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Diroll BT, Guzelturk B, Po H, Dabard C, Fu N, Makke L, Lhuillier E, Ithurria S. 2D II-VI Semiconductor Nanoplatelets: From Material Synthesis to Optoelectronic Integration. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3543-3624. [PMID: 36724544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The field of colloidal synthesis of semiconductors emerged 40 years ago and has reached a certain level of maturity thanks to the use of nanocrystals as phosphors in commercial displays. In particular, II-VI semiconductors based on cadmium, zinc, or mercury chalcogenides can now be synthesized with tailored shapes, composition by alloying, and even as nanocrystal heterostructures. Fifteen years ago, II-VI semiconductor nanoplatelets injected new ideas into this field. Indeed, despite the emergence of other promising semiconductors such as halide perovskites or 2D transition metal dichalcogenides, colloidal II-VI semiconductor nanoplatelets remain among the narrowest room-temperature emitters that can be synthesized over a wide spectral range, and they exhibit good material stability over time. Such nanoplatelets are scientifically and technologically interesting because they exhibit optical features and production advantages at the intersection of those expected from colloidal quantum dots and epitaxial quantum wells. In organic solvents, gram-scale syntheses can produce nanoparticles with the same thicknesses and optical properties without inhomogeneous broadening. In such nanoplatelets, quantum confinement is limited to one dimension, defined at the atomic scale, which allows them to be treated as quantum wells. In this review, we discuss the synthetic developments, spectroscopic properties, and applications of such nanoplatelets. Covering growth mechanisms, we explain how a thorough understanding of nanoplatelet growth has enabled the development of nanoplatelets and heterostructured nanoplatelets with multiple emission colors, spatially localized excitations, narrow emission, and high quantum yields over a wide spectral range. Moreover, nanoplatelets, with their large lateral extension and their thin short axis and low dielectric surroundings, can support one or several electron-hole pairs with large exciton binding energies. Thus, we also discuss how the relaxation processes and lifetime of the carriers and excitons are modified in nanoplatelets compared to both spherical quantum dots and epitaxial quantum wells. Finally, we explore how nanoplatelets, with their strong and narrow emission, can be considered as ideal candidates for pure-color light emitting diodes (LEDs), strong gain media for lasers, or for use in luminescent light concentrators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Diroll
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Burak Guzelturk
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Hong Po
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France
| | - Corentin Dabard
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ningyuan Fu
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lina Makke
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Lhuillier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Ithurria
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France
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Zheng L, Zywietz U, Birr T, Duderstadt M, Overmeyer L, Roth B, Reinhardt C. UV-LED projection photolithography for high-resolution functional photonic components. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2021; 7:64. [PMID: 34567776 PMCID: PMC8433360 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-021-00286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The advancement of micro- and nanostructuring techniques in optics is driven by the demand for continuous miniaturization and the high geometrical accuracy of photonic devices and integrated systems. Here, UV-LED projection photolithography is demonstrated as a simple and low-cost approach for rapid generation of two-dimensional optical micro- and nanostructures with high resolution and accuracy using standard optics only. The developed system enables the projection of structure patterns onto a substrate with 1000-fold demagnification. Photonic devices, e.g., waveguides and microring resonators, on rigid or flexible substrates with varied geometrical complexity and overall structure dimensions from the nanometer to centimeter scale were successfully prepared. In particular, high-resolution gratings with feature sizes down to 150 nm and periods as small as 400 nm were realized for the first time by this approach. Waveguides made of doped laser active materials were fabricated, and their spontaneous emission was detected. The demonstrated superior performance of the developed approach may find wide applications in photonics, plasmonics, and optical materials science, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zheng
- Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Lower Saxony 30167 Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering-Innovation Across Disciplines), Hannover, Lower Saxony 30167 Germany
| | - Urs Zywietz
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V, Hannover, Lower Saxony 30167 Germany
| | - Tobias Birr
- Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V, Hannover, Lower Saxony 30167 Germany
| | | | - Ludger Overmeyer
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering-Innovation Across Disciplines), Hannover, Lower Saxony 30167 Germany
- Institute of Transport and Automation Technology, Leibniz University Hannover, Garbsen, Lower Saxony 30823 Germany
| | - Bernhard Roth
- Hannover Centre for Optical Technologies, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Lower Saxony 30167 Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering-Innovation Across Disciplines), Hannover, Lower Saxony 30167 Germany
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Porotnikov D, Diroll BT, Harankahage D, Obloy L, Yang M, Cassidy J, Ellison C, Miller E, Rogers S, Tarnovsky AN, Schaller RD, Zamkov M. Low-threshold laser medium utilizing semiconductor nanoshell quantum dots. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:17426-17436. [PMID: 32797122 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03582c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) represent a promising class of nanomaterials for lasing applications. Currently, one of the key challenges facing the development of high-performance NC optical gain media lies in enhancing the lifetime of biexciton populations. This usually requires the employment of charge-delocalizing particle architectures, such as core/shell NCs, nanorods, and nanoplatelets. Here, we report on a two-dimensional nanoshell quantum dot (QD) morphology that enables a strong delocalization of photoinduced charges, leading to enhanced biexciton lifetimes and low lasing thresholds. A unique combination of a large exciton volume and a smoothed potential gradient across interfaces of the reported CdSbulk/CdSe/CdSshell (core/shell/shell) nanoshell QDs results in strong suppression of Auger processes, which was manifested in this work though the observation of stable amplified stimulated emission (ASE) at low pump fluences. An extensive charge delocalization in nanoshell QDs was confirmed by transient absorption measurements, showing that the presence of a bulk-size core in CdSbulk/CdSe/CdSshell QDs reduces exciton-exciton interactions. Overall, present findings demonstrate unique advantages of the nanoshell QD architecture as a promising optical gain medium in solid-state lighting and lasing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Porotnikov
- The Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, USA.
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Lei L, Seyitliyev D, Stuard S, Mendes J, Dong Q, Fu X, Chen YA, He S, Yi X, Zhu L, Chang CH, Ade H, Gundogdu K, So F. Efficient Energy Funneling in Quasi-2D Perovskites: From Light Emission to Lasing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906571. [PMID: 32108964 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Quasi-2D Ruddlesden-Popper halide perovskites with a large exciton binding energy, self-assembled quantum wells, and high quantum yield draw attention for optoelectronic device applications. Thin films of these quasi-2D perovskites consist of a mixture of domains having different dimensionality, allowing energy funneling from lower-dimensional nanosheets (high-bandgap domains) to 3D nanocrystals (low-bandgap domains). High-quality quasi-2D perovskite (PEA)2 (FA)3 Pb4 Br13 films are fabricated by solution engineering. Grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements are conducted to study the crystal orientation, and transient absorption spectroscopy measurements are conducted to study the charge-carrier dynamics. These data show that highly oriented 2D crystal films have a faster energy transfer from the high-bandgap domains to the low-bandgap domains (<0.5 ps) compared to the randomly oriented films. High-performance light-emitting diodes can be realized with these highly oriented 2D films. Finally, amplified spontaneous emission with a low threshold 4.16 µJ cm-2 is achieved and distributed feedback lasers are also demonstrated. These results show that it is important to control the morphology of the quasi-2D films to achieve efficient energy transfer, which is a critical requirement for light-emitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Dovletgeldi Seyitliyev
- Department of Physics, Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Samuel Stuard
- Department of Physics, Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Juliana Mendes
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Qi Dong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Xiangyu Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Yi-An Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Siliang He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Xueping Yi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Liping Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Chih-Hao Chang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics, Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Kenan Gundogdu
- Department of Physics, Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Franky So
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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Simi NJ, Vinayakan R, Ison VV. Photoinduced electron transfer in novel CdSe-Cu 2Se type II core-shell quantum dots. RSC Adv 2019; 9:15092-15098. [PMID: 35516312 PMCID: PMC9064209 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02027f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the synthesis, characterisation and electron transfer studies of CdSe-Cu2Se QDs, a novel type II core-shell system. The synthesis was achieved by a high temperature organometallic method with oleylamine as ligand. Structural and optical properties of the nanostructures were investigated using X-ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, inductive coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and absorption spectroscopy. The electron transfer dynamics were investigated by observing the variations in steady state and time resolved emission spectra in the presence of an electron acceptor-methyl viologen. Localization of electrons in the shells was evident from the studies performed indicating efficient charge separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Simi
- Centre for Nano Bio Polymer Science and Technology, Department of Physics, St. Thomas College Palai, Arunapuram Kottayam-686574 Kerala India +919446126926
| | - R Vinayakan
- NSS Hindu College Changanacherry Kottayam-686102 Kerala India
| | - V V Ison
- Centre for Nano Bio Polymer Science and Technology, Department of Physics, St. Thomas College Palai, Arunapuram Kottayam-686574 Kerala India +919446126926
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