3 (CHRM3) expression and therapeutic response was evaluated by immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded tissues from surgical resections of a 68 patients' cohort. RESULTS In silico screening revealed the ability of darifenacin to target CHI3L1 with high efficiency. Darifenacin inhibited PDAC cell growth, with a GI50 of 26 and 13.6 µM in BxPC-3 and PANC-1 cells, respectively. These results were confirmed in primary PDAC-3 cells, while darifenacin showed no cytotoxicity against HPNE cells. Importantly, darifenacin sensitized PDAC cells to standard chemotherapies, reverted CHI3L1-induced PDAC cellular resistance to therapy, and decreased Akt phosphorylation. Additionally, high CHMR3 expression was associated with low therapeutic response to gemcitabine. CONCLUSION This work highlights the potential of darifenacin as a chemosensitizer for PDAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia M Sousa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- LQOF - Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Helena Branco
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 91886-17871, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 91886-17871, Iran
| | - Andreia Palmeira
- LQOF - Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, 4450-208, Portugal
| | - Luca Morelli
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, 56100, Italy
| | - Lúcio L Santos
- Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Research Group and Surgical Oncology Department, IPO-Instituto Português de Oncologia, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 865, Porto, 4200-072, Portugal
- ICBAS-UP-School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050- 313, Portugal
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, HV Amsterdam, 1081, The Netherlands
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per La Scienza, San Giuliano, 56017, Italy
| | - M Helena Vasconcelos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.
- Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto, 4050-313, Portugal.
| | - Cristina P R Xavier
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Toxicologic Pathology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), Gandra, 4585-116, Portugal.
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences - CESPU, Gandra, 4585-116, Portugal.
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Ellis DA, Jones M, Willems HME, Cheung S, Makullah M, Aimanianda V, Steele C. Fungal chitin is not an independent mediator of allergic fungal asthma severity. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 327:L293-L303. [PMID: 38915287 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00041.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitin, a polysaccharide found in the fungal cell wall and the exoskeletons of house dust mites and cockroaches, has garnered attention as a potential immunoreactive allergen. Mammals have evolved to express chitin-degrading chitinases (acidic mammalian chitinase/AMCase and chitotriosidase) that may modulate immune responses to chitin. We have previously reported that mice deficient in AMCase (Chia-/-) demonstrated better lung function during allergic fungal asthma. As expected, we show that mice overexpressing AMCase (SPAM mice) had worse airway hyperreactivity (AHR) during allergic fungal asthma. We further demonstrate that chitin-positive Aspergillus fumigatus conidia are detectable in the allergic lung during chronic exposure. Lung function in Chia-/- and SPAM mice is directly correlated with the level of chitinase activity during chronic fungal exposure (Chia-/- mice, negligible chitinase activity, lower AHR; SPAM mice, heightened chitinase activity, higher AHR), suggesting that the breakdown of chitin promoted AHR. However, chronic exposure of normal mice to purified A. fumigatus chitin resulted in only moderate inflammatory changes in the lung that were not sufficient to induce AHR. Moreover, despite having dramatic differences in chitinase activity, chronic exposure of Chia-/- and SPAM mice to purified A. fumigatus chitin likewise did not modulate AHR. Collectively, these results indicate that chronic exposure to fungal chitin alone is incapable of driving AHR. Furthermore, our data suggest that the chitinase-mediated degradation of chitin associated with A. fumigatus conidia may facilitate unmasking and/or liberation of other fungal cell wall components that drive inflammatory responses that contribute to AHR.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Humans with asthma sensitized to fungi often have more severe asthma than those who are not fungal-sensitized. Chitin makes up a significant portion of the cell wall of fungi and has been implicated as a pathogenic factor in allergic asthma. Ellis et al. demonstrate that chronic exposure to fungal chitin alone is unable to modulate lung function, even in the presence of differential lung chitinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diandra A Ellis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - MaryJane Jones
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Hubertine M E Willems
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Suki Cheung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Mgayya Makullah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Vishukumar Aimanianda
- Unité de Mycologie Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS, UMR2000, Paris, France
| | - Chad Steele
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
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He C, Hu Z, Lin Z, Chen H, Cao C, Chen J, Yang X, Li H, Shen W, Wei X, Zhuang L, Zheng S, Xu X, Lu D. Chitinase-3 like-protein-1, a prognostic biomarker in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and concomitant myosteatosis. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:1042. [PMID: 39179959 PMCID: PMC11342564 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitinase-3 like-protein-1 (CHI3L1) is a member of the mammalian chitinase-like proteins and elevated serum CHI3L1 level has been proved to be associated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum CHI3L1 levels and body composition parameters in patients with HCC after liver transplantation (LT). METHODS This retrospective study enrolled 200 patients after LT for HCC. Blood samples were collected and serum concentrations of CHI3L1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Computer tomography (CT) were used to estimate skeletal muscle and adipose tissue mass. Spearman's rank correlation test was performed to assess associations between serum CHI3L1 levels and these body composition parameters. A Cox proportional-hazards regression model was performed to identify independent prognostic factors. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. RESULTS Total 71 patients (35.5%) were diagnosed with myosteatosis according to skeletal muscle radiation attenuation (SMRA). The 5-year OS rates were 66.9% in non-myosteatosis group, significantly higher than 49.5% in myosteatosis group (p = 0.025), while the RFS of myosteatosis group (5-year RFS: 52.6%) or non-myosteatosis group (5-year RFS: 42.0%) shown no significant difference (p = 0.068). The serum CHI3L1 level were significantly negative correlated with SMRA (r = -0.3, p < 0.001). Interestingly, in patients with myosteatosis, Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that elevated serum CHI3L1 levels were associated with worse OS (p < 0.001) and RFS (p = 0.047). However, in patients without myosteatosis, Kaplan-Meier analysis found elevated serum CHI3L1 levels were not associated with OS (p = 0.070) or RFS (p = 0.104). CONCLUSIONS Elevated CHI3L1 was negatively correlated with SMRA, and predicted poorer prognosis in Chinese population after LT for HCC, especially in those patients with concomitant myosteatosis. Monitoring serum CHI3L1 can predict prognosis and effectively guide individual nutrition intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiyu He
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihang Hu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuyuan Lin
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenghao Cao
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinyan Chen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Huigang Li
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuyong Wei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhuang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiao Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Di Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
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Noguchi K, Inai T, Kuwana R. Chitinase 3-Like 1 and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5 proteins and the hair cycle. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:523. [PMID: 39150635 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-03151-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Dermal papilla cells (DPCs) exhibit self-recovery ability, which may be involved in hair growth. Therefore, we tested whether DPCs subjected to temporary growth-inhibiting stress (testosterone, 17β-estradiol, mitomycin C, or undernutrition) treatments exhibit self-recovery behavior that can activate hair follicle growth, and examined the changes in cell proliferation capacity and gene expression. Related proteins were identified and their relationships with the hair cycle was examined using a mouse model. Recovery-period DPCs (i.e., from day 3 after loading) were subjected to microarray analysis to detect genetic variations common to each stress treatment. Co-culture of recovery-period DPCs and outer root sheath cells (ORSCs) confirmed the promotion of ORSC proliferation, suggesting that the activation of hair follicle growth is promoted via signal transduction. Chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) and C-X-C motif chemokine 5 (CXCL5) exhibited ORSC proliferation-promoting effects. Measurement of protein content in the skin during each phase of the hair cycle in mice revealed that CHI3L1 and CXCL5 secretion increased immediately after anagen transition. In a hair-loss mouse model treated with testosterone or 17β-estradiol, CHI3L1 and CXCL5 secretion was lower in treated telogen skin than in untreated skin. Our results suggest that CHI3L1 and CXCL5 secreted by recovery-state DPCs promote hair growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Noguchi
- Department of Research and Development, Fuji Sangyo Co., Ltd., Tamura-cho, Kagawa, Marugame-shi, 763-8603, Japan.
| | - Takanori Inai
- Department of Research and Development, Fuji Sangyo Co., Ltd., Tamura-cho, Kagawa, Marugame-shi, 763-8603, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Kuwana
- Kuwana Dermatology Clinic, Ozucho, Kochi-shi, Kochi, 780-0915, Japan
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9
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Stanca L, Bilteanu L, Bujor OC, Ion VA, Petre AC, Bădulescu L, Geicu OI, Pisoschi AM, Serban AI, Ghimpeteanu OM. Development of Functional Foods: A Comparative Study on the Polyphenols and Anthocyanins Content in Chokeberry and Blueberry Pomace Extracts and Their Antitumor Properties. Foods 2024; 13:2552. [PMID: 39200479 PMCID: PMC11353723 DOI: 10.3390/foods13162552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Revised: 08/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing of functional foods is a promising strategy to reduce the increasing burden of colorectal cancer worldwide. Fruit pomace, particularly polyphenol and anthocyanin-rich chokeberry and blueberry, is a valuable ingredient for functional foods and nutraceuticals. Our study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects of chokeberry and blueberry pomace extracts on C2BBe1 colorectal carcinoma cells and explore the underlying signaling pathways. We analyzed both pomace extracts for total polyphenols and anthocyanins using Folin-Ciocalteu method and ultra-performance liquid chromatography, while antioxidative activity was assessed via the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging method. We evaluated the in vitro anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects using trypan blue exclusion, MTT and LDH assays, and assessed protein levels of p-Erk1/2, Akt-1, STAT1, STAT3, occludin, oxidized proteins, and MDA-protein adducts through western blotting, as well as analysis of a 37-plex panel of inflammatory markers. Chokeberry extracts exhibited higher total polyphenol content, anthocyanin levels, and antioxidative activity compared to blueberry extracts, however, blueberry extracts effects on cell viability and proliferation in C2BBe1 cells were stronger. Both fruit pomaces induced non-inflammatory cell death characterized by membrane integrity loss, beneficial in cancer therapy. Our data suggests chokeberry's cytotoxicity may be mediated by Erk signaling and Akt-1 inhibition, while blueberry uniquely decreased occludin levels. These berries pomaces' potential to mitigate cancer risks and enhance treatment efficacy is promising, warranting further investigation for functional foods development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Stanca
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 105 Blvd, Splaiul Independenței, 050097 Bucharest, Romania; (L.S.); (L.B.); (O.I.G.); (A.M.P.); (O.-M.G.)
| | - Liviu Bilteanu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 105 Blvd, Splaiul Independenței, 050097 Bucharest, Romania; (L.S.); (L.B.); (O.I.G.); (A.M.P.); (O.-M.G.)
| | - Oana Crina Bujor
- Research Center for Studies of Food Quality and Agricultural Products, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Mărăşti Blvb, 011464 Bucharest, Romania; (O.C.B.); (V.A.I.); (A.C.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Violeta Alexandra Ion
- Research Center for Studies of Food Quality and Agricultural Products, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Mărăşti Blvb, 011464 Bucharest, Romania; (O.C.B.); (V.A.I.); (A.C.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Andrei Cătălin Petre
- Research Center for Studies of Food Quality and Agricultural Products, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Mărăşti Blvb, 011464 Bucharest, Romania; (O.C.B.); (V.A.I.); (A.C.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Liliana Bădulescu
- Research Center for Studies of Food Quality and Agricultural Products, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Mărăşti Blvb, 011464 Bucharest, Romania; (O.C.B.); (V.A.I.); (A.C.P.); (L.B.)
| | - Ovidiu Ionut Geicu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 105 Blvd, Splaiul Independenței, 050097 Bucharest, Romania; (L.S.); (L.B.); (O.I.G.); (A.M.P.); (O.-M.G.)
| | - Aurelia Magdalena Pisoschi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 105 Blvd, Splaiul Independenței, 050097 Bucharest, Romania; (L.S.); (L.B.); (O.I.G.); (A.M.P.); (O.-M.G.)
| | - Andreea Iren Serban
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 105 Blvd, Splaiul Independenței, 050097 Bucharest, Romania; (L.S.); (L.B.); (O.I.G.); (A.M.P.); (O.-M.G.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Blvd, Splaiul Independenței, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana-Mărgărita Ghimpeteanu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 105 Blvd, Splaiul Independenței, 050097 Bucharest, Romania; (L.S.); (L.B.); (O.I.G.); (A.M.P.); (O.-M.G.)
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10
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Aydin M, Aydin NN, Laloğlu E. Evaluation of the relationship between YKL-40 level and clinical severity in patients with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Pathog Glob Health 2024:1-7. [PMID: 39140475 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2024.2392225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a widespread tick-borne viral disease. YKL-40 (also known as chitinase-3-like-1 protein) is an acute phase protein released by various immune cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between YKL-40 level and the clinical course and prognosis of CCHF. The study included 78 patients who were admitted to our hospital between April 15 and 30 August 2022 and had a positive polymerase chain reaction test result for CCHF. The patients were divided into two groups, severe and non-severe. In addition, a control group consisting of 22 healthy people was established. Mean serum YKL-40 levels were significantly higher in patients than controls (106.8 ng/mL ± 91.2 and 47.1 ng/mL ± 35.3, respectively; p < 0.001). However, mean YKL-40 levels were also significantly higher in patients with severe CCHF compared to non-severe cases (173.3 ± 112.3 and 67.5 ± 41.7, respectively; p < 0.001). A comparison of the 10 exitus patients and the 68 survivors revealed significantly higher YKL-40 levels in the exitus group (mean: 214.0 ± 139.0 and 92.8 ± 73.6, respectively; p = 0.001). A receiver operating characteristic analysis for YKL-40 levels to distinguish between severe and non-severe patients found an area under the curve of 0.925. YKL-40 levels were measured with a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 84% with a cutoff value of 90.7 ng/mL. YKL-40 levels measured at the time of hospital presentation in patients with CCHF can be used as a biomarker for clinical course and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Aydin
- Erzurum Regional Education and Research Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Nurten Nur Aydin
- Erzurum Regional Education and Research Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Esra Laloğlu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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11
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Levantovsky RM, Tastad C, Zhang J, Gettler K, Sabic K, Werner R, Chasteau C, Korie U, Paguay D, Bao M, Han H, Maskey N, Talware S, Patel M, Argmann C, Suarez-Farinas M, Harpaz N, Chuang LS, Cho JH. Multimodal single-cell analyses reveal mechanisms of perianal fistula in diverse patients with Crohn's disease. MED 2024; 5:886-908.e11. [PMID: 38663404 PMCID: PMC11317226 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2024.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn's disease complicated by perianal fistulae is more prevalent and severe in patients of African ancestry. METHODS We profiled single cells from diverse patients with Crohn's disease with perianal fistula from colorectal mucosa and fistulous tracts. Immunofluorescence was performed to validate predicted cell-cell interactions. Unstimulated monocytes were chronically cultured in diverse cohorts. A subset was analyzed by single-nucleus RNA + ATAC sequencing. FINDINGS Fistulous tract cells from complete proctectomies demonstrated enrichment of myeloid cells compared to paired rectal tissues. Ligand-receptor analysis highlights myeloid-stromal cross-talk and cellular senescence, with cellular co-localization validated by immunofluorescence. Chitinase-3 like-protein-1 (CHI3L1) is a top upregulated gene in stromal cells from fistulae expressing both destructive and fibrotic gene signatures. Monocyte cultures from patients of African ancestry and controls demonstrated differences in CHI3L1 and oncostatin M (OSM) expression upon differentiation compared to individuals of European ancestry. Activating protein-1 footprints are present in ATAC-seq peaks in stress response genes, including CHI3L1 and OSM; genome-wide chromatin accessibility including JUN footprints was observed, consistent with reported mechanisms of inflammatory memory. Regulon analyses confirm known cell-specific transcription factor regulation and implicate novel ones in fibroblast subsets. All pseudo-bulked clusters demonstrate enrichment of genetic loci, establishing multicellular contributions. In the most significant African American Crohn's genetic locus, upstream of prostaglandin E receptor 4, lymphoid-predominant ATAC-seq peaks were observed, with predicted RORC footprints. CONCLUSIONS Population differences in myeloid-stromal cross-talk implicate fibrotic and destructive fibroblasts, senescence, epigenetic memory, and cell-specific enhancers in perianal fistula pathogenesis. The transcriptomic and epigenetic data provided here may guide optimization of promising mesenchymal stem cell therapies for perianal fistula. FUNDING This work was supported by grants U01DK062422, U24DK062429, and R01DK123758.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Levantovsky
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Christopher Tastad
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kyle Gettler
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ksenija Sabic
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Robert Werner
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Colleen Chasteau
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ujunwa Korie
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Diana Paguay
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Michelle Bao
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Huajun Han
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Sayali Talware
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Manishkumar Patel
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Carmen Argmann
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mayte Suarez-Farinas
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Noam Harpaz
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ling-Shiang Chuang
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Judy H Cho
- Department of Pathology, Molecular, and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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12
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Lim JJ, Vining KH, Mooney DJ, Blencowe BJ. Matrix stiffness-dependent regulation of immunomodulatory genes in human MSCs is associated with the lncRNA CYTOR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2404146121. [PMID: 39074278 PMCID: PMC11317610 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2404146121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-matrix interactions in 3D environments significantly differ from those in 2D cultures. As such, mechanisms of mechanotransduction in 2D cultures are not necessarily applicable to cell-encapsulating hydrogels that resemble features of tissue architecture. Accordingly, the characterization of molecular pathways in 3D matrices is expected to uncover insights into how cells respond to their mechanical environment in physiological contexts, and potentially also inform hydrogel-based strategies in cell therapies. In this study, a bone marrow-mimetic hydrogel was employed to systematically investigate the stiffness-responsive transcriptome of mesenchymal stromal cells. High matrix rigidity impeded integrin-collagen adhesion, resulting in changes in cell morphology characterized by a contractile network of actin proximal to the cell membrane. This resulted in a suppression of extracellular matrix-regulatory genes involved in the remodeling of collagen fibrils, as well as the upregulation of secreted immunomodulatory factors. Moreover, an investigation of long noncoding RNAs revealed that the cytoskeleton regulator RNA (CYTOR) contributes to these 3D stiffness-driven changes in gene expression. Knockdown of CYTOR using antisense oligonucleotides enhanced the expression of numerous mechanoresponsive cytokines and chemokines to levels exceeding those achievable by modulating matrix stiffness alone. Taken together, our findings further our understanding of mechanisms of mechanotransduction that are distinct from canonical mechanotransductive pathways observed in 2D cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin J. Lim
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S1A8, Canada
| | - Kyle H. Vining
- Department of Preventative and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - David J. Mooney
- Department of Bioengineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Benjamin J. Blencowe
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S1A8, Canada
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13
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Liu Z, Fan H, Liu X, Liu C. Angiogenesis related genes based prognostic model of glioma patients developed by multi-omics approach. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:296. [PMID: 39033204 PMCID: PMC11264614 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioma, particularly glioblastoma (GBM), is a highly malignant brain tumor with poor prognosis despite current therapeutic approaches. The tumor microenvironment (TME), plays a crucial role in glioma progression by promoting invasion and drug resistance. Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is a tightly regulated process involving endothelial cell activation, proliferation, and migration. In cancer, angiogenesis becomes dysregulated, leading to excessive blood vessel formation. METHODS We enrolled bulk data of TCGA-LGG/GBM, CGGA-693, and CGGA-325 cohorts, scRNA data of GSE162631, GSE84465, and GSE138794 cohorts. Identification of malignant cells was conducted by "copycat" R package. The "AUCell" R package scored the activity of target gene set of each single cell. Consensus clustering was applied using the "ConsensusClusterPlus" R package, while tumor-infiltrating immune cells were determined using "IOBR" R package. To construct a prognostic model, we used LASSO and multiCOX algorithms based on the expression levels of the 15 hub genes, the efficacy of which was verified by KM and ROC analysis. RESULTS We identified 4 different malignant cell subclusters in glioma and disclosed their distinct gene expression patterns and interactions within TME. We identified differentially expressed immune-related genes (DE-ARGs) in glioma and found 15 genes that were specifically expressed in the malignant glioma cell populations. Glioma cells with higher expression of these DE-ARGs were associated with gliogenesis, glial cell development, and vasculature development. We found that tumor-infiltrating monocytes were the main interacting cell type within glioma TME. Using the expression patterns of the 15 screened DE-ARGs, we categorized glioma samples into 2 molecular clusters with distinct immune features, suggesting a possible relationship between angiogenesis and immune activation and recruitment. We constructed a prognostic model based on the expression levels of the 15 DE-ARGs and evaluated its predictive ability for glioma patient outcomes, which displayed exceedingly high efficacy. CONCLUSION We characterized different malignant cell subclusters in glioma and investigate their gene expression patterns and interactions within TME. We constructed a prognostic model based on the expression levels of the 15 DE-ARGs and evaluated its predictive ability for glioma patient outcomes, which displayed exceedingly high efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Zhuzhou, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Hongjun Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Zhuzhou, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - XuKai Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Zhuzhou, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central Hospital of Zhuzhou, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China.
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14
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Gao Y, Xu SM, Cheng Y, Takenaka K, Lindner G, Janitz M. Investigation of the Circular Transcriptome in Alzheimer's Disease Brain. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:64. [PMID: 38981928 PMCID: PMC11233389 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-024-02236-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a subclass of non-coding RNAs which have demonstrated potential as biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we conducted a comprehensive exploration of the circRNA transcriptome within AD brain tissues. Specifically, we assessed circRNA expression patterns in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex collected from nine AD-afflicted individuals and eight healthy controls. Utilising two circRNA detection tools, CIRI2 and CIRCexplorer2, we detected thousands of circRNAs and performed a differential expression analysis. CircRNAs which exhibited statistically significantly differential expression were identified as AD-specific differentially expressed circRNAs. Notably, our investigation revealed 120 circRNAs with significant upregulation and 1325 circRNAs displaying significant downregulation in AD brains when compared to healthy brain tissue. Additionally, we explored the expression profiles of the linear RNA counterparts corresponding to differentially expressed circRNAs in AD-afflicted brains and discovered that the linear RNA counterparts exhibited no significant changes in the levels of expression. We used CRAFT tool to predict that circUBE4B had potential to target miRNA named as hsa-miR-325-5p, ultimately regulated CD44 gene. This study provides a comprehensive overview of differentially expressed circRNAs in the context of AD brains, underscoring their potential as molecular biomarkers for AD. These findings significantly enhance our comprehension of AD's underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, offering promising avenues for future diagnostic and therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Gao
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Si-Mei Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yuning Cheng
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Konii Takenaka
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Grace Lindner
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Janitz
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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15
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Gambella A, Senetta R, Falco EC, Ricci AA, Mangherini L, Tampieri C, Fissore J, Orlando G, Manetta T, Mengozzi G, Mistrangelo M, Bertero L, Cassoni P. Prognostic and predictive role of YKL-40 in anal squamous cell carcinoma: a serological and tissue-based analysis in a multicentric cohort. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1372195. [PMID: 39045410 PMCID: PMC11263350 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1372195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASC) is a rare gastrointestinal malignancy showing an increased incidence over the past decades. YKL-40 is an immune modulator and pro-angiogenetic factor that showed a promising prognostic and predictive potential in several malignancies, but limited data are available for ASC. This study aims to provide an extensive evaluation of the prognostic and predictive role of YKL-40 in a multicenter cohort of ASC patients. Methods We retrospectively retrieved 72 consecutive cases of ASC diagnosed between February 2011 and March 2021. Both serum and tissue protein expression of YKL-40 were assessed, the latter in ASC tumor cells and peritumor immune cells. Results Increased YKL-40 serum levels at the time of diagnosis were associated with older age (p = 0.035), presence of cardiovascular/metabolic comorbidities (p = 0.007), and death for any cause (p = 0.011). In addition, high serum levels of YKL-40 were associated with a poor prognosis (HR: 2.82, 95% CI: 1.01-7.84; p = 0.047). Protein expression of YKL-40 in ASC tumor cells was significantly associated with low tumor grade (p = 0.031), while the increased expression in peritumor immune cells was associated with a worse response of patients to chemoradiotherapy (p = 0.007). However, YKL-40 protein expression in ASC tumor cells or peritumor immune cells did not significantly impact patient overall survival. Discussion In conclusion, YKL-40 resulted a relevant prognostic (serum level) and predictive (tissue protein expression in peritumor immune cells) biomarker and can considerably improve ASC patient clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Gambella
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Rebecca Senetta
- Pathology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Andrea Ricci
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Mangherini
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristian Tampieri
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Jessica Fissore
- Pathology Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Orlando
- Pathology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Tilde Manetta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulio Mengozzi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Luca Bertero
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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16
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Xu J, Zhang Y, Zhu L, Tang S, Xu H, Zhang D, Chen H, Zhou J. Non-Invasive Monitoring of the Impact of Low-Level Viremia on Liver Fibrosis in Treated Chronic Hepatitis B Patients. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:2751-2758. [PMID: 38974312 PMCID: PMC11227854 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s463843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) presents a global health challenge due to its potential to cause severe liver conditions such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cirrhosis. Prior research has established a correlation between CHB infection with low-level viremia (LLV) and liver disease progression, such as increased HCC incidence. This study aims to investigate whether LLV during treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) contributes to the accelerated progression of liver fibrosis (LF). Methods This retrospective cohort study at Jinhua Central Hospital focused on CHB patients undergone NA monotherapy for over 96 weeks. Patients were categorized into maintained virological response (MVR) and LLV groups based on hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels. The study assessed LF using various markers and methods, including chitinase 3-like 1 protein (CHI3L1), aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score, and transient elastography. Results Analysis was conducted on 92 CHB patients, categorized into LLV (n=42) and MVR (n=50) groups, following the exclusion of 101 patients for various reasons. Significant findings included lower baseline HBV DNA in MVR (<20 IU/mL) compared to LLV (67.8 IU/mL, P<0.001) and different AST/ALT ratios (LLV: 1.1, MVR: 1.36, P=0.011). LF was assessed using CHI3L1, FIB-4, and APRI, with LLV showing a higher baseline CHI3L1 (LLV:83.3 ng/mL vs MVR: 54.5 ng/mL, P=0.016) and scores compared to MVR, indicative of fibrosis. CHI3L1 levels in LLV were higher at baseline and weeks 48, 72, and 96 than MVR, with significance at baseline (P=0.038) and week 48 (P=0.034). Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) showed a time-dependent decline in both groups but no significant intergroup differences. Conclusion Non-invasive monitoring of CHB patients who have received treatment indicates that LLV contributes to the progression of LF, necessitating proactive adjustment of antiviral treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxian Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University Medical College Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University Medical College Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lujian Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University Medical College Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyue Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University Medical College Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanglu Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University Medical College Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dehe Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University Medical College Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haijun Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University Medical College Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University Medical College Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Jinhua, People’s Republic of China
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Ospina OE, Manjarres-Betancur R, Gonzalez-Calderon G, Soupir AC, Smalley I, Tsai K, Markowitz J, Vallebuona E, Berglund A, Eschrich S, Yu X, Fridley BL. spatialGE: A user-friendly web application to democratize spatial transcriptomics analysis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.27.601050. [PMID: 39005315 PMCID: PMC11244876 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.27.601050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Spatial transcriptomics (ST) is a powerful tool for understanding tissue biology and disease mechanisms. However, its potential is often underutilized due to the advanced data analysis and programming skills required. To address this, we present spatialGE, a web application that simplifies the analysis of ST data. The application spatialGE provides a user-friendly interface that guides users without programming expertise through various analysis pipelines, including quality control, normalization, domain detection, phenotyping, and multiple spatial analyses. It also enables comparative analysis among samples and supports various ST technologies. We demonstrate the utility of spatialGE through its application in studying the tumor microenvironment of melanoma brain metastasis and Merkel cell carcinoma. Our results highlight the ability of spatialGE to identify spatial gene expression patterns and enrichments, providing valuable insights into the tumor microenvironment and its utility in democratizing ST data analysis for the wider scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar E. Ospina
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Alex C. Soupir
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Inna Smalley
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kenneth Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Joseph Markowitz
- Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ethan Vallebuona
- Department of Metabolism and Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Anders Berglund
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Steven Eschrich
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Brooke L. Fridley
- Division of Health Services and Outcomes Research, Children’s Mercy, Kansas City, MO, USA
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18
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Su PC, Chen CY, Yu MH, Kuo IY, Yang PS, Hsu CH, Hou YC, Hsieh HT, Chang CP, Shan YS, Wang YC. Fully human chitinase-3 like-1 monoclonal antibody inhibits tumor growth, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and immune cell remodeling in lung, pancreatic, and colorectal cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116825. [PMID: 38820971 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Considering the limited efficacy of current therapies in lung, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers, innovative combination treatments with diverse mechanisms of action are needed to improve patients' outcomes. Chitinase-3 like-1 protein (CHI3L1) emerges as a versatile factor with significant implications in various diseases, particularly cancers, fostering an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment for cancer progression. Therefore, pre-clinical validation is imperative to fully realize its potential in cancer treatment. We developed phage display-derived fully human monoclonal CHI3L1 neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and verified the nAbs-antigen binding affinity and specificity in lung, pancreatic and colorectal cancer cell lines. Tumor growth signals, proliferation and migration ability were all reduced by CHI3L1 nAbs in vitro. Orthotopic or subcutaneous tumor mice model and humanized mouse model were established for characterizing the anti-tumor properties of two CHI3L1 nAb leads. Importantly, CHI3L1 nAbs not only inhibited tumor growth but also mitigated fibrosis, angiogenesis, and restored immunostimulatory functions of immune cells in pancreatic, lung, and colorectal tumor mice models. Mechanistically, CHI3L1 nAbs directly suppressed the activation of pancreatic stellate cells and the transformation of macrophages into myofibroblasts, thereby attenuating fibrosis. These findings strongly support the therapeutic potential of CHI3L1 nAbs in overcoming clinical challenges, including the failure of gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chia Su
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hua Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - I-Ying Kuo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Shan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsuan Hsu
- AP Biosciences, Inc, No. 508, Sec. 7, Zhongxiao E. Rd, Taipei 115011, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chin Hou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.138, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70403, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.138, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ta Hsieh
- AP Biosciences, Inc, No. 508, Sec. 7, Zhongxiao E. Rd, Taipei 115011, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Peng Chang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Shen Shan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.138, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70403, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.138, Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 70403, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ching Wang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No.1, Ta-Hsueh Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
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Li D, Fan G, Zhou Y. Chitinase 3 like-1 activates the Akt pathway, inducing NF-κB-dependent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promoting the proliferative ability in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Cytokine 2024; 179:156631. [PMID: 38710115 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitinase 3 like-1 (CHI3L1) has been reported to function as an oncogene in many types of cancer. However, the biological function of CHI3L1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unknown. METHODS Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in NPC tissues in GSE64634 and GSE12452 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). CHI3L1, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) mRNA expression was examined by qRT-PCR. Cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK-8 and EdU incorporation assays. Western blot analysis was used to measure the changes of CHI3L1, nuclear factor-κappaB (NF-κB), and protein kinase B (Akt) pathways. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed using DAVID database. RESULTS We identified 3 overlapping DEGs using Draw Venn diagram, among which CHI3L1 was chosen for the following analyses. CHI3L1 was upregulated in NPC tissues and cells. CHI3L1 silencing suppressed inflammatory response by inactivating the NF-κB pathway and inhibited cell proliferation in NPC cells. On the contrary, CHI3L1 overexpression induced inflammatory response by activating the NF-κB pathway and promoted cell proliferation in NPC cells. According to GO and KEGG analyses, CHI3L1 positive regulates Akt signaling and is enriched in the PI3K-Akt pathway. CHI3L1 knockdown inhibited the Akt pathway, and CHI3L1 overexpression activated the Akt pathway in NPC cells. Akt overexpression abolished the effects of CHI3L1 knockdown on inflammatory response, NF-κB pathway, and proliferation in NPC cells. On the contrary, Akt knockdown abolished the effects of CHI3L1 overexpression on inflammatory response, NF-κB pathway, and proliferation in NPC cells. CONCLUSION CHI3L1 knockdown inhibited NF-κB-dependent inflammatory response and promoting proliferation in NPC cells by inactivating the Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajun Li
- Department of ENT, Nanyang First People's Hospital, Nanyang, China.
| | - Gai Fan
- Department of ENT, Nanyang First People's Hospital, Nanyang, China
| | - Yeqi Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, Huai'an, China
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20
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Yu H, Wang Z, Zhu B, Jia Z, Luo J, Han X, Chen H, Shao R. A humanized Anti-YKL-40 antibody inhibits tumor development. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116335. [PMID: 38824968 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Drugs specifically targeting YKL-40, an over-expressed gene (CHI3L1) in various diseases remain developed. The current study is to create a humanized anti-YKL-40 neutralizing antibody and characterize its potentially therapeutic signature. We utilized in silico CDR-grafting bioinformatics to replace the complementarity determining regions (CDRs) of human IgG1 with mouse CDRs of our previously established anti-YKL-40 antibody (mAY). In fifteen candidates (VL1-3/VH1-5) of heavy and light chain variable region combination, one antibody L3H4 named Rosazumab demonstrated strong binding affinity with YKL-40 (KD = 4.645 × 10-8 M) and high homology with human IgG (80 %). In addition, we established different overlapping amino acid peptides of YKL-40 and found that Rosazumab specifically bound to residues K337, K342, and R344, the KR-rich functional domain of YKL-40. Rosazumab inhibited migration and tube formation of YKL-40-expressing tumor cells and induced tumor cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, Rosazumab induced interaction of N-cadherin with β-catenin and activation of downstream MST1/RASSF1/Histone H2B axis, leading to chromosomal DNA breakage and cell apoptosis. Treatment of xenografted tumor mice with Rosazumab twice a week for 4 weeks inhibited tumor growth and angiogenesis, but induced tumor apoptosis. Rosazumab injected in mice distributed to blood, tumor, and other multiple organs, but did not impact in function or structure of liver and kidney, indicating non-detectable toxicity in vivo. Collectively, the study is the first one to demonstrate that a humanized YKL-40 neutralizing antibody offers a valuable means to block tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihui Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Bowen Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ziheng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Rong Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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21
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Esparza-Díaz JDT, Gamez-Nava JI, Gonzalez-Lopez L, Saldaña-Cruz AM, Machado-Sulbaran AC, Beltrán-Ramírez A, Guillén-Medina MR, Flores-Vargas AG, Pérez-Guerrero EE. Elevated Serum Levels of YKL-40, YKL-39, and SI-CLP in Patients with Treatment Failure to DMARDs in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1406. [PMID: 39061980 PMCID: PMC11274319 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Around 30-60% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) present treatment failure to conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs). Chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) (YKL-40, YKL-39, SI-CLP) might play a role, as they are associated with the inflammatory process. This study aimed to evaluate CLP utility as a biomarker in the treatment failure of csDMARDs. A case-control study included 175 RA patients classified into two groups based on therapeutic response according to DAS28-ESR: responders (DAS28 < 3.2); non-responders (DAS28 ≥ 3.2). CLP serum levels were determined by ELISA. Multivariable logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate CLPs' utility as biomarkers of treatment failure. Non-responders presented higher levels of YKL-40, YKL-39, and SI-CLP compared with responders (all: p < 0.001). YKL-40 correlated positively with YKL-39 (rho = 0.39, p < 0.001) and SI-CLP (rho = 0.23, p = 0.011) and YKL-39 with SI-CLP (rho = 0.34, p < 0.001). The addition of CLPs to the regression models improves diagnostic accuracy (AUC 0.918) compared to models including only clinical classical variables (AUC 0.806) p < 0.001. Non-responders were positive for all CLPs in 35.86%. Conclusions: CLPs could be considered as a useful biomarker to assess treatment failure, due to their association with clinical variables and improvement to the performance of regression models.
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Affiliation(s)
- José David Tadeo Esparza-Díaz
- Doctorado en Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (J.D.T.E.-D.); (J.I.G.-N.); (L.G.-L.); (A.M.S.-C.); (M.R.G.-M.); (A.G.F.-V.)
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Jorge Ivan Gamez-Nava
- Doctorado en Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (J.D.T.E.-D.); (J.I.G.-N.); (L.G.-L.); (A.M.S.-C.); (M.R.G.-M.); (A.G.F.-V.)
- Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Laura Gonzalez-Lopez
- Doctorado en Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (J.D.T.E.-D.); (J.I.G.-N.); (L.G.-L.); (A.M.S.-C.); (M.R.G.-M.); (A.G.F.-V.)
- Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ana Miriam Saldaña-Cruz
- Doctorado en Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (J.D.T.E.-D.); (J.I.G.-N.); (L.G.-L.); (A.M.S.-C.); (M.R.G.-M.); (A.G.F.-V.)
- Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Andrea Carolina Machado-Sulbaran
- Instituto de Investigación en Cáncer en la Infancia y Adolescencia, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Alberto Beltrán-Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
- Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Miryam Rosario Guillén-Medina
- Doctorado en Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (J.D.T.E.-D.); (J.I.G.-N.); (L.G.-L.); (A.M.S.-C.); (M.R.G.-M.); (A.G.F.-V.)
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Ana Gabriela Flores-Vargas
- Doctorado en Farmacología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (J.D.T.E.-D.); (J.I.G.-N.); (L.G.-L.); (A.M.S.-C.); (M.R.G.-M.); (A.G.F.-V.)
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Edsaúl Emilio Pérez-Guerrero
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico;
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Tighe RM, Birukova A, Malakhau Y, Kobayashi Y, Vose AT, Chandramohan V, Cyphert-Daly JM, Cumming RI, Fradin Kirshner H, Tata PR, Ingram JL, Gunn MD, Que LG, Yu YRA. Altered ontogeny and transcriptomic signatures of tissue-resident pulmonary interstitial macrophages ameliorate allergic airway hyperresponsiveness. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1371764. [PMID: 38983858 PMCID: PMC11231371 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1371764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Environmental exposures and experimental manipulations can alter the ontogenetic composition of tissue-resident macrophages. However, the impact of these alterations on subsequent immune responses, particularly in allergic airway diseases, remains poorly understood. This study aims to elucidate the significance of modified macrophage ontogeny resulting from environmental exposures on allergic airway responses to house dust mite (HDM) allergen. Methods We utilized embryonic lineage labeling to delineate the ontogenetic profile of tissue-resident macrophages at baseline and following the resolution of repeated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury. We investigated differences in house dust mite (HDM)-induced allergy to assess the influence of macrophage ontogeny on allergic airway responses. Additionally, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and immunofluorescent staining to characterize the pulmonary macrophage composition, associated pathways, and tissue localization. Results Our findings demonstrate that the ontogeny of homeostatic alveolar and interstitial macrophages is altered after the resolution from repeated LPS-induced lung injury, leading to the replacement of embryonic-derived by bone marrow-derived macrophages. This shift in macrophage ontogeny is associated with reduced HDM-induced allergic airway responses. Through scRNAseq and immunofluorescent staining, we identified a distinct subset of resident-derived interstitial macrophages expressing genes associated with allergic airway diseases, localized adjacent to terminal bronchi, and diminished by prior LPS exposure. Discussion These results suggest a pivotal role for pulmonary macrophage ontogeny in modulating allergic airway responses. Moreover, our findings highlight the implications of prior environmental exposures in shaping future immune responses and influencing the development of allergies. By elucidating the mechanisms underlying these phenomena, this study provides valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets for allergic airway diseases and avenues for further research into immune modulation and allergic disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M. Tighe
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Yuryi Malakhau
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yoshihiko Kobayashi
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Aaron T. Vose
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | | | - R. Ian Cumming
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | | | | | - Michael D. Gunn
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Loretta G. Que
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Yen-Rei A. Yu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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Schröder V, Gherghel D, Apetroaei MR, Gîjiu CL, Isopescu R, Dinculescu D, Apetroaei MM, Enache LE, Mihai CT, Rău I, Vochița G. α-Chitosan and β-Oligochitosan Mixtures-Based Formula for In Vitro Assessment of Melanocyte Cells Response. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6768. [PMID: 38928474 PMCID: PMC11204147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a natural polymer with numerous biomedical applications. The cellular activity of chitosan has been studied in various types of cancer, including melanoma, and indicates that these molecules can open new perspectives on antiproliferative action and anticancer therapy. This study analyzes how different chitosan conformations, such as α-chitosan (CH) or β-oligochitosan (CO), with various degrees of deacetylation (DDA) and molar mass (MM), both in different concentrations and in CH-CO mixtures, influence the cellular processes of SK-MEL-28 melanocytes, to estimate the reactivity of these cells to the applied treatments. The in vitro evaluation was carried out, aiming at the cellular metabolism (MTT assay), cellular morphology, and chitinase-like glycoprotein YKL-40 expression. The in vitro effect of the CH-CO mixture application on melanocytes is obvious at low concentrations of α-chitosan/β-oligochitosan (1:2 ratio), with the cell's response supporting the hypothesis that β-oligo-chitosan amplifies the effect. This oligochitosan mixture, favored by the β conformation and its small size, penetrates faster into the cells, being more reactive when interacting with some cellular components. Morphological effects expressed by the loss of cell adhesion and the depletion of YKL-40 synthesis are significant responses of melanocytes. β-oligochitosan (1.5 kDa) induces an extension of cytophysiological effects and limits the cell viability compared to α-chitosan (400-900 kDa). Statistical analysis using multivariate techniques showed differences between the CH samples and CH-CO mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verginica Schröder
- Departament of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ovidius University of Constanta, 6 Capt. Aviator Al. Șerbănescu Street, Campus C, 900470 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Daniela Gherghel
- Institute of Biological Research Iasi, Branch of NIRDBS—National Institute of Research and Development of Biological Sciences Bucharest, 47 Lascar Catargi, 700107 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Manuela Rossemary Apetroaei
- Department of Marine Electric and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Marine Engineering, Mircea cel Batran Naval Academy, 1 Fulgerului Street, 900218 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Cristiana Luminița Gîjiu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (C.L.G.); (R.I.); (L.E.E.); (I.R.)
| | - Raluca Isopescu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (C.L.G.); (R.I.); (L.E.E.); (I.R.)
| | - Daniel Dinculescu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (C.L.G.); (R.I.); (L.E.E.); (I.R.)
| | - Miruna-Maria Apetroaei
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Laura Elena Enache
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (C.L.G.); (R.I.); (L.E.E.); (I.R.)
| | | | - Ileana Rău
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (C.L.G.); (R.I.); (L.E.E.); (I.R.)
| | - Gabriela Vochița
- Institute of Biological Research Iasi, Branch of NIRDBS—National Institute of Research and Development of Biological Sciences Bucharest, 47 Lascar Catargi, 700107 Iasi, Romania;
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24
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Wang Y, Zhong F, Xiao F, Li J, Liu X, Ni G, Wang T, Zhang W. Host-defence caerin 1.1 and 1.9 peptides suppress glioblastoma U87 and U118 cell proliferation through the modulation of mitochondrial respiration and induce the downregulation of CHI3L1. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304149. [PMID: 38848430 PMCID: PMC11161062 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, the most aggressive form of brain cancer, poses a significant global health challenge with a considerable mortality rate. With the predicted increase in glioblastoma incidence, there is an urgent need for more effective treatment strategies. In this study, we explore the potential of caerin 1.1 and 1.9, host defence peptides derived from an Australian tree frog, in inhibiting glioblastoma U87 and U118 cell growth. Our findings demonstrate the inhibitory impact of caerin 1.1 and 1.9 on cell growth through CCK8 assays. Additionally, these peptides effectively curtail the migration of glioblastoma cells in a cell scratch assay, exhibiting varying inhibitory effects among different cell lines. Notably, the peptides hinder the G0/S phase replication in both U87 and U118 cells, pointing to their impact on the cell cycle. Furthermore, caerin 1.1 and 1.9 show the ability to enter the cytoplasm of glioblastoma cells, influencing the morphology of mitochondria. Proteomics experiments reveal intriguing insights, with a decrease in CHI3L1 expression and an increase in PZP and JUNB expression after peptide treatment. These proteins play roles in cell energy metabolism and inflammatory response, suggesting a multifaceted impact on glioblastoma cells. In conclusion, our study underscores the substantial anticancer potential of caerin 1.1 and 1.9 against glioblastoma cells. These findings propose the peptides as promising candidates for further exploration in the realm of glioblastoma management, offering new avenues for developing effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Furong Zhong
- The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhongˈao Biomedical Technology (Guangdong) Co., Ltd, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengyun Xiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhongˈao Biomedical Technology (Guangdong) Co., Ltd, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaosong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhongˈao Biomedical Technology (Guangdong) Co., Ltd, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
- Cancer Research Institute, First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoying Ni
- The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhongˈao Biomedical Technology (Guangdong) Co., Ltd, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
- Cancer Research Institute, First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianfang Wang
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore BC, QLD, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore BC, QLD, Australia
| | - Wei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital/Clinical Medical School, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
- Cancer Research Institute, First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy for Pituitary Disease, Guangzhou, China
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25
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Edwards TS, Day AS. The role of fecal biomarkers in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2024; 24:497-508. [PMID: 38995110 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2375224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), is a relapsing and remitting condition. Noninvasive biomarkers have an increasingly important role in the diagnosis of IBD and in the prediction of future disease course in individuals with IBD. Strategies for the management of IBD increasingly rely upon close monitoring of gastrointestinal inflammation. AREAS COVERED This review provides an update on the current understanding of established and novel stool-based biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of IBD. It also highlights key gaps, identifies limitations, and advantages of current markers, and examines aspects that require further study and analysis. EXPERT OPINION Current noninvasive inflammatory markers play an important role in the diagnosis and management of IBD; however, limitations exist. Future work is required to further characterize and validate current and novel markers of inflammation. In addition, it is essential to better understand the roles and characteristics of noninvasive markers to enable the appropriate selection to accurately determine the condition of the intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teagan S Edwards
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Andrew S Day
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
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26
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Galván GC, Macias E, Sanders S, Ramirez-Torres A, Stock S, You S, Riera CE, Tamukong P, Smith-Warner SA, Genkinger JM, Luthringer DJ, Freeman MR, Freedland SJ. The effects of glycemic index on prostate cancer progression in a xenograft mouse model. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2024; 27:348-354. [PMID: 38082056 PMCID: PMC11096094 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-023-00769-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we found low-carbohydrate diets slowed prostate cancer (PC) growth and increased survival vs. a Western diet in mice, by inhibiting the insulin/IGF-1 axis. Thus, we tested whether modifying carbohydrate quality to lower glycemic index (GI) without changing quantity results in similar benefits as with reduced quantity. METHODS Male SCID mice injected with LAPC-4 cells were single-housed and randomized when their tumors reached 200 mm3 on average to a LoGI (48% carbohydrate kcal, from Hylon-VII) or HiGI Western diet (48% carbohydrate kcal, from sucrose). Body weight and tumor volume were measured weekly. Body composition was assessed 35 days after randomization. Blood glucose and serum insulin, IGF-1 and IGFBP3 were measured at study end when tumor volumes reached 800 mm3. We analyzed gene expression of mice tumors by RNA-sequencing and human tumors using the Prostate Cancer Transcriptome Atlas. RESULTS There were no significant differences in tumor volume (P > 0.05), tumor proliferation (P = 0.29), and overall survival (P = 0.15) between groups. At 35 days after randomization, the LoGI group had 30% lower body fat (P = 0.007) despite similar body weight (P = 0.58). At sacrifice, LoGI mice had smaller livers (P < 0.001) and lower glucose (P = 0.15), insulin (P = 0.11), IGF-1 (P = 0.07) and IGF-1:IGFBP3 ratio (P = 0.05), and higher IGFBP3 (P = 0.09) vs. HiGI, although none of these metabolic differences reached statistical significance. We observed differential gene expression and pathway enrichment in mice tumors by diet. The most upregulated and downregulated gene in the LoGI group showed expression patterns more closely resembling expression in human benign prostate tissue vs. PC. CONCLUSIONS In this single mouse xenograft model, consuming a low GI diet did not delay PC growth or survival vs. a high GI diet despite suggestions of decreased activation of the insulin/IGF-1 pathway. These data suggest that improving carbohydrate quality alone while consuming a high carbohydrate diet may not effectively slow PC growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Everardo Macias
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sergio Sanders
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Shannon Stock
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Urology Section, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sungyong You
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Computational Biomedicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Celine E Riera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Tamukong
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie A Smith-Warner
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeanine M Genkinger
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Michael R Freeman
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen J Freedland
- Department of Urology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Urology Section, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, NC, USA.
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27
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Moreno-Corona NC, de León-Bautista MP, León-Juárez M, Hernández-Flores A, Barragán-Gálvez JC, López-Ortega O. Rab GTPases, Active Members in Antigen-Presenting Cells, and T Lymphocytes. Traffic 2024; 25:e12950. [PMID: 38923715 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Processes such as cell migration, phagocytosis, endocytosis, and exocytosis refer to the intense exchange of information between the internal and external environment in the cells, known as vesicular trafficking. In eukaryotic cells, these essential cellular crosstalks are controlled by Rab GTPases proteins through diverse adaptor proteins like SNAREs complex, coat proteins, phospholipids, kinases, phosphatases, molecular motors, actin, or tubulin cytoskeleton, among others, all necessary for appropriate mobilization of vesicles and distribution of molecules. Considering these molecular events, Rab GTPases are critical components in specific biological processes of immune cells, and many reports refer primarily to macrophages; therefore, in this review, we address specific functions in immune cells, concretely in the mechanism by which the GTPase contributes in dendritic cells (DCs) and, T/B lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mercedes Piedad de León-Bautista
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Vasco de Quiroga, Morelia, Mexico
- Human Health, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Genómica (INEX LAB), Morelia, Mexico
| | - Moises León-Juárez
- Laboratorio de Virología Perinatal y Diseño Molecular de Antígenos y Biomarcadores, Departamento de Inmunobioquimica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Juan Carlos Barragán-Gálvez
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Orestes López-Ortega
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institute Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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28
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Suzuki K, Okawa K, Ohkura M, Kanaizumi T, Kobayashi T, Takahashi K, Takei H, Otsuka M, Tabata E, Bauer PO, Oyama F. Evolutionary insights into sequence modifications governing chitin recognition and chitinase inactivity in YKL-40 (HC-gp39, CHI3L1). J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107365. [PMID: 38750795 PMCID: PMC11190707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
YKL-40, also known as human cartilage glycoprotein-39 (HC-gp39) or CHI3L1, shares structural similarities with chitotriosidase (CHIT1), an active chitinase, but lacks chitinase activity. Despite being a biomarker for inflammatory disorders and cancer, the reasons for YKL-40's inert chitinase function have remained elusive. This study reveals that the loss of chitinase activity in YKL-40 has risen from multiple sequence modifications influencing its chitin affinity. Contrary to the common belief associating the lack of chitinase activity with amino acid substitutions in the catalytic motif, attempts to activate YKL-40 by creating two amino acid mutations in the catalytic motif (MT-YKL-40) proved ineffective. Subsequent exploration that included creating chimeras of MT-YKL-40 and CHIT1 catalytic domains (CatDs) identified key exons responsible for YKL-40 inactivation. Introducing YKL-40 exons 3, 6, or 8 into CHIT1 CatD resulted in chitinase inactivation. Conversely, incorporating CHIT1 exons 3, 6, and 8 into MT-YKL-40 led to its activation. Our recombinant proteins exhibited properly formed disulfide bonds, affirming a defined structure in active molecules. Biochemical and evolutionary analysis indicated that the reduced chitinase activity of MT-YKL-40 correlates with specific amino acids in exon 3. M61I and T69W substitutions in CHIT1 CatD diminished chitinase activity and increased chitin binding. Conversely, substituting I61 with M and W69 with T in MT-YKL-40 triggered chitinase activity while reducing the chitin-binding activity. Thus, W69 plays a crucial role in a unique subsite within YKL-40. These findings emphasize that YKL-40, though retaining the structural framework of a mammalian chitinase, has evolved to recognize chitin while surrendering chitinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Okawa
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Ohkura
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kanaizumi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaki Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koro Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromu Takei
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Momo Otsuka
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Tabata
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (PD), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Fumitaka Oyama
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.
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29
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Nieuwenhuis TO, Giles HH, Arking JVA, Patil AH, Shi W, McCall MN, Halushka MK. Patterns of Unwanted Biological and Technical Expression Variation Among 49 Human Tissues. J Transl Med 2024; 104:102069. [PMID: 38670317 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2024.102069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue gene expression studies are impacted by biological and technical sources of variation, which can be broadly classified into wanted and unwanted variation. The latter, if not addressed, results in misleading biological conclusions. Methods have been proposed to reduce unwanted variation, such as normalization and batch correction. A more accurate understanding of all causes of variation could significantly improve the ability of these methods to remove unwanted variation while retaining variation corresponding to the biological question of interest. We used 17,282 samples from 49 human tissues in the Genotype-Tissue Expression data set (v8) to investigate patterns and causes of expression variation. Transcript expression was transformed to z-scores, and only the most variable 2% of transcripts were evaluated and clustered based on coexpression patterns. Clustered gene sets were assigned to different biological or technical causes based on histologic appearances and metadata elements. We identified 522 variable transcript clusters (median: 11 per tissue) among the samples. Of these, 63% were confidently explained, 16% were likely explained, 7% were low confidence explanations, and 14% had no clear cause. Histologic analysis annotated 46 clusters. Other common causes of variability included sex, sequencing contamination, immunoglobulin diversity, and compositional tissue differences. Less common biological causes included death interval (Hardy score), disease status, and age. Technical causes included blood draw timing and harvesting differences. Many of the causes of variation in bulk tissue expression were identifiable in the Tabula Sapiens data set of single-cell expression. This is among the largest explorations of the underlying sources of tissue expression variation. It uncovered expected and unexpected causes of variable gene expression and demonstrated the utility of matched histologic specimens. It further demonstrated the value of acquiring meaningful tissue harvesting metadata elements to use for improved normalization, batch correction, and analysis of both bulk and single-cell RNA-seq data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim O Nieuwenhuis
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; McKusick-Nathans Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hunter H Giles
- McKusick-Nathans Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jeremy V A Arking
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Arun H Patil
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wen Shi
- McKusick-Nathans Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Matthew N McCall
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Marc K Halushka
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
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30
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Prasad RR, Mishra N, Kant R, Fox JT, Shoemaker RH, Agarwal C, Raina K, Agarwal R. Effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (aspirin and naproxen) on inflammation-associated proteomic profiles in mouse plasma and prostate during TMPRSS2-ERG (fusion)-driven prostate carcinogenesis. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:1188-1204. [PMID: 38506376 PMCID: PMC11096027 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Recent preclinical studies have shown that the intake of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) aspirin and naproxen could be an effective intervention strategy against TMPRSS2-ERG fusion-driven prostate tumorigenesis. Herein, as a follow-up mechanistic study, employing TMPRSS2-ERG (fusion) positive tumors and plasma from TMPRSS2-ERG. Ptenflox/flox mice, we profiled the stage specific proteomic changes (focused on inflammatory circulating and prostate tissue/tumor-specific cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors/growth signaling-associated molecules) that contribute to prostate cancer (PCa) growth and progression in the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion-driven mouse model of tumorigenesis. In addition, the association of the protective effects of NSAIDs (aspirin 1400 ppm and naproxen 400 ppm) with the modulation of these specific molecular pathways was determined. A sandwich Elisa based membrane array-proteome profiler identifying 111 distinct signaling molecules was employed. Overall, the plasma and prostate tissue sample analyses identified 54 significant and differentially expressed cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors/growth signaling-associated molecules between PCa afflicted mice (TMPRSS2-ERG. Ptenflox/flox, age-matched noncancerous controls, NSAIDs-supplemented and no-drug controls). Bioinformatic analysis of the array outcomes indicated that the protective effect of NSAIDs was associated with reduced expression of (a) tumor promoting inflammatory molecules (M-CSF, IL-33, CCL22, CCL12, CX3CL1, CHI3L1, and CD93), (b) growth factors- growth signaling-associated molecules (Chemerin, FGF acidic, Flt-3 ligand, IGFBP-5, and PEDF), and (c) tumor microenvironment/stromal remodeling proteins MMP2 and MMP9. Overall, our findings corroborate the pathological findings that protective effects of NSAIDs in TMPSS2-ERG fusion-driven prostate tumorigenesis are associated with antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory effects and possible modulation of the immune cell enriched microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Raj Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Neha Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Rama Kant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Jennifer T. Fox
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Robert H. Shoemaker
- Chemopreventive Agent Development Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Chapla Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Komal Raina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
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31
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Hu W, Ding Y, Guan K, Zhang P, Su J, Zhang C, Li W, Lian C, Yang Q, Liu S, Li T. Changes in metabolic parameters and serum YKL-40 levels in Chinese rheumatoid arthritis patients during tocilizumab therapy. Clin Rheumatol 2024; 43:1845-1853. [PMID: 38696116 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-024-06982-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the metabolic changes during therapy of tocilizumab (TCZ) and methotrexate (MTX) in non-diabetic rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and for the first time explore the associations between metabolic parameters and serum YKL-40 (sYKL-40) levels. METHODS We enrolled active non-diabetic RA patients who were refractory to MTX. Patients received intravenous TCZ (8 mg/kg) once every 4 weeks combined with MTX for 24 weeks. Metabolic parameters and sYKL-40 levels were measured before TCZ infusion at baseline, week 4, week 12, and week 24. Correlations were assessed by the Spearman's rank correlation analysis. RESULTS A total of 91 non-diabetic RA patients were enrolled in this study. At week 24, we observed a significant elevation in body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) levels. In contrast, there was a significant decrease in TC/HDL‑C ratio. No apparent changes in insulin resistance were found. Additionally, we detected a significant reduction in sYKL-40 levels during the study. At week 24, changes in sYKL-40 levels showed a significant negative correlation (r = -0.334, p = 0.002) with changes in TC levels. CONCLUSION The combined therapy of TCZ and MTX resulted in a significant increase in BMI and lipid levels, while an evident decrease in the TC/HDL‑C ratio and sYKL-40 levels in RA patients. Additionally, there was a significant correlation between the decrease in sYKL-40 levels and the increase in TC levels during treatment with TCZ and MTX. Key Points • Lipid levels elevated significantly and sYKL-40 levels decreased obviously after therapy of TCZ combined with MTX in Chinese RA patients. • There was a significant correlation between the increase in TC levels and the decrease in sYKL-40 levels during treatment with TCZ and MTX in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanxia Ding
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kelei Guan
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingbo Su
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunyi Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chaofeng Lian
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qihua Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shengyun Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tianfang Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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Song Y, Jiang W, Afridi SK, Wang T, Zhu F, Xu H, Nazir FH, Liu C, Wang Y, Long Y, Huang YWA, Qiu W, Tang C. Astrocyte-derived CHI3L1 signaling impairs neurogenesis and cognition in the demyelinated hippocampus. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114226. [PMID: 38733586 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is a feature in multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder. A notable aspect of MS brains is hippocampal demyelination, which is closely associated with cognitive decline. However, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain unclear. Chitinase-3-like (CHI3L1), secreted by activated astrocytes, has been identified as a biomarker for MS progression. Our study investigates CHI3L1's function within the demyelinating hippocampus and demonstrates a correlation between CHI3L1 expression and cognitive impairment in patients with MS. Activated astrocytes release CHI3L1 in reaction to induced demyelination, which adversely affects the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells and impairs dendritic growth, complexity, and spine formation in neurons. Our findings indicate that the astrocytic deletion of CHI3L1 can mitigate neurogenic deficits and cognitive dysfunction. We showed that CHI3L1 interacts with CRTH2/receptor for advanced glycation end (RAGE) by attenuating β-catenin signaling. The reactivation of β-catenin signaling can revitalize neurogenesis, which holds promise for therapy of inflammatory demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Song
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shabbir Khan Afridi
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tongtong Wang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Fan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huiming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Faisal Hayat Nazir
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chunxin Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuge Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Youming Long
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changgang East Road, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong Province, China; Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, 250 Changgang East Road, Guangzhou 510260, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yu-Wen Alvin Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, 70 Ship Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Changyong Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University; 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China.
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Ye Z, Cheng P, Huang Q, Hu J, Huang L, Hu G. Immunocytes interact directly with cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment: one coin with two sides and future perspectives. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1388176. [PMID: 38840908 PMCID: PMC11150710 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1388176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is closely linked to the initiation, promotion, and progression of solid tumors. Among its constitutions, immunologic cells emerge as critical players, facilitating immune evasion and tumor progression. Apart from their indirect impact on anti-tumor immunity, immunocytes directly influence neoplastic cells, either bolstering or impeding tumor advancement. However, current therapeutic modalities aimed at alleviating immunosuppression from regulatory cells on effector immune cell populations may not consistently yield satisfactory results in various solid tumors, such as breast carcinoma, colorectal cancer, etc. Therefore, this review outlines and summarizes the direct, dualistic effects of immunocytes such as T cells, innate lymphoid cells, B cells, eosinophils, and tumor-associated macrophages on tumor cells within the tumor microenvironment. The review also delves into the underlying mechanisms involved and presents the outcomes of clinical trials based on these direct effects, aiming to propose innovative and efficacious therapeutic strategies for addressing solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Ye
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People’s Hospital; Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pu Cheng
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jingjing Hu
- School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liming Huang
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People’s Hospital; Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guoming Hu
- Department of General Surgery (Breast and Thyroid Surgery), Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Chen JJ, Vincent MY, Shepard D, Peereboom D, Mahalingam D, Battiste J, Patel MR, Juric D, Wen PY, Bullock A, Selfridge JE, Pant S, Liu J, Li W, Fyfe S, Wang S, Zota V, Mahoney J, Watnick RS, Cieslewicz M, Watnick J. Phase 1 dose expansion and biomarker study assessing first-in-class tumor microenvironment modulator VT1021 in patients with advanced solid tumors. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2024; 4:95. [PMID: 38773224 PMCID: PMC11109328 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-024-00520-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies have demonstrated that VT1021, a first-in-class therapeutic agent, inhibits tumor growth via stimulation of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) and reprograms the tumor microenvironment. We recently reported data from the dose escalation part of a phase I study of VT1021 in solid tumors. Here, we report findings from the dose expansion phase of the same study. METHODS We analyzed the safety and tolerability, clinical response, and biomarker profile of VT1021 in the expansion portion of the phase I study (NCT03364400). Safety/tolerability is determined by adverse events related to the treatment. Clinical response is determined by RECIST v1.1 and iRECIST. Biomarkers are measured by multiplexed ion beam imaging and enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). RESULTS First, we report the safety and tolerability data as the primary outcome of this study. Adverse events (AE) suspected to be related to the study treatment (RTEAEs) are mostly grade 1-2. There are no grade 4 or 5 adverse events. VT1021 is safe and well tolerated in patients with solid tumors in this study. We report clinical responses as a secondary efficacy outcome. VT1021 demonstrates promising single-agent clinical activity in recurrent GBM (rGBM) in this study. Among 22 patients with rGBM, the overall disease control rate (DCR) is 45% (95% confidence interval, 0.24-0.67). Finally, we report the exploratory outcomes of this study. We show the clinical confirmation of TSP-1 induction and TME remodeling by VT1021. Our biomarker analysis identifies several plasmatic cytokines as potential biomarkers for future clinical studies. CONCLUSIONS VT1021 is safe and well-tolerated in patients with solid tumors in a phase I expansion study. VT1021 has advanced to a phase II/III clinical study in glioblastoma (NCT03970447).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Manish R Patel
- Florida Cancer Specialists/Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - Dejan Juric
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Shubham Pant
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joyce Liu
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wendy Li
- Vigeo Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Matos BS, Peixoto da Silva S, Vasconcelos MH, Xavier CPR. Chemosensitizing effect of pentoxifylline in sensitive and multidrug-resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2024; 7:19. [PMID: 38835347 PMCID: PMC11149106 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2024.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Aim: Multidrug resistance (MDR) is frequent in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, which can be due to its fibrotic stroma. This work explores the combination of pentoxifylline, an anti-fibrotic and chitinase 3-like-1 (CHI3L1) inhibitor drug, with conventional chemotherapy to improve NSCLC treatment. Methods: The effect of pentoxifylline in the expression levels of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), CHI3L1 and its main downstream proteins, as well as on cell death, cell cycle profile, and P-gp activity was studied in two pairs of sensitive and MDR counterpart NSCLC cell lines (NCI-H460/NCI-H460/R and A549/A549-CDR2). Association studies between CHI3L1 gene expression and NSCLC patients' survival were performed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) analysis. The sensitizing effect of pentoxifylline to different drug regimens was evaluated in both sensitive and MDR NSCLC cell lines. The cytotoxicity of the drug combinations was assessed in MCF10A non-tumorigenic cells. Results: Pentoxifylline slightly decreased the expression levels of CHI3L1, β-catenin and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and caused a significant increase in the G1 phase of the cell cycle in both pairs of NSCLC cell lines. A significant increase in the % of cell death was observed in the sensitive NCI-H460 cell line. TCGA analysis revealed that high levels of CHI3L1 are associated with low overall survival (OS) in NSCLC patients treated with vinorelbine. Moreover, pentoxifylline sensitized both pairs of sensitive and MDR NSCLC cell lines to the different drug regimens, without causing significant toxicity to non-tumorigenic cells. Conclusion: This study suggests the possibility of combining pentoxifylline with chemotherapy to increase NSCLC therapeutic response, even in cases of MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz S Matos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Sara Peixoto da Silva
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - M Helena Vasconcelos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, Porto 4050-313, Portugal
| | - Cristina P R Xavier
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group, IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Toxicologic Pathology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), Gandra 4585-116, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences - CESPU, Gandra 4585-116, Portugal
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Ham HJ, Lee YS, Koo JK, Yun J, Son DJ, Han SB, Hong JT. Inhibition of Amyloid-β (Aβ)-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Neuroinflammation in CHI3L1 Knockout Mice through Downregulation of ERK-PTX3 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5550. [PMID: 38791588 PMCID: PMC11122210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Several clinical studies reported that the elevated expression of Chitinase-3-like 1 (CHI3L1) was observed in patients suffering from a wide range of diseases: cancer, metabolic, and neurological diseases. However, the role of CHI3L1 in AD is still unclear. Our previous study demonstrated that 2-({3-[2-(1-Cyclohexen-1-yl)ethyl]-6,7-dimethoxy-4-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2-quinazolinyl}culfanyl)-N-(4-ethylphenyl)butanamide, a CHI3L1 inhibiting compound, alleviates memory and cognitive impairment and inhibits neuroinflammation in AD mouse models. In this study, we studied the detailed correlation of CHI3L1 and AD using serum from AD patients and using CHI3L1 knockout (KO) mice with Aβ infusion (300 pmol/day, 14 days). Serum levels of CHI3L1 were significantly elevated in patients with AD compared to normal subjects, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis data based on serum analysis suggested that CHI3L1 could be a significant diagnostic reference for AD. To reveal the role of CHI3L1 in AD, we investigated the CHI3L1 deficiency effect on memory impairment in Aβ-infused mice and microglial BV-2 cells. In CHI3L1 KO mice, Aβ infusion resulted in lower levels of memory dysfunction and neuroinflammation compared to that of WT mice. CHI3L1 deficiency selectively inhibited phosphorylation of ERK and IκB as well as inhibition of neuroinflammation-related factors in vivo and in vitro. On the other hand, treatment with recombinant CHI3L1 increased neuroinflammation-related factors and promoted phosphorylation of IκB except for ERK in vitro. Web-based gene network analysis and our results showed that CHI3L1 is closely correlated with PTX3. Moreover, in AD patients, we found that serum levels of PTX3 were correlated with serum levels of CHI3L1 by Spearman correlation analysis. These results suggest that CHI3L1 deficiency could inhibit AD development by blocking the ERK-dependent PTX3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Osongsaengmyeong 1-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
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Tang T, Gao J, Pan X, Tang Q, Long H, Liu Z. YKL-40 Knockdown Decreases Oxidative Stress Damage in Ovarian Granulosa Cells. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2024; 28:199-206. [PMID: 38634621 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2023.0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). To develop novel antioxidant drugs, it is necessary to explore the key regulatory molecules involved in oxidative stress in PCOS. Plasma YKL-40 levels are elevated in patients with PCOS; however, its role remains unclear. Methods: The follicular fluids of 20 women with PCOS and 12 control subjects with normal ovarian function were collected, and YKL-40 in follicular fluids was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A letrozole-induced PCOS rat model was established and the expression level of YKL-40 in the ovaries was detected by immunohistochemistry. KGN cells were treated with H2O2 to generate an ovarian granulosa cell (OGC) model of oxidative stress. The siRNA was transfected into the cells for knockdown. The effect of YKL-40 knockdown on H2O2-treated KGN cells was evaluated by measuring proliferation, apoptosis, activities of T-SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT, levels of MDA, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, and the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway. Results: YKL-40 levels were elevated in the follicular fluids of women with PCOS compared with control subjects with normal ovarian function. The expression level of YKL-40 in the ovaries of rats with PCOS is obviously higher than that in the ovaries of the control group rats. H2O2 treatment enhanced YKL-40 mRNA expression and protein secretion. YKL-40 knockdown enhanced cell proliferation and antioxidant capacity while decreasing apoptosis and inflammatory factor levels in KGN cells following H2O2 treatment. The knockdown activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and suppressed NF-κB nuclear translocation from the cytoplasm. Conclusion: YKL-40 levels were elevated in the follicular fluids of women with PCOS and the ovaries of rats with PCOS. YKL-40 expression can be induced by oxidative stress, and YKL-40 knockdown can decrease oxidative stress damage in OGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Tang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Jinyu Gao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyang Pan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Qianqian Tang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Huijuan Long
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaohua Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
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Schilke ED, Remoli G, Funelli E, Galimberti M, Fusco ML, Cereda D, Balducci C, Frigo M, Cavaletti G. Current use of fluid biomarkers as outcome measures in Multiple Sclerosis (MS): a review of ongoing pharmacological clinical trials. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:1931-1944. [PMID: 38117403 PMCID: PMC11021285 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to describe the state of the art of fluid biomarkers use in ongoing multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical trials.A review of 608 ongoing protocols in the clinicaltrials.gov and EudraCT databases was performed. The trials enrolled patients with a diagnosis of relapsing remitting MS, secondary progressive MS, and/or primary progressive MS according to Revised McDonald criteria or relapsing MS according to Lublin et al. (2014). The presence of fluid biomarkers among the primary and/or secondary study outcomes was assessed.Overall, 5% of ongoing interventional studies on MS adopted fluid biomarkers. They were mostly used as secondary outcomes in phase 3-4 clinical trials to support the potential disease-modifying properties of the intervention. Most studies evaluated neurofilament light chains (NfLs). A small number considered other novel fluid biomarkers of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration such as glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP).Considering the numerous ongoing clinical trials in MS, still a small number adopted fluid biomarkers as outcome measures, thus testifying the distance from clinical practice. In most protocols, fluid biomarkers were used to evaluate the effectiveness of approved second-line therapies, but also, new drugs (particularly Bruton kinase inhibitors). NfLs were also adopted to monitor disease progression after natalizumab suspension in stable patients, cladribine efficacy after anti-CD20 discontinuation, and the efficacy of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (AHSCT) compared to medical treatment. Nevertheless, further validation studies are needed for all considered fluid biomarkers to access clinical practice, and cost-effectiveness in the "real word" remains to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Dalmato Schilke
- Neurology Department, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardi dei Tintori, Monza, Italy.
- School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Centre for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
| | - Giulia Remoli
- Neurology Department, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardi dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Centre for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Funelli
- Neurology Department, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardi dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Centre for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Galimberti
- Neurology Department, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardi dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Centre for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Fusco
- Neurology Department, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardi dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Centre for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Diletta Cereda
- Neurology Department, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardi dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Centre for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Balducci
- Neurology Department, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardi dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Centre for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Maura Frigo
- Neurology Department, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardi dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Centre for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Cavaletti
- Neurology Department, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardi dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery and Milan Centre for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Sæther LS, Szabo A, Akkouh IA, Haatveit B, Mohn C, Vaskinn A, Aukrust P, Ormerod MBEG, Eiel Steen N, Melle I, Djurovic S, Andreassen OA, Ueland T, Ueland T. Cognitive and inflammatory heterogeneity in severe mental illness: Translating findings from blood to brain. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 118:287-299. [PMID: 38461955 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent findings link cognitive impairment and inflammatory-immune dysregulation in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar (BD) spectrum disorders. However, heterogeneity and translation between the periphery and central (blood-to-brain) mechanisms remains a challenge. Starting with a large SZ, BD and healthy control cohort (n = 1235), we aimed to i) identify candidate peripheral markers (n = 25) associated with cognitive domains (n = 9) and elucidate heterogenous immune-cognitive patterns, ii) evaluate the regulation of candidate markers using human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived astrocytes and neural progenitor cells (n = 10), and iii) evaluate candidate marker messenger RNA expression in leukocytes using microarray in available data from a subsample of the main cohort (n = 776), and in available RNA-sequencing deconvolution analysis of postmortem brain samples (n = 474) from the CommonMind Consortium (CMC). We identified transdiagnostic subgroups based on covariance between cognitive domains (measures of speed and verbal learning) and peripheral markers reflecting inflammatory response (CRP, sTNFR1, YKL-40), innate immune activation (MIF) and extracellular matrix remodelling (YKL-40, CatS). Of the candidate markers there was considerable variance in secretion of YKL-40 in iPSC-derived astrocytes and neural progenitor cells in SZ compared to HC. Further, we provide evidence of dysregulated RNA expression of genes encoding YKL-40 and related signalling pathways in a high neuroinflammatory subgroup in the postmortem brain samples. Our findings suggest a relationship between peripheral inflammatory-immune activity and cognitive impairment, and highlight YKL-40 as a potential marker of cognitive functioning in a subgroup of individuals with severe mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn Sofie Sæther
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Attila Szabo
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ibrahim A Akkouh
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital/University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Beathe Haatveit
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Mohn
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anja Vaskinn
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Monica B E G Ormerod
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo Norway
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital/University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torill Ueland
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research and Expertise Centre, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
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Wang B, Chen K, Gao M, Sun X, He W, Chen J, Yang W, Yang T, Qin H, Ruan H, Huang H, Lin T, Huang J. Chitinase 3-like 1 expression associated with lymphatic metastasis and prognosis in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Clin Transl Immunology 2024; 13:e1505. [PMID: 38623539 PMCID: PMC11017757 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Lymphatic metastasis, an early stage of the metastasis process, is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB). However, the role of inflammation in triggering lymphatic metastasis remains unclear. Methods We employed an RNA-sequencing cohort (n = 50) from Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital (SYMH) to identify the most highly upregulated inflammatory gene associated with lymphatic metastasis. Using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses, we validated the association of the identified molecule with clinical features and prognosis in an independent UCB cohort (n = 244) from SYMH. We also analysed TCGA-BLCA cohort (n = 408) to identify its potential biological pathways and immune landscape. Results In our study, chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) emerged as a significantly overexpressed proinflammatory mediator in UCB tissues with lymphatic metastasis compared to those without lymphatic metastasis (81.1% vs. 47.8%, P < 0.001). Within UCB tissues, CHI3L1 was expressed in both stromal cells (52.8%) and tumor cells (7.3%). Moreover, CHI3L1+ stromal cells, but not tumor cells, exhibited independent prognostic significance for both overall survival (P < 0.001) and recurrence-free survival (P = 0.006). CHI3L1+ stromal cells were positively associated with D2-40+ lymphatic vessel density (P < 0.001) and the immunosuppressive PD-L1/PD-1/CD8 axis in UCB tissues (all P < 0.05). A bioinformatics analysis also identified a positive association between CHI3L1 expression and lymphangiogenesis or immunosuppression pathways. Conclusion Our study established a clear association between stromal CHI3L1 expression and lymphatic metastasis, suggesting that stromal CHI3L1 expression is a potential prognostic marker for bladder cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen (Zhongshan) UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong‐Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen (Zhongshan) UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen (Zhongshan) UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Mingchao Gao
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen (Zhongshan) UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xi Sun
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen (Zhongshan) UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wang He
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen (Zhongshan) UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Junyu Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen (Zhongshan) UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen (Zhongshan) UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Tenghao Yang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen (Zhongshan) UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Haide Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong‐Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen (Zhongshan) UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Honglian Ruan
- School of Public HealthGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen (Zhongshan) UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Tianxin Lin
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen (Zhongshan) UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong‐Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat‐Sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen (Zhongshan) UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen (Zhongshan) UniversityGuangzhouChina
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Yang Q, Yang G, Wu Y, Zhang L, Song Z, Yang D. Bioinformatics analysis and validation of genes related to paclitaxel's anti-breast cancer effect through immunogenic cell death. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28409. [PMID: 38560098 PMCID: PMC10979210 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Research indicated that Paclitaxel (PTX) can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) through immunogenic modulation. However, the combination of PTX and ICD has not been extensively studied in breast cancer (BRCA). The TCGA-BRCA and GSE20685 datasets were enrolled in this study. Samples from the TCGA-BRCA dataset were consistently clustered based on selected immunogenic cell death-related genes (ICD-RGs). Next, candidate genes were obtained by overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between BRCA and normal groups, intersecting genes common to DEGs between cluster1 and cluster2 and hub module genes, and target genes of PTX from five databases. The univariate Cox algorithm and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were performed to obtain biomarkers and build a risk model. Following observing the immune microenvironment in differential risk subgroups, single-gene gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was carried out in all biomarkers. Finally, the expression of biomarkers was analyzed. Enrichment analysis showed that 626 intersecting genes were linked with inflammatory response. Further five biomarkers (CHI3L1, IL18, PAPLN, SH2D2A, and UBE2L6) were identified and a risk model was built. The model's performance was validated using GSE20685 dataset. Furthermore, the biomarkers were enriched with adaptive immune response. Lastly, the experimental results indicated that the alterations in IL18, SH2D2A, and CHI3L1 expression after treatment matched those in the public database. In this study, Five PTX-ICD-related biomarkers (CHI3L1, IL18, PAPLN, SH2D2A, and UBE2L6) were identified to aid in predicting BRCA treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianmei Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China
- Yunnan College of Modern Biomedical Industry, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China
| | - Guimei Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China
- Yunnan College of Modern Biomedical Industry, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China
| | - Yi Wu
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China
| | - Lun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China
| | - Zhuoyang Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China
| | - Dan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China
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Mizoguchi E, Sadanaga T, Nanni L, Wang S, Mizoguchi A. Recently Updated Role of Chitinase 3-like 1 on Various Cell Types as a Major Influencer of Chronic Inflammation. Cells 2024; 13:678. [PMID: 38667293 PMCID: PMC11049018 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitinase 3-like 1 (also known as CHI3L1 or YKL-40) is a mammalian chitinase that has no enzymatic activity, but has the ability to bind to chitin, the polymer of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). Chitin is a component of fungi, crustaceans, arthropods including insects and mites, and parasites, but it is completely absent from mammals, including humans and mice. In general, chitin-containing organisms produce mammalian chitinases, such as CHI3L1, to protect the body from exogenous pathogens as well as hostile environments, and it was thought that it had a similar effect in mammals. However, recent studies have revealed that CHI3L1 plays a pathophysiological role by inducing anti-apoptotic activity in epithelial cells and macrophages. Under chronic inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, many groups already confirmed that the expression of CHI3L1 is significantly induced on the apical side of epithelial cells, and activates many downstream pathways involved in inflammation and carcinogenesis. In this review article, we summarize the expression of CHI3L1 under chronic inflammatory conditions in various disorders and discuss the potential roles of CHI3L1 in those disorders on various cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Mizoguchi
- Department of Immunology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; (T.S.); (S.W.); (A.M.)
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Takayuki Sadanaga
- Department of Immunology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; (T.S.); (S.W.); (A.M.)
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Linda Nanni
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Department of Immunology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; (T.S.); (S.W.); (A.M.)
| | - Atsushi Mizoguchi
- Department of Immunology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan; (T.S.); (S.W.); (A.M.)
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Salembier R, De Haes C, Bellemans J, Demeyere K, Van Den Broeck W, Sanders NN, Van Laere S, Lyons TR, Meyer E, Steenbrugge J. Chitin-mediated blockade of chitinase-like proteins reduces tumor immunosuppression, inhibits lymphatic metastasis and enhances anti-PD-1 efficacy in complementary TNBC models. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:63. [PMID: 38605414 PMCID: PMC11007917 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01815-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) play a key role in immunosuppression under inflammatory conditions such as cancer. CLPs are enzymatically inactive and become neutralized upon binding of their natural ligand chitin, potentially reducing CLP-driven immunosuppression. We investigated the efficacy of chitin treatment in the context of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) using complementary mouse models. We also evaluated the immunomodulatory influence of chitin on immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and compared its efficacy as general CLP blocker with blockade of a single CLP, i.e. chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1). METHODS Female BALB/c mice were intraductally injected with luciferase-expressing 4T1 or 66cl4 cells and systemically treated with chitin in combination with or without anti-programmed death (PD)-1 ICB. For single CLP blockade, tumor-bearing mice were treated with anti-CHI3L1 antibodies. Metastatic progression was monitored through bioluminescence imaging. Immune cell changes in primary tumors and lymphoid organs (i.e. axillary lymph nodes and spleen) were investigated through flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, cytokine profiling and RNA-sequencing. CHI3L1-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were subjected to 2D lymphatic endothelial cell adhesion and 3D lymphatic integration in vitro assays for studying macrophage-mediated lymphatic remodeling. RESULTS Chitin significantly reduced primary tumor progression in the 4T1-based model by decreasing the high production of CLPs that originate from tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) and Stat3 signaling, prominently affecting the CHI3L1 and CHI3L3 primary tumor levels. It reduced immunosuppressive cell types and increased anti-tumorigenic T-cells in primary tumors as well as axillary lymph nodes. Chitin also significantly reduced CHI3L3 primary tumor levels and immunosuppression in the 66cl4-based model. Compared to anti-CHI3L1, chitin enhanced primary tumor growth reduction and anti-tumorigenicity. Both treatments equally inhibited lymphatic adhesion and integration of macrophages, thereby hampering lymphatic tumor cell spreading. Upon ICB combination therapy, chitin alleviated anti-PD-1 resistance in both TNBC models, providing a significant add-on reduction in primary tumor and lung metastatic growth compared to chitin monotherapy. These add-on effects occurred through additional increase in CD8α+ T-cell infiltration and activation in primary tumor and lymphoid organs. CONCLUSIONS Chitin, as a general CLP blocker, reduces CLP production, enhances anti-tumor immunity as well as ICB responses, supporting its potential clinical relevance in immunosuppressed TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbe Salembier
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Caro De Haes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Bellemans
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Kristel Demeyere
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Den Broeck
- Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Niek N Sanders
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Steven Van Laere
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Traci R Lyons
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Evelyne Meyer
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonas Steenbrugge
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Zheng H, An M, Luo Y, Diao X, Zhong W, Pang M, Lin Y, Chen J, Li Y, Kong Y, Zhao Y, Yin Y, Ai L, Huang J, Chen C, Lin T. PDGFRα +ITGA11 + fibroblasts foster early-stage cancer lymphovascular invasion and lymphatic metastasis via ITGA11-SELE interplay. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:682-700.e12. [PMID: 38428409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) exhibit considerable heterogeneity in advanced cancers; however, the functional annotation and mechanism of CAFs in early-stage cancers remain elusive. Utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomic, we identify a previously unknown PDGFRα+ITGA11+ CAF subset in early-stage bladder cancer (BCa). Multicenter clinical analysis of a 910-case cohort confirms that PDGFRα+ITGA11+ CAFs are associated with lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and poor prognosis in early-stage BCa. These CAFs facilitate LVI and lymph node (LN) metastasis in early-stage BCa, as evidenced in a PDGFRα+ITGA11+ CAFs-specific deficient mouse model. Mechanistically, PDGFRα+ITGA11+ CAFs promote lymphangiogenesis via recognizing ITGA11 surface receptor SELE on lymphatic endothelial cells to activate SRC-p-VEGFR3-MAPK pathway. Further, CHI3L1 from PDGFRα+ITGA11+ CAFs aligns the surrounding matrix to assist cancer cell intravasation, fostering early-stage BCa LVI and LN metastasis. Collectively, our study reveals the crucial role of PDGFRα+ITGA11+ CAFs in shaping metastatic landscape, informing the treatment of early-stage BCa LVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanhao Zheng
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Mingjie An
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yuming Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiayao Diao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlong Zhong
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Mingrui Pang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jiancheng Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yuanlong Li
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yao Kong
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Tumor Intervention, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Yina Yin
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Le Ai
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Changhao Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.
| | - Tianxin Lin
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.
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Nielsen RL, Monfeuga T, Kitchen RR, Egerod L, Leal LG, Schreyer ATH, Gade FS, Sun C, Helenius M, Simonsen L, Willert M, Tahrani AA, McVey Z, Gupta R. Data-driven identification of predictive risk biomarkers for subgroups of osteoarthritis using interpretable machine learning. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2817. [PMID: 38561399 PMCID: PMC10985086 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46663-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is increasing in prevalence and has a severe impact on patients' lives. However, our understanding of biomarkers driving OA risk remains limited. We developed a model predicting the five-year risk of OA diagnosis, integrating retrospective clinical, lifestyle and biomarker data from the UK Biobank (19,120 patients with OA, ROC-AUC: 0.72, 95%CI (0.71-0.73)). Higher age, BMI and prescription of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs contributed most to increased OA risk prediction ahead of diagnosis. We identified 14 subgroups of OA risk profiles. These subgroups were validated in an independent set of patients evaluating the 11-year OA risk, with 88% of patients being uniquely assigned to one of the 14 subgroups. Individual OA risk profiles were characterised by personalised biomarkers. Omics integration demonstrated the predictive importance of key OA genes and pathways (e.g., GDF5 and TGF-β signalling) and OA-specific biomarkers (e.g., CRTAC1 and COL9A1). In summary, this work identifies opportunities for personalised OA prevention and insights into its underlying pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Line Egerod
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Luis G Leal
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Carol Sun
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Zahra McVey
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Jatczak-Pawlik I, Ewiak-Paszyńska A, Domowicz M, Jurewicz A, Stasiołek M. Intracellular Accumulation and Secretion of YKL-40 (CHI3L1) in the Course of DMSO-Induced HL-60 Cell Differentiation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:443. [PMID: 38675403 PMCID: PMC11053806 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
YKL-40 (CHI3L1) is a matrix glycoprotein stored in human neutrophil-specific granules and released upon activation. While it is implicated in inflammation, cancer progression, and cell differentiation, its exact physiological role remains unclear. This study investigated the intracellular expression and secretion of YKL-40 by untreated and DMSO-treated HL-60 cells in association with surface expression of CD11b and CD66b throughout the differentiation process (up to 120 h). Secreted YKL-40 protein and mRNA levels of YKL-40, CD66b, and CD11b were measured by ELISA and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. The intracellular YKL-40 and surface CD11b and CD66b expression were assessed by flow cytometry. A significant increase in CD11b expression confirmed DMSO-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells. Upon DMSO stimulation, YKL-40 mRNA expression increased in a time-dependent manner, unlike CD66b. The lack of CD66b (a granulocyte maturation and activation marker) on the surface of HL-60 cells might suggest that DMSO treatment did not induce full maturation or activation. The intracellular YKL-40 protein expression was increasing up to 96 h of DMSO treatment and then declined. YKL-40 secretion into the culture medium was detectable only at later time points (96 and 120 h), which was correlated with a decreased proliferation of DMSO-treated HL-60 cells. These findings suggest sequential changes in YKL-40 production and secretion during DMSO-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells and might contribute to a better understanding of YKL-40's involvement in both physiological processes and disease development, including multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mariusz Stasiołek
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lodz, Kosciuszki Street 4, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (I.J.-P.); (A.E.-P.); (M.D.); (A.J.)
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Kazakova M, Ivanova T, Dikov D, Molander D, Simitchiev K, Sbirkov Y, Dzhambov AM, Sarafian V. Strong YKL-40 expression in the invasive tumor front of colorectal cancer-A pilot study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27570. [PMID: 38495157 PMCID: PMC10940939 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Тhe poor prognosis of patients initially diagnosed at an advanced stage of colorectal cancer (CRC) and the heterogeneity within the same tumor stage define the need for additional predictive biomarkers. Tumor buds are proposed as a poor prognostic factor for CRC, however, they are still not implemented into routine pathology reporting. In turn, the chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) also known as YKL-40, is regarded as a candidate circulating biomarker and therapeutic target in CRC. The aim of our study was to investigate tissue YKL-40 localization and tumor budding in CRC. Thirty-one CRC patients and normal colonic tissues were examined. The correlation between YKL-40 levels, tumor budding and clinocopathological parameters was evaluated by polychoric correlation analysis. The immunohistochemical assessment revealed high YKL-40 expression in CRC in contrast to normal mucosa. Specifically, intense YKL-40 staining was detected in the front of tumor invasion compared with tumor parenchyma and noncancerous tissue. We present novel data for increased YKL-40 expression in tumor buds within the front of tumor invasion. We assume that the combination of this morphological parameter with the tissue level of the pleotropic YKL-40 glycoprotein could serve as a future prognostic biomarker for CRC stratification and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kazakova
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University- Plovdiv, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetomira Ivanova
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University- Plovdiv, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Dorian Dikov
- Department of General and Clinical Pathology, Grand Hospital de l'Este Francilien, Medical Faculty, Jossigny, 77600, France
| | - Diana Molander
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University- Plovdiv, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Kiril Simitchiev
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Computer Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Yordan Sbirkov
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University- Plovdiv, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Angel M. Dzhambov
- Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Victoria Sarafian
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University- Plovdiv, Plovdiv, 4000, Bulgaria
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Akinsipe T, Mohamedelhassan R, Akinpelu A, Pondugula SR, Mistriotis P, Avila LA, Suryawanshi A. Cellular interactions in tumor microenvironment during breast cancer progression: new frontiers and implications for novel therapeutics. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1302587. [PMID: 38533507 PMCID: PMC10963559 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1302587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The breast cancer tumor microenvironment (TME) is dynamic, with various immune and non-immune cells interacting to regulate tumor progression and anti-tumor immunity. It is now evident that the cells within the TME significantly contribute to breast cancer progression and resistance to various conventional and newly developed anti-tumor therapies. Both immune and non-immune cells in the TME play critical roles in tumor onset, uncontrolled proliferation, metastasis, immune evasion, and resistance to anti-tumor therapies. Consequently, molecular and cellular components of breast TME have emerged as promising therapeutic targets for developing novel treatments. The breast TME primarily comprises cancer cells, stromal cells, vasculature, and infiltrating immune cells. Currently, numerous clinical trials targeting specific TME components of breast cancer are underway. However, the complexity of the TME and its impact on the evasion of anti-tumor immunity necessitate further research to develop novel and improved breast cancer therapies. The multifaceted nature of breast TME cells arises from their phenotypic and functional plasticity, which endows them with both pro and anti-tumor roles during tumor progression. In this review, we discuss current understanding and recent advances in the pro and anti-tumoral functions of TME cells and their implications for developing safe and effective therapies to control breast cancer progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tosin Akinsipe
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Rania Mohamedelhassan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Ayuba Akinpelu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Satyanarayana R. Pondugula
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Panagiotis Mistriotis
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - L. Adriana Avila
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Amol Suryawanshi
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
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Maroun G, Fissoun C, Villaverde M, Brondello JM, Pers YM. Senescence-regulatory factors as novel circulating biomarkers and therapeutic targets in regenerative medicine for osteoarthritis. Joint Bone Spine 2024; 91:105640. [PMID: 37739212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2023.105640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent discoveries reveal that the chronic presence of senescent cells in osteoarticular tissues provides a focal point of disease development for osteoarthritis (OA). Nevertheless, senescence-regulatory factors associated with OA still need to be identified. Furthermore, few diagnostic- and prognostic-validated biochemical markers (biomarkers) are currently used in clinics to evaluate OA patients. In the future, alongside imaging and clinical examination, detecting senescence-regulatory biomarkers in patient fluids could become a prospective method for disease: diagnosis, monitoring, progression and prognosis following treatment. This review summarizes a group of circulating OA biomarkers recently linked to senescence onset. Remarkably, these factors identified in proteomics, metabolomic and microRNA studies could also have deleterious or protective roles in osteoarticular tissue homeostasis. In addition, we discuss their potentially innovative modulation in combination with senotherapeutic approaches, for long-lasting OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Maroun
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, INSERM UMR 1183, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Christina Fissoun
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, INSERM UMR 1183, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Marina Villaverde
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, INSERM UMR 1183, 34298 Montpellier, France; HCS Pharma, Biocentre Fleming, 250, rue Salvador-Allende, Bat A, 59120 Loos, France
| | - Jean-Marc Brondello
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, INSERM UMR 1183, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Yves-Marie Pers
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, INSERM UMR 1183, 34298 Montpellier, France; Clinical immunology and osteoarticular diseases Therapeutic Unit, Lapeyronie University Hospital, CHU Montpellier, IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France.
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50
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Shrivastava A, Goel M, Khalid MF, Sharma G, Khandelwal A, Sharma D, Gupta RD. Evaluation of the Recombinant Bacterial Chitinases as Anti-proliferative and Anti-migratory Agents for the Human Breast Cancer Cell Line, MCF-7. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04888-5. [PMID: 38393581 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Chitinases, a glycosyl hydrolase family 18 members, have a wide distribution in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, including humans. Regardless of the absence of endogenous chitin polymer, various chitinases and chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) have been reported in mammals. However, several other carbohydrate polymers, such as hyaluronic acid and heparan sulfate, show structural similarities with chitin, which could be a potential target of chitinase and CLPs. Heparan sulfate is part of the integral membrane proteins and involves in cell adherence and migration. Hence, to demonstrate the effect of chitinase on cancer cell progression, we selected two chitinases from Serratia marcescens, ChiB and ChiC, which function as exo- and endo-chitinase, respectively. The ChiB and ChiC proteins were produced recombinantly by cloning chiB and chiC genes from Serratia marcescens. The cell viability of the Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cells was studied using different concentrations of the purified recombinant proteins. Cell viability assay was performed using 3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and water-soluble tetrazolium salt, and the effect of ChiB and ChiC on cell proliferation was studied by clonogenic assay. The cell migration study was analysed by wound healing, transwell migration, and invasion assays. Cell cycle analysis of propidium iodide-stained cells and cell proliferation markers such as pERK1/2, pAKT, and SMP30 were also done. It was observed that both ChiB and ChiC were able to impede cell viability, cell migration, and invasion significantly. These observations and our in silico molecular docking analysis suggest that ChiC is a potential anticancer agent and is more efficient than ChiB. Since the ChiC is able to inhibit both cancer cell proliferation and migration, it could be a potential candidate for the treatment of metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Shrivastava
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Manik Goel
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Fahim Khalid
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Geetika Sharma
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ayush Khandelwal
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Disha Sharma
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rinkoo Devi Gupta
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India.
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