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Wang Q, Liu X, Li Y, Wang Z, Fang Z, Wang Y, Guo X, Dong M, Ye M, Jia L. Rational development of functional hydrophilic polymer to characterize site-specific glycan differences between bovine milk and colostrum. Food Chem 2024; 460:140669. [PMID: 39094346 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
As vastly modified on secreted proteins, N-glycosylation is found on milk proteins and undergo dynamic changes during lactation, characterizing milk protein glycosylation would benefit the elucidation of glycosylation pattern differences between samples. However, their low abundance required specific enrichment. Herein, through rational design and controllable synthesis, we developed a novel multi-functional polymer for the isolation of protein glycosylation. It efficiently separated glycopeptides from complex background inferences with mutual efforts of hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC), metal ion affinity and ion exchange. By fine-tuning Ca2+ as regulators of aldehyde hyaluronic acid (HA) conformation, the grafting density of HA was remarkably improved. Moreover, grafting Ti4+ further enhanced the enrichment performance. Application of this material to characterize bovine milk and colostrum proteins yields 479 and 611 intact glycopeptides, respectively. Comparative analysis unraveled the distinct glycosylation pattern as well the different distribution of glycoprotein abundances between the two samples, offering insights for functional food development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China; State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xin Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China
| | - Mingming Dong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China.
| | - Mingliang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Lingyun Jia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning, China.
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2
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Stanley P. Genetics of glycosylation in mammalian development and disease. Nat Rev Genet 2024; 25:715-729. [PMID: 38724711 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-024-00725-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Glycosylation of proteins and lipids in mammals is essential for embryogenesis and the development of all tissues. Analyses of glycosylation mutants in cultured mammalian cells and model organisms have been key to defining glycosylation pathways and the biological functions of glycans. More recently, applications of genome sequencing have revealed the breadth of rare congenital disorders of glycosylation in humans and the influence of genetics on the synthesis of glycans relevant to infectious diseases, cancer progression and diseases of the immune system. This improved understanding of glycan synthesis and functions is paving the way for advances in the diagnosis and treatment of glycosylation-related diseases, including the development of glycoprotein therapeutics through glycosylation engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Stanley
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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3
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Zhu Q, Chaubard JL, Geng D, Shen J, Ban L, Cheung ST, Wei F, Liu Y, Sun H, Calderon A, Dong W, Qin W, Li T, Wen L, Wang PG, Sun S, Yi W, Hsieh-Wilson LC. Chemoenzymatic Labeling, Detection and Profiling of Core Fucosylation in Live Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:26408-26415. [PMID: 39279393 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c09303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Core fucosylation, the attachment of an α-1,6-linked-fucose to the N-glycan core pentasaccharide, is an abundant protein modification that plays critical roles in various biological processes such as cell signaling, B cell development, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and oncogenesis. However, the tools currently used to detect core fucosylation suffer from poor specificity, exhibiting cross-reactivity against all types of fucosylation. Herein we report the development of a new chemoenzymatic strategy for the rapid and selective detection of core fucosylated glycans. This approach employs a galactosyltransferase enzyme identified fromCaenorhabditis elegansthat specifically transfers an azido-appended galactose residue onto core fucose via a β-1,4 glycosidic linkage. We demonstrate that the approach exhibits superior specificity toward core fucose on a variety of complex N-glycans. The method enables detection of core fucosylated glycoproteins from complex cell lysates, as well as on live cell surfaces, and it can be integrated into a diagnostic platform to profile protein-specific core fucosylation levels. This chemoenzymatic labeling approach offers a new strategy for the identification of disease biomarkers and will allow researchers to further characterize the fundamental role of this important glycan in normal and disease physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Jean-Luc Chaubard
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Didi Geng
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Jiechen Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Lan Ban
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Sheldon T Cheung
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Fangyu Wei
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yating Liu
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Haofan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Angie Calderon
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology Institution, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Wenbo Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Weijie Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, National Center for Protein Sciences Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Tiehai Li
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liuqing Wen
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Peng George Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology Institution, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Shisheng Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Wen Yi
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Linda C Hsieh-Wilson
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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4
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Barboza BR, Macedo-da-Silva J, Silva LAMT, Gomes VDM, Santos DM, Marques-Neto AM, Mule SN, Angeli CB, Borsoi J, Moraes CB, Moutinho-Melo C, Mühlenhoff M, Colli W, Marie SKN, Pereira LDV, Alves MJM, Palmisano G. ST8Sia2 polysialyltransferase protects against infection by Trypanosoma cruzi. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012454. [PMID: 39321148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most structurally and functionally diverse co- and post-translational modifications in a cell. Addition and removal of glycans, especially to proteins and lipids, characterize this process which has important implications in several biological processes. In mammals, the repeated enzymatic addition of a sialic acid unit to underlying sialic acids (Sia) by polysialyltransferases, including ST8Sia2, leads to the formation of a sugar polymer called polysialic acid (polySia). The functional relevance of polySia has been extensively demonstrated in the nervous system. However, the role of polysialylation in infection is still poorly explored. Previous reports have shown that Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), a flagellated parasite that causes Chagas disease (CD), changes host sialylation of glycoproteins. To understand the role of host polySia during T. cruzi infection, we used a combination of in silico and experimental tools. We observed that T. cruzi reduces both the expression of the ST8Sia2 and the polysialylation of target substrates. We also found that chemical and genetic inhibition of host ST8Sia2 increased the parasite load in mammalian cells. We found that modulating host polysialylation may induce oxidative stress, creating a microenvironment that favors T. cruzi survival and infection. These findings suggest a novel approach to interfere with parasite infections through modulation of host polysialylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Rafael Barboza
- GlycoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janaina Macedo-da-Silva
- GlycoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Vinícius de Morais Gomes
- GlycoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Deivid Martins Santos
- GlycoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio Moreira Marques-Neto
- GlycoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simon Ngao Mule
- GlycoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Blanes Angeli
- GlycoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Borsoi
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Borsoi Moraes
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Moutinho-Melo
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunological and Antitumor Analysis, Department of Antibiotics, Bioscience Center, and Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Martina Mühlenhoff
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Walter Colli
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suely Kazue Nagashi Marie
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology (LIM 15), Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lygia da Veiga Pereira
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Julia Manso Alves
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Palmisano
- GlycoProteomics Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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5
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Nemati F, Ata Bahmani Asl A, Salehi P. Synthesis and modification of noscapine derivatives as promising future anticancer agents. Bioorg Chem 2024; 153:107831. [PMID: 39321713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 09/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Noscapine, a tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid, was first isolated from Papaver somniferum and identified by Rabiquet in 1817. It has been used as an anti-tussive agent since the mid-1950 s. After the discovery of its anti-mitotic potential, it was into the limelight once again. Due to its low toxicity, high bioactivity and oral administration, It was regarded as a formidable framework for subsequent modification and advancement in the pursuit of innovative chemotherapeutic agents. Up to now, the rational derivatives of the noscapine have been designed and the biological activities of these analogues have been extensively investigated. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the chemical characteristics of noscapine and its semi-synthetic derivatives up to the present, encompassing a concise investigation into the biological properties of these compounds and additionally a discussion about biosynthesis and total synthesis of noscapine is also provided. In summary, our aim is to contribute to a more thorough comprehension of this structure. It can be asserted that a promising future lies ahead for noscapine and its engineered derivatives as noteworthy candidates for pharmaceutical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Nemati
- Department of Synthesis of Medicinal Organic Compounds, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), P.O. Box 33535111, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ata Bahmani Asl
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, 1983963113 Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Salehi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, 1983963113 Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Hu ZX, Li SR, Xia QJ, Wang T, Voglmeir J, Widmalm G, Liu L. Enzymatic synthesis of N-formylated sialosides via a five-enzyme cascade. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:7485-7491. [PMID: 39189395 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00874j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Here we report an enzymatic approach to synthesize N-formylneuraminic acid (Neu5Fo) containing sialosides, through a five-enzyme cascade. This method stands as an alternative to traditional chemical syntheses, aiming for precision and efficiency in generating sialosides with a tailored N-formyl group generated directly from formic acid. The newly synthesized Neu5Fo was characterized using various NMR techniques revealing a conformational equilibrium at the amide bond of the formyl group in slow exchange on the NMR time scale with a trans : cis ratio of ∼2 : 1. This work not only suggests potential for exploring the biological roles of sialosides but also points to the possibility of developing novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xuan Hu
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, 210095 Nanjing, China.
| | - Shu-Rui Li
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, 210095 Nanjing, China.
| | - Qing-Jun Xia
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, 210095 Nanjing, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, 210095 Nanjing, China.
| | - Josef Voglmeir
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, 210095 Nanjing, China.
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Li Liu
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, 210095 Nanjing, China.
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7
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Qiu WL, Chao CH, Lu MK. Anti-inflammatory and anti-lung cancer activities of low-molecular-weight and high-sulfate-content sulfated polysaccharides extracted from the edible fungus Poria cocos. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135483. [PMID: 39260636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides (SPSs) have excellent physicochemical properties, attracting research interest in the pharmaceutical industry. A previous study extracted SPS (named Suc40) from the edible fungus, Poria cocos and demonstrated that it exhibited anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. In this study, three fractions of Suc40, Suc40 F1, Suc40 F2, and Suc40 F3, with different molecular weights and sulfate contents were prepared through gel-filtration column chromatography. The molecular weights of F1, F2, and F3 were approximately 616.23, 82.57, and 6.21 kDa, respectively, and their sulfate content were 0.23, 1.65, and 1.90 mmol/g, respectively. The fractions' anti-inflammatory activities were determined by assessing their ability to suppress inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Suc40 F2 and Suc40 F3 suppressed interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production by 60 % and 35 %, respectively. Suc40 F2 and Suc40 F3 suppressed protein kinase B (AKT)/p38 and p38 signaling, which resulted in anti-inflammatory effects. The fractions' anti-lung cancer activity was evaluated by assessing their H1975 cell proliferation inhibition. Suc40 F3 at a concentration of 800 μg/ml exhibited maximal cell proliferation inhibition. The low molecular weight and high sulfate content of Suc40 F3 were associated with its enhanced anti-inflammatory and anti-lung cancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lun Qiu
- School of Chinese Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Traditional Chinese Medicine Glycomics Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsein Chao
- School of Chinese Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Kuang Lu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, 155-1 Li-Nung St., Sec. 2, Shipai, Peitou, Taipei 112, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, 252 Wu-Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Traditional Chinese Medicine Glycomics Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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8
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Blawitzki LC, Bartels N, Bonda L, Schmidt S, Monzel C, Hartmann L. Glycomacromolecules to Tailor Crowded and Heteromultivalent Glycocalyx Mimetics. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:5979-5994. [PMID: 39122664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The glycocalyx, a complex carbohydrate layer on cell surfaces, plays a crucial role in various biological processes. Understanding native glycocalyces' complexity is challenging due to their intricate and dynamic nature. Simplified mimics of native glycocalyces offer insights into glycocalyx functions but often lack molecular precision and fail to replicate key features of the natural analogues like molecular crowding and heteromultivalency. We introduce membrane-anchoring precision glycomacromolecules synthesized via solid-phase polymer synthesis (SPPoS) and thiol-induced, light-activated controlled radical polymerization (TIRP), enabling the construction of crowded and heteromultivalent glycocalyx mimetics with varying molecular weights and densities in giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). The incorporation and dynamics of glycomacromolecules in the GUVs are examined via microscopy and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and studies on lectin-carbohydrate-mediated adhesion of GUVs reveal inhibitory and promotional adhesion effects corresponding to different glycocalyx mimetic compositions, bridging the gap between synthetic models and native analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca-Cesare Blawitzki
- Department for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104 Freiburg i.Br., Germany
| | - Nina Bartels
- Department for Experimental Medical Physics, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lorand Bonda
- Department for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephan Schmidt
- Department for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104 Freiburg i.Br., Germany
| | - Cornelia Monzel
- Department for Experimental Medical Physics, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura Hartmann
- Department for Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, 79104 Freiburg i.Br., Germany
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9
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Gallo-Rodriguez C, Rodriguez JB. Organoselenium Compounds in Medicinal Chemistry. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202400063. [PMID: 38778500 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The chemical and biological interest in this element and the molecules bearing selenium has been exponentially growing over the years. Selenium, formerly designated as a toxin, becomes a vital trace element for life that appears as selenocysteine and its dimeric form, selenocystine, in the active sites of selenoproteins, which catalyze a wide variety of reactions, including the detoxification of reactive oxygen species and modulation of redox activities. From the point of view of drug developments, organoselenium drugs are isosteres of sulfur-containing and oxygen-containing drugs with the advantage that the presence of the selenium atom confers antioxidant properties and high lipophilicity, which would increase cell membrane permeation leading to better oral bioavailability. This statement is the paramount relevance considering the big number of clinically employed compounds bearing sulfur or oxygen atoms in their structures including nucleosides and carbohydrates. Thus, in this article we have focused on the relevant features of the application of selenium in medicinal chemistry. With the increasing interest in selenium chemistry, we have attempted to highlight the most significant published data on this subject, mainly concentrating the analysis on the last years. In consequence, the recent advances of relevant pharmacological organoselenium compounds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Gallo-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan B Rodriguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón 2, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos en Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR), C1428EHA, Buenos, Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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10
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Chen X, Guo Y, Wang R. Detecting 2'-5'-adenosine linked nucleic acids via acylation of secondary hydroxy functionality. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 109:129847. [PMID: 38857849 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
2'-5'-Adenosine linked nucleic acids are crucial components in living cells that play significant roles, including participating in antiviral defense mechanisms by facilitating the breakdown of viral genetic material. In this report, we present a chemical derivatization method employing 5-fluoro-2-pyridinoyl-imidazole as the acylation agent, a strategy that can be effectively combined with advanced analytical tools, including Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, to enhance the characterization and detection capabilities. This marks the first instance of a simple method designed to detect 2'-5'-adenosine linked nucleic acids. The new method is characterized by its time-saving nature, simplicity, and relative accuracy compared to previous methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yuyang Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China.
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11
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Lei JX, Wang R, Hu C, Lou X, Lv MY, Li C, Gai B, Wu XJ, Dou R, Cai D, Gao F. Deciphering tertiary lymphoid structure heterogeneity reveals prognostic signature and therapeutic potentials for colorectal cancer: a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Int J Surg 2024; 110:5627-5640. [PMID: 38833363 PMCID: PMC11392219 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000001684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) exert a crucial role in the tumor microenvironment (TME), impacting tumor development, immune escape, and drug resistance. Nonetheless, the heterogeneity of TLSs in colorectal cancer (CRC) and their impact on prognosis and treatment response remain unclear. METHODS The authors collected genome, transcriptome, clinicopathological information, and digital pathology images from multiple sources. An unsupervised clustering algorithm was implemented to determine diverse TLS patterns in CRC based on the expression levels of 39 TLS signature genes (TSGs). Comprehensive explorations of heterogeneity encompassing mutation landscape, TME, biological characteristics, response to immunotherapy, and drug resistance were conducted using multiomics data. TLSscore was then developed to quantitatively assess TLS patterns of individuals for further clinical applicability. RESULTS Three distinct TLS patterns were identified in CRC. Cluster 1 exhibited upregulation of proliferation-related pathways, high metabolic activity, and intermediate prognosis, while Cluster 2 displayed activation of stromal and carcinogenic pathways and a worse prognosis. Both Cluster 1 and Cluster 2 may potentially benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. Cluster 3, characterized by the activation of immune regulation and activation pathways, demonstrated a favorable prognosis and enhanced responsiveness to immunotherapy. The authors subsequently employed a regularization algorithm to construct the TLSscore based on nine core genes. Patients with lower TLSscore trended to prolonged prognosis and a more prominent presence of TLSs, which may benefit from immunotherapy. Conversely, those with higher TLSscore exhibited increased benefits from adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS The authors identified distinct TLS patterns in CRC and characterized their heterogeneity through multiomics analyses. The TLSscore held promise for guiding clinical decision-making and further advancing the field of personalized medicine in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xin Lei
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Province
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, ShenzhenGuangdong Province
| | - Runxian Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, ZhuhaiGuangdong Province
| | - Chuling Hu
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Province
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong Province
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou
| | - Xiaoying Lou
- Department of Pathology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou
| | - Min-Yi Lv
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Province
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong Province
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou
| | - Chenghang Li
- Artificial Intelligence Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Baowen Gai
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Province
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong Province
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou
| | - Xiao-Jian Wu
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Province
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong Province
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou
| | - Ruoxu Dou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, ZhuhaiGuangdong Province
| | - Du Cai
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Province
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong Province
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of General Surgery (Colorectal Surgery), The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Province
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong Province
- Biomedical Innovation Center, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou
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12
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Hong WF, Zhang F, Wang N, Bi JM, Zhang DW, Wei LS, Song ZT, Mills GB, Chen MM, Li XX, Du SS, Yu M. Dynamic immunoediting by macrophages in homologous recombination deficiency-stratified pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 76:101115. [PMID: 39002266 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease, notably resistant to existing therapies. Current research indicates that PDAC patients deficient in homologous recombination (HR) benefit from platinum-based treatments and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi). However, the effectiveness of PARPi in HR-deficient (HRD) PDAC is suboptimal, and significant challenges remain in fully understanding the distinct characteristics and implications of HRD-associated PDAC. We analyzed 16 PDAC patient-derived tissues, categorized by their homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) scores, and performed high-plex immunofluorescence analysis to define 20 cell phenotypes, thereby generating an in-situ PDAC tumor-immune landscape. Spatial phenotypic-transcriptomic profiling guided by regions-of-interest (ROIs) identified a crucial regulatory mechanism through localized tumor-adjacent macrophages, potentially in an HRD-dependent manner. Cellular neighborhood (CN) analysis further demonstrated the existence of macrophage-associated high-ordered cellular functional units in spatial contexts. Using our multi-omics spatial profiling strategy, we uncovered a dynamic macrophage-mediated regulatory axis linking HRD status with SIGLEC10 and CD52. These findings demonstrate the potential of targeting CD52 in combination with PARPi as a therapeutic intervention for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Feng Hong
- Department of Pancreas Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310005, China; Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310005, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou 310005, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Pancreas Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Cosmos Wisdom Biotech, co. ltd, Building 10, No. 617 Jiner Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun-Ming Bi
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ding-Wen Zhang
- Department of Pancreas Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu-Sheng Wei
- Department of Pancreas Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen-Tao Song
- Mills Institute for Personalized Cancer Care, Fynn Biotechnologies Ltd. Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Division of Oncological Sciences, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA
| | - Min-Min Chen
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue-Xin Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna 17165, Sweden.
| | - Shi-Suo Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Pancreas Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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13
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Ning X, Budhadev D, Pollastri S, Nehlmeier I, Kempf A, Manfield I, Turnbull WB, Pöhlmann S, Bernardi A, Li X, Guo Y, Zhou D. Polyvalent Glycomimetic-Gold Nanoparticles Revealing Critical Roles of Glycan Display on Multivalent Lectin-Glycan Interaction Biophysics and Antiviral Properties. JACS AU 2024; 4:3295-3309. [PMID: 39211605 PMCID: PMC11350578 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Multivalent lectin-glycan interactions (MLGIs) are widespread and vital for biology, making them attractive therapeutic targets. Unfortunately, the structural and biophysical mechanisms of several key MLGIs remain poorly understood, limiting our ability to design spatially matched glycoconjugates as potential therapeutics against specific MLGIs. We have recently demonstrated that natural oligomannose-coated nanoparticles are powerful probes for MLGIs. They can provide not only quantitative affinity and binding thermodynamic data but also key structural information (e.g, binding site orientation and mode) useful for designing glycoconjugate therapeutics against specific MLGIs. Despite success, how designing parameters (e.g., glycan type, density, and scaffold size) control their MLGI biophysical and antiviral properties remains to be elucidated. A synthetic pseudodimannose (psDiMan) ligand has been shown to selectively bind to a dendritic cell surface tetrameric lectin, DC-SIGN, over some other multimeric lectins sharing monovalent mannose specificity but having distinct cellular functions. Herein, we display psDiMan polyvalently onto gold nanoparticles (GNPs) of varying sizes (e.g., ∼5 and ∼13 nm, denoted as G5- and G13 psDiMan hereafter) to probe how the scaffold size and glycan display control their MLGI properties with DC-SIGN and the closely related lectin DC-SIGNR. We show that G5/13 psDiMan binds strongly to DC-SIGN, with sub-nM K ds, with affinity being enhanced with increasing scaffold size, whereas they show apparently no or only weak binding to DC-SIGNR. Interestingly, there is a minimal, GNP-size-dependent, glycan density threshold for forming strong binding with DC-SIGN. By combining temperature-dependent affinity and Van't Hoff analyses, we have developed a new GNP fluorescence quenching assay for MLGI thermodynamics, revealing that DC-SIGN-Gx-psDiMan binding is enthalpy-driven, with a standard binding ΔH 0 of ∼ -95 kJ mol-1, which is ∼4-fold that of the monovalent binding and is comparable to that measured by isothermal titration calorimetry. We further reveal that the enhanced DC-SIGN affinity with Gx-psDiMan with increasing GNP scaffold size is due to reduced binding entropy penalty and not due to enhanced favorable binding enthalpy. We further show that DC-SIGN binds tetravalently to a single Gx-psDiMan, irrespective of the GNP size, whereas DC-SIGNR binding is dependent on GNP size, with no apparent binding with G5, and weak cross-linking with G13. Finally, we show that Gx-psDiMans potently inhibit DC-SIGN-dependent augmentation of cellular entry of Ebola pseudoviruses with sub-nM EC50 values, whereas they exhibit no significant (for G5) or weak (for G13) inhibition against DC-SIGNR-augmented viral entry, consistent to their MLGI properties with DC-SIGNR in solution. These results have established Gx-psDiMan as a versatile new tool for probing MLGI affinity, selectivity, and thermodynamics, as well as GNP-glycan antiviral properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Ning
- School
of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Darshita Budhadev
- School
of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Pollastri
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Universita′ Degli Studi
di Milano, via Golgi 19, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Inga Nehlmeier
- Infection
Biology Unit, German Primate Center—Leibniz
Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Amy Kempf
- Infection
Biology Unit, German Primate Center—Leibniz
Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Iain Manfield
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural
Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - W. Bruce Turnbull
- School
of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection
Biology Unit, German Primate Center—Leibniz
Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty
of Biology and Psychology, University of
Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna Bernardi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Universita′ Degli Studi
di Milano, via Golgi 19, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Xin Li
- Building
One, Granta Centre, G ranta Park, Sphere
Fluidics Ltd, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6AL, United Kingdom
| | - Yuan Guo
- School
of Food Science & Nutrition and Astbury Centre for Structural
Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Dejian Zhou
- School
of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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14
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Goode EA, Orozco-Moreno M, Hodgson K, Nabilah A, Murali M, Peng Z, Merx J, Rossing E, Pijnenborg JFA, Boltje TJ, Wang N, Elliott DJ, Munkley J. Sialylation Inhibition Can Partially Revert Acquired Resistance to Enzalutamide in Prostate Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2953. [PMID: 39272811 PMCID: PMC11393965 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16172953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a lethal solid malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in males worldwide. Treatments, including radical prostatectomy, radiotherapy, and hormone therapy, are available and have improved patient survival; however, recurrence remains a huge clinical challenge. Enzalutamide is a second-generation androgen receptor antagonist that is used to treat castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Among patients who initially respond to enzalutamide, virtually all acquire secondary resistance, and an improved understanding of the mechanisms involved is urgently needed. Aberrant glycosylation, and, in particular, alterations to sialylated glycans, have been reported as mediators of therapy resistance in cancer, but a link between tumour-associated glycans and resistance to therapy in prostate cancer has not yet been investigated. Here, using cell line models, we show that prostate cancer cells with acquired resistance to enzalutamide therapy have an upregulation of the sialyltransferase ST6 beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1 (ST6GAL1) and increased levels of α2,6-sialylated N-glycans. Furthermore, using the sialyltransferase inhibitor P-SiaFNEtoc, we discover that acquired resistance to enzalutamide can be partially reversed by combining enzalutamide therapy with sialic acid blockade. Our findings identify a potential role for ST6GAL1-mediated aberrant sialylation in acquired resistance to enzalutamide therapy for prostate cancer and suggest that sialic acid blockade in combination with enzalutamide may represent a novel therapeutic approach in patients with advanced disease. Our study also highlights the potential to bridge the fields of cancer biology and glycobiology to develop novel combination therapies for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Archer Goode
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Margarita Orozco-Moreno
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Kirsty Hodgson
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Amirah Nabilah
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Meera Murali
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Ziqian Peng
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Jona Merx
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Emiel Rossing
- GlycoTherapeutics B.V., 6511 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas J Boltje
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 XZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- GlycoTherapeutics B.V., 6511 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ning Wang
- The Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Clinical Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE2 7LX, UK
| | - David J Elliott
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Jennifer Munkley
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
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15
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Islam MR, Rabbi MA, Hossain T, Sultana S, Uddin S. Mechanistic Approach to Immunity and Immunotherapy of Alzheimer's Disease: A Review. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 39173186 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative condition characterized by progressive cognitive decline and memory loss, affecting millions of people worldwide. Traditional treatments, such as cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists, offer limited symptomatic relief without addressing the underlying disease mechanisms. These limitations have driven the development of more potent and effective therapies. Recent advances in immunotherapy present promising avenues for AD treatment. Immunotherapy strategies, including both active and passive approaches, harness the immune system to target and mitigate AD-related pathology. Active immunotherapy stimulates the patient's immune response to produce antibodies against AD-specific antigens, while passive immunotherapy involves administering preformed antibodies or immune cells that specifically target amyloid-β (Aβ) or tau proteins. Monoclonal antibodies, such as aducanumab and lecanemab, have shown potential in reducing Aβ plaques and slowing cognitive decline in clinical trials, despite challenges related to adverse immune responses and the need for precise targeting. This comprehensive review explores the role of the immune system in AD, evaluates the current successes and limitations of immunotherapeutic approaches, and discusses future directions for enhancing the treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rubiath Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Md Afser Rabbi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Tanbir Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Sadia Sultana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | - Shihab Uddin
- Department of Bioengineering, King Fahad University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Bio Systems and Machines, King Fahad University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran-31261, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Xu H, Ma H, Li Y, Bi S, Cai K, Wu L, Zhang L, Guan H, Li C, Yang J, Qiu P. Propylene glycol alginate sodium sulfate suppressed lung metastasis by blocking P-selectin to recruit CD4 regulatory T cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:134976. [PMID: 39179086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
P-selectin has been shown to enhance growth and metastasis of mouse tumors by promoting regulatory T cell (Treg) infiltration into the tumors. Theoretically, a P-selectin antagonist could suppress the process. Popylene glycol alginate sodium sulfate (PSS) is a heparin-like marine drug, which was originally approved to treat cardiovascular disease in China. Previously, we reported that PSS was an effective P-selectin antagonist in vitro. However, it is unknown whether PSS can regulate Treg infiltration and its effect on lung metastasis in vivo. Our results showed that PSS at 30 mg/kg significantly suppressed lung metastasis and improved overall survival, with potency comparable to the positive control LMWH. Mechanistic study indicated that PSS blocked tumor cells adhesion and activated platelets by directly binding with activated platelet's P-selectin. Compared to the model group, PSS decreased the percent of Tregs by 63 % in lungs after treating for 21 days while increasing CD8+ T cells (1.59-fold) and Granzyme B+ CD8 T cells (2.08-fold)' percentage for generating an adaptive response for systemic tumor suppression. The study indicated that the P-selectin antagonist, PSS, suppressed lung metastasis by inhibiting the infiltration of regulatory T cells (Treg) into the tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qiangdao, 23 Hongkong East Rd, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - He Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Rd, Qingdao, Shandong,266109, China
| | - Yannan Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Shijie Bi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Kaiyu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Huashi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qiangdao, 23 Hongkong East Rd, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Jinbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qiangdao, 23 Hongkong East Rd, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Peiju Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Rd, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qiangdao, 23 Hongkong East Rd, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
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17
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Xia X, Yang X, Gao W, Huang W, Xia X, Yan D. A novel HER2 targeting nanoagent self-assembled from affibody-epothilone B conjugate for cancer therapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:502. [PMID: 39169343 PMCID: PMC11337599 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Epothilone B (Epo B), a promising antitumor compound effective against various types of cancer cells in vitro. However, its poor selectivity for tumor cells and inadequate therapeutic windows significantly limit its potential clinical application. Affibody is a class of non-immunoglobulin affinity proteins with precise targeting capability to overexpressed molecular receptors on cancer cells, has been intensively investigated due to its exceptional affinity properties. In this study, we present a targeted nanoagent self-assembled from the precursor of an affibody conjugated with Epo B via a linker containing the thioketal (tk) group that is sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS). The core-shell structure of the ZHER2:342-Epo B Affibody-Drug Conjugate Nanoagent (Z-E ADCN), with the cytotoxin Epo B encapsulated within the ZHER2:342 affibody corona, leads to significantly reduced side effects on normal organs. Moreover, the abundant presence of ZHER2:342 on the surface effectively enhances the targeting capacity and tumor accumulation of the drug. Z-E ADCN can be internalized by cancer cells via HER2 receptor-mediated endocytosis followed by Epo B release in response to high levels of ROS, resulting in excellent anticancer efficacy in HER2-positive tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| | - Deyue Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Murphy PV, Dhara A, Fitzgerald LS, Hever E, Konda S, Mandal K. Small lectin ligands as a basis for applications in glycoscience and glycomedicine. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 39162695 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00642a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Glycan recognition by lectins mediates important biological events. This Tutorial Review aims to introduce lectin-ligand interactions and show how these molecular recognition events inspire innovations such as: (i) glycomimetic ligands; (ii) multivalent ligand agonists/antagonists; (iii) ligands for precision delivery of therapies to cells, where therapies include vaccines, siRNA and LYTACs (iv) development of diagnostics. A small number of case studies are selected to demonstrate principles for development of new ligands for applications inspired by knowledge of natural glycan ligand structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Murphy
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Galway, H91TK33, Ireland.
- SSPC, SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Galway, H91TK33, Ireland
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91TK33, Ireland
| | - Ashis Dhara
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Galway, H91TK33, Ireland.
- SSPC, SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Galway, H91TK33, Ireland
| | - Liam S Fitzgerald
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Galway, H91TK33, Ireland.
- SSPC, SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Galway, H91TK33, Ireland
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91TK33, Ireland
| | - Eoin Hever
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Galway, H91TK33, Ireland.
| | - Saidulu Konda
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Galway, H91TK33, Ireland.
| | - Kishan Mandal
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Galway, H91TK33, Ireland.
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19
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Szabo R, Dobie C, Montgomery AP, Steele H, Yu H, Skropeta D. Synthesis of α-Hydroxy-1,2,3-Triazole-linked Sialyltransferase Inhibitors and Evaluation of Selectivity Towards ST3GAL1, ST6GAL1 and ST8SIA2. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202400088. [PMID: 38758134 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Tumour-derived sialoglycans, bearing the charged nonulosonic sugar sialic acid at their termini, play a critical role in tumour cell adhesion and invasion, as well as evading cell death and immune surveillance. Sialyltransferases (ST), the enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of sialylated glycans, are highly upregulated in cancer, with tumour hypersialylation strongly correlated with tumour growth, metastasis and drug resistance. As a result, desialylation of the tumour cell surface using either targeted delivery of a pan-ST inhibitor (or sialidase) or systemic delivery of a non-toxic selective ST inhibitors are being pursued as potential new anti-metastatic strategies against multiple cancers including pancreatic, ovarian, breast, melanoma and lung cancer. Herein, we have employed molecular modelling to give insights into the selectivity observed in a series of selective ST inhibitors that incorporate a uridyl ring in place of the cytidine of the natural donor (CMP-Neu5Ac) and replace the charged phosphodiester linker of classical ST inhibitors with a neutral α-hydroxy-1,2,3-triazole linker. The inhibitory activities of the nascent compounds were determined against recombinant human ST enzymes (ST3GAL1, ST6GAL1, ST8SIA2) showing promising activity and selectivity towards specific ST sub-types. Our ST inhibitors are non-toxic and show improved synthetic accessibility and drug-likeness compared to earlier nucleoside-based ST inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Szabo
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Chris Dobie
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew P Montgomery
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Harrison Steele
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Haibo Yu
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Quantum Biotechnology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Danielle Skropeta
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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20
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Lavrador P, Moura BS, Almeida-Pinto J, Gaspar VM, Mano JF. Engineered nascent living human tissues with unit programmability. NATURE MATERIALS 2024:10.1038/s41563-024-01958-1. [PMID: 39117911 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01958-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Leveraging human cells as materials precursors is a promising approach for fabricating living materials with tissue-like functionalities and cellular programmability. Here we describe a set of cellular units with metabolically engineered glycoproteins that allow cells to tether together to function as macrotissue building blocks and bioeffectors. The generated human living materials, termed as Cellgels, can be rapidly assembled in a wide variety of programmable three-dimensional configurations with physiologically relevant cell densities (up to 108 cells per cm3), tunable mechanical properties and handleability. Cellgels inherit the ability of living cells to sense and respond to their environment, showing autonomous tissue-integrative behaviour, mechanical maturation, biological self-healing, biospecific adhesion and capacity to promote wound healing. These living features also enable the modular bottom-up assembly of multiscale constructs, which are reminiscent of human tissue interfaces with heterogeneous composition. This technology can potentially be extended to any human cell type, unlocking the possibility for fabricating living materials that harness the intrinsic biofunctionalities of biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Lavrador
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Beatriz S Moura
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - José Almeida-Pinto
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vítor M Gaspar
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - João F Mano
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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21
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He M, Zhou X, Wang X. Glycosylation: mechanisms, biological functions and clinical implications. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:194. [PMID: 39098853 PMCID: PMC11298558 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01886-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein post-translational modification (PTM) is a covalent process that occurs in proteins during or after translation through the addition or removal of one or more functional groups, and has a profound effect on protein function. Glycosylation is one of the most common PTMs, in which polysaccharides are transferred to specific amino acid residues in proteins by glycosyltransferases. A growing body of evidence suggests that glycosylation is essential for the unfolding of various functional activities in organisms, such as playing a key role in the regulation of protein function, cell adhesion and immune escape. Aberrant glycosylation is also closely associated with the development of various diseases. Abnormal glycosylation patterns are closely linked to the emergence of various health conditions, including cancer, inflammation, autoimmune disorders, and several other diseases. However, the underlying composition and structure of the glycosylated residues have not been determined. It is imperative to fully understand the internal structure and differential expression of glycosylation, and to incorporate advanced detection technologies to keep the knowledge advancing. Investigations on the clinical applications of glycosylation focused on sensitive and promising biomarkers, development of more effective small molecule targeted drugs and emerging vaccines. These studies provide a new area for novel therapeutic strategies based on glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan He
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 251006, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 251006, China.
- Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China.
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22
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Dong X, Wang H, Cai J, Wang Y, Chai D, Sun Z, Chen J, Li M, Xiao T, Shan C, Zhang JV, Yu M. ST6GALNAC1-mediated sialylation in uterine endometrial epithelium facilitates the epithelium-embryo attachment. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00306-0. [PMID: 39111624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Embryo implantation requires synergistic interaction between the embryo and the receptive endometrium. Glycoproteins and glycan-binding proteins are involved in endometrium-embryo attachment. Sialyl Tn (sTn), a truncated O-glycan, is catalyzed by ST6 N-Acetylgalactosaminide Alpha-2,6-Sialyltransferase 1 (ST6GALNAC1) and can be detected by specific Sialic-acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs). Whether the sTn-Siglecs axis supports embryo implantation remains unknown. OBJECTIVES This paper aims to study the role of ST6GALNAC1/sTn-Siglecs axis in embryo implantation. METHODS ST6GALNAC1 and sTn in human endometrium were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. An in vitro implantation model was conducted to evaluate the effects of ST6GALNAC1/sTn on the receptivity of human endometrial AN3CA cells to JAR spheroids. Immunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry analysis was carried out to identify the key proteins modified by sTn in endometrial cells. Siglec-6 in human embryos was analyzed by published single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets. Protein interaction assay was applied to verify the bond between the Siglec-6 with sTn-modified CD44. St6galnac1 siRNAs and anti-sTn antibodies were injected into the uterine horn of the mouse at the pre-implantation stage to evaluate the role of endometrial St6galnac1/sTn in embryo implantation. Siglec-G in murine embryos was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. The function of Siglec-G is evidenced by uterine horn injection and protein interaction assay. RESULTS Both human and murine endometrium at the receptive stage exhibit higher ST6GALNAC1 and sTn levels compared to the non-receptive stage. Overexpression of ST6GALNAC1 significantly enhanced the receptivity of AN3CA cells to JAR spheroids. Inhibition of endometrial ST6GALNAC1/sTn substantially impaired embryo implantation in vivo. CD44 was identified as a carrier for sTn in the endometrial cells of both species. Siglec-6 and Siglec-G, expressed in the embryonic trophectoderm, were found to promote embryo attachment, which may be achieved through binding with sTn-modified CD44. CONCLUSION ST6GALNAC1-regulated sTn in the endometrium aids in embryo attachment through interaction with trophoblastic Siglecs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Dong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Jinxuan Cai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Yichun Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Dezhi Chai
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Zichen Sun
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Mengxia Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Tianxia Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Chunhua Shan
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jian V Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, China.
| | - Ming Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
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23
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Blanco C, Ramos Castellanos R, Fogg DE. Anionic Olefin Metathesis Catalysts Enable Modification of Unprotected Biomolecules in Water. ACS Catal 2024; 14:11147-11152. [PMID: 39114091 PMCID: PMC11301623 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c02811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Stability problems have limited the uptake of cationic olefin metathesis catalysts in chemical biology. Described herein are anionic catalysts that improve water-solubility, robustness, and compatibility with biomolecules such as DNA. A sulfonate tag is installed on the cyclic (alkyl)(amino) carbene (CAAC) ligand platform, chosen for resistance to degradation by nucleophiles, base, water, and β-elimination. Hoveyda-Grubbs catalysts bearing the sulfonated CAAC ligands deliver record productivity in metathesis of unprotected carbohydrates and nucleosides at neutral pH. Decomposed catalyst has negligible impact on metathesis selectivity, whereas N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysts degrade rapidly in water and cause extensive C=C migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian
O. Blanco
- Center
for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry
and Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Richard Ramos Castellanos
- Center
for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry
and Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Deryn E. Fogg
- Center
for Catalysis Research & Innovation, and Department of Chemistry
and Biomolecular Sciences, University of
Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway
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24
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Cagnoni AJ, Massaro M, Cutine AM, Gimeno A, Pérez-Sáez JM, Manselle Cocco MN, Maller SM, Di Lella S, Jiménez-Barbero J, Ardá A, Rabinovich GA, Mariño KV. Exploring galectin interactions with human milk oligosaccharides and blood group antigens identifies BGA6 as a functional galectin-4 ligand. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107573. [PMID: 39009340 PMCID: PMC11367503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Galectins (Gals), a family of multifunctional glycan-binding proteins, have been traditionally defined as β-galactoside binding lectins. However, certain members of this family have shown selective affinity toward specific glycan structures including human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and blood group antigens. In this work, we explored the affinity of human galectins (particularly Gal-1, -3, -4, -7, and -12) toward a panel of oligosaccharides including HMOs and blood group antigens using a complementary approach based on both experimental and computational techniques. While prototype Gal-1 and Gal-7 exhibited differential affinity for type I versus type II Lac/LacNAc residues and recognized fucosylated neutral glycans, chimera-type Gal-3 showed high binding affinity toward poly-LacNAc structures including LNnH and LNnO. Notably, the tandem-repeat human Gal-12 showed preferential recognition of 3-fucosylated glycans, a unique feature among members of the galectin family. Finally, Gal-4 presented a distinctive glycan-binding activity characterized by preferential recognition of specific blood group antigens, also validated by saturation transfer difference nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. Particularly, we identified oligosaccharide blood group A antigen tetraose 6 (BGA6) as a biologically relevant Gal-4 ligand, which specifically inhibited interleukin-6 secretion induced by this lectin on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These findings highlight unique determinants underlying specific recognition of HMOs and blood group antigens by human galectins, emphasizing the biological relevance of Gal-4-BGA6 interactions, with critical implications in the development and regulation of inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro J Cagnoni
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Programa de Glicoinmunología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Programa de Glicoinmunología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mora Massaro
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Programa de Glicoinmunología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anabela M Cutine
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Programa de Glicoinmunología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Programa de Glicoinmunología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Juan M Pérez-Sáez
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Programa de Glicoinmunología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Montana N Manselle Cocco
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Programa de Glicoinmunología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián M Maller
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Programa de Glicoinmunología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Santiago Di Lella
- Instituto de Química Biológica, Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN-CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain; Department of Organic & Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology University of the Basque Country, EHU-UPV, Leioa, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ardá
- CIC bioGUNE, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Programa de Glicoinmunología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Karina V Mariño
- Laboratorio de Glicómica Funcional y Molecular, Programa de Glicoinmunología, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad Argentina de la Empresa (UADE), Instituto de Tecnología (INTEC), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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25
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Li Z, Du Q, Feng X, Song X, Ren Z, Lu H. A Versatile One-Step Enzymatic Strategy for Efficient Imaging and Mapping of Tumor-Associated Tn Antigen. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:20539-20543. [PMID: 39041660 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Tn antigen (CD175), recognized as the precursor monosaccharide (α-GalNAc) of mucin O-glycan, is a well-known tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen (TACA). It has emerged as a potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. However, the role it plays in cancer biology remains elusive due to the absence of a sensitive and selective detection method. In this study, we synthesized two new probes based on a unique uridine-5'-diphospho-α-d-galactose (UDP-Gal) derivative, each functionalized with either a fluorescence or a cleavable biotin tag, to develop an innovative one-step enzymatic labeling strategy, enabling the visualization, enrichment, and site-specific mapping of the Tn antigen with unparalleled sensitivity and specificity. Our versatile strategy has been successfully applied to detect and image Tn antigen across various samples, including the complex cell lysates, live cells, serum, and tissue samples. Compared to the traditional lectin method, this one-step enzymatic method is simpler and more efficient (>10/100-fold in sensitivity). Furthermore, it allowed us to map 454 Tn-glycoproteins and 624 Tn-glycosylation sites from HEK293FTn+ and Jurkat cells. Therefore, our strategy provides an exceptionally promising tool for revealing the biological functions of the Tn antigen and advancing cancer diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qi Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Feng
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuezheng Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory Glycomics and Molecular Interactions Core, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Zhenggang Ren
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University and National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haojie Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Liver Cancer Institute of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences & Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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26
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Hosokawa Y, Matsuoka M, Sakai Y, Fukuda R, Matsugasaki K, Homan K, Furukawa JI, Onodera T, Iwasaki N. Depletion of b-series ganglioside prevents limb length discrepancy after growth plate injury. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:565. [PMID: 39033138 PMCID: PMC11264953 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07704-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Growth plate damage in long bones often results in progressive skeletal growth imbalance and deformity, leading to significant physical problems. Gangliosides, key glycosphingolipids in cartilage, are notably abundant in articular cartilage and regulate chondrocyte homeostasis. This suggests their significant roles in regulating growth plate cartilage repair. METHODS Chondrocytes from 3 to 5 day-old C57BL/6 mice underwent glycoblotting and mass spectrometry. Based on the results of the glycoblotting analysis, we employed GD3 synthase knockout mice (GD3-/-), which lack b-series gangliosides. In 3-week-old mice, physeal injuries were induced in the left tibiae, with right tibiae sham operated. Tibiae were analyzed at 5 weeks postoperatively for length and micro-CT for growth plate height and bone volume at injury sites. Tibial shortening ratio and bone mineral density were measured by micro-CT. RESULTS Glycoblotting analysis indicated that b-series gangliosides were the most prevalent in physeal chondrocytes among ganglioside series. At 3 weeks, GD3-/- exhibited reduced tibial shortening (14.7 ± 0.2 mm) compared to WT (15.0 ± 0.1 mm, P = 0.03). By 5 weeks, the tibial lengths in GD3-/- (16.0 ± 0.4 mm) closely aligned with sham-operated lengths (P = 0.70). Micro-CT showed delayed physeal bridge formation in GD3-/-, with bone volume measuring 168.9 ± 5.8 HU at 3 weeks (WT: 180.2 ± 3.2 HU, P = 0.09), but normalizing by 5 weeks. CONCLUSION This study highlights that GD3 synthase knockout mice inhibit physeal bridge formation after growth plate injury, proposing a new non-invasive approach for treating skeletal growth disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Hosokawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15 West 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Masatake Matsuoka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15 West 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Yuko Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15 West 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Fukuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15 West 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Keizumi Matsugasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15 West 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kentaro Homan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15 West 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Furukawa
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Onodera
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15 West 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 15 West 7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
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27
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Zhang J, Huang S, Zhu Z, Gatt A, Liu J. E-selectin in vascular pathophysiology. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1401399. [PMID: 39100681 PMCID: PMC11294169 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1401399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Selectins are a group of Ca2+-dependent, transmembrane type I glycoproteins which attract cell adhesion and migration. E-selectin is exclusively expressed in endothelial cells, and its expression is strongly enhanced upon activation by pro-inflammatory cytokines. The interaction of E-selectin with its ligands on circulating leukocytes captures and slows them down, further facilitating integrin activation, firm adhesion to endothelial cells and transmigration to tissues. Oxidative stress induces endothelial cell injury, leading to aberrant expression of E-selectin. In addition, the elevated level of E-selectin is positively related to high risk of inflammation. Dysregulation of E-selectin has been found in several pathological conditions including acute kidney injury (AKI), pulmonary diseases, hepatic pathology, Venous thromboembolism (VTE). Deletion of the E-selectin gene in mice somewhat ameliorates these complications. In this review, we describe the mechanisms regulating E-selectin expression, the interaction of E-selectin with its ligands, the E-selectin physiological and pathophysiological roles, and the therapeutical potential of targeting E-selectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shengshi Huang
- Institute of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Microvascular Aging, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiying Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Alex Gatt
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
- Haematology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Mater Dei Hospital, Msida, Malta
| | - Ju Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Microvascular Aging, Jinan, China
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28
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Tian W, Wei W, Qin G, Bao X, Tong X, Zhou M, Xue Y, Zhang Y, Shao Q. Lymphocyte homing and recirculation with tumor tertiary lymphoid structure formation: predictions for successful cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1403578. [PMID: 39076974 PMCID: PMC11284035 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1403578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The capacity of lymphocytes continuously home to lymphoid structures is remarkable for cancer immunosurveillance and immunotherapy. Lymphocyte homing and recirculation within the tumor microenvironment (TME) are now understood to be adaptive processes that are regulated by specialized cytokines and adhesion molecule signaling cascades. Restricted lymphocyte infiltration and recirculation have emerged as key mechanisms contributing to poor responses in cancer immunotherapies like chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy and immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs). Uncovering the kinetics of lymphocytes in tumor infiltration and circulation is crucial for improving immunotherapies. In this review, we discuss the current insights into the adhesive and migrative molecules involved in lymphocyte homing and transmigration. The potential mechanisms within the TME that restrain lymphocyte infiltration are also summarized. Advanced on these, we outline the determinates for tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) formation within tumors, placing high expectations on the prognostic values of TLSs as therapeutic targets in malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Tian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Life Science Institute, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Wangzhi Wei
- Life Science Institute, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Gaofeng Qin
- Life Science Institute, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuanwen Bao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University & Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuecheng Tong
- Changzhou Third People’s Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Changzhou Third People’s Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Xue
- Changzhou Third People’s Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Life Science Institute, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Qixiang Shao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Reproductive Immunity, School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
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29
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Gilormini PA, Thota VN, Fers-Lidou A, Ashmus RA, Nodwell M, Brockerman J, Kuo CW, Wang Y, Gray TE, Nitin, McDonagh AW, Guu SY, Ertunc N, Yeo D, Zandberg WF, Khoo KH, Britton R, Vocadlo DJ. A metabolic inhibitor blocks cellular fucosylation and enables production of afucosylated antibodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314026121. [PMID: 38917011 PMCID: PMC11228515 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314026121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The fucosylation of glycoproteins regulates diverse physiological processes. Inhibitors that can control cellular levels of protein fucosylation have consequently emerged as being of high interest. One area where inhibitors of fucosylation have gained significant attention is in the production of afucosylated antibodies, which exhibit superior antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity as compared to their fucosylated counterparts. Here, we describe β-carbafucose, a fucose derivative in which the endocyclic ring oxygen is replaced by a methylene group, and show that it acts as a potent metabolic inhibitor within cells to antagonize protein fucosylation. β-carbafucose is assimilated by the fucose salvage pathway to form GDP-carbafucose which, due to its being unable to form the oxocarbenium ion-like transition states used by fucosyltransferases, is an incompetent substrate for these enzymes. β-carbafucose treatment of a CHO cell line used for high-level production of the therapeutic antibody Herceptin leads to dose-dependent reductions in core fucosylation without affecting cell growth or antibody production. Mass spectrometry analyses of the intact antibody and N-glycans show that β-carbafucose is not incorporated into the antibody N-glycans at detectable levels. We expect that β-carbafucose will serve as a useful research tool for the community and may find immediate application for the rapid production of afucosylated antibodies for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anthony Fers-Lidou
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Roger A Ashmus
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Matthew Nodwell
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jacob Brockerman
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Chu-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Taylor E Gray
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Nitin
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Anthony W McDonagh
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Shih-Yun Guu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Nursah Ertunc
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | | | - Wesley F Zandberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Kay-Hooi Khoo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Robert Britton
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - David J Vocadlo
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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30
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Hu X, Song J, Ye G, Zhu M, Lan J, Zeng L, Ke Z, Yuan J. Integrated serum proteomic and N-glycoproteomic characterization of dengue patients. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29775. [PMID: 38949184 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by the dengue virus (DENV). It poses a public health threat globally and, while most people with dengue have mild symptoms or are asymptomatic, approximately 5% of affected individuals develop severe disease and need hospital care. However, knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying dengue infection and the interaction between the virus and its host remains limited. In the present study, we performed a quantitative proteomic and N-glycoproteomic analysis of serum from 19 patients with dengue and 11 healthy people. The results revealed distinct proteomic and N-glycoproteomic landscapes between the two groups. Notably, we report for the first time the changes in the serum N glycosylation pattern following dengue infection and provide abundant information on glycoproteins, glycosylation sites, and intact N-glycopeptides using recently developed site-specific glycoproteomic approaches. Furthermore, a series of key functional pathways in proteomic and N-glycoproteomic were identified. Collectively, our findings significantly improve understanding of host and DENV interactions and the general pathogenesis and pathology of DENV, laying a foundation for functional studies of glycosylation and glycan structures in dengue infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hu
- Infectious Disease Department, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiamin Song
- Infectious Disease Department, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guoguo Ye
- Infectious Disease Department, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Miao Zhu
- Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianfeng Lan
- Infectious Disease Department, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijiao Zeng
- Infectious Disease Department, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiyi Ke
- Infectious Disease Department, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Infectious Disease Department, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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31
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Zhang J, Terreni M, Liu F, Sollogoub M, Zhang Y. Ganglioside GM3-based anticancer vaccines: Reviewing the mechanism and current strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116824. [PMID: 38820973 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ganglioside GM3 is one of the most common membrane-bound glycosphingolipids. The over-expression of GM3 on tumor cells makes it defined as a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen (TACA). The specific expression property in cancers, especially in melanoma, make it become an important target to develop anticancer vaccines or immunotherapies. However, in the manner akin to most TACAs, GM3 is an autoantigen facing with problems of low immunogenicity and easily inducing immunotolerance, which means itself only cannot elicit a powerful enough immune response to prevent or treat cancer. With a comparative understanding of the mechanisms that how immune system responses to the carbohydrate vaccines, this review summarizes the studies on the recent efforts to development GM3-based anticancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxu Zhang
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris 75005, France; College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Marco Terreni
- Drug Sciences Department, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Fang Liu
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris 75005, France
| | - Matthieu Sollogoub
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris 75005, France
| | - Yongmin Zhang
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris 75005, France; College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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32
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Schmidt EN, Guo XY, Bui DT, Jung J, Klassen JS, Macauley MS. Dissecting the abilities of murine Siglecs to interact with gangliosides. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107482. [PMID: 38897567 PMCID: PMC11294694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Siglecs are cell surface receptors whose functions are tied to the binding of their sialoglycan ligands. Recently, we developed an optimized liposome formulation and used it to investigate the binding of human Siglecs (hSiglec) against a panel of gangliosides. Animal models, more specifically murine models, are used to understand human biology; however, species-specific differences can complicate the interpretation of the results. Herein, we used our optimized liposome formulation to dissect the interactions between murine Siglecs (mSiglecs) and gangliosides to assess the appropriateness of mSiglecs as a proxy to better understand the biological roles of hSiglec-ganglioside interactions. Using our optimized liposome formulation, we found that ganglioside binding is generally conserved between mice and humans with mSiglec-1, -E, -F, and -15 binding multiple gangliosides like their human counterparts. However, in contrast to the hSiglecs, we observed little to no binding between the mSiglecs and ganglioside GM1a. Detailed analysis of mSiglec-1 interacting with GM1a and its structural isomer, GM1b, suggests that mSiglec-1 preferentially binds α2-3-linked sialic acids presented from the terminal galactose residue. The ability of mSiglecs to interact or not interact with gangliosides, particularly GM1a, has implications for using mice to study neurodegenerative diseases, infections, and cancer, where interactions between Siglecs and glycolipids have been proposed to modulate these human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward N Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xue Yan Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Duong T Bui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jaesoo Jung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - John S Klassen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew S Macauley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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33
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Smidt JM, Märcher A, Skaanning MK, El-Chami K, Teodori L, Omer M, Kjems J, Gothelf KV. Dual-Targeting of the HER2 Cancer Receptor with an Antibody-Directed Enzyme and a Nanobody-Guided MMAE Prodrug Scaffold. Chembiochem 2024:e202400437. [PMID: 38945824 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-enzyme conjugates have shown potential as tissue-specific prodrug activators by antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT), but the approach met challenges clinically due to systemic drug release. Here, we report a novel dual-targeting ADEPT system (DuADEPT) which is based on active cancer receptor targeting of both a trastuzumab-sialidase conjugate (Tz-Sia) and a highly potent sialidase-activated monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) prodrug scaffold. The scaffold is based on a four-way junction of the artificial nucleic acid analog acyclic (L)-threoninol nucleic acid ((L)-aTNA) which at the ends of its four arms carries one nanobody targeting HER2 and three copies of the prodrug. Dual-targeting of the constructs to two proximal epitopes of HER2 was shown by flow cytometry, and a dual-targeted enzymatic drug release assay revealed cytotoxicity upon prodrug activation specifically for HER2-positive cancer cells. The specific delivery and activation of prodrugs in this way could potentially be used to decrease systemic side effects and increase drug efficacy, and utilization of Tz-Sia provides an opportunity to combine the local chemotherapeutic effect of the DuADEPT with an anticancer immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Melgaard Smidt
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Märcher
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mads Koch Skaanning
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kassem El-Chami
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Laura Teodori
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marjan Omer
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kurt V Gothelf
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
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34
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Cao Y, Yi W, Zhu Q. Glycosylation in the tumor immune response: the bitter side of sweetness. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:1184-1198. [PMID: 38946426 PMCID: PMC11399423 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is the most structurally diverse form of post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins that affects a myriad of cellular processes. As a pivotal regulator of protein homeostasis, glycosylation notably impacts the function of proteins, spanning from protein localization and stability to protein-protein interactions. Aberrant glycosylation is a hallmark of cancer, and extensive studies have revealed the multifaceted roles of glycosylation in tumor growth, migration, invasion and immune escape Over the past decade, glycosylation has emerged as an immune regulator in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we summarize the intricate interplay between glycosylation and the immune system documented in recent literature, which orchestrates the regulation of the tumor immune response through endogenous lectins, immune checkpoints and the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the TME. In addition, we discuss the latest progress in glycan-based cancer immunotherapy. This review provides a basic understanding of glycosylation in the tumor immune response and a theoretical framework for tumor immunotherapy.
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35
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Chen J, Wang N, Huang N, Yao H. Stereoselective Synthesis of β- S-Glycosides via Palladium Catalysis. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8815-8827. [PMID: 38835152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
S-Glycosides are more resistant to enzymatic and chemical hydrolysis and exhibit higher metabolic stability than common O-glycosides, demonstrating their widespread application in biological research and drug development. In particular, β-S-glycosides are used as antirheumatic, anticancer, and antidiabetic drugs in clinical practice. However, the stereoselective synthesis of β-S-glycosides is still highly challenging. Herein, we report an effective β-S-glycosylation using 3-O-trichloroacetimidoyl glycal and thiols under mild conditions. The C3-imidate is designed to guide Pd to form a complex with glucal from the upper face, followed by Pd-S (thiols) coordination to realize β-stereoselectivity. This method demonstrates excellent compatibility with a broad scope of various thiol acceptors and glycal donors with yields up to 87% and a β/α ratio of up to 20:1. The present β-S-glycosylation strategy is used for late-stage functionalization of drugs/natural products such as estrone, zingerone, and thymol. Overall, this novel and simple operation approach provides a general and practical strategy for the construction of β-thioglycosides, which holds high potential in drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
| | - Nengzhong Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang 443007, P. R. China
| | - Nianyu Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang 443007, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, P. R. China
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang 443007, P. R. China
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36
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He X, Zhao L, Tian Y, Li R, Chu Q, Gu Z, Zheng M, Wang Y, Li S, Jiang H, Jiang Y, Wen L, Wang D, Cheng X. Highly accurate carbohydrate-binding site prediction with DeepGlycanSite. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5163. [PMID: 38886381 PMCID: PMC11183243 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49516-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
As the most abundant organic substances in nature, carbohydrates are essential for life. Understanding how carbohydrates regulate proteins in the physiological and pathological processes presents opportunities to address crucial biological problems and develop new therapeutics. However, the diversity and complexity of carbohydrates pose a challenge in experimentally identifying the sites where carbohydrates bind to and act on proteins. Here, we introduce a deep learning model, DeepGlycanSite, capable of accurately predicting carbohydrate-binding sites on a given protein structure. Incorporating geometric and evolutionary features of proteins into a deep equivariant graph neural network with the transformer architecture, DeepGlycanSite remarkably outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods and effectively predicts binding sites for diverse carbohydrates. Integrating with a mutagenesis study, DeepGlycanSite reveals the guanosine-5'-diphosphate-sugar-recognition site of an important G-protein coupled receptor. These findings demonstrate DeepGlycanSite is invaluable for carbohydrate-binding site prediction and could provide insights into molecular mechanisms underlying carbohydrate-regulation of therapeutically important proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lifen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinping Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinyu Chu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Gu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yusong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Hybrid Augmented Intelligence, National Engineering Research Center for Visual Information and Applications, and Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaoning Li
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Liuqing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | | | - Xi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China.
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37
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Bains RK, Nasseri SA, Wardman JF, Withers SG. Advances in the understanding and exploitation of carbohydrate-active enzymes. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2024; 80:102457. [PMID: 38657391 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.102457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) are responsible for the biosynthesis, modification and degradation of all glycans in Nature. Advances in genomic and metagenomic methodologies, in conjunction with lower cost gene synthesis, have provided access to a steady stream of new CAZymes with both well-established and novel mechanisms. At the same time, increasing access to cryo-EM has resulted in exciting new structures, particularly of transmembrane glycosyltransferases of various sorts. This improved understanding has resulted in widespread progress in applications of CAZymes across diverse fields, including therapeutics, organ transplantation, foods, and biofuels. Herein, we highlight a few of the many important advances that have recently been made in the understanding and applications of CAZymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajneesh K Bains
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Seyed Amirhossein Nasseri
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jacob F Wardman
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Stephen G Withers
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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Flitsch SL, Voglmeir J. Chemo-enzymatic synthesis is spot on for ganglioside glycan libraries. Nat Chem 2024; 16:843-844. [PMID: 38844637 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01543-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine L Flitsch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Josef Voglmeir
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center (GGBRC), College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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Hodgson K, Orozco-Moreno M, Goode EA, Fisher M, Garnham R, Beatson R, Turner H, Livermore K, Zhou Y, Wilson L, Visser EA, Pijnenborg JF, Eerden N, Moons SJ, Rossing E, Hysenaj G, Krishna R, Peng Z, Nangkana KP, Schmidt EN, Duxfield A, Dennis EP, Heer R, Lawson MA, Macauley M, Elliott DJ, Büll C, Scott E, Boltje TJ, Drake RR, Wang N, Munkley J. Sialic acid blockade inhibits the metastatic spread of prostate cancer to bone. EBioMedicine 2024; 104:105163. [PMID: 38772281 PMCID: PMC11134892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone metastasis is a common consequence of advanced prostate cancer. Bisphosphonates can be used to manage symptoms, but there are currently no curative treatments available. Altered tumour cell glycosylation is a hallmark of cancer and is an important driver of a malignant phenotype. In prostate cancer, the sialyltransferase ST6GAL1 is upregulated, and studies show ST6GAL1-mediated aberrant sialylation of N-glycans promotes prostate tumour growth and disease progression. METHODS Here, we monitor ST6GAL1 in tumour and serum samples from men with aggressive prostate cancer and using in vitro and in vivo models we investigate the role of ST6GAL1 in prostate cancer bone metastasis. FINDINGS ST6GAL1 is upregulated in patients with prostate cancer with tumours that have spread to the bone and can promote prostate cancer bone metastasis in vivo. The mechanisms involved are multi-faceted and involve modification of the pre-metastatic niche towards bone resorption to promote the vicious cycle, promoting the development of M2 like macrophages, and the regulation of immunosuppressive sialoglycans. Furthermore, using syngeneic mouse models, we show that inhibiting sialylation can block the spread of prostate tumours to bone. INTERPRETATION Our study identifies an important role for ST6GAL1 and α2-6 sialylated N-glycans in prostate cancer bone metastasis, provides proof-of-concept data to show that inhibiting sialylation can suppress the spread of prostate tumours to bone, and highlights sialic acid blockade as an exciting new strategy to develop new therapies for patients with advanced prostate cancer. FUNDING Prostate Cancer Research and the Mark Foundation For Cancer Research, the Medical Research Council and Prostate Cancer UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Hodgson
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Margarita Orozco-Moreno
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Emily Archer Goode
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Matthew Fisher
- The Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Clinical Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Rebecca Garnham
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Richard Beatson
- Centre for Inflammation and Tissue Repair, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), Rayne 9 Building, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Helen Turner
- Cellular Pathology, The Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Karen Livermore
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Yuhan Zhou
- The Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Clinical Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Laura Wilson
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Eline A Visser
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Nienke Eerden
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; GlycoTherapeutics B.V., Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Emiel Rossing
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerald Hysenaj
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Rashi Krishna
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Ziqian Peng
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Kyla Putri Nangkana
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Edward N Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Adam Duxfield
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; International Centre for Life, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Ella P Dennis
- International Centre for Life, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Rakesh Heer
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Michelle A Lawson
- The Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Clinical Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Matthew Macauley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - David J Elliott
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Christian Büll
- Biomolecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Emma Scott
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Thomas J Boltje
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Richard R Drake
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Ning Wang
- The Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Clinical Medicine, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK.
| | - Jennifer Munkley
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University Institute of Biosciences, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK.
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Kurfiřt M, Hamala V, Beránek J, Červenková Šťastná L, Červený J, Dračínský M, Bernášková J, Spiwok V, Bosáková Z, Bojarová P, Karban J. Synthesis and unexpected binding of monofluorinated N,N'-diacetylchitobiose and LacdiNAc to wheat germ agglutinin. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107395. [PMID: 38705105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Fluorination of carbohydrate ligands of lectins is a useful approach to examine their binding profile, improve their metabolic stability and lipophilicity, and convert them into 19F NMR-active probes. However, monofluorination of monovalent carbohydrate ligands often leads to a decreased or completely lost affinity. By chemical glycosylation, we synthesized the full series of methyl β-glycosides of N,N'-diacetylchitobiose (GlcNAcβ(1-4)GlcNAcβ1-OMe) and LacdiNAc (GalNAcβ(1-4)GlcNAcβ1-OMe) systematically monofluorinated at all hydroxyl positions. A competitive enzyme-linked lectin assay revealed that the fluorination at the 6'-position of chitobioside resulted in an unprecedented increase in affinity to wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) by one order of magnitude. For the first time, we have characterized the binding profile of a previously underexplored WGA ligand LacdiNAc. Surprisingly, 4'-fluoro-LacdiNAc bound WGA even stronger than unmodified LacdiNAc. These observations were interpreted using molecular dynamic calculations along with STD and transferred NOESY NMR techniques, which gave evidence for the strengthening of CH/π interactions after deoxyfluorination of the side chain of the non-reducing GlcNAc. These results highlight the potential of fluorinated glycomimetics as high-affinity ligands of lectins and 19F NMR-active probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kurfiřt
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 1/135, CZ-165 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic; University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, CZ-166 28 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Hamala
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 1/135, CZ-165 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic; University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, CZ-166 28 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Beránek
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, CZ-166 28 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Červenková Šťastná
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 1/135, CZ-165 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Červený
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 00 Praha 4, Czech Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, CZ-160 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Bernášková
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 1/135, CZ-165 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Spiwok
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, CZ-166 28 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Bosáková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bojarová
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 00 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Karban
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 1/135, CZ-165 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic.
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Ma L, Ma Y, Gao Q, Liu S, Zhu Z, Shi X, Dai F, Reis RL, Kundu SC, Cai K, Xiao B. Mulberry Leaf Lipid Nanoparticles: a Naturally Targeted CRISPR/Cas9 Oral Delivery Platform for Alleviation of Colon Diseases. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307247. [PMID: 38243871 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Oral treatment of colon diseases with the CRISPR/Cas9 system has been hampered by the lack of a safe and efficient delivery platform. Overexpressed CD98 plays a crucial role in the progression of ulcerative colitis (UC) and colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). In this study, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) derived from mulberry leaves are functionalized with Pluronic copolymers and optimized to deliver the CRISPR/Cas gene editing machinery for CD98 knockdown. The obtained LNPs possessed a hydrodynamic diameter of 267.2 nm, a narrow size distribution, and a negative surface charge (-25.6 mV). Incorporating Pluronic F127 into LNPs improved their stability in the gastrointestinal tract and facilitated their penetration through the colonic mucus barrier. The galactose end groups promoted endocytosis of the LNPs by macrophages via asialoglycoprotein receptor-mediated endocytosis, with a transfection efficiency of 2.2-fold higher than Lipofectamine 6000. The LNPs significantly decreased CD98 expression, down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6), up-regulated anti-inflammatory factors (IL-10), and polarized macrophages to M2 phenotype. Oral administration of LNPs mitigated UC and CAC by alleviating inflammation, restoring the colonic barrier, and modulating intestinal microbiota. As the first oral CRISPR/Cas9 delivery LNP, this system offers a precise and efficient platform for the oral treatment of colon diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ya Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shengsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhenhua Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Fangyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Rui L Reis
- Bs Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Barco, Guimaraes, 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, 4800-058, Portugal
| | - Subhas C Kundu
- Bs Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Barco, Guimaraes, 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, 4800-058, Portugal
| | - Kaiyong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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Xu Z, Liu Y, Liu J, Ma W, Zhang Z, Chapla DG, Wen L, Moremen KW, Yi W, Li T. Integrated chemoenzymatic synthesis of a comprehensive sulfated ganglioside glycan library to decipher functional sulfoglycomics and sialoglycomics. Nat Chem 2024; 16:881-892. [PMID: 38844638 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01540-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Ganglioside glycans are ubiquitous and complex biomolecules that are involved in a wide range of biological functions and disease processes. Variations in sialylation and sulfation render the structural complexity and diversity of ganglioside glycans, and influence protein-carbohydrate interactions. Structural and functional insights into the biological roles of these glycans are impeded due to the limited accessibility of well-defined structures. Here we report an integrated chemoenzymatic strategy for expeditious and systematic synthesis of a comprehensive 65-membered ganglioside glycan library covering all possible patterns of sulfation and sialylation. This strategy relies on the streamlined modular assembly of three common sialylated precursors by highly stereoselective iterative sialylation, modular site-specific sulfation through flexible orthogonal protecting-group manipulations and enzymatic-catalysed diversification using three sialyltransferase modules and a galactosidase module. These diverse ganglioside glycans enable exploration into their structure-function relationships using high-throughput glycan microarray technology, which reveals that different patterns of sulfation and sialylation on these glycans mediate their unique binding specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yating Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhumin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Liuqing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Wen Yi
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tiehai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Babulic JL, De León González FV, Capicciotti CJ. Recent advances in photoaffinity labeling strategies to capture Glycan-Protein interactions. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2024; 80:102456. [PMID: 38705088 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.102456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Glycans decorate all cells and are critical mediators of cellular processes through recognition by glycan-binding proteins (GBPs). While targeting glycan-protein interactions has great therapeutic potential, these interactions are challenging to study as they are generally transient and exhibit low binding affinities. Glycan-based photo-crosslinkable probes have enabled covalent capture and identification of unknown GBP receptors and glycoconjugate ligands. Here, we review recent progress in photo-crosslinking approaches targeting glycan-mediated interactions. We discuss two prominent emerging strategies: 1) development of photo-crosslinkable oligosaccharide ligands to identify GBP receptors; and 2) cell-surface glyco-engineering to identify glycoconjugate ligands of GBPs. Overall, photoaffinity labeling affords valuable insights into complex glycan-protein networks and is poised to help elucidate the glycan-protein interactome, providing novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan L Babulic
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | | | - Chantelle J Capicciotti
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 2S8, Canada; Department of Surgery, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 2V7, Canada.
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Yin N, Li X, Zhang X, Xue S, Cao Y, Niedermann G, Lu Y, Xue J. Development of pharmacological immunoregulatory anti-cancer therapeutics: current mechanistic studies and clinical opportunities. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:126. [PMID: 38773064 PMCID: PMC11109181 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01826-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy represented by anti-PD-(L)1 and anti-CTLA-4 inhibitors has revolutionized cancer treatment, but challenges related to resistance and toxicity still remain. Due to the advancement of immuno-oncology, an increasing number of novel immunoregulatory targets and mechanisms are being revealed, with relevant therapies promising to improve clinical immunotherapy in the foreseeable future. Therefore, comprehending the larger picture is important. In this review, we analyze and summarize the current landscape of preclinical and translational mechanistic research, drug development, and clinical trials that brought about next-generation pharmacological immunoregulatory anti-cancer agents and drug candidates beyond classical immune checkpoint inhibitors. Along with further clarification of cancer immunobiology and advances in antibody engineering, agents targeting additional inhibitory immune checkpoints, including LAG-3, TIM-3, TIGIT, CD47, and B7 family members are becoming an important part of cancer immunotherapy research and discovery, as are structurally and functionally optimized novel anti-PD-(L)1 and anti-CTLA-4 agents and agonists of co-stimulatory molecules of T cells. Exemplified by bispecific T cell engagers, newly emerging bi-specific and multi-specific antibodies targeting immunoregulatory molecules can provide considerable clinical benefits. Next-generation agents also include immune epigenetic drugs and cytokine-based therapeutics. Cell therapies, cancer vaccines, and oncolytic viruses are not covered in this review. This comprehensive review might aid in further development and the fastest possible clinical adoption of effective immuno-oncology modalities for the benefit of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanhao Yin
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center & State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xintong Li
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center & State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xuanwei Zhang
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center & State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shaolong Xue
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20, Section 3, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
- Institute of Disaster Medicine & Institute of Emergency Medicine, Sichuan University, No. 17, Gaopeng Avenue, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Gabriele Niedermann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site DKTK-Freiburg, Robert-Koch-Strasse 3, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - You Lu
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center & State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 2222, Xinchuan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Jianxin Xue
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment, Cancer Center & State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37, Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 2222, Xinchuan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, PR China.
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Liu Y, Su W, Li P, Zeng X, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Peng W, Wu H. Exploring the Mechanism of Fufang Danshen Tablet against Atherosclerosis by Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:643. [PMID: 38794213 PMCID: PMC11124970 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main pathological basis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Fufang Danshen Tablet (FDT) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been clinically used to treat CVDs for more than 40 years. Nevertheless, owing to the complexity of the ingredients, the pharmacological mechanism of FDT in the treatment of CVDs has not been fully elucidated. In this study, an integrated strategy of UFLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, network pharmacology, molecular biology, and transcriptomics was used to elucidate the mechanisms of action of FDT in the treatment of atherosclerosis. In total, 22 absorbed constituents were identified in rat serum after oral administration of FDT. In silico, network pharmacology studies have shown that FDT regulates four key biological functional modules for the treatment of atherosclerosis: oxidative stress, cell apoptosis, energy metabolism, and immune/inflammation. In animal experiments, FDT exerted protective effects against atherosclerosis by reducing the plaque area and lipid levels in ApoE-/- mice. Furthermore, we found that FDT inhibited inflammatory macrophage accumulation by regulating the expression of Selp and Ccl2, which are both involved in monocyte adhesion and migration. The inhibition of monocyte recruitment by FDT is a new perspective to elucidate the anti-atherosclerotic mechanism of FDT, which has not been adopted in previous studies on FDT. Our results may help to elucidate the therapeutic mechanism of FDT against CVDs and provide potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hao Wu
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Quality and Efficacy Reevaluation of Post-Market Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Y.L.); (W.S.); (P.L.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.); (Y.W.); (W.P.)
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46
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Yao G, Tian Y, Ke W, Fang J, Ma S, Li T, Cheng X, Xia B, Wen L, Gao Z. Direct Identification of Complex Glycans via a Highly Sensitive Engineered Nanopore. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13356-13366. [PMID: 38602480 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The crucial roles that glycans play in biological systems are determined by their structures. However, the analysis of glycan structures still has numerous bottlenecks due to their inherent complexities. The nanopore technology has emerged as a powerful sensor for DNA sequencing and peptide detection. This has a significant impact on the development of a related research area. Currently, nanopores are beginning to be applied for the detection of simple glycans, but the analysis of complex glycans by this technology is still challenging. Here, we designed an engineered α-hemolysin nanopore M113R/T115A to achieve the sensing of complex glycans at micromolar concentrations and under label-free conditions. By extracting characteristic features to depict a three-dimensional (3D) scatter plot, glycans with different numbers of functional groups, various chain lengths ranging from disaccharide to decasaccharide, and distinct glycosidic linkages could be distinguished. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations show different behaviors of glycans with β1,3- or β1,4-glycosidic bonds in nanopores. More importantly, the designed nanopore system permitted the discrimination of each glycan isomer with different lengths in a mixture with a separation ratio of over 0.9. This work represents a proof-of-concept demonstration that complex glycans can be analyzed using nanopore sequencing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangda Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yinping Tian
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenjun Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shengzhou Ma
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tiehai Li
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 330106, China
| | - Bingqing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liuqing Wen
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaobing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
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47
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Lu W, Zhao X, Li M, Li Y, Zhang C, Xiong Y, Li J, Zhou H, Ye X, Li X, Wang J, Liang X, Qing G. Precise Structural Analysis of Neutral Glycans Using Aerolysin Mutant T240R Nanopore. ACS NANO 2024; 18:12412-12426. [PMID: 38693619 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Glycans play vital roles in nearly all life processes of multicellular organisms, and understanding these activities is inseparable from elucidating the biological significance of glycans. However, glycan research has lagged behind that of DNA and protein due to the challenges posed by structural heterogeneity and isomerism (i.e., structures with equal molecular weights) the lack of high-efficiency structural analysis techniques. Nanopore technology has emerged as a sensitive single-molecule biosensor, shining a light on glycan analysis. However, a significant number of glycans are small and uncharged, making it challenging to elicit identifiable nanopore signals. Here we introduce a R-binaphthyl tag into glycans, which enhances the cation-π interaction between the derivatized glycan molecules and the nanopore interface, enabling the detection of neutral glycans with an aerolysin nanopore. This approach allows for the distinction of di-, tri-, and tetrasaccharides with monosaccharide resolution and has the potential for group discrimination, the monitoring of enzymatic transglycosylation reactions. Notably, the aerolysin mutant T240R achieves unambiguous identification of six disaccharide isomers, trisaccharide and tetrasaccharide linkage isomers. Molecular docking simulations reveal that multiple noncovalent interactions occur between residues R282, K238, and R240 and the glycans and R-binaphthyl tag, significantly slowing down their translocation across the nanopore. Importantly, we provide a demonstration of the kinetic translocation process of neutral glycan isomers, establishing a solid theoretical foundation for glycan nanopore analysis. The development of our technology could promote the analysis of glycan structural isomers and has the potential for nanopore-based glycan structural determination and sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xinjia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Minmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang 330000, P. R. China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang 330000, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Han Zhou
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang 330000, P. R. China
| | - Xianlong Ye
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang 330000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaonong Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang 330000, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Pharmacodynamic Material Basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang 330000, P. R. China
| | - Guangyan Qing
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
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48
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Marie AL, Gao Y, Ivanov AR. Native N-glycome profiling of single cells and ng-level blood isolates using label-free capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3847. [PMID: 38719792 PMCID: PMC11079027 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47772-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of reliable single-cell dispensers and substantial sensitivity improvement in mass spectrometry made proteomic profiling of individual cells achievable. Yet, there are no established methods for single-cell glycome analysis due to the inability to amplify glycans and sample losses associated with sample processing and glycan labeling. In this work, we present an integrated platform coupling online in-capillary sample processing with high-sensitivity label-free capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry for N-glycan profiling of single mammalian cells. Direct and unbiased quantitative characterization of single-cell surface N-glycomes are demonstrated for HeLa and U87 cells, with the detection of up to 100 N-glycans per single cell. Interestingly, N-glycome alterations are unequivocally detected at the single-cell level in HeLa and U87 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. The developed workflow is also applied to the profiling of ng-level amounts (5-500 ng) of blood-derived protein, extracellular vesicle, and total plasma isolates, resulting in over 170, 220, and 370 quantitated N-glycans, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Lise Marie
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, US
| | - Yunfan Gao
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, US
| | - Alexander R Ivanov
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, US.
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Tricomi J, Aoun M, Xu B, Holmdahl R, Richichi B. Stereoselective Synthesis of the Gal-α-(1→3)-Gal-β-(1→3)-GlcNAc Trisaccharide: a new Ligand for DCAR and Mincle C-Type Lectin Receptors. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400026. [PMID: 38506247 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we have discovered that the Gal-α-(1→3)-Gal-β-(1→3)-GlcNAc trisaccharide, a fragment of the B antigen Type-1, is a new ligand of two C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) i. e. DCAR and Mincle which are key players in different types of autoimmune diseases. Accordingly, we report here on a straightforward methodology to access pure Gal-α-(1→3)-Gal-β-(1→3)-GlcNAc trisaccharide. A spacer with a terminal primary amine group was included at the reducing end of the GlcNAc residue thus ensuring the further functionalization of the trisaccharide Gal-α-(1→3)-Gal-β-(1→3)-GlcNAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Tricomi
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019, Sesto, Fiorentino (Firenze, Italy
| | - Mike Aoun
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Bingze Xu
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Barbara Richichi
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019, Sesto, Fiorentino (Firenze, Italy
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50
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Yao G, Ke W, Xia B, Gao Z. Nanopore-based glycan sequencing: state of the art and future prospects. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6229-6243. [PMID: 38699252 PMCID: PMC11062086 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01466a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Sequencing of biomacromolecules is a crucial cornerstone in life sciences. Glycans, one of the fundamental biomolecules, derive their physiological and pathological functions from their structures. Glycan sequencing faces challenges due to its structural complexity and current detection technology limitations. As a highly sensitive sensor, nanopores can directly convert nucleic acid sequence information into electrical signals, spearheading the revolution of third-generation nucleic acid sequencing technologies. However, their potential for deciphering complex glycans remains untapped. Initial attempts demonstrated the significant sensitivity of nanopores in glycan sensing, which provided the theoretical basis and insights for the realization of nanopore-based glycan sequencing. Here, we present three potential technical routes to employ nanopore technology in glycan sequencing for the first time. The three novel technical routes include: strand sequencing, capturing glycan chains as they translocate through nanopores; sequential hydrolysis sequencing, capturing released monosaccharides one by one; splicing sequencing, mapping signals from hydrolyzed glycan fragments to an oligosaccharide database/library. Designing suitable nanopores, enzymes, and motors, and extracting characteristic signals pose major challenges, potentially aided by artificial intelligence. It would be highly desirable to design an all-in-one high-throughput glycan sequencer instrument by integrating a sample processing unit, nanopore array, and signal acquisition system into a microfluidic device. The nanopore sequencer invention calls for intensive multidisciplinary cooperation including electrochemistry, glycochemistry, engineering, materials, enzymology, etc. Advancing glycan sequencing will promote the development of basic research and facilitate the discovery of glycan-based drugs and disease markers, fostering progress in glycoscience and even life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangda Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 201203 Shanghai China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University 201210 Shanghai China
- Lingang Laboratory 200031 Shanghai China
| | - Wenjun Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 201203 Shanghai China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China
| | - Bingqing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 201203 Shanghai China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China
| | - Zhaobing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 201203 Shanghai China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences 528400 Zhongshan China
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